CN106822715B - 一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及禽畜用药领域,特别涉及一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物及其制备方法;由以下原料组成:黄藤、蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草;本发明的组合物,对布鲁氏杆菌病具有显著的预防效果,能有效的降低山羊的布鲁氏杆菌病的发病率至2%,通过中草药之间合理的配比,相互之间起到良好的协同增效的作用,有效起到预防、控制山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的作用,对提高山羊生产性能、减少经济损失、促进羊养殖业持续健康发展发挥了极其重要的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及禽畜用药领域,特别涉及一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
山羊布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种人畜共患传染病,布鲁氏菌病主要传染源是发病及带菌的家畜,山羊被感染后,主要侵害生殖系统,致使母山羊发生流产和乳腺炎,公山羊发生睾丸炎和附睾炎,在一定条件下,主要经过消化道,其次是经皮肤和粘膜感染,山羊感染布鲁氏菌后,常常因为误诊误治而转为慢性,造成反复发作,长期不愈,而人会因为接触病畜或被布鲁氏菌污染的动物产品(如羊肉、羊奶和其他污染物)等而感染布鲁氏菌病,对神经、循环、生殖、免疫系统造成损害,给患者带来精神的痛苦和生活的不便。因此,我国在动物疫病预防的中长期规划中,将布鲁氏菌病列为优先防控病种。
综上可知山羊布鲁氏菌病发病率高,流行性和危害性广泛,因此,有效控制山羊布鲁氏菌病对提高母羊生产性能、减少经济损失、促进羊养殖业持续健康发展具有极其重要的意义,但是目前,山羊感染布鲁氏菌后存在几方面的原因:1、由于管理上的欠缺,因为布鲁氏菌病主要侵害生殖系统,所以在诊断时常导致误诊而延缓病情,使得布鲁氏菌得以扩散,不仅严重危害山羊的健康发展,还有可能进一步使得人类感染布鲁氏菌,2、目前没有针对布鲁氏菌的特效药,一般山羊布鲁氏菌后,a、按其他的生殖系统的疾病的治疗方法进行治疗,但是并没有什么效果,b、采用一些抗生素进行治疗,这样虽能缓解一些症状,但是会山羊内分泌紊乱,而且会导致羊奶和/或羊肉中抗生素残留,危害人类健康,因此使用安全高效的、针对性强的方法预防山羊布鲁氏菌病的发病已经成为全世界研究的热点。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题,提供了一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物及其制备方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:黄藤20~30、蒲公英15~30、土茯苓15~30、柴胡10~20、山药20~30、金银花15~30、大青叶15~30、龙胆草10~20。
优选地,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:黄藤25、蒲公英23、土茯苓23、柴胡15、山药25、金银花25、大青叶24、龙胆草15。
所述的黄藤,其黄藤茎和黄藤根的质量比为2∶0.8~1.2。
所述组合物制备成口服制剂,优选为口服液、片剂、胶囊剂或者丸剂。
所述口服液的制备方法,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,加水熬煮,过滤,将滤液浓缩,将浓缩液和乙醇按1∶5的质量比混合,加热至45~55℃,回流150~180min,回收乙醇后,再加入浓缩液质量3倍量的丙酮,浸提6~8h,回收丙酮,得残余液,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将残余液和黄藤提取剂混合,再加入单糖调节混合溶液含糖量为10~20%,混匀得口服液。
所述片剂的制备方法,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,粉碎,加水煎煮成含水量为15~20%的浸膏,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将浸膏和黄藤提取剂混合,加入浸膏质量的15~20%的可压性淀粉,再加入总量的0.5%的硬脂酸镁混匀,通过压片机压制成片,得片剂。
所述胶囊剂的制备方法,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,粉碎,得中药粉,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将黄藤提取剂和中药粉混匀,再用甲基纤维素或海藻酸盐类或聚乙烯醇或变性明胶制备的空胶囊进行包裹,制备成胶囊剂。
所述丸剂的制备方法,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,粉碎,得中药粉,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将中药粉和黄藤提取剂混合,加入总量的20~30%的预胶化淀粉,再用75%的乙醇浸润,通过造粒机造粒,制成颗粒,过筛,得丸剂。
所述的黄藤提取剂,是从黄藤茎和黄藤根中提取的黄藤素。
所述的黄藤提取剂,可以参照(《黄藤中黄藤素提取工艺优选研究》,陈鸿平,程贝,刘友平,彭成,成都中医药大学,2011年12月15日)中公开的提取方法进行黄藤素的提取。
所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,将组合物与日粮按0.01~0.03∶1的质量比混合,对山羊进行喂食。
本发明中添加了黄藤,黄藤中富含大量的的黄藤素,黄藤素又名掌叶防己碱、巴马汀、棕榈碱、非洲防己碱,黄藤素具有增强白细胞吞噬能力的作用,对多种革兰阳性和阴性菌有抑制作用,尤其抗真菌作用佳。对柯氏表皮癣菌等12种真菌有不同程度的抑制作用,对白色念珠菌浅部或深部感染,均有良好疗效,另外,实验证明黄藤素能提高细胞免疫、体液免疫和非特异性免疫功能,对机体免疫功能具有明显的提高作用,由于黄藤素具有广谱抑菌抗病毒、明显增加白细胞吞噬细菌、良好的抗炎和增强机体免疫力的多重作用,将其应在预防山羊布鲁氏菌病上具有显著疗效。
添加的中草药具有如下功效:
蒲公英:蒲公英全草含蒲公英甾醇、胆碱、菊糖,对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药菌株、溶血性链球菌有较强的杀菌作用,对肺炎双球菌、脑膜炎球菌、白喉杆菌、绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌等及卡他球菌也有一定杀菌作用,对某些真菌亦有抑制作用,对幽门弯曲杆菌有良好的杀灭作用;还具有疏通乳脉管之阻塞,促进泌乳的作用。
土茯苓:具有解毒,除湿,通利关节之功效
柴胡:具有和解表里,疏肝解郁,升阳举陷,退热截疟的功效,主要用于感冒发热,寒热往来,胸胁胀痛,月经不调,子宫脱垂,脱肛。
山药:山药富含多糖、具有诱导产生干扰素,可刺激和调节人类免疫系统。其所含胆碱和卵磷脂有助于提高人的记忆力,常食之可健身强体、延缓衰老,其中山药中所含的尿囊素具有麻醉镇痛的作用,可促进上皮生长、消炎和抑菌。
金银花:具有清热解毒、抗炎、补虚疗风的功效,主治胀满下疾、温病发热,热毒痈疡和肿瘤等症,其对于头昏头晕、口干作渴、多汗烦闷、肠炎、菌痢、麻疹、肺炎、乙脑、流脑、急性乳腺炎、败血症等病症均有一定疗效。
大青叶:可配合柴胡、金银花,具有清热解毒,凉血消斑的功效。
龙胆草:龙胆或龙胆苦甙能促进胃液和胃酸分泌,并可使游离盐酸增加,食欲增进;对根瘤细菌,大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、根癌病土壤杆菌等有作用,对绿脓杆菌,变形杆菌,伤寒杆菌,痢疾杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌等有不同程度的抑制作用,龙胆碱对中枢神经系统呈兴奋作用,具有镇痛和镇静作用;龙胆苦甙用于疟疾发热及抗菌素甲醛实验性关节炎肿等作用。
1、随机选取3000头年龄、健康状况、进食情况相同的山羊,随机分为3组,采用日常管理方式进行喂养,且均由同一人进行喂养,不同之处在于,第一组在山羊日粮中添加本发明组合物,第二组在日粮中添加市售的预防的抗菌,消炎的药物,第三组不添加任何药物,试验时间为12个月,分别对山羊的发病率、死亡率以及抗生素的使用情况进行统计,结果如表1所示:
表1
综上所述,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明的组合物,对布鲁氏杆菌病具有显著的预防效果,能有效的降低山羊的布鲁氏杆菌病的发病率至2%,通过中草药之间合理的配比,相互之间起到良好的协同增效的作用,有效起到预防、控制山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的作用,对提高山羊生产性能、减少经济损失、促进羊养殖业持续健康发展发挥了极其重要的意义。
其中,通过对黄藤中的黄藤素的提取,利用黄藤素具有广谱抑菌抗病毒、明显增加白细胞吞噬细菌、良好的抗炎和增强机体免疫力的多重作用,同时添加具有清热解毒,抗菌消炎,增强免疫的功效的中药进行组合,使得制备的组合物具有抑菌抗病毒、抗炎杀菌,增强免疫力的作用,从而达到治疗布鲁氏杆菌病的目的,本发明的组合物,其预防效果显著,同时避免了采用抗生素等刺激激素对山羊制品以及人类带来的伤害,对山羊治疗后对山羊制品没有副作用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替,仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:黄藤20kg、蒲公英15kg、土茯苓15kg、柴胡10kg、山药20kg、金银花15kg、大青叶15kg、龙胆草10kg。
所述的黄藤,其黄藤茎和黄藤根的质量比为2∶0.8。
将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,加水熬煮,过滤,将滤液浓缩,将浓缩液和乙醇按1∶5的质量比混合,加热至45℃,回流150min,回收乙醇后,再加入浓缩液质量3倍量的丙酮,浸提6h,回收丙酮,得残余液,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将残余液和黄藤提取剂混合,再加入单糖调节混合溶液含糖量为10~20%,混匀得口服液。
所述的黄藤提取剂,可以参照(《黄藤中黄藤素提取工艺优选研究》,陈鸿平,程贝,刘友平,彭成,成都中医药大学,2011年12月15日)中公开的提取方法进行黄藤素的提取。
所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,将组合物与日粮按0.01∶1的质量比混合,对山羊进行喂食。
实施例2
一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:黄藤30kg、蒲公英30kg、土茯苓30kg、柴胡20kg、山药30kg、金银花30kg、大青叶30kg、龙胆草20kg。
所述的黄藤,其黄藤茎和黄藤根的质量比为2∶1.2。
所述片剂的制备方法,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,粉碎,加水煎煮成含水量为20%的浸膏,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将浸膏和黄藤提取剂混合,加入浸膏质量的20%的可压性淀粉,再加入总量的0.5%的硬脂酸镁混匀,通过压片机压制成片,得片剂。
所述的黄藤提取剂,可以参照(《黄藤中黄藤素提取工艺优选研究》,陈鸿平,程贝,刘友平,彭成,成都中医药大学,2011年12月15日)中公开的提取方法进行黄藤素的提取。
所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,将组合物与日粮按0.03∶1的质量比混合,对山羊进行喂食。
实施例3
一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:黄藤25kg、蒲公英23kg、土茯苓23kg、柴胡15kg、山药25kg、金银花23kg、大青叶23kg、龙胆草15kg。
所述的黄藤,其黄藤茎和黄藤根的质量比为2∶1。
所述胶囊剂的制备方法,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,粉碎,得中药粉,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将黄藤提取剂和中药粉混匀,再用甲基纤维素或海藻酸盐类或聚乙烯醇或变性明胶制备的空胶囊进行包裹,制备成胶囊剂。
所述的黄藤提取剂,可以参照(《黄藤中黄藤素提取工艺优选研究》,陈鸿平,程贝,刘友平,彭成,成都中医药大学,2011年12月15日)中公开的提取方法进行黄藤素的提取。
所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,将组合物与日粮按0.02∶1的质量比混合,对山羊进行喂食。
实施例4
一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:黄藤20kg、蒲公英30kg、土茯苓15kg、柴胡20kg、山药20kg、金银花3kg、大青叶15kg、龙胆草20kg。
所述的黄藤,其黄藤茎和黄藤根的质量比为2∶1.2。
所述丸剂的制备方法,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,粉碎,得中药粉,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将中药粉和黄藤提取剂混合,加入总量的20~30%的预胶化淀粉,再用75%的乙醇浸润,通过造粒机造粒,制成颗粒,过筛,得丸剂。
所述的黄藤提取剂,可以参照(《黄藤中黄藤素提取工艺优选研究》,陈鸿平,程贝,刘友平,彭成,成都中医药大学,2011年12月15日)中公开的提取方法进行黄藤素的提取。
所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,将组合物与日粮按0.03∶1的质量比混合,对山羊进行喂食。
实施例5
一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:黄藤19kg、蒲公英14kg、土茯苓1kg、柴胡kg、山药kg、金银花14kg、大青叶14kg、龙胆草9kg。
所述的黄藤,其黄藤茎和黄藤根的质量比为2∶1.2。
将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,加水熬煮,过滤,将滤液浓缩,将浓缩液和乙醇按1∶5的质量比混合,加热至45℃,回流180min,回收乙醇后,再加入浓缩液质量3倍量的丙酮,浸提8h,回收丙酮,得残余液,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将残余液和黄藤提取剂混合,再加入单糖调节混合溶液含糖量为10~20%,混匀得口服液。
所述的黄藤提取剂,可以参照(《黄藤中黄藤素提取工艺优选研究》,陈鸿平,程贝,刘友平,彭成,成都中医药大学,2011年12月15日)中公开的提取方法进行黄藤素的提取。
所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,将组合物与日粮按0.02∶1的质量比混合,对山羊进行喂食。
实施例6
一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:黄藤31、蒲公英31、土茯苓31、柴胡21、山药31、金银花31、大青叶31、龙胆草21。
所述的黄藤,其黄藤茎和黄藤根的质量比为2∶1.2。
将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,粉碎,得中药粉,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将中药粉和黄藤提取剂混合,加入总量的20~30%的预胶化淀粉,再用75%的乙醇浸润,通过造粒机造粒,制成颗粒,过筛,得丸剂。
所述的黄藤提取剂,可以参照(《黄藤中黄藤素提取工艺优选研究》,陈鸿平,程贝,刘友平,彭成,成都中医药大学,2011年12月15日)中公开的提取方法进行黄藤素的提取。
所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,将组合物与日粮按0.03∶1的质量比混合,对山羊进行喂食。
实验例
1、随机选取若干头年龄、健康状况、发病情况、进食情况相同的奶牛,其中病牛和健康奶牛各占一半,将健康牛随机分为7组,采用日常管理方式进行喂养,且均由同一人进行喂养,不同之处在于,在7组奶牛日粮中分别添加本发明实施例1~7的组合物,对奶牛的发病率进行统计,其中组合物的添加量相同,结果如表2所示;
表2
项目 | 发病率% |
实施例1 | 2.2 |
实施例2 | 2.3 |
实施例3 | 2 |
实施例4 | 2.1 |
实施例5 | 2.6 |
实施例6 | 3.1 |
说明:实施例5和实施例6是不在本发明的优选的配方范围之内的,分别将实施例5和实施例6按同样的方法喂食山羊,在相同的观察时间范围内,实施例5~6对山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的预防效果是劣于本发明的配方范围内制备的组合物的疗效的。
2、对山羊的临床研究实验
a、血清测试方法:
材料:准备赫德逊凹玻板或一块清洁无油脂玻璃板,平板凝集抗原,被检血清,已知阴性和阳性血清,0.2mL吸管或微量加样器,牙签或细铁丝。
操作方法:在方形洁净的玻璃板上,划成25个方格,横数5格,纵数5格,第一列各格写下血清号码,用0.2mL吸管按下列剂量加受检血清于任何一行的各格中:第一格0.08mL,第二格0.04mL,第三格0.02mL,第四格0.01mL。加平板凝集抗原0.03mL于各血清格中,用牙签或细铁丝混合,由血清量最小的格混起,每份血清用一根牙签混合即可,用后烧毁;若用细铁丝混合时,每份血清混合后用酒精棉球擦净,然后再用作另一份血清,匀后将玻璃板置于酒精灯火焰或凝集反应箱上,均匀加温,使其达到30℃左右,5min内记录反映结果。
按下列标准用加号记录反应强度:
++++:出现大的凝榘片或小的粒状物,液体完全透明.100%凝集。
+++:有明显的凝集片,液体几乎完全透明.7J%凝集。
++:有可见的凝集片,液体不甚透明,50%凝集。
+:液体混浊,只有少量粒状物,25%凝集。
一:液体均匀混浊。
2、试验方法:随机选取两块养殖规模相同的山羊场,对场地进行消毒,自然放置一周后,每个场地新进山羊300头,进行常规养殖,两块场地的山羊均由同一人饲养,不同之处在于,第一块场地的山羊在日粮中添加本发明的组合物,第二块不添加,试验时间为6个月,分别对两块场地的山羊进行布鲁氏杆菌病的血清测试,第一块场地的山羊的血清测试中,没有出现阳性的血清抗体,第二块场地的山羊的血清测试中,阴性的血清抗体率为36%,本实验说明本发明组合物对布鲁氏杆菌病具有显著的预防作用。
Claims (7)
1.一种预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,其特征在于,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:黄藤20~30、蒲公英15~30、土茯苓15~30、柴胡10~20、山药20~30、金银花15~30、大青叶15~30、龙胆草10~20;
所述组合物制备成口服液、片剂、胶囊剂或者丸剂;
所述的黄藤,其黄藤茎和黄藤根的质量比为2∶0.8~1.2。
2.如权利要求1所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,其特征在于,由以下按重量份计的原料组成:黄藤25、蒲公英23、土茯苓23、柴胡15、山药25、金银花25、大青叶24、龙胆草15。
3.如权利要求1所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的口服液制备方法,其特征在于,,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,加水熬煮,过滤,将滤液浓缩,将浓缩液和乙醇按1∶5的质量比混合,加热至45~55℃,回流150~180min,回收乙醇后,再加入浓缩液质量3倍量的丙酮,浸提6~8h,回收丙酮,得残余液,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将残余液和黄藤提取剂混合,再加入单糖调节混合溶液含糖量为10~20%,混匀得口服液;所述的黄藤提取剂,是从黄藤茎和黄藤根中提取的黄藤素。
4.如权利要求1所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的片剂制备方法,其特征在于,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,粉碎,加水煎煮成含水量为15~20%的浸膏,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将浸膏和黄藤提取剂混合,加入浸膏质量的15~20%的可压性淀粉,再加入总量的0.5%的硬脂酸镁混匀,通过压片机压制成片,得片剂;所述的黄藤提取剂,是从黄藤茎和黄藤根中提取的黄藤素。
5.如权利要求1所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的胶囊剂制备方法,其特征在于,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,粉碎,得中药粉,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将黄藤提取剂和中药粉混匀,再用甲基纤维素或海藻酸盐类或聚乙烯醇或变性明胶制备的空胶囊进行包裹,制备成胶囊剂;所述的黄藤提取剂,是从黄藤茎和黄藤根中提取的黄藤素。
6.如权利要求1所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的丸剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述丸剂的制备方法,是将蒲公英、土茯苓、柴胡、山药、金银花、大青叶、龙胆草按配方量称取,粉碎,得中药粉,再将黄藤进行提取,得黄藤提取剂,将中药粉和黄藤提取剂混合,加入总量的20~30%的预胶化淀粉,再用75%的乙醇浸润,通过造粒机造粒,制成颗粒,过筛,得丸剂;所述的黄藤提取剂,是从黄藤茎和黄藤根中提取的黄藤素。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的预防山羊布鲁氏杆菌病的组合物,其特征在于,将组合物与日粮按0.01~0.03∶1的质量比混合,对山羊进行喂食。
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