CN106818897A - 一种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂及制法与应用 - Google Patents

一种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂及制法与应用 Download PDF

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CN106818897A
CN106818897A CN201611256936.6A CN201611256936A CN106818897A CN 106818897 A CN106818897 A CN 106818897A CN 201611256936 A CN201611256936 A CN 201611256936A CN 106818897 A CN106818897 A CN 106818897A
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李风浪
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Dongguan Lianzhou Intellectual Property Operation and Management Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂及制法与应用，该防治蓟马的超低容量液剂以生物药物、植物源药和化学药物复配为有效成分，其余用表面活性剂、增效剂、渗透剂和溶剂补足100％。本发明防治蓟马的超低容量液剂制法简便，费用低廉，适用于超低容量喷雾或超低容量静电喷雾，用于防治农作物、花卉及林果中的蓟马，不仅能够延缓抗性，获得增效作用，显著提高对蓟马的防治效果，而且具有省工省药、环境污染小、抗雨性能强、持效期长、不受水源限制等优点。

Description

一种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂及制法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于害虫防治技术领域，涉及一种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂及制法与应用。
背景技术
在害虫综合治理中，农药防治仍是最普遍采用的措施，但传统的农药喷雾作业虽有效却效率低下，我国每年有数以亿吨的药液喷洒到农田，在提高农产品产量的同时，也让环境承受着巨大的压力。如何合理有效地使用农药，使有限的农药发挥更大的作用，同时减少环境污染是我们密切关注的问题。
为了克服常规喷雾法的效率低、污染环境、用水量多及费劳力等缺点，超低容量液剂将喷雾法推向一个新领域。超低容量液剂是通过筛选挥发性低、闪点高、对原药溶解性好、对作物药害低、粘度低的溶剂，施药时不兑水，而是用超低容量喷雾器械直接施用。超低容量喷雾由于雾滴中不含高挥发性成分，雾滴细小而均匀，从离开喷雾器械到达靶标过程中没有明显变化，减少了挥发与飘逸，显著提高了沉积量。由于无需兑水施用，超低容量液剂适合用于水源缺乏、病虫害暴发性大面积发生且须短时间内大范围施药的场合，同时超低容量喷雾极大的降低操作者的劳动强度。国内外试用超低容量法防治水稻、棉花、花生与果树等方面的病虫害，取得了良好的效果。
蓟马是缨翅目昆虫的统称，目前全世界己记述的蓟马达5500余种，它个体小，行动敏捷，能飞善跳，多生活在植物花中以其成虫和若虫的锉吸式口器取食花粉和花蜜，或以植物的嫩梢、叶片及果实为生，还可传播植物病毒，成为农作物、花卉及林果的一害。
在我国许多地区均有蓟马严重为害的报道，但防治蓟马的工作难度较大，因为它们经常是藏在花朵和花苞中，尤其对于下到新叶、花瓣和花茎实质细胞中的卵子，以及藏在较昏暗的地方诸如地面、花盆底部等处的蛹虫来讲，使用常规喷雾法很难处理到，只有一定细度的雾滴才能被捕获并产生有效的致毒作用。
鉴于此，将防治蓟马的药剂复配成超低容量液剂，不仅能够延缓抗性，获得增效作用，尤其是药剂雾滴细小而均匀，抗雨性能强，持效期长，能够显著提高对蓟马的防治效果，与大容量、淋洗式喷雾相比，可以显著减少施药量，降低环境压力，减少资源浪费，提高施药工效。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述技术存在的问题，提供一种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂，该防治蓟马的超低容量液剂具有杀虫效率和施药工效高，环境污染小，抗雨性能强，持效期长的优点。
本发明的另一目的提供上述防治蓟马的超低容量液剂的制法与应用。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂，以生物药物、植物源药和化学药物复配为活性成分，其余用助剂和溶剂补足100％，所述生物药物为多杀霉素、乙基多杀菌素、阿维菌素中的任意一种，所述植物源药为黎芦碱、除虫菊素、苦参碱、鱼藤酮、印楝素中的一种或两种以上的组合物，所述化学药物为噻虫嗪、噻虫啉、吡虫啉、啶虫咪、烯啶虫胺、苯恶威、抗蚜威、灭多威、仲丁威、异丙威、苯氧威、丁硫克百威、杀螟丹、杀虫双、喹硫磷、马拉硫磷、乙酰甲胺磷、联苯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氢菊酯、吡蚜酮、氟虫腈中的一种或两种以上的组合物。
优选的，所述生物药物、植物源药、化学药物、表面活性剂占所述防治蓟马的超低容量液剂的质量百分比依次为0.5％-15％、0.5％-15％、5％-30％、1％-10％，溶剂补足至100％。
优选的，所述助剂包括表面活性剂、增效剂和渗透剂，所述表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚、苄基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油环氧乙烷加成物、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、N-甲基脂肪酰基牛磺酸盐、脂肪醇硫酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐中的一种或一种以上的组合，所述增效剂为增效磷、增效矾、胡椒基丁醚的中一种或一种以上的组合，所述渗透剂为氮酮、噻酮中的一种或其组合。
优选的，所述溶剂为甲基萘、2-甲基萘、三甲苯、邻二氯苯、四甲苯、二乙苯、甲基丙基苯、丁苯、甲氧基甲苯、苄基甲基醚、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酚、大豆油、环氧大豆油、棉籽油、菜籽油、玉米油、蓖麻油、二线油、清油、松节油、丁醇油、油酸甲酯、油酸乙酯、α-甲基苯乙烯、苯乙酮、苯甲醇、环己酮、丁酮、苯甲醇、二甲亚砜、环丁砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、正己醇、正辛醇、异戊醇、醋酸仲丁酯、松油醇中的一种或一种以上的组合。
本发明的防治蓟马的超低容量液剂的制法是，在常温常压下，将活性成分和溶剂投入带搅拌的反应容器中，待溶剂将活性成分搅拌溶解后，加入助剂，充分搅拌，使其混合均匀，得到防治蓟马的超低容量液剂。
具体的，所述搅拌的速度控制为50-150转/分钟，加入助剂后的搅拌时间为10-60分钟。
本发明的防治蓟马的超低容量液剂的应用是，根据蓟马发生的情况，按50-150ga.i./hm2的施用量，防治农作物、花卉及林果中的蓟马。
具体的，所述施用的方法为超低容量喷雾或超低容量静电喷雾。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)协同增效：本发明的防治蓟马的超低容量液剂以生物药物、植物源药和化学药物复配为有效成分，能够获得协同增效作用，延缓抗性，显著提高对蓟马的防治效果。
(2)药效高，持效期长：超低容量液剂直接将药剂喷雾，单位喷雾液剂的活性成分含量高，有利于提高药效，而且采用低挥发性油作溶剂，抗雨性能强，持效期长，从而减少用药次数，降低农用成本。
(3)工效高：通过使用超低容量喷雾或超低容量静电喷雾，可以大幅度提高效率，提高工效数倍至数十倍，降低人工成本，有效减低劳动强度，能及时有效的防治爆发性蓟马。
(4)环境污染小：超低容量液剂的雾滴细小而均匀，与大容量、淋洗式喷雾相比，可以显著减少施药量，降低环境压力，减少资源浪费。
(5)节省农药：与常规喷雾相比，一般可节省农药30％以上。
(6)省水：超低容量液剂在喷雾的过程中几乎不用加水勾兑，而是直接喷洒药剂，直达蓟马靶标，方便远离水源和干旱缺水地区施药。
(7)本发明所述超低容量液剂的制法和应用，操作简便，便于推广，费用低廉。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例对本发明的上述内容作进一步详细说明，但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例。在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下，本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容，适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是，所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，它们都被视为包括在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
本发明的防治蓟马的超低容量液剂的制法是，在常温常压下，将活性成分和溶剂投入带搅拌的反应容器中，控制搅拌速度为50-150转/分钟，待溶剂将活性成分搅拌溶解后，加入助剂，搅拌10-60分钟，使其混合均匀，得到防治蓟马的超低容量液剂。
以下实施例的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例2
实施例3
实施例4
实施例5
实施例6
实施例7
田间药效试验
试验地点：南宁市五塘镇某水稻田
供试药剂：实施例1～6的6种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂
防治对象：水稻田蓟马
施药方法：超低容量喷雾
施药量：100ga.i./hm2
表1防治水稻田蓟马的田间药效试验结果。
从上表1可以看出，本发明的防治蓟马的超低容量液剂采用超低容量喷雾方法防治水稻田蓟马相比常规喷雾速效性强、防治效果好、持效期较长。

Claims (8)

1.一种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂，其特征在于：该防治蓟马的超低容量液剂以生物药物、植物源药和化学药物复配为活性成分，其余用助剂和溶剂补足100％，所述生物药物为多杀霉素、乙基多杀菌素、阿维菌素中的任意一种，所述植物源药为黎芦碱、除虫菊素、苦参碱、鱼藤酮、印楝素中的一种或两种以上的组合物，所述化学药物为噻虫嗪、噻虫啉、吡虫啉、啶虫咪、烯啶虫胺、苯恶威、抗蚜威、灭多威、仲丁威、异丙威、苯氧威、丁硫克百威、杀螟丹、杀虫双、喹硫磷、马拉硫磷、乙酰甲胺磷、联苯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氢菊酯、吡蚜酮、氟虫腈中的一种或两种以上的组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治蓟马的超低容量液剂，其特征在于：所述生物药物、植物源药、化学药物、表面活性剂占所述防治蓟马的超低容量液剂的质量百分比依次为0.5％-15％、0.5％-15％、5％-30％、1％-10％，溶剂补足至100％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治蓟马的超低容量液剂，其特征在于：所述助剂包括表面活性剂、增效剂和渗透剂，所述表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚、苄基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油环氧乙烷加成物、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、N-甲基脂肪酰基牛磺酸盐、脂肪醇硫酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐中的一种或一种以上的组合，所述增效剂为增效磷、增效矾、胡椒基丁醚的中一种或一种以上的组合，所述渗透剂为氮酮、噻酮中的一种或其组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防治蓟马的超低容量液剂，其特征在于：所述溶剂为甲基萘、2-甲基萘、三甲苯、邻二氯苯、四甲苯、二乙苯、甲基丙基苯、丁苯、甲氧基甲苯、苄基甲基醚、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酚、大豆油、环氧大豆油、棉籽油、菜籽油、玉米油、蓖麻油、二线油、清油、松节油、丁醇油、油酸甲酯、油酸乙酯、α-甲基苯乙烯、苯乙酮、苯甲醇、环己酮、丁酮、苯甲醇、二甲亚砜、环丁砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、正己醇、正辛醇、异戊醇、醋酸仲丁酯、松油醇中的一种或一种以上的组合。
5.一种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂的制法，其特征在于：在常温常压下，将活性成分和溶剂投入带搅拌的反应容器中，待溶剂将活性成分搅拌溶解后，加入助剂，充分搅拌，使其混合均匀，得到防治蓟马的超低容量液剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防治蓟马的超低容量液剂的制法，其特征在于：所述搅拌的速度控制为50-150转/分钟，加入助剂后的搅拌时间为10-60分钟。
7.一种防治蓟马的超低容量液剂的应用，其特征在于：根据蓟马发生的情况，按50-150ga.i./hm2的施用量，防治农作物、花卉及林果中的蓟马。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防治蓟马的超低容量液剂的应用，其特征在于：所述施用的方法为超低容量喷雾或超低容量静电喷雾。
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