CN106814166A - Evaluate the experimental provision and method of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling - Google Patents
Evaluate the experimental provision and method of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of experimental provision and method for evaluating gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling, device includes autoclave, high/low temperature insulating box and gas control system, back pressure Load Relief System and data collecting system, autoclave inner chamber is provided with middle baffle and side baffle, and side baffle side is provided with fluid overflow channel；Autoclave top sets enterprising gas port and venthole, bottom set lower air inlet, and enterprising gas port, lower air inlet are connected with gas control system respectively, and venthole is connected with back pressure Load Relief System.Drilling fluid system of the present invention for natural gas hydrate stratum drilling well, frozen soil drilling well and marine drilling, under the conditions of different temperatures, pressure and fluid overflow channel, the decomposition gas or shallow gas of hydrate enter in mineshaft annulus and form hydrate in simulation drilling cuttings or stratum, and then influence and drilling fluid of the Simulation annular circulation passage to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior suppress the ability of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior.
Description
Technical field
It is particularly a kind of to evaluate gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling the present invention relates to construction of natural gas fields field
Experimental provision and method.
Background technology
Gas hydrates are crystallized like ice and snow shape with cage structure with hydrocarbon gas molecular composition by hydrone
Compound, with energy density it is high, distribution is wide, reserves are big the features such as, be a kind of very promising new energy and alternative energy source, and
Referred to as " combustible ice " or " solid gas ".The guest molecule of gas hydrates is mainly methane, when first in guest molecule
Hydrate can be referred to as methane hydrate when alkane amount is more than 99%.
Gas hydrates are distributed widely in the deposit of polar region permafrost region and sea-bottom shallow, the natural Gas content of storage
Considerably beyond known gas reserves.But, gas hydrates are also to natural gas line conveying, oil gas drilling development operation
Bring certain harm.In oil gas drilling development process, due to shallow gas invasion that may be present in upper formation and brill
Meet hydrate formation when drilling cuttings or borehole wall stratum in decomposition of hydrate so that hydrocarbon gas that may be present exist in drilling well annular space
When ring air temperature reaches Investigation On The Hydrate Formation Conditions with pressure condition, the area of the fluid flow restrictions in annular space is often more likely to
Domain forms hydrate, then with the growth and aggregation of these hydrate particles, so that the flowing of fluid in annular space is hindered, or even
Blocking is produced, this just produces different degrees of harm to drilling process.
At present, the domestic gas hydrate synthesis in gas sparging uphill process under liquid environment possess some special knowledge, but also
Without the gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior for bubble in rising delay process (in the conventional deep water hydrocarbon drilling process of simulation
Enter pit shaft ring because of drilling cuttings or stratum decomposition of hydrate during the natural gas bubble of intrusion mineshaft annulus or hydrate drilling
The rising delay process of empty gas bubbles) correlative study.Therefore, developing can receive to bubble in drilling well annular space in rising
The device that gas hydrate synthesis are evaluated with Assembling Behavior during resistance, especially Simulation annular circulation passage is to the hydration
Thing forms the influence with Assembling Behavior, particularly important with the exploration and development of gas hydrates for oil gas.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for deficiencies of the prior art, there is provided one kind evaluates deep water
The experimental provision and method of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in drilling well, in different temperatures, pressure and fluid overflow channel condition
The decomposition gas or shallow gas of hydrate enter in mineshaft annulus and form hydrate in Imitating drilling cuttings or stratum, and then evaluate mould
Influence and drilling fluid of the near-ring idle loop passage to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior suppress gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior
Ability, and the agent of drilling fluid relevant treatment and hydrate inhibitor are subject to preferably using the experimental provision, and then be natural gas
The exploitation of hydrate, land-based area frozen soil and deepwater petroleum exploration provides technical support.
The present invention is for the solution technical scheme that is used of above-mentioned technical problem：
Evaluate the experimental provision of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling, including autoclave, high/low temperature perseverance
Incubator, and gas control system, back pressure Load Relief System and data collecting system, wherein：Autoclave is positioned over high/low temperature
In insulating box, autoclave both sides are provided with the first transparent window, the second transparent window, the first transparent window, second transparent
Window both sides are lined with gasket seal, and the first transparent window, the second transparent window and its both sides sealing pad connect through kettle and consolidate
Determine bolt and be fixed on the outer both sides of autoclave, wherein the second transparent window is main watch window, supplemented by the first transparent window
Help observation and lighting window；Autoclave inner chamber is provided with middle baffle and side baffle, and middle baffle is the thin gold of a round shape
Category block, a sealing ring is cased with the middle part of sliding channel groove of autoclave inner chamber, and the sealing ring connects with autoclave inner wall sealing
Touch, there is a circular hole at middle baffle center, side baffle is a laminar baffle, and side baffle passes through baffle fixing bolt and the circle
The cooperation in hole is fixed on middle baffle, and the side that side baffle is located at the second transparent window is provided with fluid overflow channel, is used for
The gas entered for autoclave bottom passes through, wherein simulation annular circulation passage is by autoclave lower lumen, side
The fluid overflow channel of baffle is constituted with autoclave upper lumen；
Autoclave top is provided with an enterprising gas port and venthole, and autoclave bottom is entered under being provided with one
Gas port, enterprising gas port, lower air inlet are connected by pressure duct with gas control system respectively, venthole by gas exhaust piping with
Back pressure Load Relief System is connected, and data collecting system includes temperature sensor, pressure sensor, data acquisition signal line and calculating
Machine, temperature sensor is installed on autoclave bottom, and pressure sensor is installed at autoclave top vent, temperature
Sensor, pressure sensor are connected by data acquisition signal line with computer.
By such scheme, the gas control system includes source of the gas, surge tank, pressure regulator valve, first pressure table, second pressure
Table, the first needle-valve, the second needle-valve, the 3rd needle-valve, the 4th needle-valve and pressure duct, wherein source of the gas are passed through successively by pressure duct
Cross first pressure table and the first needle-valve accesses surge tank, surge tank sequentially passes through second pressure table, second by pressure duct again
Needle-valve, pressure regulator valve, access the lower air inlet of autoclave bottom by the 3rd needle-valve respectively, and high pressure is accessed by the 4th needle-valve
Enterprising gas port at the top of reactor.
By such scheme, the back pressure Load Relief System includes the blast pipe being connected with the venthole at the top of autoclave
Road, valve and back-pressure valve, valve and back-pressure valve are arranged on gas exhaust piping.
By such scheme, the autoclave mainly include reaction kettle body, reactor upper end cover, reactor bottom end cover,
First transparent window, the second transparent window, transparent window end cap, the wherein middle baffle and side baffle of inner chamber, reactor
Upper and lower end cap is realized being tightly connected with reaction kettle body top and bottom respectively by sealing ring with screw thread.
By such scheme, the autoclave lower sides are provided with an aperture, and temperature sensor is inserted in the aperture.
By such scheme, the first transparent window of the high/low temperature insulating box both sides, the second transparent window are arranged on both sides
Can be on open type side door.
Present invention also offers one kind by gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in above-mentioned experimental provision evaluation deepwater drilling
Method, comprise the following steps：
(1) will be in drilling fluid and required gas feeding autoclave, pressure and temperature is to setting in regulation autoclave
Definite value maintains a period of time with simulation stratum condition；
(2) control to enter the bubbling rate of gas reactor, experimentation by autoclave bottom by adjusting pressure regulator valve
Middle bubble rises the simulation being obstructed, and has different fluid flow channels area with replacing by baffle in the middle of autoclave inner chamber
Autoclave inner chamber side baffle with shape is realized；
(3) Real-time Collection autoclave internal temperature and pressure data, and consider autoclave inner chamber side every
The situation of shelves different fluid flow channels area and shape, by temperature, pressure and the transparency window of autoclave side second
Bubble coalescence and post-hydration thing are formed and change with time situation come the decomposition gas of hydrate in simulating drilling cuttings or stratum at mouthful
Body or shallow gas enter hydrate are formed in mineshaft annulus, and then Simulation annular circulation passage is to gas hydrate synthesis and aggregation
The influence of behavior and drilling fluid suppress the ability of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior.
By such scheme, the decomposition gas or shallow gas that hydrate in drilling cuttings or stratum is simulated in the step (3) enter
Form hydrate in mineshaft annulus, so influence of the Simulation annular circulation passage to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior and
Drilling fluid suppresses the ability of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior, and the process is comprised the following steps that：
A. the installation of experimental provision and air-leakage test：The valve closed on back pressure Load Relief System, opens source of the gas to high pressure
Required gas boosting is passed through in reactor to after 10MPa, pressurize is observed 10 hours, check all needle-valves, valve, gas piping and
The air-tightness of autoclave, checking experiment device whether there is leakage；
B. the purging of pipeline and autoclave：After checking experiment device is without leakage, 0.5L is loaded in autoclave
Drilling fluid；Open the first needle-valve of valve and the gas control system of back pressure Load Relief System, the second needle-valve, the 3rd needle-valve and the
Four needle-valves, then turn on source of the gas using methane gas scavenging pipeline and autoclave, it is ensured that autoclave and connecting line
Interior no other gases；
C. the preparation before experiment starts：Start high/low temperature insulating box and set cooling temperature, start cooling；Treat that temperature is down to
The design temperature of simulation stratum condition and keep balance after, open computer, remembered by pressure sensor temperature Sensor monitoring
Temperature and pressure in record autoclave；The 3rd needle-valve is closed, source of the gas and the first needle-valve, the second needle-valve, the 4th pin is opened
Valve, from enterprising gas port to gas is passed through in autoclave, makes pressure in autoclave reach certain value, is then shut off source of the gas
And first needle-valve, the second needle-valve, the 4th needle-valve；
D. after completing above-mentioned work, opening source of the gas makes supply gas pressure open the first needle-valve after reaching certain value, and gas enters
Surge tank is lowered the temperature；The 3rd needle-valve is closed, the valve in the second needle-valve, the 4th needle-valve and back pressure Load Relief System is opened and is adjusted
Section back-pressure valve coordinates source of the gas control autoclave internal pressure；Regulation pressure regulator valve, closes the 4th needle-valve, opens the 3rd needle-valve,
Now the gas in surge tank sequentially passes through the second needle-valve, pressure regulator valve and the 3rd needle-valve, by entering under autoclave bottom
Gas port enters in autoclave in drilling fluid, and gas sparging speed is controlled by by pressure regulator valve；
E. by the second transparent window of autoclave side, bubble is looked first at by autoclave inner chamber side
The situation of baffle flow channels；Secondly elapse over time, drilling fluid and gas above observation autoclave inner chamber side baffle
Gas hydrate synthesis situation at body interface；Finally carry out bubble coalescence and the follow-up observation for suppressing gas hydrate synthesis：Observation bubble exists
The formational situation of middle baffle and the aggregation of side baffle lower section and follow-up hydrate herein, for different temperatures, pressure with
And side baffle area of passage condition, the decomposition gas or shallow gas of hydrate enter in mineshaft annulus in simulation drilling cuttings or stratum
Hydrate is formed, and then influence and drilling fluid of the Simulation annular circulation passage to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior suppress
The ability of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1st, the present invention can simulate drilling cuttings under different temperatures, pressure and different fluid flow channels area and shape conditions
Or in stratum hydrate decomposition gas or shallow gas enter mineshaft annulus in form hydrate, and then Simulation annular circulation
Influence and drilling fluid of the passage to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior suppress the ability of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior, pass through
Transparent window intuitively observes corresponding hydrate formation in drilling fluid, so as to simulation annular space is followed under the conditions of realizing larger volume
Influence and various drilling fluid of the ring passage to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior suppress the energy of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior
The evaluation of power, and the agent of various drilling fluid relevant treatments and hydrate inhibitor are subject to preferably；
2nd, the regulation that can realize gas sparging speed in experimental provision by pressure regulator valve is controlled, and has not cocurrent flow by changing
Body flow channels area can realize that bubble rises the simulation being obstructed, experiment dress with the autoclave inner chamber side baffle of shape
It is that can rise hydrate formation under the conditions of being obstructed by bubble preferably in simulation down-hole annular to put one of main feature；Two
It is convenient pressure and temperature control；Three be simple and reliable system architecture, easy to operate, assay reproducibility is strong；
3rd, research is designed suitable for the drilling fluid system of natural gas hydrate stratum drilling well, frozen soil drilling well and marine drilling,
All there is important economic and social benefit for China's hydrate and conventional oil and gas resource exploration exploitation；
4th, research can be additionally used in the hydrate scientific experiment of related scientific research institutes and research, and be oil drilling and geology
Exploration relevant enterprise provides the device and technological service of drilling fluid test with scientific research institutions
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the experimental provision that the present invention evaluates gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling；
In Fig. 1,1. first pressure table；2. the first needle-valve；3. high/low temperature insulating box；4. the second needle-valve；5. pressure regulator valve (air inlet
Speed regulation valve)；6. the 3rd needle-valve；7. the 4th needle-valve；8. autoclave；9. enterprising gas port；10. venthole；11. valves；
12. pressure sensors；13. back-pressure valves；14. sources of the gas；15. surge tanks；16. second pressure tables；17. kettle fixing bolts；18.
One transparent window；19. times air inlets；Baffle in the middle of 20. reactor inner chambers；21. baffle fixing bolts；22. reactor lumen sides
Side baffle；23. second transparent windows；24. temperature sensors；25. computers；
Fig. 2 is three differential responses kettle inner chambers side baffle schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the pressure history figure in reactor under the conditions of the different sides baffle of three groups of reactor inner chamber；
Fig. 4 is situation of the gas bubbles by reactor inner chamber side baffle flow channels；
Fig. 5 is initial hydrate forming position in kettle under the conditions of the different sides baffle of three groups of reactor inner chamber and form contrast
Figure；
Fig. 6 be under the conditions of the different sides baffle of three groups of reactor inner chamber second in kettle at gas hydrate synthesis position and form pair
Than figure；
Fig. 7 is that bubble coalescence and post-hydration thing form the feelings that change with time under the conditions of reactor inner chamber side baffle A
Condition；
Fig. 8 is that bubble coalescence and post-hydration thing form the feelings that change with time under the conditions of reactor inner chamber side baffle B
Condition；
Fig. 9 is that bubble coalescence and post-hydration thing form the feelings that change with time under the conditions of reactor inner chamber side baffle C
Condition.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to principle of the invention and feature further description, example is served only for illustrating this
Invention, and non-limiting range of application of the invention.
As shown in figure 1, the experiment for evaluating gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling described in the embodiment of the present invention
Device, including offer drilling fluid carries out reacting the autoclave 8 to form hydrate with natural gas, there is provided temperature ring needed for reaction
The high/low temperature insulating box 3 in border, and gas control system, back pressure Load Relief System and data collecting system, wherein：Autoclave
8 are positioned in high/low temperature insulating box 3, and the both sides of autoclave 8 are provided with the first transparent window 18, the second transparent window 23, the
One transparent window 18, the both sides of the second transparent window 23 are lined with gasket seal, the first transparent window 18, the second transparent window 23 and its
Both sides sealing pad connects through 8 kettle fixing bolts 17 and is fixed on the outer both sides of autoclave 8, wherein the second transparent window
23 is main watch window, and the first transparent window 18 is auxiliary observation and lighting window；The inner chamber of autoclave 8 is provided with centre
Baffle 20 and side baffle 22, middle baffle 20 is the thin metal derby of a round shape, is covered on the inner chamber middle part of sliding channel groove of autoclave 8
There is a sealing ring, the sealing ring is contacted with the inner wall sealing of autoclave 8, there are a circular hole, side baffle in the center of middle baffle 20
22 is a laminar baffle, and side baffle 22 is fixed on middle baffle 20 by the cooperation of baffle fixing bolt 22 and the circular hole
On, side baffle 22 is provided with the fluid overflow channel of certain area positioned at the side of the second transparent window 23, for anti-for high pressure
The gas for answering the bottom of kettle 8 to enter passes through, wherein simulation annular circulation passage is by autoclave lower lumen, the stream of side baffle
Body flow channels are constituted with autoclave upper lumen；
The top of autoclave 8 is provided with an enterprising gas port 9 and venthole 10, and the bottom of autoclave 8 is provided with one
Individual lower air inlet 19, enterprising gas port 9, lower air inlet 19 are connected by pressure duct with gas control system respectively, venthole 10
It is connected with back pressure Load Relief System by gas exhaust piping, data collecting system includes temperature sensor 24, pressure sensor 12, data
Collection holding wire and computer 25, temperature sensor 24 are installed on the bottom of autoclave 8, and pressure sensor 12 is installed on height
At the pressure top vent 10 of reactor 8, temperature sensor 24, pressure sensor 12 pass through data acquisition signal line and computer 25
It is connected.
Gas control system include source of the gas 14, surge tank 15, pressure regulator valve (intake velocity controlling valve) 5, first pressure table 1,
Second pressure table 16, the first needle-valve 2, the second needle-valve 4, the 3rd needle-valve 6, the 4th needle-valve 7 and pressure duct, wherein source of the gas 14 lead to
Cross pressure duct sequentially pass through 1 and first needle-valve of first pressure table 2 access surge tank 15, surge tank 15 again by pressure duct according to
It is secondary by second pressure table 16, the second needle-valve 4, pressure regulator valve (intake velocity controlling valve) 5, height is accessed by the 3rd needle-valve 6 respectively
The lower air inlet 19 of pressure reactor 8 bottom, the enterprising gas port 9 at the top of autoclave 8 is accessed by the 4th needle-valve 7.Source of the gas 14
In gas sequentially pass through 1 and first needle-valve of first pressure table 2 enter surge tank 15 in, then gas sequentially passes through the second pressure again
Power table 16, the second needle-valve 4, intake velocity controlling valve (pressure regulator valve) 5), then respectively through the 3rd needle-valve 6 and autoclave 8
The lower air inlet 19 of bottom enters in autoclave 8, and by the 4th needle-valve 7 and the enterprising gas port 9 at the top of reactor 8
Into in reactor 8.
Gas exhaust piping that back pressure Load Relief System includes being connected with the venthole 10 at the top of autoclave 8, valve 11 and
Back-pressure valve 13, valve 11 and back-pressure valve 13 are arranged on gas exhaust piping.Experiment carry out during with back pressure off-load when, high pressure is anti-
Venthole 10, gas exhaust piping, valve 11 and the back-pressure valve 13 for answering gas in kettle 8 to sequentially pass through the top of autoclave 8 are discharged
Experimental provision.
Autoclave 8 mainly include reaction kettle body, reactor upper end cover, reactor bottom end cover, the first transparent window 18,
Second transparent window 23, transparent window end cap, the wherein middle baffle 20 and side baffle 22 of inner chamber, the upper and lower end cap of reactor
Realize with screw thread being tightly connected with reaction kettle body top and bottom respectively by sealing ring.
The lower sides of autoclave 8 are provided with an aperture, and temperature sensor 24 is inserted in the aperture.
What the first transparent window 18 of the both sides of high/low temperature insulating box 3, the second transparent window 23 were arranged on both sides can open type side
Men Shang.Built with drilling fluid, the decomposition gas or shallow gas of hydrate enter well to autoclave 8 in simulation drilling cuttings or stratum
In cylinder annular space, the bubble coalescence at side baffle 22, middle baffle 20 and gas-liquid interface is observed by side transparent window 23
Situation and post-hydration thing formational situation.
The method that gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling are evaluated by above-mentioned experimental provision, including following step
Suddenly：
(1) will drilling fluid and required gas feeding autoclave 8 in, regulation autoclave 8 in pressure and temperature to
Setting value maintains a period of time with simulation stratum condition；
(2) when testing, control to enter kettle by the bottom of autoclave 8 by adjusting pressure regulator valve (intake velocity controlling valve) 5
The bubbling rate of interior gas, bubble rises the simulation be obstructed in experimentation, by baffle 20 in the middle of the inner chamber of autoclave 8 with
Changing, there is different fluid flow channels area to be realized with the inner chamber side baffle 22 of autoclave 8 of shape；
(3) internal temperature of Real-time Collection autoclave 8 and pressure data, and consider the inner chamber side of autoclave 8
The situation of the different fluid flow channels area of baffle 22 and shape, it is saturating by temperature, pressure and the side second of autoclave 8
Bubble coalescence and post-hydration thing are formed and change with time situation come hydrate in simulating drilling cuttings or stratum at bright window 23
Decomposition gas or shallow gas enter in mineshaft annulus and form hydrate, and then Simulation annular circulation passage to gas hydrate synthesis
Influence and drilling fluid with Assembling Behavior suppress the ability of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior.
The decomposition gas or shallow gas of hydrate enter in mineshaft annulus and form water in simulation drilling cuttings or stratum in step (3)
Compound, and then influence and drilling fluid of the Simulation annular circulation passage to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior suppress hydrate
Formed and Assembling Behavior ability, the process comprises the following steps that：
A. the installation of experimental provision and air-leakage test：By each system installation first in the way of Fig. 1, secondly close
Valve 11 on back pressure Load Relief System, opens source of the gas 14 to being passed through in autoclave 8 after methane gas is pressurized to 10MPa, protects
Pressure observation 10 hours, checks the air-tightness of all needle-valves, valve, gas piping and autoclave 8, and checking experiment device whether there is
Leakage；
B. the purging of pipeline (including pressure duct and gas exhaust piping) and autoclave 8：Checking experiment device is without leakage
Afterwards, 0.5L drilling fluids are loaded in autoclave 8；Open the valve 11 and the first of gas control system of back pressure Load Relief System
Needle-valve 2, the second needle-valve 4, the 3rd needle-valve 6 and the 4th needle-valve 7, then turn on source of the gas 14 using methane gas scavenging pipeline and height
Pressure reactor 8, it is ensured that do not have other gases in autoclave 8 and connecting line；
C. the preparation before experiment starts：Start high/low temperature insulating box 3 and set cooling temperature, start cooling；Treat that temperature drops
To simulation stratum condition design temperature and keep balance after, open computer 25, by pressure sensor 12 and TEMP
Temperature and pressure in the monitoring record autoclave 8 of device 24；Close the 3rd needle-valve 6, open the needle-valve 2 of source of the gas 14 and first,
Second needle-valve 4, the 4th needle-valve 7, from enterprising gas port 9, to gas is passed through in autoclave 8, (gas only enters from enterprising gas port 9
In autoclave 8, the purpose of supercharging in bulge test initial stage kettle is realized), pressure in autoclave 8 is reached certain value,
It is then shut off the needle-valve 2 of source of the gas 14 and first, the second needle-valve 4, the 4th needle-valve 7；
D. after completing above-mentioned work, opening source of the gas 14 makes supply gas pressure open the first needle-valve 2 after reaching certain value, and gas enters
Enter surge tank 15 to be lowered the temperature；The 3rd needle-valve 6 is closed, in the second needle-valve 4 of opening, the 4th needle-valve 7 and back pressure Load Relief System
Valve 11 simultaneously adjusts the cooperation control internal pressure of autoclave 8 of source of the gas 14 of back-pressure valve 13；(intake velocity regulates and controls regulation pressure regulator valve
Valve) 5, the 4th needle-valve 7 is closed, the 3rd needle-valve 6 is opened, now the gas in surge tank 15 sequentially passes through the second needle-valve 4, pressure regulator valve
(intake velocity controlling valve) 5 and the 3rd needle-valve 6, is entered in autoclave 8 by the lower air inlet 19 of the bottom of autoclave 8
(gas only enters in autoclave 8 from lower air inlet 19, realizes that gas enters kettle from the bottom of autoclave 8 in drilling fluid
Interior and bubbling experiment purpose), gas sparging speed is controlled by by pressure regulator valve (intake velocity controlling valve) 5；
E. by the second transparent window 23 of the side of autoclave 8, bubble is looked first at by the inner chamber of autoclave 8
The situation of the flow channels of side baffle 22；Secondly elapse over time, drill with ferrule on the observation inner chamber side baffle 22 of autoclave 8
Gas hydrate synthesis situation at well liquid and gas interface；Finally carry out bubble coalescence and the follow-up observation for suppressing gas hydrate synthesis：See
Examine bubble assemble below middle baffle 20 and side baffle 22 and follow-up hydrate herein formational situation, so as to be directed to
Different temperatures, pressure and side baffle area of passage condition, the decomposition gas or shallow-layer of hydrate in simulation drilling cuttings or stratum
Gas enters in mineshaft annulus and forms hydrate, and then Simulation annular circulation passage is to gas hydrate synthesis and the shadow of Assembling Behavior
Sound and drilling fluid suppress the ability of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior.
Reference picture 2, employing three kinds in reactor inner chamber medium position respectively has different flow channels areas and shape
Side baffle 22 (thickness of side baffle 22 is), carry out three groups of experiments, employed in experiment A and circulated with maximum crossing
Road area (about 1.20cm2) side baffle 22 with simplest flow channels form (rectangle), employ tool in experiment B
There is medium flow channels area (about 0.55cm2) with better simply flow channels form (several equal areas and uniform point
The circle of cloth, single circular area is about 0.026cm2) side baffle 22, employed in experiment C and circulated with minimum crossing
Road area (about 0.35cm2) with most complicated flow channels form (several equal areas and equally distributed square, it is single
Area is about 0.0045cm2) side baffle 22.
Shown in reference picture 3, situation is changed over time for pressure in autoclave 8, it is different in three groups of experiments A, B, C
Reactor inner chamber baffle (being made up of from different side baffles 22 baffle 20 in the middle of identical) experiment is generated it is certain not
With influence, contribution therein mostlys come from the side baffle 22 with different fluid flow channels area Yu shape.And for
The aggregation of baffle 20 and the lower section bubble of side baffle 22 being with bubble is by side baffle 22 and departs from rising in the middle of in system, can be with
Will become apparent from these three different sides baffles 22 can produce different influences to the above-mentioned behavior of bubble, as shown in figure 4, experiment A
In the above-mentioned behavioral implications to bubble of maximum flow channels area and most simple flow channels shape it is minimum, and in testing C
Above-mentioned behavioral implications of the minimum flow channels area with most complicated flow channels shape to bubble is maximum.
For the gas hydrate synthesis in experimental provision, also due to crossing on kettle inner side edge baffle 22 is circulated in three groups of experiments
Road area and the difference of shape, cause the feature that initial hydrate is formed at gas-liquid interface in reactor to have differences, such as Fig. 5
Shown, gas-liquid interface lower section there are bubble that is more and being relatively large in diameter during experiment C is observed that from transparent window 23
(relative to experiment A and experiment B), it is hydrate that they are gradated over time.Additionally, elapse over time, for kettle
The gas hydrate synthesis that interior middle baffle 20 nearby occurs for second, as shown in fig. 6, in A is tested, its second hydrate is main
It is formed in the middle of in kettle in the aggregation bubble of the lower section of baffle 20, substantially without shape at the bubble flow channels of side baffle 22
Into；For experiment B and experiment C, except with experiment A it is similar in the kettle in the middle of the is formed in aggregation bubble below baffle 20
Outside secondary hydrate, a number of bubble of populated with is gone back below side baffle 22 in B is tested, and in C is tested not only
Form a certain amount of hydrate at side baffle 22, but also also shape at the inwall of transparent window 23 below side baffle 22
Into there is a small amount of hydrate.
Formation and aggregation situation for hydrate in autoclave 8, the situation in this three groups of experiments is due to kettle inner side
Flow channels area on side baffle 22 has differences with the difference of shape：
1) as shown in fig. 7, in A is tested, there is maximum flow channels face at reactor inner chamber middle part side baffle 22
Product and simplest flow channels shape, due to no gas hydrate synthesis until experiment terminates at the gas passage of side baffle 22
Do not blocked yet, assembled below middle baffle 20 in kettle into the bubble part in autoclave 8, a part is passed through kettle
The gas flow channels of inner side edge baffle 22 continue to rise.After gas-liquid interface is in 3min or so formation hydrates, these
The bubble for continuing to rise by side baffle 22 just starts aggregation and progressively in these gas below this gas-liquid interface hydrate layer
Hydrate film is formed at bubble and the globular interface of water.Cut every 2.5min in 3min to 20.5min this experimental period sections
The video image situation for taking is as shown in Figure 7.At the experimentation initial stage, due to the bubble under the conditions of the excessively stream by side baffle 22
Volume is larger with speed, is collided in accumulation process below gas-liquid interface hydrate layer, and gas therein will escape out simultaneously
Merging is produced, and then hydrate film is formed again at new globular interface of the bubble for being formed with water.Experiment proceeds to 20min or so
When, 8 times air inlets of autoclave 19 completely by these had hydrate film wrap up bubbles cover, when experiment carry out to
During 28min or so, the bubble appearance without hydrate film parcel again in autoclave 8, thus it is speculated that air inlet 19 has been at present for this
It is completely plugged.
2) experiment B is relative to experiment A, and flow channels area is relatively small at reactor inner chamber middle part side baffle 22 and mistake
Circulation road shape is relatively complicated so that bubble assemble below side baffle 22 in the middle part of reactor inner chamber simultaneously gassing
Merge (there are several larger bubbles), the side baffle 22 for bubble by play more obvious inhibition (referring to
Fig. 4 and Fig. 8).The video image situation such as Fig. 8 intercepted every 1min in 10.5min to 17.5min this experimental period sections
It is shown, the water that the gas passage of reactor inner chamber middle part side baffle 22 is here formed as when experiment proceeds to 17.5min or so
Compound is blocked completely, in experimental period section later stage (14.5min starts), the second transparent window of the close beneath of side baffle 22
A small amount of hydrate is also formed with 23 inwalls.Meanwhile, in above-mentioned experimental period section, gas-liquid interface down there are just successively
Phase lamelliform hydrate film (left behind) by later stage bubble and hydrate film aggregation impact with squeezing action, just exist with the later stage
The seemingly spherical hydrate film formed at bubble and water termination.The lamelliform hydrate film formed in these extruding and seemingly spherical hydration
There may be certain pore channel between thing film, but its passage with experimental period and taper into or even be closed.
3) flow channels area is relatively minimal in C is tested, at reactor inner chamber middle part side baffle 22 and flow channels
Shape is relatively most complicated, relative experimental B with experiment A for, the side baffle 22 pairs below bubble aggregation and the shadow for merging
Sound becomes apparent (there is a sizable bubble), and the side baffle 22 is for bubble by playing the obstruction for becoming apparent
Effect (Fig. 9).The video image situation such as Fig. 9 intercepted every 1min in 7.5min to 16.5min this experimental period sections
It is shown, the water that the gas passage of reactor inner chamber middle part side baffle 22 is here formed as when experiment proceeds to 16.5min or so
Compound is blocked completely, in experimental period section later stage (11.5min starts), relative to experiment B, the close beneath of side baffle 22
More hydrate is also formed with the inwall of second transparent window 23.From experiment A and test B unlike, gas-liquid interface with
Under by aggregation bubble formation hydrate film form keep preferably and diameter is also more uniform, be hit with squeezing action compared with the first two
Experiment wants small many, and this is with the side baffle 22 to bubble by produced larger inhibition (minimum flow channels face
Product and most complicated flow channels form) it is closely related.In 7.5min to the 11.5min time periods, follow-up bubble coalescence is to gas
Liquid interface lower section is already present to have certain impact and squeezing action like spherical hydrate film, makes these like spherical hydrate film
Accumulation body produces certain compacted effect.
Therefore, can be realized in different flow channels feelings by these three different reactor inner chamber middle part side baffles 22
Condition bubble aggregation, the mistake assembled by side baffle 22 and at gas-liquid interface below middle baffle 20 and side baffle 22
Journey, at the same during subsequent experimental can also be observed below middle baffle 20, at the gas passage of side baffle 22 with gas-liquid circle
Hydrate formation and feature at face.And then, can be hydrated in different flow channels situation Imitating drilling cuttings or stratum
The decomposition gas or shallow gas of thing enter mineshaft annulus in form hydrate, and then Simulation annular circulation passage to hydrate
Form the ability for suppressing gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior with the influence of Assembling Behavior and drilling fluid.
At the end of experiment, source of the gas 14, the 3rd needle-valve between the lower air inlet 19 of autoclave 8 and pressure regulator valve 5 are closed
6th, between enterprising gas port 9 and pressure regulator valve 5 the 4th needle-valve 7 and the second needle-valve 4 between surge tank 15 and pressure regulator valve 5, then
The slow valve 11 opened in the back pressure Load Relief System being connected with the venthole 10 at the top of autoclave 8 on gas exhaust piping and time
Pressure valve 13 carries out release to experimental provision, until experimental provision pressure is down to atmospheric pressure.
Aforesaid operations are repeated, into bubble in drilling fluid in kettle in middle baffle 20 in the case of Observable difference flow channels
With the aggregation of the lower section of side baffle 22, the process assembled by side baffle 22 and at gas-liquid interface, and subsequent experimental process
In below middle baffle 20, at the gas passage of side baffle 22 with gas-liquid interface at hydrate formation, and then combine
Influence and drilling fluid of the corresponding feature Simulation annular circulation passage of said process to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior
Suppress the ability of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all it is of the invention spirit and
Principle etc, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the experimental provision of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling, including autoclave, high/low temperature constant temperature are evaluated
Case, and gas control system, back pressure Load Relief System and data collecting system, it is characterised in that autoclave is positioned over height
In cryostat, autoclave both sides are provided with the first transparent window, the second transparent window, the first transparent window, second
Transparent window both sides are lined with gasket seal, and the first transparent window, the second transparent window and its both sides sealing pad connect through kettle
Body fixing bolt is fixed on the outer both sides of autoclave, wherein the second transparent window is main watch window, the first transparent window
It is auxiliary observation and lighting window；Autoclave inner chamber is provided with middle baffle and side baffle, and middle baffle is a round shape
Thin metal derby, a sealing ring is cased with the middle part of sliding channel groove of autoclave inner chamber, and the sealing ring is close with autoclave inwall
Sealing-in is touched, and there is a circular hole at middle baffle center, and side baffle is a laminar baffle, side baffle by baffle fixing bolt and
The cooperation of the circular hole is fixed on middle baffle, and the side that side baffle is located at the second transparent window is provided with fluid overflow channel,
Gas for entering for autoclave bottom passes through, wherein simulation annular circulation passage by autoclave lower lumen,
The fluid overflow channel of side baffle is constituted with autoclave upper lumen；
Autoclave top is provided with an enterprising gas port and venthole, and autoclave bottom is provided with a lower air inlet
Mouthful, enterprising gas port, lower air inlet are connected by pressure duct with gas control system respectively, and venthole is by gas exhaust piping and returns
Pressure Load Relief System is connected, and data collecting system includes temperature sensor, pressure sensor, data acquisition signal line and calculating
Machine, temperature sensor is installed on autoclave bottom, and pressure sensor is installed at autoclave top vent, temperature
Sensor, pressure sensor are connected by data acquisition signal line with computer.
2. the experimental provision for evaluating gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling according to claim 1, its feature
It is that the gas control system includes source of the gas, surge tank, pressure regulator valve, first pressure table, second pressure table, the first needle-valve, the
Two needle-valves, the 3rd needle-valve, the 4th needle-valve and pressure duct, wherein source of the gas by pressure duct sequentially pass through first pressure table with
First needle-valve accesses surge tank, and surge tank sequentially passes through second pressure table, the second needle-valve, pressure regulator valve by pressure duct again, point
Not Tong Guo the 3rd needle-valve access the lower air inlet of autoclave bottom, accessed by the 4th needle-valve upper at the top of autoclave
Air inlet.
3. the experimental provision for evaluating gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling according to claim 1, its feature
It is that the back pressure Load Relief System includes the gas exhaust piping, valve and the back pressure that are connected with the venthole at the top of autoclave
Valve, valve and back-pressure valve are arranged on gas exhaust piping.
4. the experimental provision for evaluating gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling according to claim 1, its feature
It is that the autoclave mainly includes reaction kettle body, reactor upper end cover, reactor bottom end cover, the first transparent window, the
Two transparent windows, transparent window end cap, the middle baffle and side baffle of inner chamber, the wherein upper and lower end cap of reactor are by close
Seal is realized with screw thread being tightly connected with reaction kettle body top and bottom respectively.
5. the experimental provision for evaluating gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling according to claim 1, its feature
It is that the autoclave lower sides are provided with an aperture, temperature sensor is inserted in the aperture.
6. the experimental provision for evaluating gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling according to claim 1, its feature
It is that what the first transparent window of the high/low temperature insulating box both sides, the second transparent window were arranged on both sides can be on open type side door.
7. a kind of experimental provision by described in any one of the claims 1~6 evaluate in deepwater drilling gas hydrate synthesis with
The method of Assembling Behavior, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) will be in drilling fluid and required gas feeding autoclave, pressure and temperature is to setting value in regulation autoclave
With simulation stratum condition, and maintain a period of time；
(2) control to enter the bubbling rate of gas reactor, gas in experimentation by autoclave bottom by adjusting pressure regulator valve
Bubble rises the simulation being obstructed, and has different fluid flow channels area and shape with replacing by baffle in the middle of autoclave inner chamber
The autoclave inner chamber side baffle of shape is realized；
(3) Real-time Collection autoclave internal temperature and pressure data, and consider autoclave inner chamber side baffle not
With fluid overflow channel area and the situation of shape, at temperature, pressure and the transparent window of autoclave side second
Bubble coalescence and post-hydration thing formed change with time situation come the decomposition gas of hydrate in simulating drilling cuttings or stratum or
Shallow gas enter mineshaft annulus in form hydrate, and then Simulation annular circulation passage to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior
Influence and drilling fluid suppress the ability of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior.
8. the side that gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior in deepwater drilling are evaluated by experimental provision according to claim 7
Method, it is characterised in that the decomposition gas or shallow gas that hydrate in drilling cuttings or stratum is simulated in the step (3) enter pit shaft ring
It is aerial to form hydrate, and then influence and drilling fluid of the Simulation annular circulation passage to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior
Suppress the ability of gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior, the process is comprised the following steps that：
A. the installation of experimental provision and air-leakage test：The valve closed on back pressure Load Relief System, opens source of the gas to reaction under high pressure
Required gas boosting is passed through in kettle to after 10MPa, pressurize is observed 10 hours, checks all needle-valves, valve, gas piping and high pressure
The air-tightness of reactor, checking experiment device whether there is leakage；
B. the purging of pipeline and autoclave：After checking experiment device is without leakage, 0.5L drilling wells are loaded in autoclave
Liquid；Open the valve of back pressure Load Relief System and the first needle-valve of gas control system, the second needle-valve, the 3rd needle-valve and the 4th pin
Valve, then turns on source of the gas using methane gas scavenging pipeline and autoclave, it is ensured that do not have in autoclave and connecting line
There are other gases；
C. the preparation before experiment starts：Start high/low temperature insulating box and set cooling temperature, start cooling；Treat that temperature is down to simulation
The design temperature of formation condition and after keeping balance, opens computer, records high by pressure sensor temperature Sensor monitoring
Temperature and pressure in pressure reactor；The 3rd needle-valve is closed, source of the gas and the first needle-valve, the second needle-valve, the 4th needle-valve is opened, by
Enterprising gas port makes pressure in autoclave reach certain value to gas is passed through in autoclave, is then shut off source of the gas and
One needle-valve, the second needle-valve, the 4th needle-valve；
D. after completing above-mentioned work, opening source of the gas makes supply gas pressure open the first needle-valve after reaching certain value, and gas enters buffering
Tank is lowered the temperature；The 3rd needle-valve is closed, the valve in the second needle-valve, the 4th needle-valve and back pressure Load Relief System is opened and is adjusted back
Pressure valve coordinates source of the gas control autoclave internal pressure；Regulation pressure regulator valve, closes the 4th needle-valve, opens the 3rd needle-valve, now
Gas in surge tank sequentially passes through the second needle-valve, pressure regulator valve and the 3rd needle-valve, by the lower air inlet of autoclave bottom
In into autoclave in drilling fluid, gas sparging speed is controlled by by pressure regulator valve；
E. by the second transparent window of autoclave side, bubble is looked first at by autoclave inner chamber side baffle
The situation of flow channels；Secondly elapse over time, drilling fluid and gas circle above observation autoclave inner chamber side baffle
Gas hydrate synthesis situation at face；Finally carry out bubble coalescence and the follow-up observation for suppressing gas hydrate synthesis：Observation bubble is in centre
The formational situation of baffle and the aggregation of side baffle lower section and follow-up hydrate herein, for different temperatures, pressure and side
Side baffle area of passage condition, the decomposition gas or shallow gas of hydrate enter in mineshaft annulus and are formed in simulation drilling cuttings or stratum
Hydrate, and then influence and drilling fluid of the Simulation annular circulation passage to gas hydrate synthesis and Assembling Behavior suppress hydration
Thing forms the ability with Assembling Behavior.
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