CN114280099B - Experimental device and method for evaluating thermoacoustic characteristics of deepwater drilling fluid under submersible compound - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for evaluating thermoacoustic characteristics of deepwater drilling fluid under submersible compound Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device for evaluating thermoacoustic characteristics of deep water drilling fluid under a potential hydrate, which comprises the following components: the reaction kettle is internally used for storing drilling fluid and is provided with an upper air inlet and a lower air inlet, the outer wall of the reaction kettle is sleeved with a reaction kettle jacket for adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle, and an underground simulated drilling tool is arranged in the reaction kettle; a gas source connected to the lower gas inlet to simulate the invasion of cuttings or hydrate decomposition gas or shallow sea floor gas in the formation; the pressurizing module is connected with the reaction kettle; the temperature testing module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors which are respectively arranged at different positions of the reaction kettle; and an acoustic testing module for testing the speed of sound and the attenuation of sound through the drilling fluid. The invention has the beneficial effects that: and simulating heat exchange processes of drilling fluid and surrounding environment under different well bore annular space structural characteristics, different circulation states and different gas invasion conditions, and evaluating heat transfer and acoustic properties of the deepwater drilling fluid in the simulation process under the condition that no hydrate exists or hydrate exists.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of natural gas hydrate and petroleum and natural gas development, in particular to an experimental device and method for evaluating thermoacoustic characteristics of deep water drilling fluid under a submersible compound.
Background
The natural gas hydrate is widely distributed in the extremely frozen soil area and the stratum sediment of the shallow layer of the seabed, and is regarded as a novel clean alternative energy source because of the characteristics of high energy density, wide distribution, large reserve and the like. However, in the process of exploration and development of marine natural gas hydrate and oil gas, shallow gas possibly existing in a submarine shallow stratum and gas and water generated by decomposition of drilling cuttings or hydrate in a well wall stratum when drilling in the stratum meeting the hydrate can enter a well bore annulus drilling fluid, on one hand, the density, rheological property and other properties of the drilling fluid can be influenced to adversely affect the drilling process, and on the other hand, when the temperature and pressure conditions in the annulus reach the hydrate formation conditions, hydrate nucleation, growth and aggregated hydrate phase change phenomena can occur in the annulus drilling fluid, so that the flow of the annulus fluid is blocked or even blocked, and the drilling process is endangered to different degrees. When extreme climates such as typhoons are encountered, the longer down-hole and shut-in operations that are typically undertaken can greatly increase the risk of plugging the wellbore annulus due to hydrate formation.
For the drilling fluid in the well bore annulus, the structural characteristics of the well bore annulus space in which the drilling fluid is positioned (different underground drilling tools cause the space change of the annulus gap size), the circulation state (static or flowing), the gas invasion condition (decomposed gas of hydrate in drilling cuttings or stratum or shallow gas at the sea bottom enters the well bore annulus at different rates) and the like can all act on the flow field of the drilling fluid, so that the heat and mass transfer process inside a system and between the system and the surrounding environment of the drilling fluid is influenced, and the heat and mass transfer process accompanied by the formation of the hydrate in the drilling fluid is influenced. At the same time, the above-mentioned external influence of the annulus drilling fluid and the differences in the type and concentration of the internal components, the nucleation, growth and aggregation processes of the solid phase hydrate in the formation of the hydrate, and the concomitant heat and mass transfer processes, all contribute to the corresponding heat transfer and acoustic properties of the annulus drilling fluid. Therefore, further understanding of the heat transfer and acoustic properties of the drilling fluid will help to better understand the heat and mass transfer processes associated with hydrate formation in the wellbore annulus drilling fluid, thereby laying the foundation for the disclosure of the mechanism thereof.
At present, the risk of potential hydrate formation in the drilling annulus is mainly researched and evaluated by the experimental tests of sea hydrate drilling fluid macroscopic hydrate inhibition, drilling fluid rheological property of hydrate particles, drilling fluid acoustic characteristics and the like and by combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of a temperature field in a well, numerical simulation of formation of the hydrate in the well and the like, the problem that the heat exchange process and the potential hydrate formation process between annulus drilling fluid and the surrounding environment in different states are difficult to accurately analyze and evaluate due to the fact that the thermal physical parameters of the drilling fluid lack of few temperature measuring points in a kettle and the like often exist, and the related research on the heat exchange process and the potential hydrate formation process between the annulus drilling fluid and the surrounding environment in the state of static state, circulation state, gas invasion state and the like of the drilling fluid under the condition that the hydrate phase change exists in the drilling fluid under the comprehensive actions of various conditions such as the annular space structural characteristics, the rotation rate, the bubbling rate and the like of the drilling fluid is not generated, or the heat exchange process between the drilling fluid and the surrounding environment (the heat exchange process and the potential hydrate formation process under the condition of simulating the annular space structural characteristics of the drilling fluid in different wellbores) is not yet.
In the actual deepwater drilling process, the well bore annulus drilling fluid is often in a complex state under the comprehensive action of the various conditions, and the heat and mass transfer process and mechanism accompanying the formation of the hydrate are not completely clarified, so that the development of a relevant evaluation device further recognizes the heat and mass transfer process and the mechanism accompanying the formation of the hydrate in the well bore annulus drilling fluid from two key angles of heat transfer and acoustics from the aspect of comprehensive consideration of various factors such as the structural characteristics of the well bore annulus space, the rotation rate and the bubbling rate, and the like, and provides basic experimental data support for research and application such as the formation prediction of the temperature field and the hydrate in the well bore in the deepwater drilling process, logging operation and the like, thereby better preventing and controlling the corresponding potential risks existing in the marine natural gas hydrate and oil gas exploration and development process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the problems of heat transfer and acoustic characteristics of drilling fluid under the condition of potential hydrate formation in deep water drilling, especially for the conditions of different annular space structural features of a well shaft and different bubbling rates, and consider synchronous test evaluation of heat transfer and acoustic characteristics of the drilling fluid, the embodiment of the invention provides an experimental device and a method for evaluating thermoacoustic characteristics of the deep water drilling fluid under the potential hydrate.
The embodiment of the invention provides an experimental device for evaluating thermoacoustic properties of a deepwater drilling fluid under a potential hydrate, which comprises the following components:
the reaction kettle is internally used for storing drilling fluid, an upper air inlet is formed in the upper part of the reaction kettle, a lower air inlet is formed in the lower part of the reaction kettle, a reaction kettle jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the reaction kettle so as to adjust the temperature in the reaction kettle, and an underground simulated drilling tool is arranged in the reaction kettle;
the gas source is respectively connected with the upper gas inlet and the lower gas inlet, and is connected with the lower gas inlet for introducing gas into the drilling fluid in the reaction kettle so as to simulate the invasion of decomposed gas of drill cuttings or hydrate in stratum or shallow gas at the sea bottom;
the pressurizing module is connected with the reaction kettle to pressurize the reaction kettle;
the temperature testing module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors, and each temperature sensor is respectively arranged at different positions in the radial direction, the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the reaction kettle;
and an acoustic testing module for testing the speed of sound and the attenuation of sound through the drilling fluid.
Further, the device also comprises a circulation bath box, the circulation bath box is connected with the reaction kettle jacket, the air source is connected with the upper air inlet and the lower air inlet through a buffer tank, the buffer tank jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer tank, and the circulation bath box is also connected with the buffer tank jacket.
Further, the reactor also comprises a high-low temperature incubator, and the buffer tank and the reaction kettle are arranged in the high-low temperature incubator.
Further, the pressurizing module comprises a vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is connected with the upper part of the reaction kettle; the pressurizing module further comprises a pressure regulating valve, the buffer tank and the air source, the buffer tank is connected with the upper part of the reaction kettle through a pipeline, the pressure regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline, and the buffer tank is connected with the air source through a pipeline.
Further, a pressure sensor is arranged in the reaction kettle.
Further, the system also comprises a data acquisition system which is respectively connected with each temperature sensor and each pressure sensor.
Further, an underground simulated drilling tool is arranged in the reaction kettle, and the external geometric dimension of the underground simulated drilling tool is equal-proportion scaled.
Further, the sound wave testing module comprises a sound wave transmitting device and a sound wave receiving device, two transparent windows are respectively arranged on the opposite side walls of the reaction kettle, and the sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device are respectively arranged at the two transparent windows.
In addition, based on the experimental device for evaluating the thermoacoustic characteristics of the deepwater drilling fluid under the submersible compound, the embodiment of the invention also provides an experimental method for evaluating the thermoacoustic characteristics of the deepwater drilling fluid under the submersible compound, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling fluid is filled into the reaction kettle;
s2, adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle to a set temperature through the reaction kettle jacket, adjusting the pressure in the reaction kettle to a set pressure through the pressurizing module, configuring a corresponding underground simulated drilling tool according to the structural characteristics and the rotation rate conditions of the simulated underground drilling tool so as to simulate the structural characteristics of the annular space of a shaft, setting a corresponding rotation rate, and starting the underground simulated drilling tool to perform simulated drilling;
s3, introducing gas from the bottom of the reaction kettle into the drilling fluid through the gas source to simulate decomposed gas of drilling cuttings or hydrate in stratum or shallow gas at the bottom of the sea to enter a shaft annulus;
s4, measuring the temperature of drilling fluid at different positions in the radial direction, the circumferential direction and the axial direction in the reaction kettle through the temperature testing module, and testing the sound velocity and the sound attenuation of the drilling fluid through the sound wave testing module.
Further, S5: and adjusting one or more of the temperature in the reaction kettle, the pressure in the reaction kettle, the rotation speed of the underground simulated drilling tool and the appearance geometric dimension of the underground simulated drilling tool, and adjusting the flow rate of gas introduced into the drilling fluid from the bottom of the reaction kettle so as to change the bubbling speed of the gas, and simulating the decomposed gas of drill cuttings or hydrate in the stratum or the shallow gas at the sea bottom to enter the annular space of the shaft at different speeds.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the experimental device for evaluating the thermoacoustic characteristics of the deepwater drilling fluid under the potential hydrate, the thermal exchange action process (during which no hydrate forming process exists or exists) of the drilling fluid under different temperatures, pressures, the rotation speed of the underground simulated drilling tool, the geometric dimension of the external shape of the underground simulated drilling tool and the bubbling speed can be used for simulating the heat transfer and acoustic characteristics of the deepwater drilling fluid under the condition that the space of the annular space is not in existence or exists in the simulated process under the condition that the space of the annular space is in existence, the circulation state (static or flowing) and the gas invasion condition are different (the decomposed gas of the hydrate in drilling cuttings or stratum or the shallow sea gas enters the annular space of the well at different speeds), the relation between the formation and the aggregation behavior of various drilling fluid and the hydrate is evaluated, and the capability of inhibiting the formation and aggregation behavior of the various drilling fluid can be evaluated through the test of temperature data and radial acoustic data of a plurality of measuring points in the radial direction and circumferential direction in the reaction kettle, and the test of the acoustic data of the temperature data of the measuring points in the simulated process can be optimized for the drilling fluid inhibitor.
2. The temperature and pressure in the reaction kettle, the bubbling speed of gas and the rotation speed of the underground simulated drilling tool can be regulated and controlled, and the corresponding underground simulated drilling tool can be configured according to the structural characteristics of the simulated underground drilling tool so as to simulate the annular space structural characteristics of a shaft.
3. The method is suitable for the design and optimization of drilling fluid systems of natural gas hydrate stratum drilling, frozen earth drilling and ocean drilling, the evaluation of potential hydrate formation risk, and can also provide basic experimental data support for related research and application such as in-well temperature field and hydrate formation prediction in deep water drilling process, logging operation and the like, and has important economic and social benefits for exploration and development of unconventional natural gas hydrate resources and conventional oil and gas resources in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an experimental set-up for evaluating thermoacoustic properties of a deep water drilling fluid under a potential hydrate in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the respective temperature sensors.
In the figure: 1-first pressure gauge, 2-first needle valve, 3-second pressure gauge, 4-second needle valve, 5-pressure regulating valve, 6-third needle valve, 7-fourth needle valve, 8-upper air inlet, 9-pressure sensor, 10-downhole simulation drilling tool, 11-vacuum pump, 12-fifth needle valve, 13-fourth temperature sensor, 14-upper air outlet, 15-upper end cover, 16-clamp, 17-sixth needle valve, 18-back pressure valve, 19-high and low temperature incubator, 20-air source, 21-buffer tank jacket, 22-buffer tank, 23-sonic transmitting device, 24-sonic transmitting probe, 25-circulation bath tank, 26-reaction tank jacket, 27-first transparent window 28-lower air inlet, 29-eighth temperature sensor, 30-seventh temperature sensor, 31-first temperature sensor, 32-third temperature sensor, 33-sixth temperature sensor, 34-second temperature sensor, 35-fifth temperature sensor, 36-reactor kettle, 37-second transparent window, 38-sound wave receiving probe, 39-sound wave receiving device, 40-display device, 41-computer, p 1-first pipeline, p 2-second pipeline, p 201-first branch, p 202-second branch, p 3-third pipeline, p 4-fourth pipeline, p 5-fifth pipeline, p 6-sixth pipeline, p 7-seventh pipeline.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following presents a preferred one of a number of possible embodiments of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of the invention, but is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, an experimental apparatus for evaluating thermoacoustic characteristics of a deep water drilling fluid under a latent hydrate is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and includes a reaction kettle, an air source 20, a pressurizing module, a temperature testing module and an acoustic testing module.
Wherein the inside of the reaction kettle is used for storing drilling fluid. The reaction kettle specifically comprises a reaction kettle body 36 with an opening at the upper part and an upper end cover 15, wherein a cavity which is approximately cylindrical is arranged in the reaction kettle body 36, the upper end cover 15 covers the upper port of the reaction kettle body 36, and the upper end cover are fixedly connected through a clamp 16.
The reaction kettle outer wall is sleeved with a reaction kettle jacket 26, the reaction kettle jacket 26 is sleeved on the reaction kettle body 36 and exchanges heat with the reaction kettle body 36, so that the temperature in the reaction kettle is adjusted. In this embodiment, a circulation bath tank 25 is provided, the circulation bath tank 25 is connected to the reaction kettle jacket 26 through a fifth pipeline p5 and a sixth pipeline p6 to form a circulation pipeline, and constant-temperature liquid is circularly conveyed into the reaction kettle jacket 26 through the circulation bath tank 25, so that the reaction kettle is kept at a constant temperature.
The downhole simulated drilling tool 10 is arranged in the reaction kettle, and the downhole simulated drilling tool 10 is preferably arranged on the axis of the reaction kettle. The downhole simulation drilling tool 10 is installed on the upper end cover 15 and extends into the reaction kettle, the rotation speed of the downhole simulation drilling tool 10 can be adjusted and set according to the rotation speed of the downhole simulation drilling tool, meanwhile, the external geometric dimension of the downhole simulation drilling tool 10 can be simulated in an equal-proportion scaling mode, and the corresponding downhole simulation drilling tool 10 can be configured according to the simulated structural characteristic of the downhole simulation drilling tool so as to simulate the annular space structural characteristic of a well shaft.
The bottom of the reaction kettle body 36 is provided with a lower air inlet 28, the air source 20 is connected with the lower air inlet 28, and air can be introduced into the reaction kettle to simulate the invasion of decomposed gas of drill cuttings or hydrate in stratum or shallow gas at the bottom of the sea. Specifically, the air source 20 is connected with the buffer tank 22 through a first pipeline p1, a first pressure gauge 1 and a first needle valve 2 are arranged on the first pipeline p1, and a second pressure gauge 3 is arranged on the buffer tank 22. The buffer tank 22 is connected with the lower air inlet 28 through a second pipeline p2 and a second branch p202, the second pipeline p2 is provided with a second needle valve 4 and a pressure regulating valve 5, and the second branch p202 is provided with a third needle valve 6. The gas source 20 is a gas storage tank, gas such as methane is stored in the gas storage tank, the gas in the gas storage tank is firstly conveyed into the buffer tank 22, then enters the reaction kettle through the lower gas inlet 28, the flow rate of the gas introduced into the drilling fluid from the bottom of the reaction kettle can be controlled through adjusting the pressure regulating valve 5 so as to change the bubbling speed of the gas, and the decomposed gas of drill cuttings or hydrate in the stratum or shallow sea bottom gas can be simulated to enter the annular space of the shaft at different speeds.
And meanwhile, the gas source 20 also introduces gas into the reaction kettle from the upper part of the reaction kettle. Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper end cover 15 is provided with an upper air inlet 8, the second pipe p2 is provided with a second needle valve 4 and a pressure regulating valve 5, and the second pipe p2 is further connected to the first branch p201 and the second branch p202 respectively. The first branch p201 is connected with the upper air inlet 8, and a fourth needle valve 7 is further arranged on the first branch p 201. The second branch p202 is connected to the lower air inlet 28, and a third needle valve 6 is further disposed on the second branch p202.
The outer wall of the buffer tank 22 is sleeved with a buffer tank jacket 21, the buffer tank jacket 21 is connected with the circulation bath box 25 through a third pipeline p3 and a fourth pipeline p4, so that a circulation pipeline is formed, constant-temperature liquid in the circulation bath box 25 continuously exchanges heat with the buffer tank 22, so that the temperature of gas in the buffer tank 22 is kept constant, and the temperature of the gas introduced into the reaction kettle is equal to the temperature of drilling fluid in the reaction kettle.
In addition, in order to ensure that the temperature in the reaction kettle is consistent with the temperature of the gas output by the buffer tank 22, the embodiment is further provided with a high-low temperature incubator 19, and the buffer tank 22 and the reaction kettle are arranged in the high-low temperature incubator 19.
The pressurizing module is connected with the reaction kettle to pressurize the reaction kettle. Specifically, the pressurizing module includes a vacuum pump 11, and the vacuum pump 11 is connected into the reaction kettle through a seventh pipeline p7 by the upper air outlet 14 of the upper end cover 15. A fifth needle valve 12 is arranged at the joint of the seventh pipeline p7 and the vacuum pump 11, a back pressure valve 18 is arranged at the other end of the seventh pipeline p7, and a sixth needle valve 17 is arranged on the seventh pipeline p7 close to the back pressure valve 18. The vacuum pump 11 can be used for vacuumizing the reaction kettle, and the back pressure valve 18 can be used for relieving pressure in the reaction kettle. The upper part of the reaction kettle is provided with a pressure sensor 9 for monitoring the pressure in the reaction kettle.
The pressurizing module further comprises a pressure regulating valve 5, a buffer tank 22 and an air source 20, wherein the buffer tank 22 is connected with the upper part of the reaction kettle through a pipeline, and the pressure regulating valve 5 is arranged on the pipeline. The pipelines comprise a second pipeline p2 and a first branch p201, and the gas source 20 sequentially pressurizes the reaction kettle through the first pipeline p1, the buffer tank 22, the second pipeline p2, the pressure regulating valve 5 and the first branch p 201. That is, after the reaction kettle is vacuumized by the vacuum pump 11, the pressurized gas is introduced into the reaction kettle through the first branch 201 from the upper air inlet 8, so that the reaction kettle can be pressurized to simulate different pressure environments.
The temperature testing module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors, and each temperature sensor is respectively arranged at different positions in the radial direction, the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the reaction kettle. As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the data of the temperature sensors are set to eight, which are the first to eighth temperature sensors, respectively. Wherein the first, sixth and second temperature sensors 31, 33, 34 are located on the axis, 1/3 radius circumference and 2/3 radius circumference of the reaction kettle, and are located on the same diameter of the reaction kettle as the eighth temperature sensor 29. The second and fifth temperature sensors 34, 35 and the eighth temperature sensor 29 are located on the same circumference of the reaction vessel. The third and seventh temperature sensors 32, 30 are located on the same diameter of the radius circumference of the reaction vessel, and the included angle between the diameter and the diameter of the first, sixth, second and eighth temperature sensors 31, 33, 34, 29 is 45 degrees. The first and fifth temperature sensors 31, 35 and the lower inlet 28 are located on the same diameter of the reaction kettle, and the included angle between the diameter and the diameter of the first, sixth, second and eighth temperature sensors 31, 33, 34, 29 is 90 degrees. The fourth temperature sensor 13 is located at the upper part of the reaction kettle, the fifth and seventh temperature sensors 35 and 30 are installed at a height of about 20mm from the bottom of the reaction kettle, and the first, second, third, sixth and eighth temperature sensors 31, 34, 32, 33 and 29 are installed at a height of about 10mm from the bottom of the reaction kettle.
The acoustic testing module tests the sound velocity and sound attenuation of the drilling fluid. The acoustic testing module comprises acoustic transmitting means 23 and acoustic receiving means 39. Two transparent windows, namely a first transparent window 27 and a second transparent window 37, are respectively arranged on the opposite side walls of the reaction kettle. The acoustic wave transmitting probe 24 of the acoustic wave transmitting device 23 and the acoustic wave receiving probe 38 of the acoustic wave receiving device 39 are respectively arranged at the two transparent windows. The sonic transmitting probe 24 transmits sonic waves, and the sonic receiving probe 38 receives sonic waves, thereby measuring the speed and attenuation of sonic waves through the drilling fluid in the reactor.
In addition, in order to facilitate data collection and display, the embodiment is further provided with a data collection system, the data collection system includes a computer 41 and a display device 40, and each of the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor 9 is respectively connected to the display device 40 for displaying the collected temperature and pressure data. And the display device 40 is further connected to the computer 41, the computer 41 being adapted to store temperature and pressure data.
In addition, based on the experimental device for evaluating the thermoacoustic characteristics of the deepwater drilling fluid under the submersible compound, the embodiment of the invention also provides an experimental method for evaluating the thermoacoustic characteristics of the deepwater drilling fluid under the submersible compound, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling fluid is filled into the reaction kettle.
S2, adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle to a set temperature through the reaction kettle jacket 26. The adjusting mode is as follows: the temperature in the reaction kettle and the temperature of the gas in the reaction kettle are adjusted by adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature liquid in the circulation bath box 25, and the temperature of the high-low temperature constant temperature box 19 is adjusted at the same time, so that the temperature of the drilling fluid is adjusted to the required temperature.
And regulating the pressure in the reaction kettle to a set pressure by the pressurizing module. The adjusting mode is specifically as follows: the reaction kettle is vacuumized through the vacuum pump 11, then pressurized by the upper air inlet 8 through the air source 20 sequentially via the first pipeline p1, the buffer tank 22, the second pipeline p2, the pressure regulating valve 5 and the first branch p201, the pressure in the reaction kettle is increased, the pressure in the reaction kettle is relieved through the back pressure valve 18, and the pressure in the reaction kettle is reduced, so that the reaction kettle reaches the set pressure.
According to the structural characteristics and the rotation rate conditions of the simulated downhole drilling tool, the corresponding downhole simulated drilling tool 10 is configured in an equal-proportion scaling mode to simulate the structural characteristics of the annular space of the well shaft, the corresponding rotation rate is set, and the downhole simulated drilling tool 10 is started to perform simulated drilling.
S3, gas is introduced into the drilling fluid in the reaction kettle through the gas source 20 sequentially through the first pipeline p1, the buffer tank 22, the second pipeline p2, the pressure regulating valve 5 and the second branch p202 through the lower gas inlet 28, and decomposed gas or shallow gas of hydrate in simulated drill cuttings or stratum enters a shaft annulus.
S4, measuring the temperature of drilling fluid at different positions in the radial direction, the circumferential direction and the axial direction in the reaction kettle through the temperature testing module, and testing the sound velocity and the sound attenuation of the drilling fluid through the sound wave testing module. The temperature data of a plurality of radial, circumferential and axial measuring points in the reaction kettle can be monitored in real time, so that the corresponding heat transfer characteristic of the drilling fluid under the condition that no hydrate exists or hydrate exists is evaluated; and simultaneously monitoring the change condition of acoustic data of the acoustic transmitting probe and the acoustic receiving probe on the reaction kettle along with time, and further evaluating the corresponding acoustic characteristics of the drilling fluid under the condition that no hydrate exists or hydrate exists.
S5, adjusting one or more of the temperature in the reaction kettle, the pressure in the reaction kettle, the rotation speed of the underground simulated drilling tool 10 and the geometric dimension of the underground simulated drilling tool 10, controlling the flow rate of gas introduced into the drilling fluid from the bottom of the reaction kettle by adjusting the pressure regulating valve 5 so as to change the bubbling speed of the gas, and simulating the decomposed gas of drill cuttings or hydrate in stratum or shallow sea-bottom gas to enter a shaft annulus at different speeds.
That is, by adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle, the pressure in the reaction kettle, the rotation rate of the downhole simulation drilling tool 10, the geometric dimension of the downhole simulation drilling tool 10, and the flow rate of the gas introduced into the drilling fluid, the corresponding downhole simulation drilling tool 10 can be configured in an equal-scale scaling manner according to the structural characteristics of the simulated downhole drilling tool so as to simulate the annular space structural characteristics of the well shaft, and corresponding static experiments, dynamic experiments and bubbling experiments can be performed.
During static experiments, the rotation rate of the downhole simulated drilling tool 10 is adjusted to zero or the downhole simulated drilling tool 10 is turned off directly. Considering the characteristic of the conventional circulation process of the drilling fluid (the offshore drilling platform, namely the hydrate stratum, the seabed mud line and the offshore drilling platform) in the deepwater drilling process, namely the drilling fluid enters the drill rod from the offshore drilling platform, flows downwards to the hydrate stratum at the bottom of the well from the inner space of the drill rod, then enters an annular gap between the outer wall of the drill rod in the well and the well wall, flows upwards through the seabed mud line and returns to the offshore drilling platform. And the temperature and pressure conditions in the reaction kettle are respectively adjusted to the temperature and pressure conditions corresponding to the offshore drilling platform, the hydrate reservoir, the seabed mud line and the offshore drilling platform, the temperature and pressure conditions are maintained to be stable for a period of time, and then the temperature and pressure conditions of the next simulation position are adjusted. Temperature data of a plurality of measuring points in the radial direction, the circumferential direction and the axial direction in the reaction kettle are monitored in real time, and meanwhile, the change condition of acoustic data of the acoustic transmitting probe 24 and the acoustic receiving probe 38 on the reaction kettle along with time is monitored.
During dynamic experiments, the downhole simulated drilling tool 10 is adjusted to simulate drilling at different rates of revolution. And under the condition that the temperature and pressure regulation process in the reaction kettle is the same as that in a static experiment, regulating the underground simulated drilling tool 10 on the upper end cover 15 to perform simulated drilling at different rotation rates, simulating the different rotation rates of the underground drilling tool in the deep water drilling process, and performing the test and evaluation of the heat transfer and acoustic characteristics which are the same as those in the static experiment.
And in the bubbling experiment, under the condition that the temperature and the pressure in the reaction kettle and the rotation speed of the underground simulated drilling tool 10 are the same as those of a static experiment or a dynamic experiment, the bubbling speed of gas entering the kettle from the lower air inlet 28 at the bottom of the reaction kettle is controlled by adjusting the pressure regulating valve 5, the condition that decomposed gas of drill cuttings or hydrate in stratum or shallow sea bottom gas enters a well bore annulus is simulated, and the test and evaluation of the heat transfer and acoustic characteristics which are the same as those of the static experiment are carried out.
In this document, terms such as front, rear, upper, lower, etc. are defined with respect to the positions of the components in the drawings and with respect to each other, for clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that they are relative concepts and can be varied in many ways depending upon the application and placement, and that the use of such orientation terms should not be taken to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
The embodiments described above and features of the embodiments herein may be combined with each other without conflict.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The experimental method for evaluating the thermoacoustic characteristics of the deepwater drilling fluid under the potential hydrate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: an experimental set-up for evaluating thermoacoustic properties of a deepwater drilling fluid under a submersible compound is used, the experimental set-up for evaluating thermoacoustic properties of a deepwater drilling fluid under a submersible compound comprising:
the reaction kettle is internally used for storing drilling fluid, an upper air inlet is formed in the upper part of the reaction kettle, a lower air inlet is formed in the lower part of the reaction kettle, a reaction kettle jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the reaction kettle so as to adjust the temperature in the reaction kettle, an underground simulated drilling tool is arranged in the reaction kettle, the external geometry of the underground simulated drilling tool is equal-proportion scaled external geometry of the underground drilling tool, and the underground simulated drilling tool can set corresponding rotation rate;
the gas source is respectively connected with the upper gas inlet and the lower gas inlet, and is connected with the lower gas inlet for introducing gas into the drilling fluid in the reaction kettle so as to simulate the invasion of decomposed gas of drill cuttings or hydrate in stratum or shallow gas at the sea bottom;
the pressurizing module is connected with the reaction kettle to pressurize the reaction kettle, and comprises a vacuum pump which is connected with the upper part of the reaction kettle; the pressurizing module further comprises a pressure regulating valve and a buffer tank, wherein the buffer tank is connected with the upper part of the reaction kettle through a pipeline, the pressure regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline, and the buffer tank is also connected with the air source through a pipeline;
the temperature testing module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors which are respectively arranged at different positions in the radial direction, the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the reaction kettle and used for monitoring the change condition of temperature data of a plurality of measuring points in the radial direction, the circumferential direction and the axial direction in the reaction kettle along with time in real time so as to evaluate the corresponding heat transfer characteristic of drilling fluid under the condition that no hydrate exists or hydrate exists;
the sound wave testing module is used for testing sound velocity and sound attenuation conditions of the drilling fluid, monitoring the change conditions of acoustic data of the sound wave transmitting probe and the sound wave receiving probe on the reaction kettle along with time, further evaluating corresponding acoustic characteristics of the drilling fluid under the condition that no hydrate exists or hydrate exists, and realizing synchronous test evaluation of heat transfer and acoustic characteristics of the drilling fluid;
the circulating bath box is connected with the reaction kettle jacket, the air source is connected with the upper air inlet and the lower air inlet through a buffer tank, the buffer tank jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer tank, and the circulating bath box is also connected with the buffer tank jacket;
and the experimental method comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling fluid is filled into the reaction kettle;
s2, adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle to a set temperature through the reaction kettle jacket, adjusting the pressure in the reaction kettle to a set pressure through the pressurizing module, configuring a corresponding underground simulated drilling tool according to the structural characteristics and the rotation rate conditions of the simulated underground drilling tool so as to simulate the structural characteristics of the annular space of a shaft, setting a corresponding rotation rate, and starting the underground simulated drilling tool to perform simulated drilling;
s3, introducing gas from the bottom of the reaction kettle into the drilling fluid through the gas source to simulate decomposed gas of drilling cuttings or hydrate in stratum or shallow gas at the bottom of the sea to enter a shaft annulus;
s4, measuring the temperatures of drilling fluid at different positions in the radial direction, the circumferential direction and the axial direction in the reaction kettle through the temperature testing module, and testing sound velocity and sound attenuation conditions of the drilling fluid through the sound wave testing module;
s5, adjusting one or more of the temperature in the reaction kettle, the pressure in the reaction kettle, the rotation speed of the underground simulated drilling tool and the appearance geometric dimension of the underground simulated drilling tool, adjusting the flow rate of gas introduced into the drilling fluid from the bottom of the reaction kettle so as to change the bubbling speed of the gas, and simulating the decomposed gas of drill cuttings or hydrate in stratum or shallow sea layer gas to enter a shaft annulus at different speeds.
2. The experimental method for evaluating thermoacoustic properties of a deepwater drilling fluid under a latent hydrate according to claim 1, wherein: still include high low temperature thermostated container, the buffer tank with reation kettle set up in high low temperature thermostated container.
3. The experimental method for evaluating thermoacoustic properties of a deepwater drilling fluid under a latent hydrate according to claim 1, wherein: and a pressure sensor is arranged in the reaction kettle.
4. An experimental method for evaluating thermoacoustic properties of a deepwater drilling fluid under a latent hydrate according to claim 3, wherein: the system also comprises a data acquisition system which is respectively connected with each temperature sensor and each pressure sensor.
5. The experimental method for evaluating thermoacoustic properties of a deepwater drilling fluid under a latent hydrate according to claim 1, wherein: the sound wave testing module comprises a sound wave transmitting device and a sound wave receiving device, two transparent windows are respectively arranged on opposite side walls of the reaction kettle, and the sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device are respectively arranged at the two transparent windows.
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