CN107631973A - A kind of same apparatus test device of Oil in Super-low Permeability rock sample perm-plug method multi-method - Google Patents
A kind of same apparatus test device of Oil in Super-low Permeability rock sample perm-plug method multi-method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107631973A CN107631973A CN201710709627.8A CN201710709627A CN107631973A CN 107631973 A CN107631973 A CN 107631973A CN 201710709627 A CN201710709627 A CN 201710709627A CN 107631973 A CN107631973 A CN 107631973A
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of same apparatus test device of Oil in Super-low Permeability rock sample perm-plug method multi-method, confined pressure chamber including one end open, with the permeation chamber installed in confined pressure intracavitary, permeation chamber includes the tubular leather sheath of both ends open and closes off the seal plug of leather sheath downstream, with the chassis of activity closing confined pressure chamber open at one end, the blast pipe that the other end passes by chassis is welded to connect with the gas off-take on one end and seal plug, and the supercharging device of gases at high pressure is provided.Three kinds of tests necessary to can using a set of equipment completion anisotropy, heterogeneous, Oil in Super-low Permeability rock sample perm-plug method by the present invention.Realize three kinds of method test common gas pressure charging systems, pumped vacuum systems, valve, pressure sensor and most of gas circuit, save the expense of raw material, reduce floor space simultaneously, and reduce production, debug and later maintenance maintenance process in the task such as air-leakage test, pressure sensor calibration 2/3rds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas measurement testing technology of rock core permeability in the field of petroleum engineering, in particular to a multi-method same-machine testing device suitable for gas measurement of permeability of anisotropic, heterogeneous and ultra-low permeability rock samples.
Background
Rock permeability is an important parameter and index for reservoir physical property research, stratum damage evaluation and oil and gas reservoir development and design. Unconventional oil and gas represented by shale gas has the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability, and the heterogeneity and the anisotropy of the unconventional oil and gas are more remarkable than those of a conventional reservoir. Taking shale gas as an example, the permeability of the shale gas can be Daradaxic, which is more commonA conventional reservoir is four-six orders of magnitude smaller than millidarcy. The permeability is measured by adopting a liquid measurement method or a steady state measurement method and is less than millidarcy (1md is 9.87 multiplied by 10)-16m2) The time consumption of the sample is too long and the weak precision of the signal is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, transient gas measurement is generally used for measurement
Besides, in actual tests, the permeability of the shale in the vertical layer and parallel bedding directions has magnitude difference, and the anisotropy is obvious; the pore types in the shale gas reservoir comprise nanopores in organic matters and inorganic matters, micro-nano cracks in inorganic matrixes and millimeter cracks generated by natural or artificial cracking, and the pore span size is large, the types are various, and the heterogeneity is strong. The shale gas is extracted from the reservoir and needs to pass through three levels of pores of nano-pores, micro-cracks and millimeter cracks. The permeability of the shale gas in the three-level pore structure is different in magnitude, and needs to be respectively characterized to determine the contribution and influence of the whole seepage process and each stage of the shale gas. There are generally three types of current measurement methods: pressure pulse attenuation method, in-situ test method and broken core permeability test method. The three methods are respectively long and complementary, are respectively suitable for the permeability test of the three-level pore structure, and need to be developed in sequence. The existing method is to adopt three different devices to complete three kinds of tests. The three testing principles are different, and the accessories required to be configured are different; and the volume requirement of the gas circuit system is different due to different permeability magnitude ranges tested by the three types of equipment. The gas circuit volume of the present apparatus is typically set to a fixed value, for example to accommodate particularly hypotonic samples, requiring the reference chamber to be set to a very small volume. The different gas circuit volumes of different devices also limit the possibility of carrying out different method tests.
Therefore, in the actual use process, three pieces of equipment need to be purchased, and an air supply system, a vacuum-pumping system and the like which are independent of each other are equipped, so that the floor area is large, and if automation and computer control are considered, a corresponding computer needs to be equipped, and three sets of control software are designed. In addition, from the viewpoint of equipment maintenance, it is necessary to periodically inspect the airtightness and the like of three sensors and gas paths of three pieces of equipment; the characteristics and the air tightness of the pressure sensors of the three devices are difficult to ensure to be completely consistent, and systematic test errors possibly caused are difficult to eliminate.
The ultra-low permeability sample also has the problem of strict air tightness requirement. The conventional structure of the measuring equipment is that a core to be measured is circumferentially clamped through a leather sheath, two ends of the core are plugged by plugs, then high-pressure gas is introduced into the core to be measured, and finally the permeability of the core to be measured is obtained through changes of time, permeability speed, pressure and the like. The measuring equipment adopts a design of small cavities at two ends, and once a tiny leak point exists at any place in a gas path, the pressure can be obviously changed, and the final measuring result is influenced.
The existing measuring equipment has more connecting points, when different testing methods are adopted or cores with different sizes are replaced, the corresponding connecting points of the measuring equipment need to be detached, and then the measuring equipment is installed in a matched mode, so that frequent detachment can cause that sealing accessories are out of work more quickly or the sealing performance is reduced, and if the plugs at two ends are replaced, the exhaust pipe is replaced, and the actions are easy to cause subsequent damage or internal pressure leakage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-method same-machine testing device suitable for gas logging permeability of anisotropic, heterogeneous and ultra-low permeability rock samples.
Particularly, the invention provides a multi-method same-machine testing device for gas permeability measurement of an ultra-low permeability rock sample, which comprises the following steps:
the confining pressure cavity is a circular cavity with one open end, and an exhaust hole is arranged on the end without the opening;
the permeation cavity is arranged in the confining pressure cavity and comprises a cylindrical leather sleeve with openings at two ends and sealing plugs for respectively sealing the downstream ends of the leather sleeve, and the sealing plugs are provided with air outlet channels which penetrate through the sealing plugs along the axial direction;
the chassis movably seals one end of the opening of the confining pressure cavity, and is provided with a water inlet for injecting water into the confining pressure cavity and a fixed plug which protrudes to one side to seal the upstream end of the leather sheath, and an air inlet channel which penetrates through the fixed plug along the axial direction is arranged on the fixed plug;
one end of the exhaust pipe is welded with the air outlet channel on the sealing plug, the other end of the exhaust pipe penetrates out of the chassis, a through hole for the exhaust pipe to extend out is formed in the chassis, a stainless steel gasket, an O-shaped ring and a pressing plate are sequentially installed on one side, facing the inside of the confining pressure cavity, of the through hole, and the pressing plate is fixed with the chassis through bolts;
and the supercharging device comprises an air inlet system connected with the air inlet on the chassis to provide specified gas pressure for the core to be tested, an exhaust system connected with the exhaust pipe to receive the gas exhausted by the core to be tested, and a vacuum pump for vacuumizing the whole pipeline.
In one embodiment of the invention, a constant-temperature circulating pipe is installed in the confining pressure cavity, and the constant-temperature circulating pipe extends into the confining pressure cavity from one end of the confining pressure cavity, which is opposite to the base plate, and then extends from the end of the confining pressure cavity after being uniformly distributed.
In an embodiment of the invention, grooves with internal threads are respectively arranged on the opposite surfaces of the fixed plug and the sealing plug, the grooves are used for installing and plugging movable plugs of cores to be tested with different diameters, the movable plugs are installed in the grooves through threads, and the movable plugs are provided with air holes communicated with the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a diameter of the movable plug is smaller than diameters of the sealing plug and the fixed plug, and the diameters of the sealing plug and the fixed plug correspond to a diameter of a core to be measured with a maximum diameter.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further comprises a plugging block for filling the groove, the plugging block is screwed into the groove by a screw, and the plugging block comprises a communicating plugging block provided with an air hole to communicate with the air inlet channel or the air outlet channel, and a solid plugging block.
In one embodiment of the invention, the core crushing device further comprises a sample tank for containing a crushed core sample, and one end of the sample tank is connected with the groove in the fixed plug through an adapter.
In one embodiment of the invention, the air inlet system comprises an air inlet pipeline connected with an air inlet channel on the chassis and the vacuum pump, an air pressure system for pressurizing air, a first expansion cavity module for matching the permeability magnitude of the core to be detected, a first sensing unit for detecting the pressure and temperature of the air and a first valve group for controlling the air inlet pipeline to realize different on-off effects are connected to the air inlet pipeline in parallel;
the exhaust system comprises an exhaust pipeline connected with the exhaust pipe and the vacuum pump, a second expansion cavity module matched with the permeability magnitude of the rock core to be detected is connected to the exhaust pipeline, a second sensing unit for detecting gas pressure and temperature and a second valve group for controlling the exhaust pipeline to realize different on-off effects.
In one embodiment of the invention, a through hole for the exhaust pipe to extend out is arranged on the chassis, a stainless steel washer, an O-shaped ring and a pressure plate are sequentially arranged on one side of the through hole facing the inside of the confining pressure cavity, and the pressure plate is fixed with the chassis through a bolt.
In one embodiment of the invention, a clamp for fixing the sealing plug is arranged outside the leather sheath contacted with the sealing plug.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of water in the confining pressure chamber and a confining pressure sensor for detecting a pressure inside the confining pressure chamber are attached to the base plate.
According to the invention, only one end of the confining pressure cavity is opened, and the pipe diameters of the exhaust pipes are uniform and fixed by welding, so that the problem of obvious change of internal pressure caused by a plurality of leak points of the existing measuring equipment can be solved, and the measuring precision and the efficiency of replacing a test object are improved.
The invention can adopt one set of equipment to complete three tests necessary for measuring permeability of anisotropic, heterogeneous and ultra-low permeability rock sample gas. The method has the advantages that the method realizes the test of the common gas pressurization system, the vacuum pumping system, the valve, the pressure sensor and most of gas circuits by three methods, saves the cost of raw materials, simultaneously reduces the occupied area, reduces two thirds of the work tasks of air tightness detection, pressure sensor calibration and the like in the production, debugging and later maintenance and repair processes, and can ensure the consistent system errors of different method results; meanwhile, the control system is integrally designed, so that the redundant design can be eliminated, and the workload is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-method in-machine test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a portion of the confining pressure chamber in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-method permeability testing apparatus for gas logging of an ultra-low permeability rock sample according to one embodiment of the present invention generally includes an confining pressure chamber 10, a permeation chamber 20, a chassis 30, an exhaust pipe 40 and a pressurizing device 60.
The confining pressure chamber 10 is a circular chamber with an open end for installing the permeation chamber 20, and an exhaust hole 11 is arranged on the non-open end.
The chassis 30 is movably closed at one end of the opening of the confining pressure cavity 10 to form a closed environment for the confining pressure cavity 10, and a water inlet 31 for injecting water into the confining pressure cavity 10 is arranged on the chassis 30. The base plate 30 may be secured to the confining pressure chamber 10 by fasteners such as bolts. In addition, an annular sealing groove 32 may be provided on a contact surface of the base plate 30, which is in contact with the confining pressure chamber 10, and then a sealing strip 33 may be installed in the sealing groove 32 to improve the sealing effect between the base plate 30 and the confining pressure chamber 10.
This infiltration chamber 20 is installed in the inside in confining pressure chamber 10, has certain interval with the inside wall in confining pressure chamber 10, including the cylindric leather sheath 21 of both ends opening with the circumference centre gripping rock core 50 that awaits measuring, and the fixed end cap 22 of sealing the leather sheath 21 upper reaches end, seal end cap 23 of sealing the low reaches end, be provided with respectively on fixed end cap 22 and seal end cap 23 along the axially intake duct 221 and the gas outlet 231 that runs through, this intake duct 221 and gas outlet 231 are used for communicateing infiltration chamber 20 and confining pressure chamber 10. In this embodiment, the fixing plug 22 is integrally formed with the chassis 30 and is formed by protruding one side of the chassis 30 to reduce the number of detachable connection points.
One end of the exhaust pipe 40 is located in the confining pressure cavity 10 and is connected with the air outlet channel 231 on the sealing plug 23 in a welding manner, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is bent and then penetrates out of the chassis 30 from the confining pressure cavity 10. The exhaust pipe 40 is directly connected to the external valve through the whole section of the complete pipeline, and splicing, diameter changing and other processing are not performed in the middle. The structure can reduce the problems of leakage point increase and volume increase caused by pipeline combination or splicing due to different heights of the core 50 to be measured.
In order to facilitate the adjustment of the exhaust pipe 40, a through hole 34 for the exhaust pipe 40 to extend from the inside of the confining pressure cavity 10 may be provided on the chassis 30, a support ring 41, an O-ring 42 and a pressing plate 43 are sequentially installed on one side of the through hole 34 facing the inside of the confining pressure cavity 10, and the pressing plate 43 is fixed to the chassis 30 by bolts. When the exhaust pipe 40 needs to be fixed in position according to the height of the test core 50, the bolt can be loosened, so that the exhaust pipe 40 slides relative to the through hole 34. After the exhaust pipe is adjusted to the proper position, the bolts are tightened, and the exhaust pipe 40 is tightly fixed to the through hole 34 by pressing the O-ring 42 with the pressing plate 43. The embodiment can press the O-ring 42 through the pressure plate 43 and the support ring 41 under the tightening force of the bolts and the base plate 30 to fill the gap between the base plate 30 and the exhaust pipe 40, so as to prevent the leakage of the confining pressure water body and the reduction or incapability of maintaining the confining pressure.
Because the exhaust pipe 40 and the air outlet 231 on the sealing plug 23 are welded and fixed, the exhaust pipe 40 can move synchronously with the sealing plug 23 during adjustment, thereby reducing the connection structure and reducing the possibility of leakage.
The supercharging device is used for providing vacuumizing and high-pressure gas for experiments, and comprises an air inlet system connected with an air channel on a chassis to provide specified gas pressure for a rock core to be tested, an exhaust system connected with an exhaust pipe to receive exhaust gas of the rock core to be tested, and a vacuum pump for vacuumizing the whole pipeline.
During the experiment, the core 50 to be tested is inserted into the leather sheath 21, the sealing plug 23 is used for sealing the downstream end of the leather sheath 21, then the core is placed into the confining pressure cavity 10 from the opening end of the confining pressure cavity 10, the opening end of the confining pressure cavity 10 is sealed by the base plate 30, meanwhile, the fixing plug 22 is inserted into the upstream end of the leather sheath 21, then the position of the exhaust pipe 40 penetrating out of the base plate 30 is adjusted according to the height of the core 50 to be tested, and then the core is sealed and fixed.
Supercharging device passes through the vacuum pump and carries out the evacuation to whole experimental system, then by confined pressure water pressure supercharging system through the water inlet 31 on the chassis 30 to confined pressure chamber 10 in water injection, the air in confined pressure chamber 10 is discharged by exhaust hole 11 on the confined pressure chamber 10, when gaseous back of exhausting up, can utilize the valve to seal exhaust hole 11, applys the confined pressure to infiltration chamber 20 through the water pressure boost, makes the pressure in the confined pressure chamber 10 than the blast pipe 40 internal pressure be greater than more than 3 MPa.
The air inlet system is inflated by an air inlet 221 on the chassis 30, high-pressure air enters the core 50 to be tested, the high-pressure air permeates from the lower part to the upper part of the core 50 to be tested through the permeation of the core 50 to be tested, finally enters the air outlet 231 and the exhaust pipe 40 from the upper end of the core 50 to be tested, and then enters the exhaust system after being discharged out of the confining pressure cavity 10 by the exhaust pipe 40.
By setting a certain gas pressure difference at two ends of the core 50 to be measured at the initial moment and measuring the attenuation curve of the pressure difference along with time in the inflation process, the permeability can be calculated. In the test process, the attenuation curve of the upstream and downstream pressure difference along with time is a direct measurement value, and the permeability value is a result calculated according to a certain flow model and according to the pressure attenuation curve along with time.
Generally, the faster the rate of change of pressure over time, the higher the permeability, given the same core 50 size (length and cross-sectional area) to be tested, cavity volume, temperature, test gas, and initial differential pressure. Thus, the rate of change of pressure differential over time is relatively low for the ultra-low permeability sample. The permeability of the sample directly determines the amount of gas that reaches the downstream of the rock to be tested from the upstream of the rock core to be tested in unit time. In addition, the size of the upstream and downstream cavities also has an effect on the rate of change of the pressure differential. The amount of gas passing through the low-permeability sample per unit time is small, and in order to ensure that the signal of the change of the pressure difference along with the change of the time is obvious enough, the volumes of the upstream cavity and the downstream cavity are required to be designed to be small enough to ensure that the change of the small gas amount is obviously reflected on the change of the pressure value. Through the installation structure of only one end opening of the confining pressure cavity and the exhaust pipe in the embodiment, the problem that the internal pressure is changed remarkably due to a plurality of leakage points of the existing measuring equipment can be solved.
In this embodiment, the volume of the air intake system 61 cut off from the lower end cross section of the core 50 to be tested is the same as or as close as possible to the volume of the air exhaust system 62 from the upper end cross section of the core 50 to be tested, and the volume can be set according to the lower limit of permeability that can be tested by the device.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a constant temperature circulating pipe 12 may be installed in the confining pressure chamber 10, the constant temperature circulating pipe 12 extends into the confining pressure chamber 10 from one end of the confining pressure chamber 10 opposite to the base plate 30, and is led out from the extending end after being uniformly distributed in the confining pressure chamber 10 around the periphery of the permeation chamber 20. The constant temperature circulating pipe 12 adopts a pipeline with uniform pipe diameter and is spirally distributed in the confining pressure cavity 10 in a surrounding manner so as to uniformly heat water in the confining pressure cavity 10, so that the water is kept in a constant temperature state required by an experiment, the temperature of the core 50 to be measured is constant through a constant temperature water bath, the influence of temperature change on gas and confining pressure can be eliminated, and the stability of a calculation result is ensured. The spiral pipelines are adopted for distribution, the space arrangement is convenient, the heat exchange area is increased, and the temperature stability of the confining pressure water body is facilitated.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a temperature sensor 35 for detecting the temperature of water in the confining pressure chamber 10 and a confining pressure sensor 36 for detecting the pressure inside the confining pressure chamber 10 may be installed on the base plate 30.
In one embodiment of the invention, in order to conveniently test cores to be tested with different diameters, grooves 24 with internal threads are respectively arranged on the opposite surfaces of the fixed plug 22 and the sealing plug 23, the grooves 24 are used for installing movable plugs 25 with different diameters, the diameter of each movable plug 25 is smaller than that of the fixed plug 22 and that of the sealing plug 23, the shape of each movable plug 25 corresponds to that of the sealing plug 23 and the fixed plug 22, and only a cylinder with external threads is arranged on the upper surface. When the diameter of the current core 50 to be measured is smaller than the diameters of the sealing plug 23 and the fixed plug 22, the movable plugs 25 with corresponding diameters can be selected and screwed into the grooves 24 on the sealing plug 23 and the fixed plug 22 by using cylinders, and each movable plug 25 is provided with an air hole 251 communicated with the air inlet channel 221 and the air outlet channel 231 on the fixed plug 22 and the sealing plug 23. When in use, only the movable plug 25 is partially inserted into the two ends of the leather sheath 21 to realize sealing, and the air holes 251 are respectively communicated with the air inlet channel 221 and the air outlet channel 231 after installation.
In this embodiment, the fixed plug 22 and the sealing plug 23 have the same diameter and are larger than the movable plug 25, and correspond to the diameter of the core 50 to be tested, which has the largest measurable diameter. Taking the core with the diameter of 1.5 inches and the diameter of 1.0 inch as an example, the diameter of the fixed plug 22 and the diameter of the sealing plug 23 are respectively 1.5 inches, the diameter of the movable plug 25 is 1.0 inch, and when the core with the diameter of 1.5 inches is tested, the fixed plug 22 and the sealing plug 23 can be directly used for sealing two ends of the leather sheath 21. When a core of 1.0 inch is tested, the movable plug 25 can be screwed into the groove 24 of the fixed plug 22 and the sealing plug 23, the movable plug 25 is used for directly sealing the leather sheath 21, and the fixed plug 22 and the sealing plug 23 are positioned outside the port of the leather sheath 21 in the state.
When plugs with different diameters are adopted, the corresponding positions can be changed, at the moment, the exhaust pipe 40 only needs to be adjusted to lift along with the position of the sealing plug 23, and after the exhaust pipe 40 is adjusted in place, the connecting part of the exhaust pipe 40 and the chassis 30 is sealed and fixed.
In the prior art, the measured cores have different diameters and different lengths, so that the sealing plug 23 and the exhaust pipe 40 with different lengths are designed, the existing exhaust pipe 40 is thick in design and does not have good flexibility in consideration of the requirement of high confining pressure resistance, and the sealing plug 23 and the exhaust pipe 40 with different lengths need to be calibrated in advance. In addition, volume is one of the input parameters for calculating permeability, so care needs to be taken to prevent confusion in the use of gas path volume in calculating permeability.
In the embodiment, the exhaust pipe 40 and the sealing plug 23 are welded and fixed, and the rock cores 50 to be measured with different lengths can be adapted by moving in the vertical direction without changing or disassembling the original structure. By adopting the integrated exhaust pipe, the volume of the exhaust pipe 40 can be kept unchanged while leakage points are reduced, the calibration times are reduced, the test core 50 with different diameters and lengths can be adapted by matching with the movable plug 25, the structural design that the sealing plug 23 needs to be replaced when the core with different diameters and lengths is tested in the prior art is avoided, the structural design and the disassembly process are simplified, and the possibility of leakage is reduced.
In addition, on the contact surface of the fixed plug 22 and the sealing plug 23, which is in contact with the movable plug 25, an annular sealing groove may be provided, and an O-ring may be installed to realize sealing by clamping the end surfaces of the two plugs.
By adopting the design of the invention, the leakage point can be reduced as much as possible when the large-diameter sample is measured, and meanwhile, when the small-diameter sample is measured, the O-shaped ring and the thread are used for sealing, so that the assembly is convenient and the good sealing effect can be ensured. From this, realize two-stage or multistage diameter's supporting use, need not to increase extra end cap and volume, reduced the dismouting again and the installation that end cap and blast pipe are connected, reduced the variable of test and calculation, saved the time, reduced gas leakage's risk, the gas circuit volume remains unchanged throughout moreover, and experimental data handles and is difficult to make mistakes.
In addition, when measuring the rock core 50 that awaits measuring of different length, only need loosen the seal structure on the chassis 30 during the installation, exhaust pipe 40 alright upper and lower adjusting position, wait to fasten the seal structure again after vertical position confirms can. In the test, enough space must be reserved under the chassis 30 to secure the space for the exhaust duct 40 to go down.
When the fixing plug 22 and the sealing plug 23 are used independently, in order to avoid the increase of the volume of the air path in the groove 24, a blocking block 26 for filling the groove 24 can be arranged, external threads are arranged on the outer surface of the blocking block 26, the shape of the external threads corresponds to the size of the groove 24, and after the blocking block 26 is screwed into the groove 24, the bottom surface of the blocking block is flush with the surfaces of the fixing plug 22 and the sealing plug 23. The plugs 26 may include a communicating plug 261 with a configuration that provides an air vent and a blocking plug 262 without a configuration that provides an air vent, and the plugs of both configurations may be used in different experiments.
In order to improve the sealing effect, corresponding clamps can be arranged at the two end parts of the leather sheath 21, and after the fixed plug 22 and the sealing plug 12 or the movable plug 25 are inserted into the leather sheath 21, the end parts of the leather sheath 21 can be tightened by utilizing the clamps so as to reduce leakage.
When the permeability of the core 50 to be tested is tested by using the pressure pulse attenuation method, and the core 50 to be tested is clamped, the plugs 26 on the fixed plug 22 and the sealing plug 23 both adopt the communication plug 261 with the gas hole in the middle, and high-pressure gas can pass through the core 50 to be tested from the upstream to the downstream through the two communication plugs 261.
When the permeability test is performed on the core 50 to be tested by using the in-situ test method, the plugging block 26 located at the downstream (air outlet end) is an air-hole-free plugging block 262, the plugging block 26 located at the upstream (air inlet end) is a communication plugging block 261 with an air hole in the middle, and high-pressure air can pass through the core 50 to be tested from the upstream through the communication plugging block 261 but cannot pass through the plugging block 262 at the downstream.
The rock core 50 to be tested in the two schemes is a columnar sample, and when the penetration test of the broken rock core 50 to be tested is carried out, the plugging block 26 at the downstream (air outlet end) adopts a sealing plugging block 262 without a through hole. The upstream (inlet) block 26 is replaced with an adapter, the other end of which is connected to a sample tank containing a comminuted sample. The sample tank does not need to be applied with confining pressure, and the gas circuit and the sample tank are subjected to constant temperature through a constant-temperature water bath.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the air intake system 61 of the pressurization system 60 includes an air intake pipe 611 connecting the air intake duct 221 and the vacuum pump 63 on the chassis 30, an air pressure system 612 providing high pressure air is connected in parallel to the air intake pipe 611, a first extended cavity module 613 for matching the permeability level of the core to be measured, a first sensing unit 614 for detecting the pressure and temperature of the air, and a first valve set for controlling the air intake pipe 611 to realize different on-off effects.
The exhaust system 62 of the pressurization system 60 includes an exhaust pipe 621 connecting the exhaust pipe 40 and the vacuum pump 63, the exhaust pipe 621 is connected with a second expansion cavity module 622 matching the permeability magnitude of the core to be measured, a second sensing unit 623 detecting gas pressure and temperature, and a second valve set controlling the exhaust pipe 621 to realize different on-off effects.
The volumes of the intake system 61 and the exhaust system 62 are as equal as possible. All sensors and valves can be connected and communicated with a computer through serial ports. According to the set testing process, the working states of all parts and valves are automatically controlled by a computer, the sensor values are automatically recorded at regular intervals without manual counting, and all recorded data can be output to a form file for subsequent calculation processing after the testing is finished.
In order to adapt to the high permeability sample test, the expansion chambers 613 and 622 in the air inlet pipe 611 and the air outlet pipe 621 are respectively provided with three stages of sub-expansion chambers, such as: the volumes of the three sub expansion cavities in the embodiment are respectively 20ml, 200ml and 500ml, and the opening or the closing is controlled by a first expansion cavity valve 615 and a second expansion cavity valve 624. The sum of the product of the three sub-expansion cavities is determined according to the upper limit value of the tested permeability. Taking the pressure pulse attenuation method as an example, if a millidarcy-level permeability sample needs to be tested, the sum of the volumes of the three sub expansion cavities and the main gas path needs to be more than 600 ml.
The first valve set in this embodiment comprises a first air inlet valve 616 for controlling the connection and disconnection between the air inlet pipe 611 and the chassis 30, a first air exhaust needle valve 617 for disconnecting the air inlet pipe 611 and the vacuum pump 63, a high pressure air inlet valve 618 for disconnecting the air pressure system 612 and the air outlet pipe 611, and a first expansion chamber valve 615 for respectively controlling the three sub expansion chambers in the first expansion chamber 613.
The second valve set includes a second needle suction valve 624 that disconnects the exhaust line 621 from the vacuum pump 63, and a second expansion chamber valve 624 that controls three sub-expansion chambers in the second expansion chamber 622, respectively.
An air suction valve 631 is provided at the vacuum pump 63 to disconnect the vacuum pump 63 from the air intake line 611 and the air exhaust line 621.
In the present embodiment, through the above setting and the matching between the blocking block 26 and the movable plug 25, a plurality of experimental modes can be implemented on the core 50 to be tested through a set of equipment, and the working process of the apparatus is described in detail below in a specific embodiment.
Example 1: a pressure pulse attenuation method test implementation step;
1) the core 50 to be tested is put into the infiltration cavity 20, the periphery of the infiltration cavity is sleeved with a leather sheath 21, the upper part of the infiltration cavity is blocked by a sealing plug 23, and the contact part of the leather sheath 21 and the sealing plug 23 is hooped by a hoop;
2) opening all the valves on the supercharging device 60 except the high-pressure air inlet valve 618, vacuumizing the air path by using a vacuum pump 63, covering the chassis 40 to enable the fixed plug 22 fixed together to be inserted into the upstream end of the leather sheath 21, then feeding water, increasing confining pressure, carrying out constant temperature on a confining pressure water body through a constant temperature water bath system 64, and carrying out constant temperature on the air path outside the infiltration cavity 20 through an air bath;
3) closing all valves on the supercharging device 60, selecting a proper sub expansion cavity according to the permeability magnitude range of the tested rock core, opening corresponding sub expansion cavity valves 615 and 614 at the upstream and downstream (the volume of the expansion cavity can be increased step by step for testing to find a proper expansion cavity configuration scheme), opening the high-pressure air inlet valve 618, closing the high-pressure air inlet valve 618 after the upstream pressure reaches the preset pressure, and finishing the test preparation state;
4) after the gas circuit and the water bath are at constant temperature, a 'start test' button on the computer is clicked, the air inlet valve 616 is automatically opened, and the time and the corresponding values of the upstream and downstream first sensing units 614 and the second sensing unit 623 are automatically recorded at regular time intervals.
5) After the pressures on the air inlet pipeline 611 and the air outlet pipeline 621 are balanced or the recorded data amount is enough, clicking a 'test stopping' button on the computer to automatically close the high-pressure air inlet valve 618 and stop data recording;
6) and finishing the step, opening all valves on the supercharging device 60 except the air inlet valve 616, closing all switches after vacuumizing, reducing confining pressure step by step, draining (opening an exhaust valve 13 on an upper cover of the confining pressure cavity 10, injecting supercharging gas to accelerate the drainage speed), opening the chassis 30, detaching the leather sheath 21 and the sealing plug 23 of the permeation cavity 20, and taking out the test core.
7) And (5) deriving a curve of the change of the pressure of the upstream and the downstream along with time, and calculating the permeability.
The calculation formula of the pressure pulse attenuation permeability of the common ideal gas (such as helium) with the same upstream and downstream volumes is taken as an example for explanation:
wherein t is time; p1,tAnd P2,tUpstream of time t respectivelyPressure and downstream pressure; p1,0And P2,0the parameter α can be expressed as:
wherein K is the permeability; a is the sectional area of the sample; l is the sample length; mu.sgIs the gas viscosity; v1And V2and obtaining a permeability parameter alpha by parameter fitting of a curve of the change of the upstream and downstream pressure difference along with time, and further calculating to obtain the permeability K.
Example 2: an in-situ test method implementation step;
1) the core 50 to be tested is put into the infiltration cavity 20, the periphery of the infiltration cavity is sleeved with a leather sheath 21, the downstream end of the leather sheath 21 is blocked by a sealing plug 23, the chassis 30 is covered to ensure that the fixed plug 22 fixed together is inserted into the upstream end of the leather sheath 21, and the contact part of the leather sheath 21, the fixed plug 22 and the sealing plug 23 is hooped by a hoop; different from the pressure pulse attenuation test, the plugging block 26 at the downstream (air outlet end) of the core to be tested is replaced by a plugging block 262 without an air hole in the middle, and the gas permeated by the core 50 to be tested cannot enter a downstream air passage through the plugging block 262. The air path from the exhaust duct 40 to the second needle suction valve 624, which is not included in this portion of the air path, was not used in this method test.
2) Opening all valves on the air inlet pipeline 611 except the high-pressure air inlet valve 618, vacuumizing the air inlet pipeline 611 by using the vacuum pump 63, covering the chassis 30 of the confining pressure cavity 20, feeding water, increasing confining pressure, keeping the temperature of the confining pressure water body constant by using the constant-temperature water bath system 64, and keeping the temperature of the air path outside the infiltration cavity 20 constant by using the air bath;
3) closing all valves, selecting a proper sub-expansion cavity in the proper first expansion cavity 613 according to the permeability magnitude range of the core 50 to be tested, opening the corresponding sub-expansion cavity valve 615 (the volume of the expansion cavity can be increased step by step for testing to find a proper expansion cavity configuration scheme), opening the high-pressure air inlet valve 618, closing the high-pressure air inlet valve 618 after the pressure in the air inlet pipeline 611 reaches a preset pressure, and finishing the test preparation state;
4) after the gas circuit and the water bath are at constant temperature, clicking a 'start test' button on the computer, automatically opening the gas inlet valve 616, and automatically recording the time and the pressure sensor value on the first sensing unit 614 at regular time intervals;
5) after the pressure value reaches the balance or the recorded data volume is enough, clicking a 'stop test' button on the computer, automatically closing the high-pressure air inlet valve 618 and stopping data recording;
6) and finishing the step, opening all valves on the air inlet pipeline 611 except the air inlet valve 616, closing all switches after vacuumizing, reducing confining pressure step by step, draining water (opening an exhaust valve 13 on the confining pressure cavity 20, injecting pressurized gas to accelerate the drainage speed), opening the chassis 30, detaching the leather sheath 21 and the sealing plug 23 on the permeation cavity 20, and taking out the test core.
7) And (4) deriving an upstream pressure time-varying curve and carrying out permeability calculation.
The general permeability calculation formula in situ test is taken as an example for explanation:
the permeability calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,
wherein K is the permeability in 10 units-3μm2(ii) a Phi is porosity; cgIs the gas compression factor; mu.sgIs the gas viscosity in mPa · s units; d. h is the intermediate variable in cm-1(ii) a L is the length of the test core in cm; a is the area of the end face of the tested rock core in cm2(ii) a c is the gas concentration in mol/m3；cs、ce、crThe gas concentrations in the sample chamber (from the gas inlet valve to the rock sample) at the initial moment, in the gas path during the balance and in the comparison chamber (the volume between the first gas inlet valve, the first air exhaust needle valve, the high-pressure gas inlet valve and all the closed sub-expansion cavity valves) at the beginning of the test are respectively unit mol/m3The pressure can be obtained by a gas state equation; subscript D represents a dimensionless number.
Example 3: a step of testing and implementing permeability of the broken rock core;
1) after the rock core to be measured is crushed to a preset mesh number, the rock core to be measured is loaded into a sample tank with a proper volume, and the sample tank is matched and sealed with a groove at the fixed plug 22 on the chassis 30 through an adapter; the plug 26 at the downstream (gas outlet end) of the core to be tested is replaced by a plug 262 without a gas hole in the middle, and gas cannot flow into the exhaust system 62 through the plug 262. The air path between the plugging plug 262 and the second suction needle valve 624 is not used in this method test and the valves described below do not include the valve in this portion of the air path.
2) Opening all valves on the air inlet pipeline 611 except the high-pressure air inlet valve 618, vacuumizing the air inlet pipeline 611 by using a vacuum pump 63, covering the chassis 30 of the confining pressure cavity 20, feeding water without increasing confining pressure, keeping the temperature of the confining pressure water body constant by using the constant-temperature water bath system 64, and keeping the temperature of the air path outside the confining pressure cavity 20 constant by using an air bath;
3) closing all valves, selecting a proper sub-expansion cavity according to the permeability magnitude range of the core to be tested, opening a corresponding sub-expansion cavity valve 615 (the volume of the sub-expansion cavity can be increased step by step for testing to find a proper sub-expansion cavity configuration scheme), opening the high-pressure air inlet valve 618, closing the high-pressure air inlet valve 618 after the pressure of the air inlet pipeline 611 reaches a preset pressure, and finishing the test preparation state;
4) after the gas circuit and the water bath are at constant temperature, a 'start test' button on the computer is clicked, the high-pressure gas inlet valve 618 is automatically opened, and the time and the value of the pressure sensor on the second sensing unit 614 are automatically recorded at regular intervals.
5) After the pressure value reaches the balance or the recorded data volume is enough, clicking a 'stop test' button on the computer, automatically closing the air inlet valve 616 and stopping data recording;
6) and finishing the step, opening all valves on the air inlet pipeline 611 except the air inlet valve 616, closing all switches after vacuumizing, draining (opening an exhaust valve 13 on an upper cover of the confining pressure cavity 20, injecting pressurized gas to accelerate the drainage speed), opening the base plate 30, disassembling the sample tank and the plug, and taking out the test core.
7) And (4) deriving a time-varying curve of the pressure on the air inlet pipeline, and calculating the permeability.
The calculation formula of the commonly used helium test for the permeability of the fractured core is taken as an example for explanation:
wherein Ra is the diameter of the pulverized sample, [ phi ] is the porosity of the sample, [ mu ] is the gas viscosity coefficient, cgIs a gas compression factor, s1For testing the later stage ln (F)R) slope of the straight-line part alpha varying with time t1Is an equationThe solution of (1). KcIs the ratio of the volume of sample removed from the sample chamber and the reference chamber to the volume of the internal bore of the sample.ρc0Is the initial average gas density, p, of the sample and reference chambers0Is the reference chamber initial gas density and ρ is the gas density. The device is used in the method test, the sample chamber is the space from the air inlet valve to the sample tank, and the reference chamber is the space between the air inlet valve, the high-pressure air inlet valve, the first air exhaust needle valve and all closed sub-expansion cavity valves.
The invention can adopt one set of equipment to complete three tests necessary for measuring permeability of anisotropic, heterogeneous and ultra-low permeability rock sample gas. The method has the advantages that the method realizes the test of the common gas pressurization system, the vacuum pumping system, the valve, the pressure sensor and most of gas circuits by three methods, saves the cost of raw materials, simultaneously reduces the occupied area, reduces two thirds of the work tasks of air tightness detection, pressure sensor calibration and the like in the production, debugging and later maintenance and repair processes, and can ensure the consistent system errors of different method results; meanwhile, the control system is integrally designed, so that the redundant design can be eliminated, and the workload is saved.
Thus, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-method same-machine testing device for gas permeability measurement of ultra-low permeability rock samples is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the confining pressure cavity is a circular cavity with one open end, and an exhaust hole is arranged on the end without the opening;
the permeation cavity is arranged in the confining pressure cavity and comprises a cylindrical leather sleeve with openings at two ends and sealing plugs for respectively sealing the downstream ends of the leather sleeve, and the sealing plugs are provided with air outlet channels which penetrate through the sealing plugs along the axial direction;
the chassis movably seals one end of the opening of the confining pressure cavity, and is provided with a water inlet for injecting water into the confining pressure cavity and a fixed plug which protrudes to one side to seal the upstream end of the leather sheath, and an air inlet channel which penetrates through the fixed plug along the axial direction is arranged on the fixed plug;
one end of the exhaust pipe is welded with the air outlet channel on the sealing plug, the other end of the exhaust pipe penetrates out of the chassis, a through hole for the exhaust pipe to extend out is formed in the chassis, a stainless steel gasket, an O-shaped ring and a pressing plate are sequentially installed on one side, facing the inside of the confining pressure cavity, of the through hole, and the pressing plate is fixed with the chassis through bolts;
and the supercharging device comprises an air inlet system connected with the air inlet on the chassis to provide specified gas pressure for the core to be tested, an exhaust system connected with the exhaust pipe to receive the gas exhausted by the core to be tested, and a vacuum pump for vacuumizing the whole pipeline.
2. The apparatus for gas permeability testing of ultra-low permeability rock samples according to claim 1,
the constant-temperature circulating pipe is installed in the confining pressure cavity, and the constant-temperature circulating pipe extends into the confining pressure cavity from one end, opposite to the base plate, of the confining pressure cavity and extends out from the end of the confining pressure cavity after being uniformly distributed.
3. The apparatus for gas permeability testing of ultra-low permeability rock samples according to claim 1,
the fixed plug and the sealing plug are provided with a groove with internal threads on the opposite surface respectively, the groove is used for installing and plugging movable plugs for rock cores to be tested with different diameters, the movable plugs are installed in the groove through threads, and the movable plugs are provided with air holes communicated with the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel.
4. The apparatus for gas permeability testing of ultra-low permeability rock samples according to claim 3,
the diameter of the movable plug is smaller than that of the sealing plug and that of the fixed plug, and the diameters of the sealing plug and that of the fixed plug correspond to the diameter of the core to be measured with the largest diameter.
5. The apparatus for gas permeability testing of ultra-low permeability rock samples according to claim 3,
still including being used for filling the sprue of recess, the sprue is twisted through the screw in the recess, the sprue including be provided with the gas pocket with the intercommunication sprue of intake duct or gas outlet duct intercommunication and solid shutoff sprue.
6. The apparatus for gas permeability testing of ultra-low permeability rock samples according to claim 3,
still including the sample jar that is used for splendid attire crushing rock core sample, the one end of sample jar pass through the adapter with groove connection on the fixed end cap.
7. The apparatus for gas permeability testing of ultra-low permeability rock samples according to claim 1,
the air inlet system comprises an air inlet pipeline connected with an air inlet channel on the chassis and the vacuum pump, an air pressure system for pressurizing air, a first expansion cavity module used for matching the permeability magnitude of the core to be detected, a first sensing unit for detecting the pressure and temperature of the air and a first valve group for controlling the air inlet pipeline to realize different on-off effects are connected to the air inlet pipeline in parallel;
the exhaust system comprises an exhaust pipeline connected with the exhaust pipe and the vacuum pump, a second expansion cavity module matched with the permeability magnitude of the rock core to be detected is connected to the exhaust pipeline, a second sensing unit for detecting gas pressure and temperature and a second valve group for controlling the exhaust pipeline to realize different on-off effects.
8. The apparatus for gas permeability testing of ultra-low permeability rock samples according to claim 1,
the base plate is provided with a through hole for the exhaust pipe to extend out, one side of the through hole facing the inside of the confining pressure cavity is sequentially provided with a stainless steel gasket, an O-shaped ring and a pressing plate, and the pressing plate is fixed with the base plate through a bolt.
9. The apparatus for gas permeability testing of ultra-low permeability rock samples according to claim 1,
and a clamp for fixing the sealing plug is arranged outside the leather sleeve contacted with the sealing plug.
10. The apparatus for gas permeability testing of ultra-low permeability rock samples according to claim 1,
the chassis is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the water temperature in the confining pressure cavity and a confining pressure sensor for detecting the internal pressure of the confining pressure cavity.
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