CN106813922B - Dynamic transmission error of gear measurement method and measuring device - Google Patents
Dynamic transmission error of gear measurement method and measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106813922B CN106813922B CN201710036841.1A CN201710036841A CN106813922B CN 106813922 B CN106813922 B CN 106813922B CN 201710036841 A CN201710036841 A CN 201710036841A CN 106813922 B CN106813922 B CN 106813922B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
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Abstract
The present invention relates to dynamic transmission error of gear measurement method and measuring devices, belong to gear-driven accuracy field of measuring technique.The development trend for going to replace the gear static accuracy based on gear geometry, kinematics research achievement to the gear dynamic precision based on nonlinear dynamic behavior research achievement is required for current gear measurement device, proposes the measurement method and motion transmission error measuring means of a kind of dynamic transmission error of gear.By gear Quick clamping device, realize that the gear of different dimensions is quick, high-precision replacement；Using precise mobile platform, accurate control centre is away from the adjustment with facewidth directioin parameter；Gear real work system mode is simulated using Simulated System, improves the measurement accuracy and confidence level of motion transmission error.Consider working gear load and lubricating condition, master is obtained, by the information of the Angle Position of gear using the high accuracy circular grating of non-fit, data processing is carried out than phase method using number, obtains dynamic transmission error of gear.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring a dynamic transmission error of a gear, belonging to the technical field of gear pair transmission precision measurement, precision test technology, instruments and mechanical transmission.
Background
The gear is widely applied to transmission systems of automobiles, ships, wind power and the like, and is an important transmission part in modern industry, traffic and energy power transmission. Because of the advantages of smooth transmission, accurate transmission ratio, high efficiency, long service life and the like, gear transmission still plays an important role in power transmission and is mechanical transmission with the widest application. Because of the restriction of gear processing technology and detection technology, China is a big country for manufacturing and using gears but not a strong country for manufacturing gears. One of the important reasons for this situation is that the quality of the produced gear cannot be evaluated comprehensively, objectively and correctly so as to guide the machining production.
The gear is used as an important transmission part in the modern automobile industry, is one of main vibration sources and noise sources in the automobile running process, and the dynamic behavior and the working performance of the gear have important influence on the whole automobile. It is generally accepted and believed that transmission errors affect speed and force variations during gear transmission, are the primary sources of gear vibration and noise, and are the primary sources of excitation for gear system vibration and noise. The vibration of the gears also affects the failure modes of the internal gears, such as: gear fracture, pitting and spalling, tooth surface gluing, root cracking, etc., and can also cause resonance in other systems of the vehicle, such as the braking and steering systems, affecting the reliability and safety of the finished vehicle.
The important index for measuring the gear meshing quality is the gear transmission precision, and one of the most important means for controlling the gear quality is the detection of the gear transmission precision. Many tests and experiments in the industry have confirmed that: vibration, noise and transmission error are directly related, and if the transmission error test is not carried out, the vibration and the noise are difficult to study and control. Moreover, the current transmission error test system is usually carried out under low speed and no load, and the transmission system is taken as an ideal system without vibration to carry out the test. Under a high-speed working condition, the current transmission error testing system cannot meet the requirement of accurate testing. Most of detection equipment only considers static errors under the no-load condition, ignores dynamic errors under the load condition, and cannot truly simulate the actual working state between gears, so that the authenticity of the gear transmission precision test is reduced.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the measuring method and the measuring device for the dynamic transmission errors of the gears are provided, the measuring device can truly simulate the actual working state between the gears, the dynamic transmission errors are measured under the load condition, and the authenticity and the reliability of the gear transmission precision test are improved. When the power torque of the hysteresis brake is zero, the measurement of the static transmission error between the gears under the condition of no load can be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the dynamic transmission error of a gear, which can simulate the actual working system (environment) state of the gear and measure the dynamic transmission error of the gear under the load condition in order to simulate the actual working system (environment) state of the gear and realize the measurement of the dynamic transmission error of the gear under the load condition.
A method for measuring the dynamic drive error of gear includes such steps as using non-contact high-precision circular raster to obtain the information about the angular positions of driven and driven gears, and digital phase comparison to process data to obtain the dynamic drive error of gear, ① using at least one sensor installed at the front end of main shaft of dynamic drive error measuring unit, experimental modal analysis to obtain the natural frequency and harmonic frequency of dynamic drive error measuring unit, ② changing the mechanical structure of dynamic drive error measuring unit to change its eigenmode frequency and harmonic frequency to approach the modal frequency of actual working system (environment) where the gear is to be measured, ③ setting proper rotation speed, load and lubricating condition by working condition regulation system to avoid the interference of resonance and lubrication to measured raster, ④ using circular angle sensor to obtain the phase comparison information about driven and driven gears, digital phase comparison to obtain digital signal, and calculating the dynamic drive error of gear.
The structure of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device is shown in figure 1, and the measuring device consists of a gear clamping device (7), a precision rotary shaft system (8), a precision moving platform (18), a motor (31), a coupler (32), a torque sensor (33) and a magnetic powder brake (34). The motor (31) is arranged on the precision moving platform in a screw connection mode through the matching of a spigot annular surface and a motor mounting hole on the precision moving platform (18) under the positioning and guiding effect of the spigot on the end surface. The power of the motor (31) is transmitted to the precision rotary shaft system (8) through the coupler (32), one end of the coupler (32) is connected with the motor (31) in a bolt driving and expanding mode, and the other end of the coupler (32) is connected with the precision rotary shaft system (8). The magnetic powder brake (34) of the hollow shaft type is directly connected with an output shaft of the torque sensor (33), the magnetic powder brake (34) is guided by a spigot short cone, and the end face of the magnetic powder brake is fixedly connected to the precise moving platform (18) in a screw compression mode. The load is output through a torque sensor (33) flange, a coupler (32) is connected with the precision rotary shaft system (8), and the fixed connection mode of the coupler (32) and the precision rotary shaft system adopts the expansion principle. The short cone at the front end of the precise rotary shaft system (8) is matched with the gear clamping device (7), the mounting precision is guaranteed by adopting an end face fitting mode, and the gear clamping device (7) is fixedly connected with the precise rotary shaft system (8) by adopting an inner hexagon screw connection method. The motor (31) is a synchronous torque motor, can accurately control the output of torque, and is matched with the torque sensor (33) to form a torque closed loop, so that the stability of the load in the measuring process is ensured, and the influence of load fluctuation on the precision of a detection result is avoided. The motor (31) forms a motion control system with the motion control unit through a driver, accurately controls the rotating speed and the torque in the measuring process in a torque closed loop, angular position closed loop and speed closed loop mode, and adjusts the lubricating condition in real time according to the measuring working condition. The rotating speed is adjusted, and any detection requirements can be met.
The structure of a precision moving platform (18) of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device is shown in fig. 2, and the precision moving platform (18) is composed of a driving end guide rail lock (19), a driving end guide rail (20), a measuring device base (21), a driving end lead screw seat (22), a driving end lead screw (23), a driving end box body (24), a long grating (25), a driven end box body (26), a driven end guide rail lock (27), a driven end lead screw (28), a driven end lead screw seat (29), a hand wheel (30) and a driven end guide rail (35). The driving end guide rail (20) is arranged in the y-axis direction of the measuring device base (21) in a mode of being fixed by screws and being tightly pressed by the guide rail pressing block; the passive end guide rail (35) is installed in the x-axis direction of the measuring device base (21) in a screw fixing and guide rail pressing block pressing mode. The driving end box body (24) is installed on the driving end guide rail (20) through a guide rail sliding block, and the driving end guide rail lock (19) is fixed on the driving end box body (24) through a screw. When the driving end box body (24) moves to a designated position along the driving end guide rail (20), the driving end box body (24) is locked to move through the driving end guide rail lock (19), the stability of the change of the center distance in the measuring process is ensured, and the interference caused by the random change of the center distance is avoided. The driving end screw rod seat (22) is fixed in the y direction of the measuring device base (21) through screws, and the driving end screw rod (23) is directly installed on the driving end screw rod seat (22). The passive end box body (26) is arranged on the passive end guide rail (35) through a guide rail slide block, and the active end guide rail lock (19) is fixed on the passive end box body (26) through a screw. When the passive end box body (26) moves to a designated position along the passive end guide rail (35), the passive end guide rail lock (27) locks the movement of the passive end box body (26), and the interference caused by random change along the tooth width direction in the measuring process is avoided. The passive end lead screw seat (29) is fixed in the x direction of the measuring device base (21) through screws, the passive end lead screw (28) is directly installed on the driving end lead screw seat (22), and the hand wheel (30) is installed at the tail end of the passive end lead screw (28). The long grating (25) is fixed on a measuring device base (21) through a screw, keeps parallel with the driving end guide rail (20), and monitors the change of the center distance. The precision moving platform can move along the x direction and the y direction, and the requirements of gears with different specifications on the distance between the center and the gear are met in the measuring process.
The structure of a precision rotary shaft system (8) of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device is shown in figure 3, wherein the precision rotary shaft system (8) is composed of a main shaft (9), a bearing cover (10), a locking nut (11), a rear bearing (12), a front bearing (36), a main shaft outer cylinder (13), a bearing lining (14), a bearing outer lining (15), a circular grating (16) and a main shaft end cover (17). The main shaft (9) and all shaft system components are arranged inside the main shaft outer cylinder (13) to form an independent shaft system unit. The circular grating (16) is arranged at the foremost end of the main shaft (9) in a screw fastening mode, and the main shaft end cover (17) is arranged at the front end of the main shaft outer cylinder (13) in a screw fastening mode, so that external dust, oil stains and the like are prevented from invading a shaft system, and the normal work of the circular grating (16) is prevented from being disturbed. The front end of the inner ring of the front bearing (36) leans against a front end boss of the main shaft (9), the front end of the outer ring leans against a front end boss of the outer cylinder (13), and the bearing lining (14) and the bearing outer lining (15) respectively prop against the rear end of the inner ring of the front bearing (36) and the rear end of the outer ring of the front bearing (36). The inner ring and the outer ring of the rear bearing (12) respectively abut against a bearing inner lining (14) and a bearing outer lining (15), the movement of the bearing inner ring and the bearing inner lining (14) is locked by a locking nut (11), a bearing cover (10) is pressed in from the rear end of a main shaft outer cylinder (13) through a screw, and the axial movement of the bearing outer ring and the bearing outer lining (15) is locked.
The structure of a gear clamping device (7) of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device is shown in figure 4, and the gear clamping device (7) consists of a short conical shaft (4), a gear expansion sleeve (6) and a gear (5). The short conical shaft (4) is matched with the gear (5) through a shaft and a hole, the gear (5) is installed on the short conical shaft (4), and the tail end of the gear is expanded through the gear expansion sleeve (6). The device has the advantages that when the specifications and the sizes of the gears are different, the precise shaft system does not need to be redesigned, only the short conical shaft (4) needs to be redesigned, the structure of the short conical hole is convenient for adjusting the installation precision of the gears, the gear expansion sleeve (6) which is screwed fast improves the speed of gear installation, and the convenience of operation is improved.
The structure of a gear expansion sleeve (6) of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device is shown in figure 5, the gear expansion sleeve (6) consists of an inner expansion sleeve (1), an outer expansion sleeve (2) and a screw (3), the outer expansion sleeve (2) is kept on the outer side, the inner expansion sleeve (1) is inserted from the tail end of the outer expansion sleeve (2), and the inner expansion sleeve and the outer expansion sleeve are combined into a whole through the screw (3). The expansion sleeve is characterized in that a tiny groove is formed in each of the inner expansion sleeve and the outer expansion sleeve, the elasticity of the inner expansion sleeve and the outer expansion sleeve is fully guaranteed, the inner expansion sleeve (1) and the outer expansion sleeve (2) are matched through conical surfaces, and when a screw is screwed down or loosened, the expansion amount of the expansion sleeve is adjusted. The taper of the inner and outer expanding sleeves and the length of the expanding sleeve determine the expanding amount of the expanding sleeve, and the larger the expanding amount is, the larger the torque can be borne.
A method for measuring the dynamic drive error of gear includes such steps as installing the fast gear clamping unit on the dynamic drive error measurer, using non-contact high-precision circular raster to obtain the information about the angular position of driven and main shafts, and digital phase comparison to obtain the dynamic drive error of gear pair, ① installing said fast gear clamping unit on the dynamic drive error measurer, ② using at least one sensor installed to the front end of main shaft of dynamic drive error measurer to obtain the natural frequency and harmonic frequencies of each order of dynamic drive error measurer, ③ changing the mechanical system structure of dynamic drive error measurer to change its eigenmode frequency and harmonic frequency to approach the mode frequency of actual working system (environment) where the gear to be measured is, ④ setting up proper rotation speed and lubricating condition to avoid resonance and interference to measured result, ⑤ using the angle sensor to obtain the drive angular position of driven shaft, and phase comparison to obtain digital phase comparison error.
The implementation method for measuring the dynamic transmission error of the gear by using the dynamic transmission error measuring device of the gear and the dynamic transmission error measuring method of the gear is as follows:
1) mounting a gear, ① adjusting the radial run-out and the end run-out of the shaft system by the aid of the matching of an inner conical surface of the short conical shaft (4) and a conical surface of the precise rotary shaft system (8) in a screw adjusting mode, detecting the mounting precision of the short conical shaft (4) by a dial indicator until the run-out precision of the shaft system meets the requirement, ② mounting the gear on a gear clamping device (7) by the aid of a gear expansion sleeve (6), adjusting expansion by the aid of screwing or loosening screws until the expansion quantity meets the bearing requirement;
2) adjusting the distance between the center distance and the tooth width direction, driving a screw rod by using a hand wheel (30), respectively adjusting the size of the center distance and the size of the gear direction, detecting the center distance by using a long grating until the measurement requirement is met, and then locking a driving end by using a driving end guide rail lock (19) and locking a driven end by using a driven end guide rail lock (27), so that the driving end and the driven end cannot move due to load in the measurement process to influence the measurement precision;
3) and obtaining the modal frequency of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device by using a modal analysis technology by using a sensor (at least one sensor) arranged on the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device. The method comprises the following steps of changing the intrinsic modal frequency and the harmonic frequency of the gear by changing the mechanical system structure of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device to approach the modal frequency of the actual working system where the gear to be detected is located;
4) starting a gear dynamic transmission error measuring device, and inputting main and driven gear parameters and operation condition parameters according to requirements; through a working condition adjusting system, proper measuring rotating speed and lubricating conditions are set, and the rotating speed and torque in the measuring process are accurately controlled in a torque closed loop, angular position closed loop and speed closed loop mode, so that the interference of resonance and lubrication on the measuring result is avoided;
5) after related parameters such as sampling frequency, sampling time, sampling mode and the like are set in data acquisition software, acquiring change information of the angular position of the active shaft and the passive shaft by using a circular grating angle sensor;
6) and acquiring the dynamic transmission error of the gear under the simulated real working condition by using a digital phase comparison method and a digital signal processing technology according to a transmission error calculation principle and generating a measurement report.
Current drive error test systems are typically run at low speed, no load, and test the drive system as an ideal, vibration-free system. Most of detection equipment only considers static errors under the no-load condition, ignores dynamic errors under the load condition, and cannot truly simulate the actual working state between gears, so that the authenticity of the gear transmission precision test is reduced. The invention provides a method and a device for measuring dynamic transmission errors of gears, which can truly simulate the actual working state between gears and measure the dynamic transmission errors under the load condition, and have the remarkable advantages that:
1) the gear real working condition simulation device has a real working condition, a modal frequency detection system and a structural frequency adjusting device are provided, the actual working condition of the gear can be simulated really, and the measurement result is more credible and real;
2) the gears have a plurality of measured size specifications, and the measuring device is provided with a precise moving platform, so that the measuring requirements of the gears with different specifications can be met, and the adjustment of the center distance can be precisely controlled;
3) the load is accurate and controllable, the torque is controlled in a closed loop manner in the measuring process, the load state in the measuring process can be accurately controlled, and the interference of load fluctuation on the measuring result is avoided;
4) the anti-interference capability is strong, and the angular displacement information is acquired by adopting a high-precision grating, so that the interference of the environment on the sampling process is avoided;
5) the gear is fast to clamp and high in precision, the gear is fast to clamp by adopting the precise expansion sleeve, the precision and the rapidness of gear installation are guaranteed, and the requirement of rapid measurement is met
6) The interface of the precision shaft system is universal, the gear clamping device adopts the matching of short conical surfaces, the interface is universal, the precision is high, and the manufacture is easy
7) The precision shaft system has large back bearing capacity and high rotation precision, the precision shaft system adopts the high-precision bearing capacity, the whole precision rotation shaft system independently forms a subsystem, and the processing and assembling precision is adjustable and controllable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a gear dynamic transmission error measuring device.
Fig. 2 shows a precision moving platform of the measuring device.
Fig. 3 shows a precision rotating shaft system of the measuring device.
Fig. 4 shows a gear chucking device of the measuring device.
Fig. 5 is a gear expansion sleeve of the measuring device.
Fig. 6 is a gear dynamic transmission error measurement process.
Fig. 7 is a process flow of gear dynamic transmission error signals.
FIG. 8 is a gear dynamic transmission error curve.
The labels in the figure are: 1-inner expansion sleeve, 2-outer expansion sleeve, 3-screw, 4-short conical shaft, 5-gear, 6-gear expansion sleeve, 7-gear clamping device, 8-precision rotation shaft system, 9-main shaft, 10-bearing cover, 11-locking nut, 12-rear bearing, 13-main shaft outer cylinder, 14-bearing lining, 15-bearing outer lining, 16-circular grating, 17-main shaft end cover, 18-precision moving platform, 19, guide rail lock, 20-driving end guide rail, 21-measuring device base, 22-driving end screw seat, 23-driving end screw, 24-driving end box, 25-long grating, 26-driven end box, 27-driven end guide rail lock, 28-driven end screw, 29-driven end screw seat, 30-a hand wheel, 31-a motor, 32-a coupler, 33-a torque sensor, 34-a magnetic powder brake, 35-a driven end guide rail and 36-a front bearing.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description. However, it should not be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and any technique realized based on the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the dynamic transmission error measurement process includes the following steps:
1) mounting a gear, ① adjusting the radial run-out and the end run-out of the shaft system by the aid of the matching of an inner conical surface of the short conical shaft (4) and a conical surface of the precise rotary shaft system (8) in a screw adjusting mode, detecting the mounting precision of the short conical shaft (4) by a dial indicator until the run-out precision of the shaft system meets the requirement, ② mounting the gear on a gear clamping device (7) by the aid of a gear expansion sleeve (6), adjusting expansion by the aid of screwing or loosening screws until the expansion quantity meets the bearing requirement;
2) adjusting the distance between the center distance (152.386mm) and the tooth width (30mm) direction, driving a screw rod by using a hand wheel (30), respectively adjusting the sizes of the center distance and the gear direction, detecting the center distance by using a long grating until the measurement requirement is met, then locking a driving end by using a driving end guide rail lock (19) and locking a driven end by using a driven end guide rail lock (27), and ensuring that the driving end and the driven end do not move due to load in the measurement process to influence the measurement precision;
3) and obtaining the modal frequency of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device by using a modal analysis technology by using a sensor (at least one sensor) arranged on the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device. The method comprises the following steps of changing the intrinsic modal frequency and the harmonic frequency of the gear by changing the mechanical system structure of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device to approach the modal frequency of the actual working system where the gear to be detected is located;
4) starting a gear dynamic transmission error measuring device, and inputting main and driven gear parameters and operation condition parameters according to requirements; through a working condition adjusting system, proper measuring rotating speed and lubricating conditions are set, and the rotating speed and torque in the measuring process are accurately controlled in a torque closed loop, angular position closed loop and speed closed loop mode, so that the interference of resonance and lubrication on the measuring result is avoided;
5) after related parameters such as sampling frequency, sampling time, sampling mode and the like are set in data acquisition software, as shown in a gear dynamic transmission error signal processing flow shown in fig. 7, change information of the angular position of the driving shaft and the driven shaft is acquired by using a double reading head of a circular grating angle sensor, and grating signals are acquired by a data acquisition unit after being processed by a signal conditioning unit DSI;
6) and in the measurement process of the dynamic transmission error of the gear, a pair of circular gratings with the same number of grid lines is adopted, and the number of pulses output by the circular gratings represents angle information. Therefore, the continuous comparison process of the transmission error is converted into the comparison process of the number of pulse signals with different frequencies by using a digital phase comparison method and a digital signal processing technology, and the equivalent of the circular grating pulse coaxially arranged with the input shaft and the output shaft is set as P1，P2. The transmission error value at the kth (k ═ 1,2, … n, a positive integer) sampling time is:
wherein,the number of output pulses of the input and output shaft circular rasters at the k (k is 1,2, … n) th time respectively, and i is a transmission ratio.
And then, according to the transmission error calculation principle, the dynamic transmission error of the gear under the condition of simulating the real working condition is obtained, the dynamic transmission error curve of the gear is shown in figure 8, and meanwhile, a measurement report is generated.
Claims (5)
1. Gear developments transmission error measuring device, its characterized in that: the measuring device consists of a gear clamping device (7), a precise rotary shaft system (8), a precise moving platform (18), a motor (31), a coupler (32), a torque sensor (33) and a magnetic powder brake (34); the motor (31) is arranged on the precision moving platform in a screw connection mode through the matching of a spigot annular surface and a motor mounting hole on the precision moving platform (18) under the positioning and guiding action of a spigot on the end surface; the power of the motor (31) is transmitted to the precision rotary shaft system (8) through the coupler (32), one end of the coupler (32) is connected with the motor (31) in a bolt driving and tightening mode, and the other end of the coupler (32) is connected with the precision rotary shaft system (8); the magnetic powder brake (34) in a hollow shaft type is directly connected with an output shaft of the torque sensor (33), the magnetic powder brake (34) is guided by a spigot short cone, and the end face of the magnetic powder brake is fixedly connected to the precise moving platform (18) in a screw pressing mode; the load is output through a torque sensor (33) flange, a coupler (32) is connected with a precise rotary shaft system (8), and the fixed connection mode of the coupler (32) and the precise rotary shaft system adopts the expansion principle; the short cone at the front end of the precise rotary shaft system (8) is matched with the gear clamping device (7), the mounting precision is ensured by adopting an end face fitting mode, and the gear clamping device (7) is fixedly connected with the precise rotary shaft system (8) by adopting an inner hexagon screw connection method; the motor (31) is a synchronous torque motor, can accurately control the output of torque, and is matched with the torque sensor (33) to form a torque closed loop, so that the stability of the load in the measuring process is ensured, and the influence of load fluctuation on the precision of a detection result is avoided; the motor (31) forms a motion control system with the motion control unit through a driver, accurately controls the rotating speed and the torque in the measuring process in a torque closed loop, angular position closed loop and speed closed loop mode, and adjusts the lubricating condition in real time according to the measuring working condition; the rotating speed is adjusted, so that any detection requirement can be met;
the precise moving platform (18) consists of a driving end guide rail lock (19), a driving end guide rail (20), a measuring device base (21), a driving end lead screw seat (22), a driving end lead screw (23), a driving end box body (24), a long grating (25), a driven end box body (26), a driven end guide rail lock (27), a driven end lead screw (28), a driven end lead screw seat (29), a hand wheel (30) and a driven end guide rail (35); the driving end guide rail (20) is arranged in the y-axis direction of the measuring device base (21) in a mode of being fixed by screws and being tightly pressed by the guide rail pressing block; the passive end guide rail (35) is arranged in the x-axis direction of the measuring device base (21) in a screw fixing and guide rail pressing block pressing mode; the driving end box body (24) is arranged on the driving end guide rail (20) through a guide rail sliding block, and the driving end guide rail lock (19) is fixed on the driving end box body (24) through a screw; when the active end box body (24) moves to a designated position along the active end guide rail (20), the active end box body (24) is locked to move through the active end guide rail lock (19), so that the stability of the change of the center distance in the measuring process is ensured, and the interference caused by the random change of the center distance is avoided; the driving end screw rod seat (22) is fixed in the y direction of the measuring device base (21) through a screw, and the driving end screw rod (23) is directly installed on the driving end screw rod seat (22); the passive end box body (26) is arranged on a passive end guide rail (35) through a guide rail sliding block, and the active end guide rail lock (19) is fixed on the passive end box body (26) through a screw; when the passive end box body (26) moves to a designated position along the passive end guide rail (35), the passive end guide rail lock (27) locks the movement of the passive end box body (26), so that the interference caused by random change along the tooth width direction in the measuring process is avoided; a passive end lead screw seat (29) is fixed in the x direction of a measuring device base (21) through a screw, a passive end lead screw (28) is directly installed on a driving end lead screw seat (22), and a hand wheel (30) is installed at the tail end of the passive end lead screw (28); the long grating (25) is fixed on a measuring device base (21) through a screw, keeps parallel with the driving end guide rail (20), and monitors the change of the center distance; the precision moving platform can move along the x direction and the y direction, and the requirements of gears with different specifications on the distance between the center and the gear are met in the measuring process.
2. The gear dynamic transmission error measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the precise rotary shaft system (8) consists of a main shaft (9), a bearing cover (10), a locking nut (11), a rear bearing (12), a front bearing (36), a main shaft outer cylinder (13), a bearing lining (14), a bearing outer lining (15), a circular grating (16) and a main shaft end cover (17); all the main shaft (9) and all shaft system components are arranged inside the main shaft outer cylinder (13) to form an independent shaft system unit; the circular grating (16) is arranged at the foremost end of the main shaft (9) in a screw fastening mode, and the main shaft end cover (17) is arranged at the front end of the main shaft outer cylinder (13) in a screw fastening mode, so that external dust and oil dirt are prevented from invading a shaft system, and the normal work of the circular grating (16) is prevented from being disturbed; the front end of the inner ring of the front bearing (36) leans against a front end boss of the main shaft (9), the front end of the outer ring leans against a front end boss of the outer cylinder (13), and the bearing lining (14) and the bearing outer lining (15) respectively prop against the rear end of the inner ring of the front bearing (36) and the rear end of the outer ring of the front bearing (36); the inner ring and the outer ring of the rear bearing (12) respectively abut against a bearing inner lining (14) and a bearing outer lining (15), the movement of the bearing inner ring and the bearing inner lining (14) is locked by a locking nut (11), a bearing cover (10) is pressed in from the rear end of a main shaft outer cylinder (13) through a screw, and the axial movement of the bearing outer ring and the bearing outer lining (15) is locked.
3. The gear dynamic transmission error measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the gear clamping device (7) consists of a short conical shaft (4), a gear expansion sleeve (6) and a gear (5); the short conical shaft (4) is matched with the gear (5) through a shaft and a hole, the gear (5) is installed on the short conical shaft (4), and the tail end of the gear is expanded through a gear expansion sleeve (6); the device has the advantages that when the specifications and the sizes of the gears are different, the precise shaft system does not need to be redesigned, only the short conical shaft (4) needs to be redesigned, the structure of the short conical hole is convenient for adjusting the installation precision of the gears, the gear expansion sleeve (6) which is screwed fast improves the speed of gear installation, and the convenience of operation is improved.
4. The gear dynamic transmission error measuring device of claim 3, wherein: the gear expansion sleeve (6) consists of an inner expansion sleeve (1), an outer expansion sleeve (2) and a screw (3), the outer expansion sleeve (2) is kept on the outer side, the inner expansion sleeve (1) is inserted from the tail end of the outer expansion sleeve (2), and the inner expansion sleeve and the outer expansion sleeve are integrated through the screw (3); the expansion sleeve is characterized in that the inner expansion sleeve and the outer expansion sleeve are respectively engraved with a tiny groove, the elasticity of the inner expansion sleeve and the outer expansion sleeve is fully ensured, the inner expansion sleeve (1) and the outer expansion sleeve (2) are matched by adopting a conical surface, and the expansion amount of the expansion sleeve is adjusted when a screw is screwed or loosened; the taper of the inner and outer expanding sleeves and the length of the expanding sleeve determine the expanding amount of the expanding sleeve, and the larger the expanding amount is, the larger the torque can be borne.
5. The gear dynamic transmission error measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the implementation method for measuring the dynamic transmission error of the gear by using the dynamic transmission error measuring device of the gear and the dynamic transmission error measuring method of the gear is as follows:
1) mounting a gear, ① adjusting the radial run-out and the end run-out of the shaft system by the aid of the matching of an inner conical surface of the short conical shaft (4) and a conical surface of the precise rotary shaft system (8) in a screw adjusting mode, detecting the mounting precision of the short conical shaft (4) by a dial indicator until the run-out precision of the shaft system meets the requirement, ② mounting the gear on a gear clamping device (7) by the aid of a gear expansion sleeve (6), adjusting expansion by the aid of screwing or loosening screws until the expansion quantity meets the bearing requirement;
2) adjusting the distance between the center distance and the tooth width direction, driving a screw rod by using a hand wheel (30), respectively adjusting the size of the center distance and the size of the gear direction, detecting the center distance by using a long grating until the measurement requirement is met, and then locking a driving end by using a driving end guide rail lock (19) and locking a driven end by using a driven end guide rail lock (27), so that the driving end and the driven end cannot move due to load in the measurement process to influence the measurement precision;
3) acquiring the modal frequency of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device by using a sensor arranged on the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device through a modal analysis technology; the method comprises the following steps of changing the intrinsic modal frequency and the harmonic frequency of the gear by changing the mechanical system structure of the gear dynamic transmission error measuring device to approach the modal frequency of the actual working system where the gear to be detected is located;
4) starting a gear dynamic transmission error measuring device, and inputting main and driven gear parameters and operation condition parameters according to requirements; through a working condition adjusting system, proper measuring rotating speed and lubricating conditions are set, and the rotating speed and torque in the measuring process are accurately controlled in a torque closed loop, angular position closed loop and speed closed loop mode, so that the interference of resonance and lubrication on the measuring result is avoided;
5) after sampling frequency, sampling time and sampling mode related parameters are set in data acquisition software, acquiring change information of the angular position of the driving shaft and the driven shaft by using a circular grating angle sensor;
6) and acquiring the dynamic transmission error of the gear under the simulated real working condition by using a digital phase comparison method and a digital signal processing technology according to a transmission error calculation principle and generating a measurement report.
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