CN110455247B

CN110455247B - Gear clamp suitable for roughness profiler

Info

Publication number: CN110455247B
Application number: CN201910879124.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林家春; 吕浩; 滕辰; 石照耀
Original assignee: Beijing University of Technology
Current assignee: Beijing University of Technology
Priority date: 2019-09-18
Filing date: 2019-09-18
Publication date: 2021-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-18
Also published as: CN110455247A

Abstract

The invention discloses a gear clamp suitable for a roughness contourgraph, wherein a gear mandrel is connected with a gear through an expansion sleeve, the gear mandrel is connected to a retainer of a dense ball shaft system through a short cone, a motor output shaft is connected with the dense ball shaft system through a coupler, an alternating current servo motor and a position-measuring circular grating form a closed-loop system, and the motor can control the gear to rotate around an X axis. The motion of the gear Y axis is controlled by the linear sliding platform in the Y axis direction, so that the contourgraph can measure the data of the whole tooth surface. The measured gear has two degrees of freedom in the Y axis direction and the X rotation direction, and the measurement requirements of all tooth surfaces of the gear can be met by combining a roughness profile meter. The designed gear clamp can be matched with roughness contourmeters of different models for use, and can finish measurement of gear tooth profile deviation, spiral line deviation, tooth pitch deviation and tooth surface roughness under the same clamping condition.

Description

Gear clamp suitable for roughness profiler

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of gear measurement, in particular to a gear clamp suitable for measuring gears of a roughness profile meter.

Background

The gear measuring means commonly used at present are a gear measuring center, a three-coordinate measuring machine, a portable gear measuring machine and measuring equipment based on an optical measuring technology. The conventional gear measuring equipment can measure the items such as tooth profile deviation, tooth pitch deviation, radial run-out and the like of the gear, and cannot measure the roughness of the tooth surface of the gear at the same time. In order to ensure that the influence of adverse factors such as gear transmission noise, impact, vibration and the like is reduced under rated power of the transmission gear, ensure higher working stability of gear transmission, ensure that the instantaneous speed ratio change of the gear transmission is as small as possible, strictly control the manufacturing quality of the tooth surface roughness of the gear, and particularly important is the measurement of the tooth surface roughness. The gear is measured by the roughness contourgraph, so that not only can the measurement of the roughness of the tooth surface be realized, but also the measurement of items such as gear tooth profile deviation, spiral line deviation, tooth pitch deviation and the like can be realized.

At present, no special clamp suitable for the roughness profiler exists, the existing clamping method is to directly fix the gear on a marble worktable of the roughness profiler through a clamping device, only single tooth profile of the gear can be measured by fixing every time, and the clamping is difficult. The clamping conditions are different every time, the measurement repeatability is low, and all tooth profiles of the gear cannot be evaluated simultaneously according to the measurement result.

In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a gear clamp suitable for a roughness profile gauge. The gear is measured by using the roughness profilometer, so that the measurement of the tooth profile deviation, the tooth pitch deviation and the tooth surface roughness of the gear can be completed under the same clamping condition. The gear clamp has the advantages of simple structure, high clamping precision and high assembling and replacing speed, and can improve the measurement speed of the gear greatly.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a gear measuring clamp suitable for a roughness contourgraph, which can be used for measuring gears of different specifications by combining roughness contourgraphs of different models.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a gear clamp suitable for a roughness profiler is characterized in that the gear clamp suitable for a roughness profiler is mounted on a marble platform of a roughness profiler 3. The gear clamp suitable for the roughness profile instrument comprises a gear clamp 2 and a linear sliding platform 1.

The gear clamp 2 comprises an alternating current servo motor 4, a motor reducer 5, a coupler 6, a dense ball shaft system 7, a grating shell 8, a gear expansion sleeve 10, a gear mandrel 11, a circular grating 12, a circular grating reading head 19, a bearing seat 13, a bearing pad 14, a right-angle support 15 and a clamp base 16. The bottom surface of the clamp base 16 is a reference surface, and the motor reducer 5 is a planetary reducer. The bearing block 13 and the right-angle bracket 15 play a role of supporting and fixing the gear clamp 2, and the clamp base 16 is a reference surface. The gear 9 to be tested is arranged on a gear mandrel 11 by using the tension force of a gear expansion sleeve 10, the gear mandrel 11 is arranged on a retainer 18 of a dense ball shaft system through a short cone, and a coupler 6 is connected with a reducer output shaft 17 and the dense ball shaft system 7. An inner hole in the right-angle support 15 supports one end of an output shaft of the motor, and the bottom end of the right-angle support 15 is fixed on the clamp base 16 through a bolt. The bearing seat 13 is matched with the dense ball shafting 7, and the bearing seat 13 is arranged on the clamp base 16 through a bearing pad 14. The input end of the dense ball shafting 7 is connected with the output shaft 17 of the motor reducer 5 through the coupling 6, and the gear mandrel 11 is fixed on the dense ball shafting retainer 18 through a short cone. The output shaft 17 of the motor reducer, the dense ball shaft system 7 and the gear mandrel 11 are concentric in three shafts. The circular grating 12 is arranged on the outer edge of a dense ball shafting retainer 18, two circular grating reading heads 19 are adopted, the two circular grating reading heads 19 are symmetrically fixed on the side surface of a bearing seat 13 through a reading head support, and the circular grating 12 and the reading heads 19 are sleeved by a grating shell 8. The circular grating 12 is used for detecting the rotation angle position of the gear 9 to be detected, and feeding back the detected signal to the upper computer software, and the upper computer software can control the alternating current servo motor 4 to drive the gear to rotate by a corresponding angle. The circular grating 12 and the alternating current servo motor 4 controlled by the upper computer form a closed-loop system, so that the control of the rotation angle of the gear around the Y axis is realized.

The linear sliding platform 1 comprises a stepping motor 20, a coupler 21, a trapezoidal screw slider 22, a ball screw 23, a vertical support 24, an optical axis 25, a grating scale reading head 26 and a linear grating 27. The side surface of the vertical bracket 24 is provided with a linear grating 27. The upper surface of the trapezoidal lead screw slider 22 is a reference surface. The coupler 21 connects the stepping motor 20 and the ball screw 23, and the optical axis 25 and the ball screw 23 are installed in a positioning hole of the vertical bracket 24. The trapezoidal screw slider 22 is connected with the ball screw 23, and the trapezoidal screw slider 22 can move on the linear sliding platform. The grating scale reading head 26 is connected to the side face of the trapezoidal screw rod sliding block 22 through a bolt, the linear grating 27 is connected to the side face of the sliding platform base, and the grating scale reading head 26 and the linear grating 27 are installed in parallel. The linear sliding platform 1 controls the gear 9 to be measured to move in the Y-axis direction, and different tooth profiles of the same gear tooth single-side tooth profile are measured. Fixing the gear 9 to be measured on the gear clamp 2, after measuring a tooth profile curve, driving the linear sliding platform 1 by the stepping motor 20, making the gear to be measured do linear motion in the Y-axis direction, after moving for a certain distance, measuring the current tooth profile by using the measuring head, and obtaining the tooth profile after the gear moves. And measuring the continuous moving gear with equal intervals, and acquiring data of the tooth profile surface. And integrating the tooth profile line data at equal intervals to obtain the information of the whole tooth surface.

The alternating current servo motor 4 is used for driving the gear 9 to be measured to rotate around the Y axis, and the circular grating 12 is used for measuring position information, so that a closed loop corner control system is formed.

The installation between axle and the gear adopts the gear to expand set 10 and connects, and the gear of different models cooperates different gear to expand set 10.

The output end 17 of the motor is connected with the gear mandrel 11 by adopting a dense ball shafting 7, and a retainer 18 of the dense ball shafting is provided with a circular grating 12.

A linear sliding platform 1 is additionally arranged in the Y-axis direction of the contourgraph, and a gear clamp 2 is placed on the reference surface of a trapezoidal screw rod sliding block 22 of the linear sliding platform. The sliding platform is moved by the stepping motor 20 to control the movement of the gear 9 to be measured in the Y-axis direction.

The lower bottom surface of the clamp base 16 is a smooth surface and is used as a reference surface for mounting with the linear sliding platform 1.

The invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention can be matched with roughness contourmeters of different models for use, and can finish the measurement of gear tooth profile deviation, helix deviation, tooth pitch deviation and tooth surface roughness under the same clamping condition.

2. The gear is installed by adopting the structure of the expansion sleeve and the gear mandrel, and the gear mandrel can be replaced according to the geometric parameters of the gear, so that the parameter range of the gear to be tested is enlarged.

3. According to the invention, the linear sliding platform is additionally arranged in the Y-axis direction, so that the gear can precisely move along the Y-axis direction, and the measurement of all tooth surfaces of the gear can be completed.

4. The gear clamping device is simple in structure, convenient for clamping the gear, and capable of greatly saving gear measuring time.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the gear clamp of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a circular grating mounting structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the shafting structure of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a linear sliding platform with linear grating according to the present invention.

Wherein: 1-linear sliding platform, 2-gear clamp, 3-roughness profiler, 4-motor, 5-motor reducer, 6-coupler, 7-dense ball shaft system, 8-grating shell, 9-gear to be tested, 10-gear expansion sleeve, 11-gear mandrel, 12-circular grating, 3-bearing seat, 14-bearing pad, 15-right angle support, 16-clamp base, 17-motor output shaft, 18-dense ball shaft system retainer, 19-circular grating reading head, 20-stepping motor, 21-coupler, 22-trapezoidal screw slider, 23-ball screw, 24-vertical support, 25-optical axis, 26-linear grating and 27-grating ruler reading head.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention. The gear clamp 2 is installed on the upper surface of a trapezoidal screw rod sliding block 22 of the linear sliding platform 1, and the linear sliding platform 1 is placed on a marble workbench of the roughness profiler 3. The gear clamp suitable for the roughness profiler is a gear clamp capable of realizing linear motion along the Y axis and rotary motion around the Y axis, and the motion direction and the numerical value of the clamp are controlled by a computer. The measurement principle is as follows: the computer controls the movement of the Y-axis and the Y-axis of the clamp in two degrees of freedom according to the parameters of the gear to be measured, the clamp is adjusted to enable the measuring head to generate required measuring movement relative to the gear to be measured, in the process that the measuring head moves along the tooth surface of the gear to be measured, the measuring head of the roughness profilometer acquires and stores data of the tooth surface, the data records the actual position and the shape of the tooth surface of the gear to be measured, and the actual position and the shape are compared with theoretical values through the computer, so that an actual error value is obtained. The roughness profilometer can measure and evaluate errors of gears of different models by being provided with the clamp, and a measuring result is printed.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gear clamp according to the present invention. The gear clamp comprises an alternating current servo motor 4, a motor reducer 5, a coupler 6, a dense ball shaft system 7, a grating shell 8, a gear to be tested 9, a gear expansion sleeve 10, a gear mandrel 11, a circular grating 12, a bearing seat 13, a bearing pad 14, a right-angle support 15 and a clamp base 16. The gear 9 to be tested is arranged on a gear mandrel 11 by using the tension force of a gear expansion sleeve 10, the gear mandrel 11 is arranged on a retainer 18 of a dense ball shaft system through a short cone, and a coupler 6 is connected with a reducer output shaft 17 and the dense ball shaft system 7. An inner hole in the right-angle support 15 supports one end of an output shaft of the motor, and the bottom end of the right-angle support 15 is fixed on the clamp base 16 through a bolt. The bearing seat 13 is matched with the dense ball shafting 7, and the bearing seat 13 is arranged on the clamp base 16 through a bearing pad 14. The lower bottom surface of the clamp base 16 is a smooth surface and is used as a reference surface for mounting with the linear sliding platform 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the shafting structure of the present invention. The input end of the dense ball shafting 7 is connected with the output shaft 17 of the motor reducer through the coupling 6, and the gear mandrel 11 is fixed on the dense ball shafting retainer 18 through a short cone. The output shaft 17 of the motor reducer, the dense ball shaft system 7 and the gear mandrel 11 are concentric in three shafts.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a circular grating mounting structure according to the present invention. The circular grating 12 is arranged on the outer edge of a dense ball shaft system retainer 18, two circular grating reading heads 19 are adopted, the two circular grating reading heads 19 are symmetrically fixed on the side surface of a bearing seat 13 through reading head supports, and the circular grating 12 and the circular grating reading heads 19 are sleeved by a grating shell 8. The circular grating 12 is used for detecting the rotation angle position of the gear 9 to be detected, and feeding back the detected signal to the upper computer software, and the upper computer software controls the alternating current servo motor 4 to drive the gear to rotate by a corresponding angle. The circular grating 12 and the alternating current servo motor 4 controlled by the upper computer form a closed-loop system, so that the control of the rotation angle of the gear around the Y axis can be realized.

Fig. 5 is a linear sliding platform with linear grating according to the present invention. The coupler 21 connects the stepping motor 20 and the ball screw 23, and the optical axis 25 and the ball screw 23 are mounted in a positioning hole of the vertical support. The trapezoidal screw slide 22 is connected with the ball screw 23, and the trapezoidal screw slide 22 can move on the linear sliding platform. The grating scale reading head 26 is connected to the side face of the trapezoidal screw rod sliding block 22 through a bolt, the linear grating 27 is connected to the side face of the sliding platform base, and the grating scale reading head 26 and the linear grating 27 are installed in parallel. The linear sliding platform 1 can control the gear 9 to be measured to move in the Y-axis direction, and can realize measurement of different tooth profiles of the same gear tooth single-side tooth profile. Fixing the gear 9 to be measured on the gear clamp 2, after measuring a tooth profile curve, driving the linear sliding platform 1 by the stepping motor 20, making the gear to be measured do linear motion in the Y-axis direction, after moving for a certain distance, measuring the current tooth profile by using the measuring head, and obtaining the tooth profile after the gear moves. And the continuous and equidistant moving gear is measured, so that the data acquisition of the tooth profile surface can be realized. The tooth profile line data with equal intervals are integrated to obtain the information of the whole tooth surface.

The using method comprises the following steps: when the roughness contourgraph is used for measuring the gear teeth, the gear clamp 2 for mounting the gear 9 to be measured is required to be fixed on the upper surface of the trapezoidal screw slide block 22 of the linear sliding platform 1, the linear sliding platform 1 is placed on a marble workbench of the roughness contourgraph, and the linear sliding platform 1 is adjusted to be parallel to the Y axis of the roughness contourgraph 3, so that the measuring head of the roughness contourgraph can measure the tooth profile from the gear tooth root to the tooth top. The bolt is used for generating pulling force to push the inner sleeve of the expansion sleeve inwards to pull the outer sleeve of the expansion sleeve outwards, the inner diameter of the inner sleeve is reduced, the inner diameter of the outer sleeve is increased, and pressure is generated between the gear 9 to be tested and the gear mandrel 11 to transmit torque through static friction force. After the gear 9 to be measured is installed, and a roughness profiler measures one tooth profile of the tooth surface, the stepping motor 20 is used for driving the ball screw 23 to move the trapezoidal screw sliding block 22, the gear linearly moves in the Y-axis direction, after a certain distance of movement, the current tooth profile is measured by the measuring head, and the tooth profile after the movement position can be obtained. After one tooth surface is measured, the gear is driven by the motor to rotate by an angle of 360 DEG/Z, and then the adjacent tooth surfaces on the same side can be measured. After Z-1 times of rotation, the same side tooth surfaces of all the gears can be measured. And analyzing and processing the obtained data to obtain a series of information such as tooth profile deviation, spiral line deviation, tooth pitch deviation, tooth surface roughness and the like.

The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A gear clamp suitable for a roughness profiler is characterized in that the gear clamp suitable for the roughness profiler is installed on a marble platform of the roughness profiler (3); the gear clamp suitable for the roughness profiler comprises a gear clamp (2) and a linear sliding platform (1);

the gear clamp (2) comprises an alternating current servo motor (4), a motor reducer (5), a coupler (6), a dense ball shaft system (7), a grating shell (8), a gear expansion sleeve (10), a gear mandrel (11), a circular grating (12), a circular grating reading head (19), a bearing seat (13), a bearing pad (14), a right-angle support (15) and a clamp base (16); the bottom surface of the clamp base (16) is a reference surface, and the motor reducer (5) is a planetary reducer; the bearing seat (13) and the right-angle bracket (15) play a role in supporting and fixing the gear clamp (2); a gear (9) to be tested is installed on a gear mandrel (11) by using the tension force of a gear expansion sleeve (10), the gear mandrel (11) is installed on a retainer (18) of a dense-ball shafting through a short cone, and a coupler (6) is connected with a reducer output shaft (17) and the dense-ball shafting (7); an inner hole on the right-angle bracket (15) supports one end of an output shaft of the motor, and the bottom end of the right-angle bracket (15) is fixed on the clamp base (16) through a bolt; the bearing seat (13) is matched with the dense ball shaft system (7), and the bearing seat (13) is arranged on the clamp base (16) through a bearing pad (14); the input end of the dense ball shafting (7) is connected with the output shaft (17) of the motor reducer (5) through a coupling (6), and a gear mandrel (11) is fixed on a dense ball shafting retainer (18) through a short cone; the output shaft (17), the dense ball shaft system (7) and the gear mandrel (11) are concentric in three axes; the round grating (12) is arranged on the outer edge of the dense ball shafting retainer (18), two round grating reading heads (19) are adopted, the two round grating reading heads (19) are symmetrically fixed on the side surface of the bearing seat (13) through a reading head support, and the round grating (12) and the round grating reading heads (19) are sleeved by the grating shell (8); the circular grating (12) is used for detecting the corner position of the gear (9) to be detected and feeding back the detected signal to the upper computer software, and the upper computer software can control the alternating current servo motor (4) to drive the gear to rotate by a corresponding angle; the circular grating (12) and an alternating current servo motor (4) controlled by an upper computer form a closed-loop system, so that the control of the rotation angle of the gear around the Y axis is realized;

the linear sliding platform (1) comprises a stepping motor (20), a coupler (21), a trapezoidal screw rod sliding block (22), a ball screw rod (23), a vertical support (24), an optical axis (25), a grating ruler reading head (26) and a linear grating (27); a linear grating (27) is arranged on the side surface of the vertical bracket (24); the upper surface of the trapezoidal lead screw sliding block (22) is a reference surface; the coupler (21) is connected with the stepping motor (20) and the ball screw (23), and the optical axis (25) and the ball screw (23) are arranged in a positioning hole of the vertical support (24); the trapezoidal screw rod sliding block (22) is connected with the ball screw (23), and the trapezoidal screw rod sliding block (22) can move on the linear sliding platform; the grating scale reading head (26) is connected to the side face of the trapezoidal screw rod sliding block (22) through a bolt, the linear grating (27) is connected to the side face of the sliding platform base, and the grating scale reading head (26) and the linear grating (27) are installed in parallel; the linear moving sliding table 1 controls the gear (9) to be measured to move in the Y-axis direction, so that different tooth profiles of the single-side tooth profile of the same gear tooth are measured; fixing a gear (9) to be measured on a gear clamp (2), after measuring a tooth profile curve, driving a linear sliding platform (1) by a stepping motor (20), enabling the gear to be measured to do linear motion in the Y-axis direction, and measuring the current tooth profile line by using a measuring head after moving for a certain distance to obtain the tooth profile line after the gear moves; measuring the continuous moving gear with equal spacing, and acquiring data of the tooth profile surface; and integrating the tooth profile line data at equal intervals to obtain the information of the whole tooth surface.

2. The gear clamp suitable for the roughness profilometer according to claim 1, wherein the shaft and the gear are connected by a gear expansion sleeve (10), and gears of different types are matched with different gear expansion sleeves (10).

3. The gear clamp suitable for the roughness profiler as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the output shaft (17) is connected to the gear spindle (11) by a dense ball shafting (7), and a dense ball shafting holder (18) is provided with a circular grating (12).

4. The gear clamp suitable for the roughness profiler is characterized in that a linear sliding platform (1) is added in the Y-axis direction of the profiler, and the gear clamp (2) is placed on the reference surface of a trapezoidal screw slide block (22) of the linear sliding platform; the sliding platform is moved through the stepping motor (20) to control the movement of the gear (9) to be measured in the Y-axis direction.

5. The gear clamp suitable for the roughness profilometer according to claim 1, wherein the lower bottom surface of the clamp base (16) is a smooth surface as a reference surface for mounting with the linear sliding platform (1).