CN106794022A - 用于化妆品应用的超声波方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
低频高振幅声波振动和高频低强度超声压力波的组合被施加到化妆品化合物和皮肤上,以促进化妆品化合物更好地渗透到表皮中。化妆品施用器装置包括用于产生声频振动和超声压力波的装置,所述声频振动和超声压力波用于将化妆品化合物安全地递送到表皮中,而皮肤中没有显著的温度上升。还公开了各种可移除的施用器和皮肤清洁附件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于化妆品应用的声波和/或超声波装置和方法。
背景技术
角质层,即表皮的最外层由死细胞(角质细胞)组成。这层死皮的目的是形成屏障以保护下面的活组织免受感染、脱水和化学侵袭。
不幸的是,保护身体免受感染的角质层的同一低渗透阻挡特性也抵抗有益的化妆品和化合物的渗透,例如保湿剂、α-羟基酸、胶原、维生素和血管扩张剂。此外,油性和充血的皮肤状况也降低了有益的皮肤治疗化合物的渗透。
本发明涉及的方法和装置促进使用耦合到皮肤的声波和超声能量,以临时增加皮肤的渗透性,并增强有益的化妆品和化合物到皮肤中的吸收。
现有技术的描述
在过去已经进行了许多尝试,以通过化学、电和超声方法增强化妆品化合物到皮肤中的渗透。
化学品修饰皮肤结构以允许化妆品渗透的应用被发现是危险的,因为虽然它提供了化妆品渗透的通路,但使得身体未被保护以抵抗有害环境,与角质细胞相互作用引起刺激、红斑(红色皮肤)和接触性皮炎。
通过称为电穿孔的方法施加电场以产生瞬时转运途径,以及称为离子电渗疗法的对分子进行电荷以增加它们到皮肤中的渗透的方法(US6,169,920)已被证明是昂贵且无效的。用于增加皮肤渗透性的电磨损装置(US8,386,027)除去了一些角质层,从而引起了强烈的刺激和不适。
在US6,322,532中描述的超声诱导药物递送(sonophoresis)的现有技术的努力集中在通过高频和高强度超声压力波驱动药物分子穿过皮肤。该方法具有组织加热和相关修饰以及有时破坏健康细胞的缺点。
虽然有了现有技术的教导,将化妆品化合物安全、有效、廉价和容易地递送到角质层下面的皮肤中的能力仍未解决。
针对上述未解决的需要,本发明的目的是提供一种皮肤护理方法和装置,以安全地增加角质层的渗透性,并将化妆品化合物深深地递送到真皮中。
发明内容
如在现有技术的描述中所述,典型的超声波装置的安全性由于该过程的高强度要求而受到损害,导致过度的组织加热及其相关的后果。
本发明的目的是改善典型的超声诱导药物递送装置的安全性,以在减少的超声强度下将化妆品化合物递送到真皮中。
通过利用与高频超声结合的施加到皮肤的非组织加热低频声波振动来增强超声压力波,本发明的方法实现了利用较低强度的超声压力波的这一目标。这种新方法的低频声波振动分量增加了皮肤的渗透性,并允许较低强度的非组织加热超声分量驱使化妆品化合物通过角质层进入真皮。此外,由于皮肤上的油和各种污染物可以减少化妆品化合物的渗透,任选的预处理皮肤清洁步骤是所公开的方法的一部分。
提供了一种新颖的装置,其具有同时产生触觉声波频率振动和超声压力波并将其施加到皮肤的能力。要强调的是,本发明的关键特征是触觉声波频率振动与超声压力波的协同应用,这允许利用较低强度的非组织加热超声波来促进化妆品化合物的渗透,并安全地驱动化妆品化合物进入真皮。
在上述讨论中,术语化妆品化合物和血管扩张剂包括但不限于皮肤护理产品如抗皱洗液、保湿剂、抗氧化维生素、α-羟基酸、脂质体、胶原、弹性蛋白、毛发生长和毛发去除剂化合物等。
附图说明
图1示出了由装置手柄、运动换能器颈部、包括超声换能器的施用器部分、驱动电机、电子控制器和电池组成的本发明的纵向截面图。
图2示出了该装置的颈部的横截面,其被配置为用作运动换能器。
图3A示出了该装置的与皮肤接触的施用器头。
图3B示出了装置的声频分量及其对角质层的影响。
图4示出了装置的声频振动和超声压力波分量的同时应用以及它们对角质层的组合效应。
图5示出了本发明的替代配置的纵向截面。
图6示出了设计用于解剖结构的凸起区域的可移除的施用器头。
图7示出了设计用于解剖结构的凹入区域的可移除的施用器头。
图8示出了用于清洁皮肤的可移除刷头。
具体实施方式
图1和图2示出了优选构造的超声波化妆品施用器20的发明。施用器20包括由例如丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)的刚性塑料材料构成的管状手柄部分22、颈部部分24和施用器头部分26、超声换能器28、驱动电机30、偏心重物32、电子模块36、电池组38,以及互连布线40。
超声换能器28通常由压电陶瓷材料构成,诸如由MorganMatroc,Inc.制造的PZT-8级铅锆钛酸盐或由许多其它实体制造的类似产品。如本领域技术人员通常实践的,超声换能器28的构造可以是单个或多个元件单元。
由于ABS优异的声学特性,ABS材料被用于施用器20。然而,许多其他刚性塑料材料可以替代以实现设计者的各种成本和性能目标。
控制开关34激励驱动电机30,其使偏心安装的重物32在2,000和25,000RPM之间旋转,理想速度是9,000RPM,从而产生施用器20的手柄22和颈部部分24在33至417赫兹之间的声频旋转振动44,其在本领域中被认为是相对低的声波频率振动,这将声频振动限定为在10至20,000赫兹之间。如图2所示,相对于横向方向Y,颈部24的横截面被设计为在垂直方向X上相对薄,从而显著地增加施用器头26的垂直振动42的幅度,同时显著地减小施用器头26的横向振动46的幅度。换句话说,施用器20的颈部部分24被设计为运动换能器,以将施用器20的手柄22部分的旋转振动44转换为施用器头26的基本上垂直的振动42,从而将电机30的旋转能量转换为施用器头26的垂直振动能量。
电池组38可以被构造为各种化学物质的单电池或多电池电池组,诸如碱性锰、镍-镉、Ni-Mh、锂或其它更新的构造。
电子模块36的主要功能是将电池组38的低压DC功率(通常为1.5至4.8VDC)转换为连续波或突发波模式的高电压(4.8至60伏特)的典型正弦波超声频率(通常为15kHz至20MHz)DC功率。
在激励驱动电机30的同时,开关34还激活电子模块36。通过互连布线40,电子模块36激励超声换能器28,超声换能器28与高频DC功率协调地收缩和扩展,并将该电功率转换成超声压力波48,其典型强度为0.05至0.5W/cm2。
在图3A中,施用器20的施用器头26示出为在角质层52的外表面顶上的位置中,所述角质层由填充有角蛋白纤维的扁平死细胞组成,所述角蛋白纤维被在松弛位置58中示出的有序脂质双层54A包围。角质层52的有序结构和有序脂质双层54A形成通常几乎不可渗透的皮肤结构。化妆品化合物50的薄层被显示为布置在施用器头部26的施用器接触表面92与角质层52之间。化妆品化合物50的通常非常有限量的小分子56被显示为略微渗入有序的脂质双层54A,而不需要来自施用器头26的辅助。
图3B示出了在角质层52的顶上以垂直振动42模式激活的施用器头26,并且化妆品化合物50的薄层被示出为布置在施用器头26的施用器接触表面92与角质层之间。施用器头26的垂直振动42(也用实线和虚线示出以说明振动)重复地压缩和放松角质层52和有序脂质双层54A,与施用器头26的高振幅低频振动模式协调地从松弛位置58到压缩位置60。在这种高振幅低声频振动42以及由此产生的角质层52和有序脂质双层54A的重复的压缩和松弛周期的重复和持续的影响下,脂质双层54A开始解体并形成化妆品化合物50的分子56通过的更大通道。杂乱脂质双层54B用虚线描绘。
图4示出了施用器头26与角质层52接触,同时具有布置在施用器头26的施用器接触表面92与角质层52之间的化妆品化合物50的薄层。超声换能器28被示出为由电子模块36通过连接布线40激励,并将超声压力波48辐射到角质层52和杂乱脂质双层548中。虽然超声波导技术已经被证明在20kHz至20MHz的频率范围内并且在连续波和突发波模式两者下都能工作,选择频率、驱动电压和模式的正确组合以匹配为系统选择的压电换能器的尺寸和特性是重要的。诸如PZT8制剂的硬质压电材料将在由高电压驱动时输出高超声功率强度以及相关联的组织加热。为了避免组织过热,在现有技术中已经证明20%的占空比(20%打开80%关闭)的突发模式是有帮助的。
现在,根据本发明,通过将非组织加热高振幅低声频机械振动42和超声压力波48同时应用于角质层52,可以进一步增强超声波治疗过程的安全性。由于存在施加到角质层52的高振幅低声频振动42(其建立通过角质层52的初始路径),可以显著减小超声压力波48的强度,导致组织加热的成比例的减少,同时保持过程的有效性。
如图4所示,高频超声压力波48比低声频振动42更深地穿透杂乱脂质双层54B。在20kHz至2MHz的优选频率范围内和在20%占空比的突发模式中,这些超声压力波48在脂质双层54B的深层内发展轻微的空化(cavitation),导致微观空气和/或真空袋部66,其起到进一步破坏图3A中所示的有序脂质双层54A形成杂乱脂质双层54B的作用,从而产生更多和更深的通道,用于使化妆品化合物分子56穿过角质层52、穿过杂乱脂质双层54B、穿过表皮62的底层并进入真皮64。
图5示出了本发明的替代构造的纵向截面,其中施用器80包括终止于由例如丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)的刚性塑料材料构成的有角度施用器头部分90的管状手柄部分82、超声换能器28、驱动电机30、安装在驱动电机30的输出轴上的偏心重物32、电子模块36、电池组38和互连布线40。
超声换能器28通常由压电陶瓷材料构成,诸如由MorganMatroc,Inc.制造的PZT-8级铅锆钛酸盐或由许多其它实体制造的类似产品。如本领域技术人员通常实践的,超声换能器28的构造可以是单个或多个元件单元。
由于ABS优异的声学特性,ABS材料被用于施用器80。然而,许多其他刚性塑料材料可以替代以实现设计者的各种成本和性能目标。例如,施用器接触表面92可以由不锈钢或其他金属材料构成。
控制开关34激励驱动电机30,其使偏心安装的重物32在2,000和25,000RPM之间旋转,理想速度是9,000RPM,从而产生施用器80的手柄部分82的在33至417赫兹之间的声频旋转振动44。
施用器头部分90的施用器接触表面92的角度定位87用作将手柄部分82的旋转振动44转换成施用器头部分90的施用器接触表面92的角旋转振动84的运动换能器。角旋转振动84产生施用器接触表面92在运动矢量86和运动矢量88的方向上二维振动运动。
虽然图5示出了角度固定的施用器头部分90的构造,但施用器80也可构造成具有用户可调节角度的施用器头部分90,其中用户可以改变施用器接触表面92的角度定位87,以增加或减少运动矢量86和运动矢量88的方向。递减角度87将减小运动矢量88的振动幅度,并增加运动矢量86的振动幅度。
电池组38可以被构造为各种化学物质的单电池或多电池电池组,诸如碱性锰、镍-镉、Ni-Mh、锂或其它更新的构造。
电子模块36的主要功能是将电池组38的低压DC功率(通常为1.5至4.8VDC)转换为连续波或突发波模式的高电压(4.8至60伏特)的典型正弦波超声频率(通常为15kHz至20MHz)DC功率。
在激励驱动电机30的同时,开关34还激活电子模块36。通过互连布线40,电子模块36激励超声换能器28,超声换能器28与高频DC功率协调地收缩和扩展,并将该电功率转换成超声压力波48,其典型强度为0.05至0.5W/cm2。
本发明的作为图5中所示的施用器80的实施例与本发明在图1、2、3A、3B和4中所描绘的施用器20的实施例以相同的方式起作用。更具体地,施用器头90的施用器接触表面92沿图5中所描述的运动矢量86方向的声频振动,与施用器头26的施用器接触表面92沿在图3B和图4中所描述的运动矢量42方向的声频振动以相同的方式起作用。从图5中所描述的施用器80辐射的超声压力波48与从图1中所描述的施用器头26辐射的超声压力波48以相同的方式起作用。两个实施例的基础科学是相同的。
图6示出了可移除的施用器头98,其被设计成将低频轨道振动84和振动运动矢量86和88以及超声压力波48传导到解剖结构的硬凸起区域,例如头皮、肘和类似区域。
如前面在图5中所描述的,施用器头90的施用器接触表面92通常由为解剖结构的软的柔性表面(例如面颊)设计的刚性或半刚性材料制成,其中解剖结构在轻微的压力下跟随施用器接触表面92,并且超声压力波48到解剖结构的传输容易实现。然而,当扁平的刚性施用器接触表面92被施加到诸如头皮的硬凸起区域时,其导致非常小的单点接触,这限制了超声波压力波到解剖结构的传输。
为了最大化超声压力波48到解剖结构的硬凸起区域的传输,可移除施用器头98由诸如硅橡胶的柔性超声传导材料制成,并且具有凹入接触表面96,其在轻微压力下容易地跟随解剖结构。为了进一步确保超声压力波48从超声换能器28到可移除施用器头98的良好传输,可以在施用器接触表面92和可移除施用器头98之间施加超声传导材料(例如水或凝胶)的轻微涂层。
图7示出了设计用于解剖结构的凹入区域的可移除施用器头100。在眼睛与鼻子之间或者在脸颊与鼻子之间的这种小的凹入区域通常不能被设计用于解剖结构的较大软表面的施用器接触表面92接近。可移除施用器头100由刚性或半刚性材料构成,例如ABS或柔性硅橡胶,所述刚性或半刚性材料将低频轨道振动84和振动运动矢量86和88以及超声压力波48传导到这些小的凹入区域中。
图8示出了安装在施用器80的施用器头部分90上的可移除清洁刷头112。刷头112通常由容纳多个刷毛簇114的半刚性ABS塑料材料构成。如在图5中详细地描述的,施用器电机30使施用器头部分90以轨道振动84模式振动。该轨道振动84传递到刷头112和多个刷毛簇114。当通过互连布线40激励时,超声换能器28产生并发射超声压力波48,超声压力波48由施用器接触表面92传导到刷头112和刷毛簇114,并从刷毛簇114辐射到使用者的皮肤。通过将轨道振动的刷毛簇114的轻微压力施加在皮肤上,使用者通过刷毛簇114和由刷毛簇114辐射的超声压力波48的协同擦洗作用有效地清洁皮肤。
图8还示出了结合不锈钢盖110的施用器头部90的可选构造。
尽管前面的描述包含许多特异性,但是这些不应被解释为对本发明的范围的限制,而是作为其优选和附加实施例的示例。本领域技术人员将能够容易地改变实施例中描述的各种部件的尺寸、形状和构造材料,并将本发明应用于各种类型的声波和超声能量应用。例如,用于增强皮肤清洁的附加的可移除和可互换的施用器(例如海绵、棉垫),以及通过施用器头的声波和超声频率运动增强的洗剂分配器是可能的。因此,本发明的范围不应由所示出的实施例来确定,而是由所附权利要求及其法律等同物来确定。
Claims (14)
1.一种促进化妆品或化学化合物渗透到人皮肤中的改进方法,包括将所述化合物施用于皮肤,然后对所述化合物和对所述皮肤施加声频振动,以打乱角质层和脂质双层的顶层,并且安全地增加所述皮肤的渗透性,同时向所述化合物和所述皮肤施加足够高强度的超声压力波,以在所述皮肤中引起轻微的空化,从而通过进一步使所述脂质双层无序化和进一步增加所述皮肤的渗透性而打开穿过所述角质层的更深的通道,以允许施用到所述皮肤的所述化合物的分子的更深渗透。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述声频振动在约33至约250Hz的范围内施加,而所述超声压力波以连续波模式在约15kHz至约20MHz的范围内施加。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述声频振动在约33至约250Hz的范围内施加,而所述超声压力波以脉冲波模式在约15kHz至约20MHz的范围内施加。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其中,在将所述化合物施用于皮肤之前,所述皮肤通过由与低频声波振动结合的超声压力波提供动力的装置来清洁。
5.一种用于改善化妆品或化学化合物到皮肤中的渗透的装置,包括手柄端和施用器端、用于产生所述施用器端的声频振动以增加所述皮肤的渗透性的装置、位于所述施用器中的超声换能器、产生和将超声频率电信号连接到所述超声换能器的装置,在被所述超声频率电信号激励时,所述超声换能器产生超声压力波,用于将所述超声压力波从所述施用器端传输到所述皮肤中,并且增加所述化合物到所述皮肤中的渗透。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,还包括向产生超声频率电信号的所述装置和产生所述施用器端的声频振动的所述装置提供动力的电池。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的装置,其中,所述施用器端的声波振动在约33至约250Hz的范围内,而由所述压电换能器产生的超声压力波以连续波模式在约15kHz至约20MHz。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的装置,其中,所述施用器端的声波振动在约33至约250Hz的范围内,而由所述压电换能器产生的超声压力波以脉冲波模式在约15kHz至约20MHz。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的装置,其中,所述施用器端的声波振动被运动换能器装置转换为垂直于皮肤的振幅相对大的分量,以及所述声频振动的平行于皮肤的振幅相对小的分量。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其中,所述运动换能器装置的振幅转换可由用户改变。
11.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其中,所述施用器接触表面是平坦的。
12.根据权利要求5所述的装置,还包括具有凹入接触表面的可移除的施用器附件。
13.根据权利要求5所述的装置,还包括具有凸起接触表面的可移除的施用器附件。
14.根据权利要求5所述的装置,还包括具有至少一个刷毛簇的可移除刷子附件,所述刷毛簇利用所述声波和所述超声频率振动来清洁所述皮肤,以进一步增强所述化合物到所述皮肤中的渗透。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3139845A1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
US20150313993A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
WO2015171208A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
JP2017521110A (ja) | 2017-08-03 |
EP3139845A4 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
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