Broadband three-way synthesized radio frequency microwave power amplifier
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic communication, in particular to a broadband three-way synthesized radio frequency microwave power amplifier.
Background
Radio frequency power amplifiers are an important component of various wireless transmitters. In the front-stage circuit of the transmitter, the power of the radio frequency signal generated by the modulation oscillation circuit is very small, and the radio frequency signal can be fed to an antenna to radiate after a series of amplification-buffer stages, intermediate amplification stages and final power amplification stages are needed to obtain enough radio frequency power. In order to obtain a sufficiently large rf output power, an rf power amplifier must be employed.
In the prior art, rf microwave broadband power amplifiers with bandwidths above octaves typically use even-numbered synthesis, such as 2-way synthesis or 4-way synthesis. For odd-path synthesis, existing rf microwave broadband power amplifiers are rarely used, because the odd-path synthesis is typically an in-phase synthesis in wilkinson mode, which narrows the bandwidth. However, in the practical application process, the rf microwave broadband power amplifier has the problem of insufficient power when using 2-way synthesis, and the power amplifier has the problems of large size, low efficiency and high cost when using 4-way synthesis. Therefore, in the technology of the broadband odd-circuit synthesis power amplifier at present, there is a strong need to develop a technology for synthesizing the broadband three-circuit synthesis power amplifier to solve the technical problem of even-circuit synthesis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art and provides a broadband three-way synthesized radio frequency microwave power amplifier which can realize the transformation of synthesis and load lines, has a simple circuit, can finally realize the effects of wide bandwidth and space saving, and is suitable for the use of radio frequency and microwave low-end frequency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the broadband three-way synthesized radio frequency microwave power amplifier is respectively connected with a radio frequency input end and a radio frequency output end, and is characterized in that: the device comprises an in-phase distribution circuit connected with a radio frequency input end, a three-way intermediate conversion circuit and an unbalanced transmission line transformer connected with a radio frequency output end; each intermediate conversion circuit in the three paths of intermediate conversion circuits is connected in parallel and then is respectively connected with the in-phase distribution circuit and the unbalanced transmission line transformer;
each path of intermediate conversion circuit comprises an input bias matching circuit, a radio frequency microwave push-pull transistor, an output feed matching circuit, a balance transmission line transformer and a transmission line balun which are connected in sequence; the input end of each path of intermediate conversion circuit is connected in parallel through an input bias matching circuit and then connected with the in-phase distribution circuit; the output end of each path of intermediate conversion circuit is connected with the unbalanced transmission line transformer after being connected in parallel through the transmission line balun.
Each intermediate conversion circuit in the three paths of intermediate conversion circuits is respectively connected with the in-phase distribution circuit and the unbalanced transmission line transformer through a Wilkinson distributor.
And each path of intermediate conversion circuit, wherein the input bias matching circuit is formed by connecting a balun I, a blocking capacitor and a peripheral circuit.
And each output feed matching circuit is formed by connecting a choke inductor, a bypass capacitor and a peripheral circuit. The output feed matching circuit of the invention adopts a choke inductance (or microstrip) and a bypass capacitor to complete the feed of the radio frequency microwave push-pull transistor and the radio frequency bypass of the direct current power supply part, and the feed can also be realized through the balance part of the balance transmission line transformer. The matching circuit here is typically either an LC matching of inductance and capacitance or a microstrip plus capacitance matching, either not if desired.
Each path of intermediate conversion circuit, wherein the balance transmission line transformer is a balance transmission line transformer with a conversion ratio of 1:4; the balance transmission line transformer is formed by connecting two balun pairs; the two balun pairs are crossed and connected in parallel through the input ends, and the output ends are connected in series to form the balanced transmission line transformer.
Specifically, the balun II is a coaxial cable with transmission line impedance of 16-18 ohms.
And each path of intermediate conversion circuit, wherein the transmission line balun is a coaxial cable with the transmission line impedance of 35 ohms. The balanced transmission line transformer with the transformation ratio of 1:4 can perform impedance transformation on the coaxial cable with the transmission line impedance of 35 ohms to transform the coaxial cable into the load line impedance of 8-9 ohms.
The unbalanced transmission line transformer is an unbalanced transmission line transformer with a transformation ratio of 1:4; the unbalanced transmission line transformer is formed by connecting two balun three; the two balun circuits are connected in parallel through the input ends and the output ends are connected in series to form the unbalanced transmission line transformer.
The balun III is a coaxial cable with a transmission line impedance of 25 ohms. The unbalanced transmission line transformer with the transformation ratio of 1:4 can perform impedance transformation on the coaxial cable with the transmission line impedance of 25 ohms to transform the coaxial cable into the load line impedance of 12.5 ohms.
The length of the coaxial cable is 0.01-0.4 times of the wavelength of the working frequency range of the coaxial cable.
The broadband three-way synthesized radio frequency microwave power amplifier adopts a plurality of transmission line transformers of ultra-broadband and balun (balun is balance-unbalance conversion) to cooperate, and realizes synthesis and load line conversion simultaneously by selecting special transmission line impedance configuration, so that the circuit is concise, and the finally realized functions of broadband and space saving are very suitable for application in radio frequency and microwave low-end frequency.
According to the rf theory, the rf output power is inversely proportional to the load line. Typical rf power amplifiers use transmission line transformers that use 1:4 or 1:9 conversion to achieve 12.5 ohm or 5.5 ohm load lines. The ratio of these two load lines is 2.25 times, so there is a one-time difference in output power capability, and when intermediate power is required, a 5.5 ohm load line is selected, where the output power is greater, but where the efficiency is lower due to the use of the back-off power. The load line of each path in the broadband three-path synthesized radio frequency microwave power amplifier is about 9 ohms and is just between 12.5 ohms and 5.5 ohms, so that the selectivity of the load line is increased, and the efficiency is higher when the broadband three-path synthesized radio frequency microwave power amplifier is applicable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the broadband three-way synthesized radio frequency microwave power amplifier can realize synthesis and load line conversion, has simple circuit, can finally realize the effects of wide bandwidth and space saving, and is suitable for the use of radio frequency and microwave low-end frequency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wideband three-way synthesized RF microwave power amplifier of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a wideband three-way synthesized RF microwave power amplifier of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
The present embodiment will be described below by taking a 100-400M300W power amplifier as an example.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the broadband three-way synthesized radio frequency microwave power amplifier is respectively connected with a radio frequency input end and a radio frequency output end, and comprises three-way in-phase distribution circuits connected with the radio frequency input end, three-way intermediate conversion circuits and an unbalanced transmission line transformer connected with the radio frequency output end, wherein each of the three-way intermediate conversion circuits is connected in parallel and then is respectively connected with the three-way in-phase distribution circuits and the unbalanced transmission line transformer.
Each path of intermediate conversion circuit comprises an input bias matching circuit, a radio frequency microwave push-pull transistor, an output feed matching circuit, a balance transmission line transformer and a transmission line balun which are connected in sequence; the input end of each path of intermediate conversion circuit is connected in parallel through an input bias matching circuit and then connected with the in-phase distribution circuit; the output end of each path of intermediate conversion circuit is connected with the unbalanced transmission line transformer after being connected in parallel through the transmission line balun.
In each path of intermediate conversion circuit, the input bias matching circuit is formed by connecting balun-T2, T6 and T14, blocking capacitors C5 and C9, C16 and C20, C27 and C31 and peripheral circuits. And the output feed matching circuit is composed of choke inductors L2 and L6, L9 and L13, L16 and L20, bypass capacitors C4 and C10, C15 and C21, C26 and C32, and peripheral circuit connections.
In each path of intermediate conversion circuit, the balance transmission line transformer is a balance transmission line transformer with a conversion ratio of 1:4, and consists of two balun two T11 and T12, T21 and T22, and T31 and T32 which are connected; the two balun bodies T11 and T12, T21 and T22, and T31 and T32 are connected in parallel in a crossing way through input ends, and the output ends are connected in series to form the balanced transmission line transformer. Also, balun two T11 and T12, T21 and T22, and T31 and T32 are coaxial cables having a transmission line impedance of 17 ohms and a length of 8 cm.
In each intermediate conversion circuit, the transmission lines balun T13, T23 and T33 are coaxial cables with the impedance of 35 ohms and the length of 10 cm.
The unbalanced transmission line transformer is an unbalanced transmission line transformer with a transformation ratio of 1:4, and is formed by connecting two balun three T41 and T42; the two balun three T41 and T42 are connected in parallel through input ends, and the output ends are connected in series to form the unbalanced transmission line transformer. While balun three T41 and T42 are coaxial cables with a transmission line impedance of 25 ohms and a length of 8 cm.
The length of the coaxial cable is 0.01-0.4 times of the wavelength of the working frequency range of the coaxial cable. If the length cannot meet the low frequency end or the inductance of the cable is insufficient due to the wide operating frequency range, a magnetic core can be added to increase the inductance.
Example two
The present embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that: each intermediate conversion circuit in the three paths of intermediate conversion circuits is respectively connected with the three paths of in-phase distribution circuits and the unbalanced transmission line transformer through a Wilkinson distributor.
Other structures of this embodiment are identical to those of the embodiment.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.