CN106770670B - Composite material defect discrimination method based on pulse ultrasonic holography - Google Patents

Composite material defect discrimination method based on pulse ultrasonic holography Download PDF

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CN106770670B
CN106770670B CN201611019188.XA CN201611019188A CN106770670B CN 106770670 B CN106770670 B CN 106770670B CN 201611019188 A CN201611019188 A CN 201611019188A CN 106770670 B CN106770670 B CN 106770670B
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pulse wave
cycle
ultrasonic
wave signal
composite material
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CN106770670A (en
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刘菲菲
刘松平
傅天航
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AVIC Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute
AVIC Composite Corp Ltd
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AVIC Composite Corp Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G01N29/075—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves by measuring or comparing phase angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/012—Phase angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0237—Thin materials, e.g. paper, membranes, thin films

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and relates to a composite material defect discrimination method based on pulse ultrasonic holography. The method is based on the interaction of the single-cycle ultrasonic pulse wave signal and the detected composite material, the full information such as the amplitude, the phase, the sound path and the like of the formed reflected single-cycle ultrasonic pulse wave signal is used for judging the defects and the properties thereof, the depth of the detected defects is determined, the detection signal is recorded and displayed in an ultrasonic RF mode, the ultrasonic transducer and the detected composite material are in contact wet coupling through a soft film, the frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is between 2 and 10MHz, and the detection thickness range is 0.2 to 20 mm. The actual detection effect shows that the defect misjudgment and the missing judgment in the ultrasonic detection of the composite material are obviously reduced, and the reliability of the ultrasonic detection of the composite material and the accuracy of the defect judgment are greatly improved.

Description

Composite material defect discrimination method based on pulse ultrasonic holography
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and relates to a composite material defect discrimination method based on pulse ultrasonic holography.
Background
At present, when the composite material is detected by an ultrasonic pulse reflection method, the method is mainly based on the received pulse echo signal
Figure GDA0002018360620000011
Performing a non-destructive inspection, where Ar(ωrtr) Which is indicative of the amplitude of the echo signal,
Figure GDA0002018360620000012
expressed as the phase, omega, of the echo signalrRepresenting the angular frequency, t, of the echo signalrIs the time of propagation of the echo signal. The defect discrimination method mainly uses the amplitude A of echo signals from the periphery of the defectr(ωrtr) The size of the detected signal is displayed in the form of Video (VF), Radio Frequency (RF) or C-scan image. On one hand, due to the characteristics of anisotropy and microstructure in the composite material, even if the composite material has no defect, a defect signal can be generated for display, so that a pseudo defect signal is displayed, and misjudgment is caused; 2) even when the amplitude of the "defect" signal displayed in the detection signal exceeds the predetermined discrimination threshold, it is not always necessaryIs a defect; 3) the type (i.e., nature) of the defect tends to be less correlated with the amplitude of the echo signal. Therefore, the composite material defect detection and discrimination are carried out according to the amplitude attribute of the detection signal; on the other hand, the conventional pulse ultrasonic detection instrument and transducer adopted at present can only provide one multi-cycle ultrasonic pulse echo signal, and the phase change caused by the change of defect properties
Figure GDA0002018360620000013
Is not obvious and even difficult to detect, particularly for laminated composite material structures, the thickness of a single layer is only about 0.13mm, and the corresponding ultrasonic propagation time trApproximately 80ns, resulting in
Figure GDA0002018360620000014
Submerged in multi-cycle signal, when ultrasonic frequency f is 5MHz, its pulse period tf200ns, when the period n of the received signal is 3-5, the time domain width T is 600->>trThereby causing
Figure GDA0002018360620000015
Is completely submerged in it and cannot be detected
Figure GDA0002018360620000016
The ideal case is n → 1. Therefore, the main disadvantages are: (1) it is difficult to determine the type of defect only from the amplitude of the detection signal and its magnitude; (2) due to the characteristics of anisotropy and physical composition of multi-directional components of the composite material, misjudgment is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite material defect discrimination method based on single-cycle pulse ultrasonic echo holography, which is not easy to cause misjudgment and can determine the defect type, aiming at a composite material structure.
The technical solution of the present invention is that,
detection and signal display
The ultrasonic detector for the composite material is used to detect the composite materialThe ultrasonic detection instrument comprises an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic unit and an RF signal display unit, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the ultrasonic unit through a high-frequency connecting cable, the ultrasonic unit is connected with the RF signal display unit, the ultrasonic transducer adopts an ultrasonic transducer with a single-cycle characteristic, the ultrasonic unit adopts an ultrasonic detection instrument or an ultrasonic unit with single-cycle pulse excitation and broadband RF signal processing functions, and the ultrasonic transducer is excited by the ultrasonic unit to generate a single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal
Figure GDA0002018360620000021
Then through the interaction of the coupling medium and the detected composite material, a part of single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signalsForming single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal on the surface of the composite material
Figure GDA0002018360620000023
Another single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal
Figure GDA0002018360620000024
Forming a single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal
Figure GDA0002018360620000025
Continue to propagate inside the composite material, while ignoring the dispersion and attenuation of sound waves in the composite material
Figure GDA0002018360620000026
Here, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
Figure GDA0002018360620000027
AP(ωptp)、
Figure GDA0002018360620000028
respectively representing the amplitude and phase of a single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal,
Ak(ωktk)、
Figure GDA0002018360620000029
respectively representing the amplitude and phase of the single-cycle transmitted ultrasonic pulse wave signal,
Af(ωftf)、
Figure GDA00020183606200000210
respectively representing the amplitude and phase of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal,
ωp≈ωk≈ωfω denotes the angular frequency of the single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal,
tp、tk、tfsequentially representing the propagation time of a single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal, a single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal and a single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal;
ρ0、ν0respectively representing the density and the speed of sound of the coupling medium,
ρ1、ν1respectively representing the density and acoustic velocity of the composite material being tested,
(1) when the composite material has no defect inside, the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal forms a single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal on the bottom surface of the composite material
Figure GDA00020183606200000211
The ultrasonic transducer receives a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse signal (5) from the detected composite material and a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic signal synthesized by the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse signal
Figure GDA00020183606200000212
Namely, it is
Figure GDA00020183606200000213
Here, Af(ωftf)、
Figure GDA00020183606200000214
Respectively showing the amplitude and the phase of a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal formed on the surface of the composite material,
Ab(ωbtb)、
Figure GDA00020183606200000215
respectively showing the amplitude and phase of a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal formed on the bottom surface of the composite material,
ωbω denotes the angular frequency of the one-cycle ultrasonic pulse wave signal,
tbrepresenting the propagation time of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal;
(2) when the composite material has defects, the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal forms a single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal in the defect area
Figure GDA00020183606200000216
And
Figure GDA00020183606200000217
the ultrasonic transducer receives a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal from the detected composite material in the defect area and synthesizes the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (3, 4) formed by the defect area and the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal
Figure GDA00020183606200000218
Namely, it is
Figure GDA00020183606200000219
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0002018360620000031
here, Ad1(ωd1td1)、
Figure GDA0002018360620000032
Respectively showing the amplitude and phase of a reflected single-cycle ultrasonic pulse wave signal formed on the surface of the defect area, and A at a certain time under other conditionsd1(ωd1td1)、
Figure GDA0002018360620000033
In relation to the nature of the defect,
Ad2(ωd2td2)、
Figure GDA0002018360620000034
respectively representing the amplitude and phase of a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (4) formed on the bottom surface of the defect region, and is related to the properties of the defect at a certain time under other conditions,
ωd1≈ωd2ω denotes the angular frequency of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal,
td1、td2respectively represents the propagation time of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal,
the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1' of the defect region forms a single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal on the surface and the bottom surface of the defect region
Figure GDA0002018360620000035
Andis represented by the formulae (5) and (6)
Figure GDA0002018360620000037
Figure GDA0002018360620000038
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0002018360620000039
Figure GDA00020183606200000310
here, Rd1、Rd2Respectively represents the sound pressure reflection coefficients of the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal on the surface and the bottom of the defect area,
ρ2、ν2respectively representing the density and the sound velocity of the defect area;
the distance, i.e., the depth, of the defect from the surface of the composite material is represented by formula (9),
Figure GDA00020183606200000311
(II) Defect discrimination and Defect type determination
And (3) judging the defect and judging the type of the defect by using the formulas (2) to (9) according to the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal displayed by the RF signal display unit:
1) when rho1＝ρ2、ν1＝ν2R is represented by the formulae (7) and (8)d1＝0、Rd2When the ratio is 0, it can be seen from formulas (5) and (6) that
Figure GDA00020183606200000312
And
Figure GDA00020183606200000313
then, according to equation (2), the RF signal display unit displays the signal:
Figure GDA00020183606200000314
showing that no defect exists in the detected composite material;
2) when rho1>ρ2、ν1>ν2When R is represented by the formulae (7) and (8)d1≠0、Rd2Not equal to 0, at this time, the RF signal display unit displays a signal
Figure GDA00020183606200000315
Indicating that there is a defect in the composite material being tested at this time, the phase is determined according to the equations (7) and (8)
Figure GDA00020183606200000316
The phase has bidirectional reversal and bimodal pattern characteristics, which show that the internal defect of the detected composite material is the defect of the resin-rich area, and the depth of the defect is determined according to the formula (9);
3) when rho1<ρ2、ν1<ν2R is represented by the formulae (7) and (8)d1≠0、Rd2Not equal to 0, at this time, the RF signal display unit displays a signal
Figure GDA0002018360620000041
Indicating that there is a defect in the composite material being tested at this time, the phase is determined according to the equations (7) and (8)
Figure GDA0002018360620000042
The phase position has bidirectional turnover and double-peak pattern characteristics opposite to those of the resin area, which shows that the internal defect of the detected composite material is inclusion of a high-density area at the moment, and the depth of the defect is determined according to the formula (9);
4) when rho1>>ρ2、ν1>>ν2As can be seen from the formulae (7) and (8),
Figure GDA0002018360620000043
at this time, the RF signal display unit displays the signal
Figure GDA0002018360620000044
Indicating that there is a defect in the composite material being tested at this time, according to equation (7), the phase
Figure GDA0002018360620000045
The phase presents unidirectional turning and unimodal graphic characteristics, which shows that the internal defect of the detected composite material is delamination or air hole at the moment, and the depth of the defect is determined according to the formula.
And the ultrasonic transducer and the detected composite material are in contact wet coupling by adopting a soft film.
The pulse frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is between 2 and 10 MHz.
The gain and the damping of the ultrasonic unit are adjustable, and the bandwidth is not less than 40 MHz.
The detection thickness range of the composite material formed by combining the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic unit and the RF signal display unit is 0.2-20 mm.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that,
the method is based on the interaction of a single-cycle ultrasonic pulse wave signal and a detected composite material, the identification of the defect and the property of the defect is carried out on the formed full information such as the amplitude, the phase, the sound path and the like of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal, the depth of the detected defect is determined, the detection signal is recorded and displayed in an ultrasonic RF mode, a flexible membrane contact wet coupling is adopted between an ultrasonic transducer and the detected composite material, the frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 2-10MHz, and the detection thickness range is 0.2-20 mm. The actual detection effect shows that the defect misjudgment and the missing judgment in the ultrasonic detection of the composite material are obviously reduced, and the reliability of the ultrasonic detection of the composite material and the accuracy of the defect judgment are greatly improved.
The invention utilizes the high-resolution ultrasonic transducer and the ultrasonic signal instrument to transmit/receive the ultrasonic holographic signal with strict single-cycle characteristic, further extracts the change of phase and amplitude caused by the change of defect property, and obviously improves the capability of distinguishing the defect property of the composite material.
The invention relates to a composite material defect discrimination method based on single-cycle pulse ultrasonic echo holography, which utilizes a high-resolution ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic signal instrument to transmit/receive ultrasonic holographic signals with strict single-cycle characteristics, so that n → 1 is realized, T is remarkably reduced, and then defect property change caused by defect property change is extracted
Figure GDA0002018360620000046
The defect type of the composite material is judged according to the change of the defect, so that the misjudgment and the missing judgment rate of the defect are greatly reduced.
The invention simultaneously utilizes the amplitude, the phase and the sound path of the single-cycle ultrasonic pulse echo from the detected composite material to judge the defect, further extracts the change of the phase and the amplitude caused by the change of the property of the defect, judges the defect and the property of the composite material and positions the depth, and obviously improves the accuracy and the reliability of the defect judgment in the ultrasonic detection of the composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the method for discriminating the defect of the composite material based on single cycle pulse ultrasonic echo holography of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1(a) is a schematic diagram of the method for discriminating the defect-free composite material, and FIG. 1(b) is a schematic diagram of the method for discriminating the fat-rich composite material;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the composite material defect discrimination method based on single cycle pulse ultrasonic echo holography of the present invention 2; wherein FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a method for discriminating high-density inclusions in a composite material, and FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of a method for discriminating a layer in a composite material;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for detecting and implementing the composite material defect discrimination method based on single-cycle pulse ultrasonic echo holography.
Detailed Description
1. A composite material defect discrimination method based on pulse ultrasonic holography is that,
detection and signal display
The composite material ultrasonic detection instrument is used for detecting a detected composite material 10 by a contact reflection method, and detection signals are displayed and recorded by the composite material ultrasonic detection instrument in an RF (radio frequency) mode, and comprises an ultrasonic transducer 11, an ultrasonic unit 8 and an RF signal display unit 9, as shown in figure 3, the ultrasonic transducer 11 is connected with the ultrasonic unit through a high-frequency connecting cable, the ultrasonic unit 8 is connected with the RF signal display unit 9, wherein the ultrasonic transducer 11 adopts an ultrasonic transducer with a single-cycle characteristic, the ultrasonic unit 8 adopts an ultrasonic detection instrument or an ultrasonic unit with the functions of single-cycle pulse excitation and broadband RF signal processing, and the ultrasonic transducer 11 is excited by the ultrasonic unit 8 to enable the ultrasonic transducer 11 to generate single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signals
Figure GDA0002018360620000051
Then through the interaction of the coupling medium and the detected composite material, a part of single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signals (1)
Figure GDA0002018360620000052
Forming a reflected single-cycle ultrasonic pulse wave signal 2 on the surface of the composite material
Figure GDA0002018360620000053
Another single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1
Figure GDA0002018360620000054
Forming a one-cycle transmitted ultrasonic pulse wave signal of 1'
Figure GDA0002018360620000055
Continuing to propagate inside the composite, as shown in FIG. 1, when the dispersion and attenuation of the acoustic wave in the composite are neglected, there is
Here, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
Figure GDA0002018360620000057
AP(ωptp)、
Figure GDA0002018360620000058
respectively representing the amplitude and phase of the single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1,
Ak(ωktk)、
Figure GDA0002018360620000059
respectively representing the amplitude and phase of the one-cycle transmitted ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1',
Af(ωftf)、respectively representing the amplitude and phase of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal 2,
ωp≈ωk≈ωfω denotes the angular frequency of the single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1,
tp、tk、tfsequentially representing the propagation time of a single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1, a single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1' and a single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal 2;
ρ0、ν0respectively representing the density and the speed of sound of the coupling medium,
ρ1、ν1respectively representing the density and acoustic velocity of the composite material 10 being tested,
(1) when the composite material has no defect inside, the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1' forms a single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal on the bottom surface of the composite material
Figure GDA0002018360620000061
As shown in figure 1, the ultrasonic transducer receives a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal 7 synthesized by a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal 5 and a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal 2 from a detected composite material
Figure GDA0002018360620000062
As in FIG. 1(a), i.e.
Figure GDA0002018360620000063
Here, Af(ωftf)、
Figure GDA0002018360620000064
Respectively showing the amplitude and phase of the reflected single-cycle ultrasonic pulse wave signal 2 formed on the surface of the composite material,
Ab(ωbtb)、
Figure GDA0002018360620000065
respectively show the formation of a reverse side on the bottom surface of the composite materialThe amplitude and phase of the single-cycle ultrasonic pulse wave signal 2 are emitted,
ωbω denotes the angular frequency of the one-cycle ultrasonic pulse wave signal 5,
tbrepresents the propagation time of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal 5;
(2) when the composite material has a defect inside, the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1' forms a single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal (3, 4) in the defect area
Figure GDA0002018360620000066
And
Figure GDA0002018360620000067
as shown in figure 1(b), the ultrasonic transducer receives a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal 2 from the detected composite material in the defect area, and the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal 3 and 4 formed by the defect area are synthesized into a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal 6
Figure GDA0002018360620000068
As in FIG. 1(b), i.e.
Figure GDA0002018360620000069
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA00020183606200000610
here, Ad1(ωd1td1)、
Figure GDA00020183606200000611
Respectively showing the amplitude and phase of a reflected single-cycle ultrasonic pulse wave signal 3 formed on the surface of the defect area, and A at a certain time under other conditionsd1(ωd1td1)、
Figure GDA00020183606200000612
In relation to the nature of the defect,
Ad2(ωd2td2)、
Figure GDA00020183606200000613
respectively, the amplitude and phase of the reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal 4 formed at the bottom surface of the defect region, at a certain time under other conditions, depending on the nature of the defect,
ωd1≈ωd2ω denotes the angular frequency of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signals 3, 4,
td1、td2respectively representing the propagation times of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signals 3 and 4,
the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1' of the defect region forms single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signals 3 and 4 on the surface and the bottom surface of the defect region
Figure GDA00020183606200000614
And
Figure GDA00020183606200000615
is represented by the formulae (5) and (6)
Figure GDA00020183606200000616
Figure GDA00020183606200000617
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA00020183606200000618
Figure GDA0002018360620000071
here, Rd1、Rd2Respectively represents the sound pressure reflection coefficients of the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal 1' on the surface and the bottom surface of the defect area,
ρ2、ν2respectively representing the density and the sound velocity of the defect area;
the distance, i.e., the depth, of the defect from the surface of the composite material is represented by formula (9),
Figure GDA0002018360620000072
(II) Defect discrimination and Defect type determination
Based on the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal displayed by the RF signal display unit 9, the defect discrimination and the defect type discrimination are performed by using the expressions (2) to (9):
1) when rho1＝ρ2、ν1＝ν2R is represented by the formulae (7) and (8)d1＝0、Rd2When the ratio is 0, it can be seen from formulas (5) and (6) that
Figure GDA0002018360620000073
And
Figure GDA0002018360620000074
then, according to equation (2), the RF signal display unit 9 displays the signal:the defect does not exist in the detected composite material 10 at this time, and the characteristic of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal received by the ultrasonic transducer is shown in fig. 1 (a);
2) when rho1>ρ2、ν1>ν2Then, from the formulae (7) and (8), R is shownd1≠0、Rd2Not equal to 0, at this time, the RF signal display unit 9 displays the signal 6
Figure GDA0002018360620000076
Indicating that there is a defect inside the composite material 10 being inspected at this time, the phase is determined according to the equations (7) and (8)
Figure GDA0002018360620000077
The two-way reversal and the double-peak pattern characteristic appear in the phase position, which indicates that the internal defect of the detected composite material 10 is the resin-rich area defect, the depth of the resin-rich area defect is determined according to the formula (9), and the ultrasonic wave is changed at the momentThe signal characteristics of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave received by the energy device are shown in fig. 1 (b);
3) when rho1<ρ2、ν1<ν2R is represented by the formulae (7) and (8)d1≠0、Rd2Not equal to 0, at this time, the RF signal display unit 9 displays the signal 6
Figure GDA0002018360620000078
Indicating that there is a defect inside the composite material 10 being inspected at this time, the phase is determined according to the equations (7) and (8)
Figure GDA0002018360620000079
The phase of the composite material 10 is opposite to that of the resin area, and the two-way turning and double-peak pattern characteristics appear, which indicates that the internal defect of the composite material 10 to be detected is a high-density area inclusion at the moment, the depth of the defect is determined according to the formula (9), and the characteristics of the single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal received by the ultrasonic transducer are shown in fig. 2 (a);
4) when rho1>>ρ2、ν1>>ν2As can be seen from the formulae (7) and (8),
Figure GDA00020183606200000710
at this time, the RF signal display unit 9 displays the signal 6
Figure GDA00020183606200000711
Indicating the presence of a defect inside the composite material (10) being inspected, the phase being determined according to equation (7)
Figure GDA00020183606200000712
The phase presents a single-direction reversal and a single-peak pattern characteristic, which indicates that the internal defect of the detected composite material 10 is delamination or air hole at the moment, the depth of the defect is determined according to the formula (9), and the characteristic of the single-cycle reflection ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic transducer at the moment is shown in fig. 2 (b).
5) Other types of defects can be classified and distinguished according to 1) to 4).
2. The ultrasonic transducer 11 and the composite material 10 to be detected are wet coupled by adopting a soft film contact.
3. The frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 11 is between 2-10 MHz.
4. The gain and the damping of the ultrasonic unit 8 are adjustable, and the bandwidth is not less than 40 MHz.
5. The composite material detection thickness range after the ultrasonic transducer 11, the ultrasonic unit 8 and the RF signal display unit 9 are combined is 0.2-20 mm, and the composite material detection thickness range is used for ultrasonic detection of composite materials with different thicknesses and judgment of defects of the composite materials.
Examples
By adopting the invention, MUT-1, FCC-D-1 and FCC-B-1 ultrasonic detection instruments and FJ-1 high-resolution ultrasonic transducers produced by Zhonghang composite material Limited liability company are selected, water film coupling is adopted to carry out series practical detection application on carbon fiber composite material structures with different thicknesses, wherein the size of the composite material structure is different from 100 multiplied by 100mm to 1500 multiplied by 5000mm, the thickness distribution is different from 0.5 mm to 20mm, and the practical detection result shows that: 1) when no defect is detected inside the composite material structure by ultrasonic wave, namely rho1＝ρ2、ν1＝ν2The detection signal has the ultrasonic signal characteristic shown in fig. 1(a), namely, no defect exists in the structure of the detected composite material; 2) when the composite material structure is detected by ultrasonic wave to have rich fat inside, namely rho1>ρ2、ν1>ν2The detection signal has the ultrasonic signal characteristic shown in fig. 1(b), namely, resin exists in the structure of the detected composite material at the moment; 3) when the metal inclusion (high-density inclusion) exists in the composite material structure through ultrasonic detection, namely rho1<ρ2、ν1<ν2The detection signal has the ultrasonic signal characteristic shown in fig. 2(a), namely, high-density inclusions exist in the structure of the detected composite material at the moment; 4) when the presence of delamination inside the composite structure is detected ultrasonically, i.e. rho1>>ρ2、ν1>>ν2The ultrasonic signal characteristic shown in fig. 2(b) appears in the detection signal, namely, delamination exists in the structure of the detected composite material. According to the invention, the defects and the properties of the composite material can be clearly distinguished, and good actual detection effect is obtainedFruit and application effects.

Claims (5)

1. A composite material defect discrimination method based on pulse ultrasonic holography is characterized in that,
detection and signal display
Adopt combined material ultrasonic testing instrument to detect by the contact reflection method to being examined combined material (10), detected signal carries out RF through combined material ultrasonic testing instrument and shows and the record, combined material ultrasonic testing instrument includes: the ultrasonic device comprises an ultrasonic transducer (11), an ultrasonic unit (8) and an RF signal display unit (9), wherein the ultrasonic transducer (11) is connected with the ultrasonic unit through a high-frequency connecting cable, the ultrasonic unit (8) is connected with the RF signal display unit (9), the ultrasonic transducer (11) adopts an ultrasonic transducer with single-cycle characteristics, the ultrasonic unit (8) adopts an ultrasonic detection instrument or an ultrasonic unit with single-cycle pulse excitation and broadband RF signal processing functions, the ultrasonic transducer (11) is excited through the ultrasonic unit (8), and the ultrasonic transducer (11) generates single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signals (1)
Figure FDA0002169389110000011
Then through the interaction of the coupling medium and the detected composite material, a part of single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signals (1)
Figure FDA0002169389110000012
Forming a first single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (2) on the surface of the composite materialThe other part is a single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1)
Figure FDA0002169389110000014
Form a single-period transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1')Continue to propagate inside the composite material, neglecting the sound wave in the composite materialWhen the frequency dispersion and attenuation are in the middle, there are
Figure FDA0002169389110000016
Here, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
Figure FDA0002169389110000017
AP(ωptp)、
Figure FDA0002169389110000018
respectively representing the amplitude and phase of a single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1),
Ak(ωktk)、
Figure FDA0002169389110000019
respectively representing the amplitude and phase of the single-cycle transmitted ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1'),
Af(ωftf)、
Figure FDA00021693891100000110
respectively representing the amplitude and phase of the first single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (2),
ωp≈ωk≈ωfω denotes the angular frequency of the single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1),
tp、tk、tfsequentially representing the propagation time of a single-cycle incident ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1), a single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1') and a first single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal (2);
ρ0、ν0respectively representing the density and the speed of sound of the coupling medium,
ρ1、ν1respectively representing the density and the speed of sound of the composite material (10) being tested,
(1) when there is no defect in the composite material, the single-cycle transmitted ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1') forms a second single sheet on the bottom surface of the composite materialPerireflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal (5)
Figure FDA00021693891100000111
The ultrasonic transducer receives a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (7) synthesized by a second single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (5) from the detected composite material and a first single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (2)
Figure FDA00021693891100000112
Namely, it is
Figure FDA00021693891100000113
Here, Af(ωftf)、
Figure FDA00021693891100000114
Respectively showing the amplitude and the phase of a first single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (2) formed on the surface of the composite material,
Ab(ωbtb)、
Figure FDA0002169389110000021
respectively showing the amplitude and phase of a second single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (5) formed on the bottom surface of the composite material,
ωbω denotes the angular frequency of the second one-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (5),
tbrepresenting the propagation time of the second single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (5);
(2) when the composite material has a defect inside, the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1') forms a third single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal (3) in the defect area
Figure FDA0002169389110000022
And a fourth single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal (4)
Figure FDA0002169389110000023
The ultrasonic transducer receives a first single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (2), and synthesizes the first single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (2) with a third single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (3) and a fourth single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (4) formed by the defect area into a single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (6)
Figure FDA0002169389110000024
Namely, it is
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002169389110000026
here, Ad1(ωd1td1)、
Figure FDA0002169389110000027
Respectively showing the amplitude and phase of a third single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (3) formed on the surface of the defect region, A at a certain time under other conditionsd1(ωd1td1)、
Figure FDA0002169389110000028
In relation to the nature of the defect,
Ad2(ωd2td2)、
Figure FDA0002169389110000029
respectively showing the amplitude and phase of a fourth single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (4) formed on the bottom surface of the defect region, at a certain time under other conditions, depending on the nature of the defect,
ωd1≈ωd2ω denotes the angular frequency of the third single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (3) and the angular frequency of the fourth single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (4),
td1、td2respectively representing the propagation time of the third single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (3) and the propagation time of the fourth single-cycle reflected ultrasonic pulse wave signal (4),
when the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1') of the defect region is formed on the surface and the bottom of the defect region, a third single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal (3)
Figure FDA00021693891100000210
And a fourth single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal (4)
Figure FDA00021693891100000211
Is represented by the formulae (5) and (6)
Figure FDA00021693891100000212
Figure FDA00021693891100000213
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
here, Rd1、Rd2Respectively represents the sound pressure reflection coefficient of the single-cycle transmission ultrasonic pulse wave signal (1') on the surface and the bottom surface of the defect area,
ρ2、ν2respectively representing the density and the sound velocity of the defect area;
the distance, i.e., the depth, of the defect from the surface of the composite material is represented by formula (9),
Figure FDA0002169389110000031
(II) Defect discrimination and Defect type determination
And defect discrimination and defect type discrimination are performed by using expressions (2) to (9) according to the single-cycle reflection ultrasonic pulse wave signal displayed by the RF signal display unit (9):
1) when rho1＝ρ2、ν1＝ν2R is represented by the formulae (7) and (8)d1＝0、Rd2When the ratio is 0, it can be seen from formulas (5) and (6) that
Figure FDA0002169389110000032
Andthen, according to equation (2), the RF signal display unit (9) displays the signal:
Figure FDA0002169389110000034
indicating that there are no defects inside the composite material (10) being tested at this time;
2) when rho1＞ρ2、ν1＞ν2When R is represented by the formulae (7) and (8)d1≠0、Rd2Not equal to 0, in this case, the RF signal display unit (9) displays a signal (6)
Figure FDA0002169389110000035
Indicating that there is a defect within the composite material (10) being tested, the phase being determined according to equations (7) and (8)
Figure FDA0002169389110000036
The phase has bidirectional reversal and bimodal pattern characteristics, which show that the internal defect of the detected composite material (10) is a resin-rich area defect, and the depth of the resin-rich area defect is determined according to the formula (9);
3) when rho1＜ρ2、ν1＜ν2R is represented by the formulae (7) and (8)d1≠0、Rd2Not equal to 0, in this case, the RF signal display unit (9) displays a signal (6)
Figure FDA0002169389110000037
Indicating that there is a defect within the composite material (10) being tested, the phase being determined according to equations (7) and (8)
Figure FDA0002169389110000038
The phase of the composite material is opposite to that of the resin area, and the two-way turning and double-peak pattern characteristics appear, so that the internal defect of the composite material (10) to be detected at the moment is a high-density area inclusion, and the depth of the defect is determined according to the formula (9);
4) when rho1＞＞ρ2、ν1＞＞ν2R is represented by the formulae (7) and (8)d1→-1，
Figure FDA0002169389110000039
At this time, the RF signal display unit (9) displays the signal (6)
Figure FDA00021693891100000310
Indicating the presence of a defect inside the composite material (10) being inspected, the phase being determined according to equation (7)
Figure FDA00021693891100000311
The phase presents a one-way flip and unimodal graphical feature, indicating that the internal defect of the composite material (10) being tested is delamination or porosity at this time, and the depth of the defect is determined according to equation (9).
2. The method for distinguishing the defects of the composite material based on the pulse ultrasonic holography as claimed in claim 1, wherein a soft film contact wet coupling is adopted between the ultrasonic transducer (11) and the composite material (10) to be detected.
3. The method for discriminating the defect of the composite material based on the impulse ultrasound holography as claimed in claim 1, wherein the impulse frequency range of the ultrasonic transducer (11) is 2-10 MHz.
4. The method for distinguishing the defects of the composite material based on the pulse ultrasonic holography as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gain and the damping of the ultrasonic unit (8) are adjustable, and the bandwidth is not less than 40 MHz.
5. The method for distinguishing the defects of the composite material based on the impulse ultrasound holography as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite material detection thickness range after the combination of the ultrasonic transducer (11), the ultrasonic unit (8) and the RF signal display unit (9) is 0.2-20 mm.
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