CN1067696A - New cultivating method able to resisting flood and drought - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of new cultivating method able to resisting flood and drought, wall is covered with the antiseep plastic sheeting to it is characterized in that reaching all around by the retaining bottom of trench, there is the lid of anti-water surface evaporation on the ditch top, have the ventilation water flowing duct of available resistance filter thing regulation and control around the top of ditch, and be linked to be new retaining filling row net by the original irrigation drainage channel between the retaining ditch.Its overall application is promoted, and will improve original farm field irrigation drainage system greatly.

Description

New cultivating method able to resisting flood and drought

The invention belongs to irrigation and water conservancy breeding new method.

Irrigation and water conservancy breeding technology often has report both at home and abroad.For example, the water storage project of reinforced concrete masonry, the rainfall that can block the collection hillside not only can be used for irrigation but also can breed fish through stream.But owing to expend a large amount of building materials, the cost height, the cost of per 100 cubes of reservoirs often reaches thousands of units up to ten thousand, is difficult to application in the agricultural production, can only do to be used for irrigating under the condition that the human livestock drinking water engineering has a surplus.Another kind is that " Dao Gouyu " technology is widelyd popularize in present certain areas.Promptly dig rectangular trapezoidal cross-section reservoir, directly be used for retaining the too much rain flood of field face and breed fish on ridge field crops sides such as side, rice field or sugarcanes.But owing to can't resolve seepage, the problem of evaporation adds reserve-water-raise-fish again and causes that the field groundwater table rises, and has to solve by strengthening ridge culture height engineering quantity, and therefore, it can only be used in some and come the abundant area, paddy field of water.Existing farm field irrigation drainage net can only be used for irrigating and draining, and often is subjected to the restriction at water source, and few water or anhydrous filling when making drought in the time of waterlogging, are difficult in time discharging, and more can not take precautions against drought at every field retaining and irrigate double breeding fish.

In order to overcome the problem that prior art exists, it is little that task of the present invention provides a kind of investment, brings notable results the new method that can combine effective flood control, drought resisting, water drainage and farmland breeding closely.

Whole technique solution of the present invention is: by the arable land that comprises the nonirrigated farmland, paddy field, original irrigation drainage channel along the farmland, particularly along lateral canal, field ditch, the bucket ditch, farm ditch, until sublateral canal, add again by 5～30% of the every mu of area in farmland that to dig a rule dark wide each 1～3 meter, vertical and horizontal section is in echelon retaining ditch all, finishing compacting light is flat, there is not sharp thing puncture, repaving whole long piece plastic sheeting allows and turns up all around, and with the edge of soil compaction film, wall all has the retaining ditch of plastic sheeting to play the effect of antiseep to make bottom of trench reach all around, cover the lid of forming by the sunshade faces of keeping out the wind such as climbing plant that add plantation on bamboo cement bracing frame and the black plastic film by one by one then, prevent that the water surface from evaporating arbitrarily.Wherein cement beam bracing frame size mainly decides according to the maximum weight of kind climbing plant with quantity.At last, for the fish that guarantees the retaining ditch had both obtained enough oxygen, do not make air stream take away the excess moisture of the water surface again, and be convenient to field face rainwater and flow back to the retaining ditch, around the top of ditch, have the ventilation water flowing duct of resistance filter thing regulation and control such as available mud grass, grating, and by original irrigation drainage channel these retaining ditches are coupled together one by one, form new retaining and irritate row's net.

Row's net is irritated in this new retaining, owing to be the quality according to original water conservancy condition, add to dig on the basis of original irrigation drainage channel by 5～30% of average every mu of farmland area and forms.Even by not influencing about 1.5 meters the safety depth calculating of breeding fish and not soaking the adult nostril after the cutout, its water retention capacity will reach 50～300 side/mus.For guaranteeing effective flood control, drought resisting, water drainage and area output, and ditching water storage project amount is unlikely excessive, we get wherein general commonly used 10% for example, and that is exactly every mu on average 45 meters of length overalls, average wide and effectively dark each 1.5 meters, but frequent retaining 100 sides' retaining ditch.Between retaining ditch and the retaining ditch 2～6 meters distance to be arranged, so that machinery is current and the safety of mud wall partition wall.From the angle of water logging control, general cereal crops can only anti-ly be flooded 2～3 days.Receive for guaranteeing that the underproduction is not significantly lost, water conservancy construction has all been worked out the water logging control standard.The water logging control standard is meant can be got rid of in the basin because the peak flood flow that a certain recurrence interval or the continuous rainfall in some days of frequency are produced, and has arranged the ability of excess surface water in alloted days.Hydraulic engineering design often requires arrange in three days the basin rainfall of 250 millimeters of continuous three daily rain amounts of 5～10 years one chances.If be converted into a mu amount of precipitation is exactly 166 sides.Because every mu of retaining ditch can be retained moisture and can not be seeped in the soil of next door and cause that most of ponding result that groundwater table rises not only cuts down the downstream peak flood flow that rain stream compiles greatly, and field ponding is when constantly flowing into the retaining ditch, that fearness rainfall interruption also can be arranged the light water logging control rapidly in several hours, thereby local water drainage and downstream flood control one action two are got.And present existing irrigation and drainage system with functions is not accomplished this point.Every mu of 100 cubes of water under holding, because seepage, evaporation have been controlled in strictness, even later some months to the second a year spring does not rain, most of retaining can preserve, and passes through

, the sprinkling irrigation of taking out, flow way solve and resemble China's autumn and make the sowing seedling problem in seize by the throat the drought or the spring in the coming year of heading flowering.When all the other times or assurance leave certain retaining degree of depth, all can be used to the frog of breeding fish.

Further specify below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is a floor map of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of Fig. 1 II; Fig. 3 is Fig. 2 BB sectional drawing.

As shown in the figure, the 1st, the water source of traditional irrigation and drainage system with functions, the 2nd, irrigate intake gate, the 3rd, the branch canal distribution structure, the 4th, check gate, the 5th, trunk canal, the 6th, lateral canal, the 7th, retaining ditch, the 8th, field ditch, the 9th, farm ditch, the 10th, Zhigou, the 11st, branch canal, the 12nd, the bucket ditch, the 13rd, hondo, the 14th, sluice gate, the 15th, hold and let out the district, the 16th, ventilation water flowing duct, the 17th, black plastic film lid, the 18th, the bracing frame of film cover, the 19th, road, the 20th, retaining ditch antiseep film, the 21st, field face, the 22nd, resistance filter thing, the 23rd, sublateral canal.

From the floor map of Fig. 1, it is with reference to irrigation and drainage system with functions at present commonly used basically, and on the basis of this system, along original irrigation drainage channel, particularly along lateral canal, field ditch, Dou Gou, farm ditch, even adds along sublateral canal and to dig a rule section in echelon.Average wide and dark each 1.5 meters retaining ditch 7 in cutout back, and be linked to be a new retaining by original irrigation drainage channel and irritate row's net.Because wall was covered with plastic sheeting 20 antiseeps around each retaining ditch bottom reached, the face of adding pass with bracing frames such as bamboo 18 that two edge breaks stick into the black plastic film lid 17 in duct and it is strutted and is pressed in the soil anti-blow sun-proof, therefore, the rain flood that it just can flow down field face 21 and road surface 19, preserve the seedling planting when supplement irrigation or spring in the coming year need water not reach spring drought very much when waiting until drought and water shortage effectively by just having a ventilation water flowing duct 16 to flow in the retaining ditches every 1～3 meter.Simultaneously, the retaining ditch can also be used to the frog of breeding fish at ordinary times.Filter thing 22, pass through increase and decrease quantity regulating and controlling ventilating water flowing duct 16 with the resistance that mud grass, grating are done, prevent that the retaining ditch water surface from flowing through fast evaporation with air.Need filter beyond the region of objective existence with obstructive grating resistance little, that filterability is good except preventing that fish from runing away, how field regulating filters thing with the obstructive simple and easy resistance of mud grass big, that filterability is little.If rain flood arrival in season, can open whole ventilation water flowings duct 16 of supply canal direction earlier, allow field area water fill earlier to pour water retaining ditch in the canal, the ventilation water flowing duct 16 of opening the gutter direction again allows area water whole or big portion in field enter retaining ditch in the gutter.Just enter to hold by farm ditch 9, bucket ditch 12, Zhigou 10, hondo 13, sluice gate 14 after retaining ditch in the gutter is full and let out district 15.But, in order effectively to preserve the moisture of retaining ditch,, all should close the ventilation water flowing duct of retaining ditch as much as possible as long as fish does not raise the nose above water to breathe anoxic in the non-rain flood season.As a same reason, during the dilutional hyponatremia at the water source 1 of original irrigation and drainage system with functions, can pass through trunk canal 5, branch canal 11, lateral canal 6, field ditch 8 are behind the retaining ditch in the full field of sublateral canal 23 streams, and water level continues to raise and can be used for irrigating, and unnecessary drains off floodwaters by flood-relief channel again.

So just can improve the water storage function of original irrigation and drainage system with functions greatly, and the water source is often improved greatly from the reservoir area safety flood control coefficient of reservoir, help solving the No.1 problem that always perplexs reservoir region management for many years: emptying reservoir before flood control safety requires the flood season to arrive, but the emptying reservoir does not hold the irrigation problem that water then has a strong impact on the irrigated area, downstream; As not emptying, heavy rain one, water level soars, just have little time flood discharge the danger that breaks down is arranged, and makes flood harm more serious.There has been the storing facilities of water of able to resisting flood and drought water drainage in the irrigated area, downstream now.Because this storing facilities of water is under the situation that takes into full account various factors such as local water conservancy condition quality, weather, rainfall, crop water requirement, add by irrigated area cultivated area 5～30% and to dig storing facilities of water, therefore, it will make above-mentioned waterlogging prevention problem become to solve easily.Even, also will improve the safety factor of controlling flood and draining flooded fields greatly effectively according to wherein commonly used 10% calculating, and make various period of short-term drought, the drought of seizing by the throat also becomes and solves easily.In fact, resemble many countries that often are subjected to drought and waterlogging harm such as China, many multi-form agriculture district annual rainfall is all arranged more than five, 600 millimeters, have more than 1,000 2,000 millimeters, therefore, row's net is irritated in the retaining of such large-area applications, can accomplish repeatedly retaining in every year, and improve the deficiency of original water conservancy projects greatly.Its too much flood can effectively be saved, need not amplify water during partial drought.Therefore, no matter paddy field or nonirrigated farmland can both guarantee flood control, in the time of water drainage or drought resisting, the double frog of breeding fish reaches and enriches fertilizer, the minimizing insect pest; 10% cultivated area that reduces is owing to be long and narrow bar shaped, increased ventilation and penetrating light on the contrary, add again and be convenient to machinery current, flow sprinkling irrigation water-saving, high yields irrespective of drought or water logging, grain-production does not only subtract, high and stable yields significantly on the contrary, so make limes marginis plant mulberry, plant fruit, various industrial crops and fishery development in an all-round way such as plant vegetables.And invest, remove manually and need small amount of cement with partly the soil is porous, tabia is wiped one's face outside the anti-landslide, it mainly is exactly plastic sheeting, thickness is chosen in 0.05～0.15 millimeter, press 0.05 millimeter calculating of thickness, 100 cubes of retaining ditches, with about 15 kilograms of films, add about about 150 yuan of bracing frames such as bamboo, the frog of only breeding fish, plant grape, climbing plant binomials such as water melon just can be recouped capital outlay then, produce more food and other vegetables if connect, fruit etc. one are started at, and it is once invested, economic benefit of Shou Yiing and social benefit will be more surprising year after year, can say so that its overall application is promoted, will make the human general flood that fundamentally solved for the first time, waterlogging, drought is also laid a good foundation for the mankind fundamentally solve the problem of oneself eating.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of new cultivating method able to resisting flood and drought that comprises that traditional irrigation and drainage system with functions and Dao Gou breed fish, it is characterized in that the retaining bottom of trench and around wall be covered with the plastic sheeting of antiseep, there is the lid of anti-water surface evaporation on the ditch top, have the ventilation water flowing duct of resistance filter thing regulation and control such as available mud grass, grating around the top of ditch, and be linked to be new retaining filling row net by the original irrigation drainage channel between the retaining ditch.

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