CN106758871A - 一种全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥及其施工方法 - Google Patents
一种全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥及其施工方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106758871A CN106758871A CN201710088481.XA CN201710088481A CN106758871A CN 106758871 A CN106758871 A CN 106758871A CN 201710088481 A CN201710088481 A CN 201710088481A CN 106758871 A CN106758871 A CN 106758871A
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- construction
- end bay
- bridge
- prestressed concrete
- continuous rigid
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥及其施工方法。本发明的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥，包括基础、桥梁承台、桥梁主墩、边墩、主梁、边墩拉压支座、边跨配重段和主跨合拢段；该全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥不设置边跨合拢段；边跨与中跨的比值小于0.5，边墩拉压支座设在边墩顶部，边跨上设有边跨配重段。本发明的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的全悬臂施工期间的受力性能主要通过合理配置预应力和临时配重满足。本发明无边跨合拢流程，简化了施工步骤，减少了施工工作量，可缩短工期并降低高墩支架的施工风险。
Description
一种全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥及其施工方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于桥梁技术领域，尤其是涉及一种全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥 及其施工方法。
背景技术
[0002] 连续刚构桥由于具有结构受力明确、跨越能力较大、行车舒适、造价低廉、可适用 于多种施工方法等优点，大量应用在我国公路桥梁设计中。
[0003] 在上个世纪50年代，悬臂施工法作为一种全新的施工方法出现以后，大量应用于 大跨梁式桥。因此，预应力混凝土箱梁桥的跨径进一步做大，其应用得以大力发展。目前连 续刚构桥最大主跨已突破300m，并广泛应用于高山峡谷和跨江跨河地域。
[0004] 既有大跨预应力混凝土连续刚构桥一般采用对称悬浇施工，边主跨比值一般为 0.55〜0.58,设有边跨合拢段、边跨支架现浇段和主跨合拢段。施工流程较为繁琐。
[0005] 目前大跨预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的施工流程为：（1)首先完成基础和桥墩的施 工；（2)利用支架(或托架)浇筑零号块，并安装挂篮；（3)对称悬浇后续各梁段至最大悬臂状 态；（4)搭设边跨支架（或托架），浇筑边跨现浇段；（5)浇筑边跨合拢段，张拉边跨预应力；
[6] 浇筑主跨合拢段，张拉主跨预应力；（7)施工桥面系，防撞护栏等附属设施。既有大跨预 应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工时涉及边跨合拢段、边跨支架现浇段和跨中合拢段的施工，存 在多个施工关键节点和施工工序转换，合拢段和支架段施工较为繁琐，工期长。
[0006] 对于山区或者跨江跨河的深水区桥梁而言，边跨现浇段的支架或者托架搭设难度 较大，需要进行支架预压、拆除，再加上边跨合拢段的施工需要工序转换，因此该种施工方 法难免面临工期长、风险大和造价高的缺点。
[0007] 有鉴于此，本发明公开一种全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥及其施工方法， 通过合理的设计措施和施工方法使高墩连续刚构桥边跨避免上述难题，实现全悬臂施工。 该种新的结构体系可为解决高墩连续刚构桥的施工难题提供新的设计思路。总体来说，本 发明所提出的新型结构体系相对于传统刚构桥而言，使施工更为方便，可缩短工期，具备更 优的经济性和安全性。
发明内容
[0008] 为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出一种全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥及 其施工方法，采用该种施工方法不仅可省去现浇段施工的支架设计、搭设、预压和拆除等繁 琐施工步骤，同时省去了边跨合拢的关键施工节点，实现全悬臂施工，使施工趋于简单、安 全、经济。
[0009] 本发明采用的技术方案是:一种全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥，包括基础、 桥梁承台、桥梁主墩、边墩、主梁和主跨合拢段;还包括边墩拉压支座及边跨配重段，该全悬 臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥不设置边跨合拢段;边跨与中跨的比值小于0.5。
[0010] 进一步地，所述的边墩拉压支座设在边墩顶部，边跨配重段位于边墩附近主梁。
[0011] —种上述的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的施工方法，包括如下步骤： 1) 首先完成桥梁的基础、承台、主墩和边墩的施工； 2) 利用托架或支架浇筑零号块； 3) 在零号块上安装挂篮，再利用挂篮平台对称浇筑1号块，张拉1号块预应力，移动挂篮 浇筑2号块;按照此施工方式循环施工至主梁最大悬臂节段，达到最大悬臂状态； 4) 对称拆除挂篮，在边跨悬臂端部施加临时配重，完成中跨合拢段施工； 5) 在边墩的顶部设置边墩拉压支座，完成体系转换，同时张拉边跨底板束;在边跨配重 段施加配重； 6) 完成桥面铺装、防撞护栏及其他附属设施施工;最终完成全悬臂施工预应力混凝土 连续刚构桥的施工。
[0012] 本发明的设计原理如下： 与传统的连续刚构桥相比，本发明全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥取消了边跨合 拢段和支架现浇段，先进行主跨合拢段施工。在主跨合拢时，应在边跨进行配重，配重措施 可选用水箱或者沙袋进行。为保证施工安全，配重应满足弯矩平衡。
[0013] 由本发明全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的边跨比较小导致的问题是，边跨 主梁有可能在运营期间上翘。因此，在边墩顶部设置边墩拉压支座，支座应满足抗拉和抗压 要求。同时应保证边墩拉压支座在受拉状态时，边墩混凝土不致开裂。
[0014] 本发明全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的结构体系，在施工和运营阶段均应 满足《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTG D60-2015)、《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设 计规范》(JTG D62-2012)以及《公路桥涵施工技术规范》(JTG/T F50-2011)等相关行业规范 要求。施工和运营阶段均应进行承载能力验算、预应力混凝土的应力验算、抗裂验算、预应 力损失验算及变形计算等方面的验算。
[0015] 对于承载力验算，对于结构设计而言，承载力验算应使结构满足：
式中:¾为结构的重要性系数A和A分别为荷载效应和结构承载力的设计值;石为材料 强度设计值;I为几何参数设计值。
[0016] 对于预应力混凝土的应力验算、抗裂验算、预应力损失验算，应按照现行设计规范 分别考虑短暂状况和持久状况。
[0017] 对于挠度验算，应遵守下述规定:在消除结构自重产生的长期挠度后，预应力混凝 土连续刚构桥主梁的最大挠度处不应超过计算跨径的1/600;此外，应特别注意最大悬臂 状态下结构的挠度验算，应满足悬臂端的最大挠度不应超过悬臂长度的1/300。
[0018] 与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是： 本发明的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥，取消了边跨合拢段和支架现浇段，结 构简单，成本低，提高了生产效率。本发明的施工方法调整了常规施工方法的施工顺序，施 工时直接进行主跨合拢，边跨全悬臂施工;无需设置边跨现浇段，省去了高墩边跨支架设 计、搭建和预压、拆除等施工工序。
[0019] 本发明为高墩桥梁提供一种新的设计思路，本发明特别适用于山区或深水区的高 墩预应力混凝土连续刚构桥和不便于搭设边跨支架的大跨预应力混凝土连续梁桥。
附图说明
[0020] 图1是本发明的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的结构示意图。
[0021] 图2是本发明的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的预应力筋配置图。
[0022] 图3是本发明的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的边跨配重段截面图。
[0023] 图4是本发明的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的设计及施工流程图。
[0024] 图5是本发明的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥完成桥梁基础、承台、边墩、 主墩施工的结构图。
[0025] 图6是本发明的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥利用支架(或托架)浇筑零号 块时的结构图。
[0026] 图7是本发明施工时在零号块安装挂篮，对称悬浇1号块，张拉1号块预应力，按照 此施工循环施工至最大悬臂状态时的结构图。
[0027] 图8是本发明施工时，拆除挂篮，边跨施加临时配重，主跨利用合拢段吊架完成主 跨合拢时的结构图。
[0028] 图9是边跨边墩安装边墩拉压支座，且在边跨边墩附近箱梁内浇筑永久配重混凝 土的结构图。
具体实施方式
[0029] 下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
[0030] 如图1-3所示，以一座主墩高达163m和189m，边墩高达134m和150m;主跨为200m，边 跨99m，边主跨比为0.445的小边主跨比三跨连续刚构桥为例，详细阐明全悬臂施工预应力 混凝土连续刚构桥的设计和施工流程。
[0031] 本发明的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥，包括基础1、承台2、主墩3、边墩4 及主梁5;其中边墩4的顶部设有边墩拉压支座6，边墩附近主梁设有边跨配重段7，主跨设有 主跨合拢段8，边跨无合拢段。其边主跨比值较小，为0.445。该结构体系的全悬臂施工期间 的受力性能主要通过合理配置预应力9和临时配重满足。运营期间为保证边支座不脱离边 墩，在边跨设置边墩拉压支座6并在边跨施加永久配重7。
[0032] 图4给出了全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的设计及施工流程。
[0033] 首先进行结构总体设计，主要包括主跨跨径，由小边主跨比控制的边跨跨径，再进 行截面设计，主梁配筋、边墩拉压支座以及配重设计。
[0034] 然后对涉及的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥进行承载力验算，确保其在施 工以及运营过程中结构的刚度、强度和稳定性等各项设计指标均满足规范要求。
[0035] 如图5-图9所示，本发明上述实施例的施工方法如下： (1) 如图5,首先完成桥梁基础1、承台2、主墩3和边墩4的施工； (2) 如图6，利用托架或支架浇筑零号块11; (3) 如图7,在零号块11上安装挂篮12,再利用挂篮平台对称浇筑1号块，张拉1号块预应 力，移动挂篮浇筑2号块;按照此施工方式循环施工至主梁大悬臂节段13,达到最大悬臂状 态； (4) 如图8,对称拆除挂篮12,在边跨施加临时配重14,利用合拢吊架15,完成中跨合拢 段8的施工，此时应密切监测跨中合拢口附近标高的变化，保证主墩满足力矩平衡条件;对 中跨合拢段8的混凝土进行养护;待混凝土达到设计要求的强度，张拉中跨合拢段预应力 筋； (5) 如图9，在边墩4的顶部设置边墩拉压支座6，完成体系转换，同时张拉边跨底板束； 在边跨配重段7施加配重10; (6) 最后完成桥面铺装、防撞护栏及其他附属设施施工;最终完成全悬臂施工预应力混 凝土连续刚构桥的施工。
Claims (3)
1. 一种全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥，包括基础、桥梁承台、桥梁主墩、边墩、主 梁和主跨合拢段;其特征是:还包括边墩拉压支座及边跨配重段，该全悬臂施工预应力混凝 土连续刚构桥不设置边跨合拢段;边跨与中跨的比值小于0.5。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥，其特征是:所述的边墩 拉压支座设在边墩顶部，边跨配重段位于边墩附近主梁。
3. —种权利要求1或2所述的全悬臂施工预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的施工方法，包括如 下关键步骤： 1) 首先完成桥梁的基础、承台、主墩和边墩的施工； 2) 利用托架或支架浇筑零号块； 3) 在零号块上安装挂篮，再利用挂篮平台对称浇筑1号块，张拉1号块预应力，移动挂篮 浇筑2号块;按照此施工方式循环施工至主梁最大悬臂节段，达到最大悬臂状态； 4) 对称拆除挂篮，在边跨悬臂端部施加临时配重，完成中跨合拢段施工； 5) 在边墩的顶部设置边墩拉压支座，完成体系转换，同时张拉边跨底板束;在边跨配重 段施加配重； 6) 完成桥面铺装、防撞护栏及其他附属设施施工；最终完成全悬臂施工预应力混凝土 连续刚构桥的施工。
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