CN106747247A - 一种水泥发泡砖及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种水泥发泡砖及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical group [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NCWQJOGVLLNWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilicon Chemical compound [Si]C NCWQJOGVLLNWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/30—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
- C04B28/32—Magnesium oxychloride cements, e.g. Sorel cement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/50—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/245—Curing concrete articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
- B28C5/10—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing
- B28C5/12—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing with stirrers sweeping through the materials, e.g. with incorporated feeding or discharging means or with oscillating stirrers
- B28C5/1238—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing with stirrers sweeping through the materials, e.g. with incorporated feeding or discharging means or with oscillating stirrers for materials flowing continuously through the mixing device and with incorporated feeding or discharging devices
- B28C5/1269—Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing with stirrers sweeping through the materials, e.g. with incorporated feeding or discharging means or with oscillating stirrers for materials flowing continuously through the mixing device and with incorporated feeding or discharging devices for making cellular concrete
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
- E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于建筑材料领域，公开了一种水泥发泡砖及其制作方法；一种水泥发泡砖，由空心水泥砖作为主体，在空心水泥砖的空心内部注入发泡材料，从而使发泡材料与水泥砖充分结合，其特征在于，所述的空心水泥砖为空心率大于等于25％、小于等于36％的普通硅酸盐水泥砖，所述的发泡材料由以下重量份数的原料制成：氯化镁30‑50份，氧化镁为40‑60份，改进剂为≤1份，发泡剂为1‑5份，水70份‑110份，保温颗粒5‑10份。本发明通过对配方的调整和工艺的改进，使生产出来的砖具有无毒无害且防火保温，大幅度减轻容重，具有很好的强度及抗渗透性，在抗冲击方面性能优异，具有很好的市场推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料领域，更具体的说是涉及一种水泥发泡砖及其制作方法。
背景技术
现有水泥砖重量重，抗冲击能力不强，在防火防腐蚀、防渗透方面的性能有待提高。随着国家实施推进的冬暖夏凉工程继续发展，需要建筑材料有更轻的重量及更好的防火保温性能。我国幅员广阔，每年都有地方遭受到洪水的侵袭，故也迫切需要一种抗渗透能力强的低成本砖，以便起到节约能源资源及保护环境的作用；加上目前人们对人居环境要求的不断提高，市场上重量重，抗冲击性差，吸水率高，脆性耐久性低的水泥砖已不再满足人们的要求。中国发明专利专利申请号201310057522.0，混凝土水泥发泡保温砖及其制作方法，申请公布号CN103265305 A，公开了一种砖体与发泡材料相结合的发明专利，也代表了这一建筑砖行业的发展方向和反映了市场的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种容重轻，高强度抗渗透，防火耐腐蚀的水泥发泡砖及其制作方法。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种水泥发泡砖，由空心水泥砖作为主体，在空心水泥砖的空心内部注入发泡材料，从而使发泡材料与水泥砖充分结合，其特征在于，所述的空心水泥砖为空心率大于等于25％、小于等于36％的普通硅酸盐水泥砖，所述的发泡材料由以下重量份数的原料制成：氯化镁30-50份，氧化镁为40-60份，改进剂为≤1份，发泡剂为1-5份，水70份-110份，保温颗粒5-10份。
所述的氯化镁是能过150-200目筛的粉体颗粒。
所述的氧化镁是能过150-200目筛的粉体颗粒。
所述的发泡剂是硫酸铝。
所述的改进剂为甲基硝酸钠。
所述的保温颗粒为陶粒或者石棉颗粒或者建筑轻集料。
所述的水泥发泡砖的制作方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)、制作胶凝初浆：将能过150-200目筛的氯化镁粉体颗粒和温度为35-50℃的水(雾状)互相经喷枪喷淋混合同时搅拌，形成温度为38-45℃的初级胶浆；
(2)、初次混料搅拌：在所述的步骤(1)中经喷管喷入能过150-200目筛的氧化镁粉体颗粒，重量为整个工艺过程所要加入的氧化镁粉末重量的一半；形成二级胶浆；
(3)、二次混料搅拌：将剩余重量份数的氧化镁粉末颗粒预热至40-50℃，并将其加入到步骤(2)中的二级胶浆充分搅拌并加入发泡剂二次发泡，形成三级胶浆；
(4)、往步骤(3)中的三级胶浆中加入所述的改性剂和所述的保温颗粒并搅拌均匀，将所得灌装胶浆注满空心砖内的内空空间；
(5)、将灌装后的水泥发泡砖放置在温度20℃±2℃，相对湿度(70±5)％的条件下养护。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过对配方的调整和工艺的改进，使生产出来的砖具有无毒无害且防火保温，大幅度减轻容重，具有很好的强度及抗渗透性，在抗冲击方面性能优异，具有很好的市场推广价值。
具体实施方式
氯化镁：氯化镁通常分为无水氯化镁和六水氯化镁。所谓的无水氯化镁及不含有结晶水的氯化镁分子式为——MgCl2；而六水氯化镁它包含了六个结晶水其相关的分子式为——MgCl2·6H2O。工业上往往对无水氯化镁称为卤粉，而对于六水氯化镁往往称为卤片、卤粒、卤快等。无论是无水氯化镁还是六水氯化镁他们都有一个通性：易吸潮。因此我们在储藏的时候要注意存放在干燥阴凉的地方。
氯化镁纯品为无色单斜结晶，工业品通常呈黄褐色，有苦咸味，容易吸湿，溶于水100℃时失去2分子结晶水。在110℃开始失去部分氯化氢而分解，强热转为氧氯化物，当急速加热时约118℃分解。其水溶液呈酸性熔点118℃(分解，六水)，712℃(无水)。沸点：1412℃(无水)水合的氯化镁加热时失水和氯化氢部分生成氯化氢和碱式氯化镁。
氯化镁的用途是用于灭火剂、陶瓷，并用于填充织物、造纸等方面；固化剂；氯化镁溶于水后会成为浆状，可以用作防火的填充剂，在干燥后就得到其固状物。
氧化镁：氧化镁(化学式：MgO)是镁的氧化物，一种离子化合物。常温下为一种白色固体。氧化镁俗称苦土，也称镁氧，氧化镁是碱性氧化物，具有碱性氧化物的通性，属于胶凝材料；白色粉末，熔点为2852℃，沸点为3600℃，相对密度为3.58(25℃)，溶于酸和铵盐溶液。暴露在空气中，容易吸收水分和二氧化碳而逐渐成为碱式碳酸镁，轻质品较重质品更快，与水结合在一定条件下生成氢氧化镁，呈微碱性反应，饱和水溶液的pH为10.3。
氧化镁有高度耐火绝缘性能。经1000℃以上高温灼烧可转变为晶体，升至1500℃以上则成死烧氧化镁(也就是所说的镁砂)或烧结氧化镁。故本发明中氧化镁用来做砖的材料则是很好的防火材料，因为其很好的胶凝性质，故可以用作于发泡材料。
硫酸铝：硫酸铝(化学式Al2(SO4)3，式量342.15)，白色斜方晶系结晶粉末，密度1.69g/mL(25℃)，当向水中加入硫酸铝后，可以生成胶状的、能吸附和沉淀出细菌、胶体和其他悬浮物的氢氧化铝絮片；消防工业中，与小苏打、发泡剂组成泡沫灭火剂；燃料工业中，在生产铬黄和色淀染料时作沉淀剂，同时又起固色和填充剂作用。在本发明中，主要用于二次发泡，充分地利用了二级胶浆中的水分，形成更粘稠的发泡浆体。
甲基硝酸钠：被弱酸分解成甲基硅酸，产生不溶水的具有防水性能的甲基硅。与氯化钠及三乙醇胺形成早强剂及减水剂。
实施例1：
选用一块空心率36％的空心普通硅酸盐水泥砖(MU7.5，外形尺寸390mm*190mm*190mm)，以便其内空部分能够容纳足量的发泡材料以实现本发明所述的水泥砖的性能。本实施例的各原料重量为：
能过150-200目筛的氯化镁粉体颗粒30KG，能过150-200目筛的氧化镁粉体颗粒40KG，发泡剂为硫酸铝1KG(硫酸铝的作用是二次发泡)，改进剂为甲基硝酸钠1KG(增强发泡材料的抗渗透性)，水70KG，保温颗粒为陶粒5KG。
执行以下步骤：
(1)、制作胶凝初浆：将氯化镁粉体颗粒30KG和水(30KG，雾状)互相喷淋1∶1混合，所用水的温度为35-50℃，形成温度为38-45℃的初级胶浆。利用稍高于常温的水来溶解，作用是让氯化镁更快的溶解，以便进行下一步的充分融合搅拌。
(2)、初次混料搅拌：在所述的步骤(1)中经喷枪喷入氧化镁粉末20KG，重量为整个所要加入的氧化镁粉末的一半；形成二级胶浆。
(3)、二次混料搅拌：将剩余重量份数的氧化镁粉末颗粒预热至40-50℃，在步骤(2)中的二级胶浆将其加入，并加入剩下重量份数的水40KG，充分搅拌并加入发泡剂硫酸铝1KG，形成二次发泡，形成三级胶浆。在加入硫酸铝前已形成胶浆，加入硫酸铝更充分的利用浆料内的水分形成二次发泡，以便获得质量更轻的发泡材料。
(4)、往步骤(3)中的三级胶浆中加入改性剂甲基硝酸钠1KG和保温颗粒陶粒5KG并搅拌均匀，将所得灌装胶浆注满空心砖内的内空空间。改性剂降低发泡材料硬化后的吸水性，而保温颗粒则提升砖体的保温性能。
(5)、将灌装后的水泥发泡砖放置在温度20℃±2℃，相对湿度(70±5)％的条件下养护。将上述制得的发泡水泥砖进行检测，其性能为：抗压强度为10MPa以上，容重轻密度为1000kg/立方米(比同一规格的实心水泥砖轻50％)，导热系数为0.045W/m.k，无毒无害，是一款节能环保的墙体材料。
实施例2：
选用一块空心率25％的空心普通硅酸盐水泥砖(MU7.5，外形尺寸390mm*190mm*190mm)，以便其内空部分能够容纳足量的发泡材料以实现本发明所述的水泥砖的性能。本实施例的各原料重量为：
能过150-200目筛的氯化镁粉体颗粒50KG，能过150-200目筛的氧化镁粉体颗粒为60KG，发泡剂为硫酸铝2KG(硫酸铝的作用是二次发泡)，改进剂为甲基硝酸钠1KG，水110KG，保温颗粒为石棉颗粒10KG。
执行以下步骤：
(1)、制作胶凝初浆：将氯化镁粉体颗粒50KG和水(50KG，雾状)互相喷淋1∶1混合，所用的水温度为35-50℃，形成温度为38-45℃的初级胶浆。利用稍高于常温的水来溶解，作用是让氯化镁更快的溶解，以便进行下一步的充分融合搅拌。
(2)、初次混料搅拌：在所述的步骤(1)中经喷管喷入氧化镁粉末30KG，重量为整个所要加入的氧化镁粉末的一半；形成二级胶浆。
(3)、二次混料搅拌：将剩余重量份数的氧化镁粉末颗粒预热至40-50℃，在步骤(2)中的二级胶浆将其加入，并加入剩下重量份数的水60KG，充分搅拌并加入发泡剂硫酸铝2KG，形成二次发泡，形成三级胶浆。在加入硫酸铝前已形成胶浆，加入硫酸铝更充分的利用浆料内的水分形成二次发泡，以便获得质量更轻的发泡材料。
(4)、往步骤(3)中的三级胶浆中加入改性剂甲基硝酸钠1KG和保温颗粒石棉颗粒10KG，将所得灌装胶浆注满空心砖内的内空空间。改性剂降低发泡材料硬化后的吸水性，而保温颗粒则提升砖体的保温性能。
(5)、将灌装后的水泥发泡砖放置在温度20℃±2℃，相对湿度(70±5)％的条件下养护。将上述制得的发泡水泥砖进行检测，其性能为：抗压强度为10MPa以上，容重轻密度为800kg/立方米(比同一规格的实心水泥砖轻55％)，导热系数为0.04W/m.k，无毒无害，是一款节能环保的墙体材料。
实施例3：当保温颗粒为建筑轻集料时，按照实施例1或实施例2的成分和步骤，也可以得到性能相同的产品，而且更为节约成本。
本发明的生产方法为：(1)、主要组分间的相互反应的初步物化过程；(2)、料浆的二次发泡；(3)、料浆的改性及优化过程；(4)砖体的养护。
经多次实际检验，本发明产品的抗压强度均为10MPa以上，密度、导热系数等技术标准均优于GB/T 8239-2014的相关规定，同时也优于WB/T1019-2002。
Claims (7)
1.一种水泥发泡砖，由空心水泥砖作为主体，在空心水泥砖的空心内部注入发泡材料，从而使发泡材料与水泥砖充分结合，其特征在于，所述的空心水泥砖为空心率大于等于25％、小于等于36％的普通硅酸盐水泥砖，所述的发泡材料由以下重量份数的原料制成：氯化镁30-50份，氧化镁为40-60份，改进剂为≤1份，发泡剂为1-5份，水70份-110份，保温颗粒5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水泥发泡砖，其特征在于，所述的氯化镁是能过150-200目筛的粉体颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水泥发泡砖，其特征在于，所述的氧化镁是能过150-200目筛的粉体颗粒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水泥发泡砖，其特征在于，所述的发泡剂是硫酸铝。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水泥发泡砖，其特征在于，所述的改进剂为甲基硝酸钠。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水泥发泡砖，其特征在于，所述的保温颗粒为陶粒或者石棉颗粒或者建筑轻集料。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的水泥发泡砖的制作方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)、制作胶凝初浆：将能过150-200目筛的氯化镁粉体颗粒和温度为35-50℃的水(雾状)互相经喷枪喷淋混合同时搅拌，形成温度为38-45℃的初级胶浆；
(2)、初次混料搅拌：在所述的步骤(1)中经喷枪喷入能过150-200目筛的氧化镁粉体颗粒，重量为整个工艺过程所要加入的氧化镁粉末重量的一半；形成二级胶浆：
(3)、二次混料搅拌：将剩余重量份数的氧化镁粉末颗粒预热至40-50℃，并将其加入到步骤(2)中的二级胶浆充分搅拌并加入发泡剂二次发泡，形成三级胶浆；
(4)、往步骤(3)中的三级胶浆中加入所述的改性剂和所述的保温颗粒并搅拌均匀，将所得灌装胶浆注满空心砖内的内空空间；
(5)、将灌装后的水泥发泡砖放置在温度20℃±2℃，相对湿度(70±5)％的条件下养护。
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