CN106728227A - 一种药物提取物亚微乳凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种药物提取物亚微乳凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种药物提取物亚微乳凝胶,原料组成和重量比为:丹皮20‑50份,川芎20‑50份,红花10‑40份,黄柏5‑60份,老鹳草5‑60份。所述的凝胶中,还含有药用油相50‑300mg/g、乳化剂5‑50mg/g、助乳化剂1‑50mg/g、稳定剂0.1‑35mg/g、抗氧剂0.1‑20mg/g、凝胶基质5‑50mg/g、防腐剂0.5‑3mg/g。本发明具有行气活血、祛风解毒、清热燥湿之功效,用于治疗靶向药物皮疹、放射性皮炎、化疗药物外渗,有效率高,毒副反应小,疗程短。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,特别涉及一种药物提取物亚微乳凝胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
靶向药物在肿瘤治疗领域发挥着日益重要的作用,其带来显著疗效的同时,也造成了治疗相关的不良反应,特别是皮肤毒性反应,不但影响了患者生活质量,严重者也可能影响患者后续的治疗。皮肤毒性反应发生率高于50%,其中严重者约为10%。表现为包括皮肤干燥、色素沉着、瘙痒、脱屑、丘疹脓疱型病变(即粉刺或痤疮样皮疹)、指甲/甲周改变(通常为甲沟炎)、毛发生长异常(通常表现为脱发、睫毛粗长或面部多毛)、毛细血管扩张(通常表现为小血管的膨胀)等。其中以丘疹脓疱型病变发生率最高。指甲/甲周改变常于初次治疗后4-8周出现,发生率10%-29%。甲沟发炎严重者可致化脓性肉芽肿,甚至可能造成患者不能正常穿鞋行走。
对发生皮肤毒性的皮肤组织进行活检,发现发生靶向药物皮疹皮肤在真皮上层(尤其在滤泡附近)、卵泡破裂层和上皮棘层松解层呈现一种混合性炎性反应。其中发现苔藓样组织反应、中性粒细胞毛囊炎、角蛋白栓以及漏斗扩大、微生物沉积。发生炎症时中性粒细胞释放的某些酶导致角质细胞凋亡,凋亡的细胞积聚在真皮下导致皮肤进一步的损伤,并为细菌的过度繁殖提供了条件,继而加重了炎性反应,最终形成触痛、丘疹脓疱和甲沟炎。上述过程是靶向药物相关皮肤炎性反应加重的机制,目前,对于皮肤毒性反应的最根本病因及其炎症最初的发生机制尚未完全明确。
靶向药物相关皮肤毒性反应尚未有明确的有效治疗药物,其预防及治疗措施特异性不足、有效性极低(有效率<20%),鉴于上述情况,针对此问题亟需临床(中西医结合)、药学、护理多学科参与研究和开发新方法、新药物。据报道,内服中药方法治疗取得了一定的疗效,但是由于靶向药物皮疹是肿瘤治疗获益的信号,所以采用中药内服减少靶向药物相关皮疹,可能降低肿瘤治疗疗效。中药外洗治疗靶向药物相关皮肤毒性反应取得了较好的疗效,但尚未有公认的成形的处方和产品用于临床。
放射治疗(以下简称放疗)是目前临床治疗肿瘤广泛应用的重要手段。肿瘤患者中约60%-70%接受过放疗。放疗患者肿瘤治疗获益的同时,放射线也会损伤正常皮肤组织导致放射性皮炎。接受放疗的患者中80%以上会出现放射性皮肤反应,包括红斑、水肿、瘙痒、灼痛;甚至出现水疱、糜烂或浅表溃疡。更有甚者形成深溃疡,病变侵及皮下组织和内脏,给患者造成极大痛苦。即便经历数月病程后伤口愈合,仍可留有瘢痕、色素沉着或脱失、毛细血管扩张、皮肤萎缩、永久性毛发脱失、汗腺功能障碍等。
放疗时,放射线可以穿透浅表皮肤,直接照射到深部组织细胞,产生的自由基损伤基底层细胞,从而使局部创面组织发生进行性坏死,最终广泛纤维化。放射性皮炎完全不同于一般的烫伤和烧伤,放射性皮炎一旦发生,愈合困难、病程长、易恶化。如果形成溃疡,会影响新生肉芽组织和血管网,加重创面的感染并加深局部组织的损伤。上述情况不但对肿瘤患者身体和心理造成极大痛苦,而且会影响治疗的继续进行。目前没有针对性方法可以有效解决上述问题,因此,亟需开发的新药物或新方法来治疗放射性皮炎,缩短患者病程,减轻患者痛苦,保证放疗的继续进行。
化疗是目前治疗癌症最有效的手段之一,和手术、放疗一起并称癌症的三大治疗手段。化疗药物一般通过静脉滴注进入体内,随着血液循环遍布全身的绝大部分器官和组织,因此,对于潜在的转移病灶和已经发生临床转移的癌症是有效的治疗手段。化疗一般使用细胞毒药物,因此静脉滴注时如果化疗药外渗至血管外进入血管周围组织内,将会造成严重的化疗药外渗并发症,包括组织变性、注射部位充血、疼痛、肿胀,严重者甚至溃破、坏死。给患者造成极大痛苦。
置管方法虽然可以减少化疗药外渗产生皮肤损害的现象,但由于置管易产生静脉血栓、加大感染风险,而且操作繁琐(需要专业换药、封管),门诊患者使用不便,外周血管予以静脉滴注依然是主要的化疗方式。针对上述问题,目前尚没有公认有效的相关中药制剂应用于临床,亟需开发新制剂治疗化疗药外渗,保证化疗的顺利进行。
发明内容
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种药物提取物亚微乳凝胶,原料组成和重量比为:丹皮20-50份,川芎20-50份,红花10-40份,黄柏5-60份,老鹳草5-60份。
还可以,一种药物提取物亚微乳凝胶,原料组成和重量比为:丹皮18份,川芎18份,红花12份,黄柏20份,老鹳草20份。
优选的,一种药物提取物的亚微乳凝胶,原料组成和重量比为:丹皮36份,川芎36份,红花24份,黄柏5份,老鹳草5份。
优选的,一种药物提取物的亚微乳凝胶,所述的凝胶中,还含有药用油相50-300mg/g、乳化剂5-50mg/g、助乳化剂1-50mg/g、稳定剂0.1-35mg/g、抗氧剂0.1-20mg/g、凝胶基质5-50mg/g、防腐剂0.5-3mg/g。
优选的,上述的药物提取物的亚微乳凝胶,制成凝胶之前,乳滴粒径平均粒径为120-280nm。
优选的,所述的药用油相的是:豆油、中链甘油三酸酯、棉籽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、茶油、红花油、玉米油、葵花子油、花生油、芝麻油、菜籽油中的任意一种或两种以上的混和物;所述的乳化剂的是:蛋黄卵磷脂、大豆卵磷脂、氢化蛋黄卵磷脂、氢化大豆卵磷脂、人工合成卵磷脂中的一种或几种;所述的助乳化剂的是:泊洛沙姆188、胆固醇、吐温-60、吐温-80、司班-60、司班-80中的一种或几种;所述的稳定剂是:油酸和/或油酸钠;所述的作为抗氧剂是维生素E、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)、2,6-二叔丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的一种或几种;所述的凝胶基质为,Carbomer 934、Carbomer 940、Carbomer941、Carbomer980、Pemulen、CMC-Na、HPMC的一种或几种;所述的防腐剂是:羟苯甲酯、羟苯乙酯、苯甲酸钠中的一种或几种。
所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶的制备方法,先用水煎法对原料药进行提取,得到提取物的水溶液,将助乳化剂加入到提取物水溶液中溶解,将防腐剂用适量水或乙醇溶解后加入提取物水溶液中,制成水相;使用有机溶剂浸泡水煎后的中药得到其有机溶剂提取物,再将稳定剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂和药用油相加入到有机溶剂提取物中溶解,减压除去有机溶剂,搅拌均匀,制成油相;边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,搅拌,得到初乳,再将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力600-1000bar,得到亚微乳剂,加入凝胶基质,搅拌至分散均匀,加入三乙醇胺中和,搅拌至得到凝胶,即得。
优选的,所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:先用水煎法对中药饮片进行提取,得到提取物的水溶液,将助乳化剂加入到提取物水溶液中溶解,将防腐剂用适量水或乙醇溶解后加入提取物水溶液中,制成水相,保持在50-80℃下备用;在50-80℃下,使用有机溶剂浸泡水煎后的中药得到其有机溶剂提取物,再将稳定剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂和药用油相加入到有机溶剂提取物中溶解,在30-50℃下,减压除去有机溶剂,加热至50-80℃,搅拌均匀,制成油相;在50-80℃下,边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000-50000rpm搅拌5-20min,得到初乳,再将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力600-1000bar,均质6-20次,得到亚微乳剂,加入凝胶基质,50-800rpm搅拌至分散均匀,加入三乙醇胺中和,50-500rpm搅拌至得到凝胶,即得。
还可以,所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶的制备方法,先用水煎法对中药饮片进行提取,得到提取物的水溶液,将助乳化剂加入到提取物水溶液中溶解,将防腐剂用适量水或乙醇溶解后加入提取物水溶液中,制成水相,保持在50-80℃下备用;在50-80℃下,将稳定剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂加入到药用油相中溶解,制成油相,油相中使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000-50000rpm快速搅拌5-20min,分散均匀,制成油相;在50-80℃下,边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000-50000rpm快速搅拌5-20min,得到初乳,再将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力600-1000bar,均质6-20次,得到亚微乳剂,放冷后加入凝胶基质,50-800rpm搅拌至分散均匀,即得。
优选的,根据权利要求5至6任一所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:将助乳化剂加入到纯化水中溶解,将防腐剂用适量水或乙醇溶解后加入提取物水溶液中,制成水相,保持在50-80℃下备用;在50-80℃下,将稳定剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂加入药用油相中使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000-50000rpm快速搅拌5-20min,分散均匀,制成油相;在50-80℃下,边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000-50000rpm快速搅拌5-20min,得到初乳,再将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力600-1000bar,均质6-20次,得到亚微乳剂,使用将中药饮片加入亚微乳中,高压100-126℃,0.5-1.5小时,乳剂中加入防腐剂,高压后经高压均质机均质,均质压力600-1000bar,均质3-8次,得到载药亚微乳剂;放冷后加入凝胶基质,50-800rpm搅拌至分散均匀,加入三乙醇胺,50-500rpm搅拌至得到凝胶,即得。
优选的,本发明制备的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶,制成凝胶之前亚微乳采用380ZLSZeta Potential/Particle Sizer(PSS·NICOMPPARTICLE SIZING SYSTEMS SantaBarbara,California,USA)测定乳滴平均粒径和zeta电位,乳滴粒径成正态分布,平均粒径为120-280nm。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的中药复方,以川芎、红花、丹皮、黄柏、老鹳草等中药材为主要成分,其中川芎有活血行气,祛风止痛的功效,红花亦能活血通经,去瘀止痛,丹皮具有抗炎抑菌的作用,黄柏有清热燥湿之力,老鹳草能祛风,活血,清热解毒。本中药复方采用中医理论组方,具有行气活血、祛风解毒、清热燥湿之功效,使用本中药复方用于治疗靶向药物皮疹、放射性皮炎和化疗药外渗,取得了较好的效果。其中治疗靶向药物相关皮肤损害有效率77.61%,显著高于对照组27.27%,治疗严重的放射性皮炎大概30例,有效率>90%,疗程仅用3-5天即可痊愈;化疗药物外渗的病例10例,有效率>80%。目前至少150例以上的临床患者使用,未见明显毒副作用。本中药复方有效率高,毒副反应小,疗程短,患者反响很好,在临床上有很好的应用前景。
中药复方传统方法治疗也会存在以下问题:(1)患者需要将中药免煎颗粒按规定比例配制后用水溶解,喷洒或涂抹于患处皮肤,或浸泡30分钟,患者使用不便,不易操作.(2)由于中药复方采用水溶液直接喷涂,喷涂后水分会快速挥发和流失,药物在皮肤的滞留时间较短,不利于药物长期稳定释放。(3)透皮给药药效是否显著的关键因素是药物能否快速透过皮肤,一般情况下药物难以扩散、穿透、渗入皮肤,主要原因是皮肤角质层的屏障作用远强于胃肠道上皮细胞,只有少数分子量较小,有合适油水分配系数的化合物具有穿透皮肤的特性,虽然放射治疗后皮肤的通透性会有一定程度增大,但是使用简单的水溶液喷涂仍然会导致中药中很多分子量较大的有效成分难以透过皮肤,造成药物生物利用度下降,影响治疗效果。(4)药物的水溶液会造成药物发生水解,聚合,分解等作用的几率增加,另外中药成分复杂,溶解于水溶液中会增加药物相互作用的几率,从而影响药物的稳定性,造成药物的稳定性下降,药物变质影响治疗效果。
本发明的药物亚微乳凝胶克服了上述问题,将药物包裹于油相或油水界面层中,由水相、油相、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂按适当比例混合,制成粒径0.1-1μm的油水混合体系。本发明的药物具备增强药物溶解度、降低药物刺激性和毒性、提高药物生物利用度等优点。
本发明的药物亚微乳凝胶具有透皮效果好、载药量高等诸多优点,克服了经皮给药皮肤的屏障的问题,在不损伤皮肤、避免产生刺激性的条件下,克服皮肤对药物的阻碍,提高药物的透皮速率,本发明的药物亚微乳凝胶载体和载体组分的透皮效果较好。
本发明的药物亚微乳凝胶,通过使用亚微乳递药技术,将其开发为中药的现代化制剂,本发明的药物凝胶和亚微乳制剂均提高了药物有效成分在皮肤的滞留时间,让药物有效成分可以更加充分的发挥作用。同时,因为体系中含有的油、表面活性剂等对皮肤角质层有很好的乳化作用,增加了皮肤的通透性;另一方面亚微乳的小粒径,亚微乳油水界面组成类似细胞膜构成,可以加速药物的透皮作用,同时角质层中的亚微乳液滴形成药物储库加快了活性成分的透皮,所以载体和载体组分的选择促进了药物的透皮效果,提高药物的生物利用度,降低用药剂量。另外,本发明提高了药物的稳定性,药物分布在油相或油水界面,避免在水中溶解后分子碰撞的机会,对于易水解或不稳定的药物成分如丹皮酚等,增加了其稳定性。
具体实施方式
以下实施例和实验例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:
(1)原料:
丹皮18g,川芎18g,红花12g,黄柏20g,老鹳草20g五味中药大豆油10g、大豆卵磷脂80H 2.5g、吐温-80 3.5g、油酸0.15g、维生素E 0.01g、Carbomer 940 2.0g、羟苯乙酯0.2g;
(2)制备工艺:
①取丹皮,川芎,红花,黄柏,老鹳草五味中药,用水煎1个小时,得到提取物的水溶液,将吐温-80加入到提取物中溶解,将羟苯乙酯用5ml乙醇溶解后加入提取物水溶液中制成水相,保持在60℃下备用;
②在60℃下,使用乙醇浸泡水煎后的中药1个小时,得到其有机溶剂提取物,再将油酸、大豆卵磷脂、维生素E和大豆油相加入到有机溶剂提取物中溶解,在40℃下,减压除去有机溶剂,加热至60℃,搅拌均匀,制成油相;
③在60℃下,边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,使用高剪切分散乳化机转速15000rpm快速搅拌8min,得到初乳;
④将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力700bar,均质7次,得到亚微乳剂;
⑤在亚微乳剂加入Carbomer 940,100rpm搅拌至分散均匀,加入三乙醇胺中和,100rpm搅拌至得到凝胶,即得;
制成凝胶之前亚微乳采用380ZLS Zeta Potential/Particle Sizer(PSS·NICOMP PARTICLE SIZING SYSTEMS Santa Barbara,California,USA)测定乳滴平均粒径和zeta电位,测定结果显示,乳滴粒径平均粒径为120-280nm。
实施例2
(1)原料:
丹皮36g,川芎36g,红花24g,黄柏5g,老鹳草5g五味中药,中链甘油三酸酯10g、蛋黄卵磷脂4.5g、吐温-80 1.5g、油酸0.1g、维生素E 0.1g、Carbomer 934 2.0g、羟苯甲酯0.1g
(2)制备工艺:
①取丹皮,川芎,红花,黄柏,老鹳草五味中药,用水煎1个小时,得到提取物的水溶液,将吐温-80加入到提取物中溶解,将羟苯甲酯用5ml乙醇溶解后加入提取物水溶液中制成水相,保持在80℃下备用;
②在50℃下,使用乙酸乙酯浸泡水煎后的中药30分钟,得到其有机溶剂提取物,再将蛋黄卵磷脂、维生素E和中链甘油三酸酯、油酸加入到有机溶剂提取物中溶解,在30℃下,减压除去有机溶剂,加热至80℃,搅拌均匀,制成油相;
③在80℃下,边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000rpm快速搅拌20min,得到初乳;
④将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力800bar,均质12次,得到亚微乳剂;
⑤在亚微乳剂加入Carbomer 934,100rpm搅拌至分散均匀,加入三乙醇胺中和,100rpm搅拌至得到凝胶,即得;
制成凝胶之前亚微乳测定乳滴平均粒径和zeta电位,测定结果显示,乳滴粒径成正态分布,平均粒径为130-260nm。
实施例3
(1)原料:
丹皮20g,川芎20g,红花16g,黄柏60g,老鹳草60g五味中药,蓖麻油20g、蛋黄卵磷脂1.5g、泊洛沙姆4.5g、油酸0.1g、维生素E 0.25g、HPMC 5.0g、苯甲酸钠0.3g;
(2)制备工艺:
①取丹皮,川芎,红花,黄柏,老鹳草五味中药,用水煎1个小时,得到提取物的水溶液,将苯甲酸钠用5ml水溶解后加入提取物水溶液中,将泊洛沙姆加入到提取物中溶解,制成水相,保持在55℃下备用;
②将油酸、蛋黄卵磷脂、维生素E和加入到蓖麻油相中溶解,加热至55℃,搅拌均匀,制成油相;
③在55℃下,边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,使用高剪切分散乳化机转速20000rpm快速搅拌5min,得到初乳;
④将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力900bar,均质10次,得到亚微乳剂;
⑤在亚微乳剂加入HPMC溶胀24小时,搅拌至分散均匀,得到凝胶,即得本发明中药饮片提取物亚微乳凝胶。
制成凝胶之前亚微乳采用380ZLS Zeta Potential/Particle Sizer(PSS·NICOMP PARTICLE SIZING SYSTEMS Santa Barbara,California,USA)测定乳滴平均粒径和zeta电位,测定结果显示,乳滴粒径成正态分布,平均粒径为120-280nm。
实施例4:
(1)原料:
丹皮5g,川芎5g,红花5g,黄柏5g,老鹳草5g五味中药大豆油10g、大豆卵磷脂80H2.5g、吐温-80 3.5g、油酸0.15g、维生素E 0.01g、Carbomer 940 2.5g、苯甲酸钠0.2g;
(2)制备工艺:
①将吐温-80加入到纯化水中溶解,将苯甲酸钠用5ml水溶解后加入提取物水溶液中,制成水相,保持在80℃下备用;
②在80℃下,将油酸、大豆卵磷脂80H、维生素E加入大豆油中使用高剪切均质乳化剂机转速10000rpm快速搅拌5min,分散均匀,制成油相;
③在80℃下,,边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,使用高剪切分散乳化机转速20000rpm快速搅拌6min,得到初乳;
④将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力750bar,均质10次,得到亚微乳剂;
⑤将中药饮片加入亚微乳中,高压121℃,1小时;
⑥将乳剂中加入防腐剂,经高压均质机均质,均质压力750bar,均质3次,得到亚微乳剂;
⑦放冷后加入凝胶基质,80rpm搅拌至分散均匀,加入三乙醇胺,80rpm搅拌至得到凝胶,即得本发明中药饮片提取物亚微乳凝胶;
制成凝胶之前亚微乳采用380ZLS Zeta Potential/Particle Sizer(PSS·NICOMP PARTICLE SIZING SYSTEMS Santa Barbara,California,USA)测定乳滴平均粒径和zeta电位,测定结果显示,乳滴粒径成正态分布,平均粒径为120-280nm。
实验例1:放射性皮炎试验
1、试验设计
建立放射性皮炎动物模型,清洁级SD大鼠10只,雄性,重量150~180g,10%水合氯醛溶液(4ul/g)腹腔注射麻醉,8%Na2S溶液对大鼠背部面积约3cm×3cm的皮肤进行脱毛处理。6MeV电子线,吸收计量率400cGY/min,吸收剂量40GY,拉伸大鼠背部隆起的皮肤侧面照射后产生放射性皮炎。
清洁级SD大鼠10只,随机分为2组,每组5只,分别为对照组,药物组(根据本发明实施例1制得,药物提取物亚微乳凝胶0.18g/g,以丹皮用量计),药物组给药时间为每日8hr、17hr各涂药1次,用药量为均匀覆盖创面的剂量。从用药开始至用药后一个月内每天观察患处情况并记录。
2、试验结果
对照组照射后的大鼠相继出现精神不佳,活动减少,食欲不振的情况。照射野皮肤大约8-10天时开始出现发红、脱屑等症状,继而出现红肿部位面积增大,轻度水肿,并有少量分泌物渗出,期间大鼠精神转为急躁,并开始抓挠患处皮肤,15天左右形成放射性皮炎创面。之后创面逐渐开始结痂和缓慢愈合。
药物组用药15天后,大鼠精神状态趋于平稳,饮食正常,抓挠创面相比对照组明显减少。结果见表1。
表1:对放射性皮炎大鼠创面愈合率的影响
实验例2:.化疗药外渗试验
1试验设计
建立化疗药外渗动物模型,昆明种小鼠20只,雄性,重量18~22g,8%Na2S溶液对小鼠背部皮肤进行脱毛处理。表阿霉素3mg溶于生理盐水0.5ml后皮下注射,形成0.8~1.2cm左右皮丘,即为血管外渗模型。
昆明种小鼠20只,随机分为两组,每组10只,分别为对照组和药物组(根据本发明实施例1制得,中药饮片提取物亚微乳凝胶0.18g/g,以丹皮用量计)。对照组进行局部皮下封闭,剂量0.5ml(含地塞米松1mg/ml、利多卡因4mg/ml),药物组给药时间为每日8hr、17hr各涂药1次,用药量为均匀覆盖创面的剂量。从用药开始至用药后一个月内每天观察患处情况并记录。
2、试验结果
使用表阿霉素皮下注射后建立的化疗药物外渗模型,对照组有效5例,均出现外渗处皮肤红肿,皮肤温度升高症状,其中2例有水疱,均在2-5天后红肿消失,外渗处皮肤恢复正常。对照组无效5例,其中2例在处理后出现局部坏死,皮肤发黑,另外3例在处理后,水疱破裂形成溃疡。药物组有效8例,均出现外渗处皮肤红肿,皮肤温度升高症状,其中5例有水疱,均在2-5天后红肿消失,外渗处皮肤恢复正常。对照组无效2例,均在处理后出现局部坏死,皮肤发黑。结果见下表2。
表2:对放射性皮炎小鼠的作用
有效 | 无效 | 总计 | 有效率 | |
对照组 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 50% |
药物组 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 80% |
以上2个动物试验的研究结果显示,本发明使用现代药物制剂方法,对制备工艺加以改进和创新,将传统中药饮片制成中药饮片提取物亚微乳凝胶,该制剂对于放射性皮炎和化疗药物外渗都有确切的疗效。
实验例3:依从性试验:
本试验中药复方的传统使用方法为:将丹皮18g,川芎18g,红花12g,黄柏20g,老鹳草20g五种成分的中药复方用水煎煮得到水煎剂500ml,或者采用相当于上述药物分量的五种中药成分的免煎颗粒剂加水500ml溶解后得到免煎颗粒的水溶液,其加工过程较为繁琐。临床用药过程中,需要浸泡、湿敷或反复喷涂,让皮肤保持暴露在水煎剂或免煎颗粒水溶液中30分钟以上,早晚一次。为了达到治疗效果,在用药时患者不能进行其他活动,其用药过程也较为繁琐、费时。临床治疗中发现患者用药过程中统计的10例患者中均有不同程度的漏用现象,用药依从性很差。基于上述原因,中药复方的传统使用方法繁琐费时,严重影响了患者的用药效果。
本发明将传统中药复方采用创新方法制备成现代化制剂,试验中采用实施例1中制备方法制得中药复方亚微乳凝胶,患者可以直接使用制剂成品,避免了自己对中药饮片或中药免煎颗粒的加工过程,方便了患者,提高了患者的依从性。同时,在患者治疗过程中,凝胶剂延长了药物在皮肤的滞留时间,避免了传统药物繁琐冗长的浸泡、湿敷或反复喷涂,让患者在治疗时可以进行其他活动或工作,大大节约了患者时间和提高了患者的依从性,因此,也从用药依从性角度间接提高了患者的治疗效果。调查询问上述使用传统方法给药的10例患者对于凝胶剂代替传统给药方式的接收程度,所有患者都表示更加愿意使用凝胶剂,对使用凝胶剂代替原有水煎剂或免煎颗粒水溶液表示欢迎。
以上试验结果显示,传统给药方式繁琐、费时,患者接受度差,依从性差,而中药复方亚微乳凝胶给药方便、节约时间,患者接受度高,依从性好,减少了患者漏用药物的次数,从而间接提高了治疗效果。
实验例4:稳定性试验:
1、试验设计
分别按照水煎法、免煎颗粒加水溶解法制备传统中药复方药液,将丹皮18g,川芎18g,红花12g,黄柏20g,老鹳草20g五种成分的中药复方用水煎煮得到水煎剂500ml,或者采用相当于上述药物分量的五种中药成分的免煎颗粒剂加水500ml溶解后得到免煎颗粒的水溶液,使用以上方法得到水煎法、免颗粒加水溶解法制备的传统中药复方药液各5批。
按照实施例1制备中药复方亚微乳凝胶5批。
在25±2℃,湿度60±5%条件下,放置,每天观察制剂性状,并定期使用高效液相色谱法测定药物含量。
2、试验结果
每天观察不同方式加工得到的制剂性状,结果见下表3:
表3:稳定性试验结果
以上试验结果显示,传统中药复方药液稳定性物理稳定性和化学稳定性都较差,即使进行短期的储存,也会发生沉淀并有含量降低现象。因此,其不能作为制剂储存,必须现用现配,但是,患者进行治疗时,特别是使用水煎中药饮片的患者,很难做到现用现配,往往一次煎煮或免煎颗粒加水溶解后使用数次甚至数天。这种情况必然会导致治疗效果欠佳。然而,中药复方亚微乳凝有较好的物理稳定性和化学稳定性,存储过程中不会出现沉淀和含量明显下降现象,能够保证药物治疗的有效性。
实验例5:微生物实验:
1、试验设计
分别按照水煎法、免煎颗粒加水溶解法制备传统中药复方药液,将丹皮18g,川芎18g,红花12g,黄柏20g,老鹳草20g五种成分的中药复方用水煎煮得到水煎剂500ml,或者采用相当于上述药物分量的五种中药成分的免煎颗粒剂加水500ml溶解后得到免煎颗粒的水溶液,使用以上方法得到水煎法煎、免颗粒加水溶解法制备的传统中药复方药液各5批。
按照实施例1制备中药复方亚微乳凝胶5批。取本品10g,加pH7.0无菌氯化钠-蛋白胨缓冲液至100ml,振摇,研磨至供试品分散均匀,制成1:10的供试液。取1:10的供试液1ml,置pH7.0无
菌氯化钠-蛋白胨缓冲液9ml中,即为1:100的供试液。必要时,同法系列10倍稀释至1:1000的供试液。细菌计数,取1:100的供试液1ml,注皿,依法检查(中国药典2010年版二部微生物检查法);霉菌和酵母菌计数,取1:10的供试液1ml,注皿,(中国药典2010年版二部微生物检查法);大肠埃希菌检查,取1:10的供试液10ml,置胆盐乳糖培养基100ml中,依法检查(中国药典2010年版二部微生物检查法);大肠菌群检查,取含10ml的乳糖胆盐发酵培养基管3支,分别加入1:10、1:100、1:1000的供试液各1ml,依法检查(中国药典2010年版二部微生物检查法)
2、试验结果
如下表5:
表5:微生物检查结果
以上试验结果显示,传统中药复方药液在使用过程中更加易于受到微生物的污染,而使用现代制剂方法制备的中药复方亚微乳凝胶在制备过程中均在洁净环境下采用规范的生产工艺,并且加入了防腐剂,使得其在使用中不易于受到微生物的污染,增强了药物使用的安全性。
Claims (10)
1.一种药物提取物亚微乳凝胶,其特征在于:原料组成和重量比为:丹皮20-50份,川芎20-50份,红花10-40份,黄柏5-60份,老鹳草5-60份。
2.如权利要求1所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶,其特征在于:原料组成和重量比为:丹皮18份,川芎18份,红花12份,黄柏20份,老鹳草20份。
3.如权利要求1所述的药物提取物的亚微乳凝胶,其特征在于:原料组成和重量比为:丹皮36份,川芎36份,红花24份,黄柏5份,老鹳草5份。
4.如权利要求1至3任一所述的药物提取物的亚微乳凝胶,其特征在于:所述的凝胶中,还含有药用油相50-300mg/g、乳化剂5-50mg/g、助乳化剂1-50mg/g、稳定剂0.1-35mg/g、抗氧剂0.1-20mg/g、凝胶基质5-50mg/g、防腐剂0.5-3mg/g。
5.如权利要求4所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶,其特征在于,制成凝胶之前,乳滴粒径平均粒径为120-280nm。
6.如权利要求4所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶,其特征在于,所述的药用油相的是:豆油、中链甘油三酸酯、棉籽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、茶油、红花油、玉米油、葵花子油、花生油、芝麻油、菜籽油中的任意一种或两种以上的混和物;所述的乳化剂的是:蛋黄卵磷脂、大豆卵磷脂、氢化蛋黄卵磷脂、氢化大豆卵磷脂、人工合成卵磷脂中的一种或几种;所述的助乳化剂的是:泊洛沙姆188、胆固醇、吐温-60、吐温-80、司班-60、司班-80中的一种或几种;所述的稳定剂是:油酸和/或油酸钠;所述的作为抗氧剂是维生素E、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)、2,6-二叔丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的一种或几种;所述的凝胶基质为,Carbomer 934、Carbomer 940、Carbomer941、Carbomer980、Pemulen、CMC-Na、HPMC的一种或几种;所述的防腐剂是:羟苯甲酯、羟苯乙酯、苯甲酸钠中的一种或几种。
7.如权利要求5或6任一所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:先用水煎法对原料药进行提取,得到提取物的水溶液,将助乳化剂加入到提取物水溶液中溶解,将防腐剂用适量水或乙醇溶解后加入提取物水溶液中,制成水相;使用有机溶剂浸泡水煎后的中药得到其有机溶剂提取物,再将稳定剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂和药用油相加入到有机溶剂提取物中溶解,减压除去有机溶剂,搅拌均匀,制成油相;边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,搅拌,得到初乳,再将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力600-1000bar,得到亚微乳剂,加入凝胶基质,搅拌至分散均匀,加入三乙醇胺中和,搅拌至得到凝胶,即得。
8.如权利要求7所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:先用水煎法对中药饮片进行提取,得到提取物的水溶液,将助乳化剂加入到提取物水溶液中溶解,将防腐剂用适量水或乙醇溶解后加入提取物水溶液中,制成水相,保持在50-80℃下备用;在50-80℃下,使用有机溶剂浸泡水煎后的中药得到其有机溶剂提取物,再将稳定剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂和药用油相加入到有机溶剂提取物中溶解,在30-50℃下,减压除去有机溶剂,加热至50-80℃,搅拌均匀,制成油相;在50-80℃下,边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000-50000rpm搅拌5-20min,得到初乳,再将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力600-1000bar,均质6-20次,得到亚微乳剂,加入凝胶基质,50-800rpm搅拌至分散均匀,加入三乙醇胺中和,50-500rpm搅拌至得到凝胶,即得。
9.根据权利要求5至6任一所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:先用水煎法对中药饮片进行提取,得到提取物的水溶液,将助乳化剂加入到提取物水溶液中溶解,将防腐剂用适量水或乙醇溶解后加入提取物水溶液中,制成水相,保持在50-80℃下备用;在50-80℃下,将稳定剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂加入到药用油相中溶解,制成油相,油相中使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000-50000rpm快速搅拌5-20min,分散均匀,制成油相;在50-80℃下,边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000-50000rpm快速搅拌5-20min,得到初乳,再将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力600-1000bar,均质6-20次,得到亚微乳剂,放冷后加入凝胶基质,50-800rpm搅拌至分散均匀,即得。
10.根据权利要求5至6任一所述的药物提取物亚微乳凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:将助乳化剂加入到纯化水中溶解,将防腐剂用适量水或乙醇溶解后加入提取物水溶液中,制成水相,保持在50-80℃下备用;在50-80℃下,将稳定剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂加入药用油相中使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000-50000rpm快速搅拌5-20min,分散均匀,制成油相;在50-80℃下,边搅拌边将油相缓缓注入到水相中,使用高剪切分散乳化机转速5000-50000rpm快速搅拌5-20min,得到初乳,再将初乳经高压均质机均质,均质压力600-1000bar,均质6-20次,得到亚微乳剂,使用将中药饮片加入亚微乳中,高压100-126℃,0.5-1.5小时,乳剂中加入防腐剂,高压后经高压均质机均质,均质压力600-1000bar,均质3-8次,得到载药亚微乳剂;放冷后加入凝胶基质,50-800rpm搅拌至分散均匀,加入三乙醇胺,50-500rpm搅拌至得到凝胶,即得。
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