CN106718717B - Cultivation method for improving quality of turmeric medicinal material - Google Patents

Cultivation method for improving quality of turmeric medicinal material Download PDF

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CN106718717B
CN106718717B CN201611011543.9A CN201611011543A CN106718717B CN 106718717 B CN106718717 B CN 106718717B CN 201611011543 A CN201611011543 A CN 201611011543A CN 106718717 B CN106718717 B CN 106718717B
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turmeric
seedlings
planting
mycorrhizal fungi
tissue culture
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CN106718717A (en
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刘建福
王明元
唐源江
李丹丹
杨晓芳
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Huaqiao University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the quality of turmeric medicinal materials, which inoculates mycorrhizal fungi agents in 2 stages of screening and open field planting of turmeric tissue culture seedlings, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a mycorrhizal fungi agent; (2) obtaining turmeric tissue culture seedlings; (3) screening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings to obtain turmeric seedlings; (4) and (5) carrying out open field planting on the turmeric seedlings. In the invention, the root system of the turmeric seedling is inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungal inoculant to form a mycorrhizal symbiont. Hypha enlarges the absorption area of the root system, and the absorption and utilization efficiency of the root system to nutrient elements is improved; the mycorrhizal fungi secrete some growth substances to stimulate the growth and development of root systems, enhance the activity of the root systems of the turmeric and promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites of the turmeric. The method is beneficial to improving photosynthetic capacity, promoting accumulation of soluble sugar and protein photosynthetic products, and improving the content of curcumin compounds and volatile oil, thereby realizing improvement of yield and effective components of turmeric.

Description

Cultivation method for improving quality of turmeric medicinal material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of turmeric cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the quality of turmeric medicinal materials.
Background
The plant of Curcuma is a perennial root herbaceous plant of Zingiberaceae. There are more than 60 curcuma species worldwide, and the distribution is wide, mainly in southeast Asia countries such as India, Burma, Pakistan, Nipol, etc., and tropical and subtropical areas such as Australia. The curcuma species plants in China have about 20 distributed groups, including species, subspecies, varieties and cultivated varieties, and the production area is from the southeast to the southwest of China. Mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, and the turmeric has more distribution types and larger storage amount.
The curcuma species plant is a traditional botanical drug with wide application, and the medicinal value is developed very early, which has a long history. Traditional medicine in china, india, thailand, etc. applies turmeric in a number of ways. Modern researches show that the pharmacological activity of the compound mainly has various pharmacological actions such as antioxidation, anti-tumor, II-type diabetes treatment, thrombosis inhibition, depression treatment, free radical removal, microorganism resistance, digestive system treatment and the like. The turmeric plant can be clinically used for treating cancer, reducing blood fat, protecting liver and benefiting gallbladder, has become a research hotspot at home and abroad in recent years, and relates to more and more extensive research fields.
The turmeric tissue culture and rapid propagation technology has been successful, but the test-tube plantlet is slow to produce, and the content of effective components is low. At present, rhizome of turmeric is used for sowing in production, so that the large-scale, high-efficiency and high-quality production of turmeric is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a cultivation method for improving the quality of turmeric medicinal materials.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for improving the quality of turmeric medicinal materials is to inoculate mycorrhizal fungi agents in 2 stages of screening and open field planting of turmeric tissue culture seedlings, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a mycorrhizal fungi agent: inoculating mycorrhizal fungi to seedlings of a host plant, namely red clover, planted in a culture medium, culturing for 2.5-3.5 months, cutting off overground parts of the red clover plants, cutting the plant root systems into small sections of 0.8-1.2 cm after the culture medium is air-dried, and uniformly mixing the root systems with the culture medium to obtain the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, wherein the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum comprises mycorrhizal fungi spores, sporocarps, mycelia or a mixture of the mycorrhizal root sections and the culture medium, and the culture medium is peat soil: vermiculite: 3-4: 1 or peat soil: perlite: 3-4: 1;
(2) obtaining turmeric tissue culture seedlings;
(3) screening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings to obtain turmeric seedlings;
(4) carrying out open field planting on the turmeric seedlings;
the Curcuma rhizome is Curcuma rhizome L, Curcuma longa Curcuma angustifolia Roxb, Curcuma glauca albicans, Curcuma zedoaria aeruginosa, Curcuma kwangsiensis C.kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang, Curcuma aromatica Salisb, and Curcuma zedoaria sichuanensis; the mycorrhizal fungi are Glomus versiforme and/or Glomus mossea.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (2) is: using a turmeric rhizome as an explant, and performing axillary bud induction, adventitious bud proliferation and strong seedling rooting to obtain a turmeric tissue culture seedling, wherein a culture medium used for axillary bud induction is MS +6-BA 2.5mg/L + NAA 0.2mg/L, a culture medium used for adventitious bud proliferation is MS +6-BA 2.0mg/L + NAA0.5mg/L + TDZ 0.05mg/L, and a culture medium used for strong seedling rooting is 1/2MS +6-BA 0.1mg/L + NAA0.5 mg/L.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (3) is: hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (2), planting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug tray with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, screening the seedlings, and planting 1 plant in each hole and filling the culture medium; during planting, firstly filling a cultivation substrate with 55-65% of the volume of the holes into the holes, putting turmeric tissue culture seedlings, then adding a microbial inoculum substrate with the rest volume of the holes, ensuring that the surface of the root systems of the turmeric tissue culture seedlings is covered with the microbial inoculum substrate, and carrying out seedling screening growth for 1-2 months to obtain the turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm, wherein the microbial inoculum substrate consists of the cultivation substrate and the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, and the weight ratio of the cultivation substrate to the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is 15-20: 1.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (3) is: hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (2), planting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug tray with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, screening the seedlings, and planting 1 plant in each hole and filling the culture medium; during planting, firstly, filling a cultivation substrate with 55-65% of the volume of the holes in the holes, then uniformly scattering 10-15 g of mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum on the surface of the cultivation substrate, then putting turmeric tissue culture seedlings to ensure that root systems are fully contacted with the mycorrhizal fungi, finally, adding the cultivation substrate with the rest volume of the holes, and carrying out seedling screening growth for 1-2 months to obtain turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (4) is: digging planting holes according to the row spacing of the turmeric plants, wherein the diameter of each planting hole is 14-16 cm, and the depth of each planting hole is 9-12 cm; during planting, putting a 2-3 cm-thick microbial inoculum composite matrix at the bottom of a planting hole, taking the turmeric seedlings obtained in the step (3) and the culture matrix to be transplanted into the planting hole, fixing the roots of the turmeric seedlings by using the microbial inoculum composite matrix in the planting hole, and finally backfilling surface soil; the microbial inoculum composite matrix is composed of the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum and a composite matrix, wherein the weight ratio of the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum to the composite matrix is 1: 15-20, the composite matrix is composed of grass carbon and vermiculite, and the weight ratio of the grass carbon to the vermiculite is 1-2: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, the root system of the turmeric seedling is inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungal inoculant to form a mycorrhizal symbiont. Hypha enlarges the absorption area of the root system, and the absorption and utilization efficiency of the root system to nutrient elements is improved; the mycorrhizal fungi secrete some growth substances to stimulate the growth and development of root systems and increase the number of adventitious roots and lateral roots, so that the activity of the root systems of the turmeric is enhanced. This facilitates increased chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and promotion of accumulation of soluble sugar and protein photosynthetic products, thereby achieving increased yield of turmeric.
2. The mycorrhizal fungi and the root system of the turmeric are symbiont, so that the activity of antioxidant enzyme is improved, active oxygen free radicals are eliminated, the cell membrane osmosis and structural stability are protected, and the stress resistance of the turmeric is improved; the mycorrhizal fungi can activate signal substances such as salicylic acid, enhance the activities of key enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase and curcumin synthetase in the curcumin biosynthesis pathway, promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as curcumin compounds and increase the content of effective components of the turmeric medicinal material.
2. The cultivation method is simple, easy to popularize in a large area, remarkable in production benefit and good in development prospect. The invention provides a theoretical basis for the scientific planting of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the safety of the traditional Chinese medicinal material production, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the traditional Chinese medicine planting industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microscopic structure diagram of the root system of turmeric infected by mycorrhizal fungi in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings by means of specific embodiments.
In the following examples, the turmeric is turmeric Curcuma longa L, turmeric Curcuma angustifoliaOxb, turmeric Atractylis albocoma, turmeric Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma kwangsi C.kwangsisensis G.Lee et C.F.Liang, Curcuma aromatica Salisb, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza sichuanensis.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving the quality of turmeric medicinal materials is to inoculate mycorrhizal fungi agents in 2 stages of screening and open field planting of turmeric tissue culture seedlings, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a mycorrhizal fungi agent: inoculating Glomus versiforme (Glomus versiforme) to a host plant red clover seedling (planted in a culture medium), after culturing for 3 months, cutting off the overground part of the plant, after the culture medium is dried in the air, cutting the root system of the plant into small sections of 0.8-1.2 cm, and uniformly mixing the root system and the culture medium to obtain a mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, wherein the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum comprises mycorrhizal fungi spores, sporocarps, mycelia or a mixture of the mycorrhizal root sections and the culture medium, and the culture medium is peat soil and vermiculite or peat soil and perlite which are 3-4: 1;
(2) obtaining turmeric tissue culture seedlings: using a turmeric rhizome as an explant, and performing axillary bud induction, adventitious bud proliferation and strong seedling rooting to obtain a turmeric tissue culture seedling, wherein a culture medium used for axillary bud induction is MS +6-BA 2.5mg/L + NAA 0.2mg/L, a culture medium used for adventitious bud proliferation is MS +6-BA 2.0mg/L + NAA0.5mg/L + TDZ 0.05mg/L, and a culture medium used for strong seedling rooting is 1/2MS +6-BA 0.1mg/L + NAA0.5 mg/L;
(3) screening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings to obtain turmeric seedlings: hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (2), planting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug tray with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, and screening the seedlings, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole; during planting, firstly filling a cultivation substrate with 55-65% of the volume of holes into the holes, putting turmeric tissue culture seedlings, then adding a microbial inoculum substrate with the rest volume of holes, ensuring that the surface of the root systems of the turmeric tissue culture seedlings is covered with the microbial inoculum substrate, and carrying out seedling screening growth for 1-2 months to obtain turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm, wherein the microbial inoculum substrate consists of the cultivation substrate and the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, and the weight ratio of the cultivation substrate to the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is 15-20: 1; or hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (2), planting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug tray with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, and screening the seedlings, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole; during planting, firstly filling a cultivation substrate with 55-65% of the volume of the holes in the holes, then uniformly scattering 10g of the mycorrhizal fungi agent on the surface of the cultivation substrate, then putting turmeric tissue culture seedlings to ensure that root systems are fully contacted with the mycorrhizal agents, finally adding the cultivation substrate with the rest volume of the holes, and carrying out seedling screening and growth for 1-2 months to obtain turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm;
(4) carrying out open field planting on the curcuma longa seedlings: digging planting holes according to the row spacing of the turmeric plants, wherein the diameter of each planting hole is 14-16 cm, and the depth of each planting hole is 9-12 cm; during planting, firstly putting a 2-3 cm-thick microbial inoculum composite matrix at the bottom of a planting hole, taking the turmeric seedling obtained in the step (3) and the culture matrix to be transplanted into the planting hole, fixing the root of the turmeric seedling by using the microbial inoculum composite matrix in the planting hole, and finally backfilling surface soil; the microbial inoculum composite matrix consists of the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum and a composite matrix, wherein the weight ratio of the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum to the composite matrix is 1: 20, the composite matrix consists of grass carbon and vermiculite, and the weight ratio of the grass carbon to the vermiculite is 1-2: 1; and performing conventional fertilization management according to soil fertility during the growth period of the turmeric, and performing conventional field management on moisture, weeds, diseased plants, insect pests and the like.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving the quality of turmeric medicinal materials is to inoculate mycorrhizal fungi agents in 2 stages of screening and open field planting of turmeric tissue culture seedlings, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a mycorrhizal fungi agent: inoculating sacculus mosseae (Glomus mossea) to a host plant red clover seedling (planted in a culture medium), after culturing for 3 months, cutting off the overground part of the plant, after the culture medium is dried in the air, cutting the root system of the plant into small sections of 0.8-1.2 cm, and uniformly mixing the root system and the culture medium to obtain a mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, wherein the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum comprises mycorrhizal fungi spores, sporocarps, mycelia or a mixture of the mycorrhizal root sections and the culture medium, and the culture medium is peat soil and vermiculite or peat soil and perlite which are 3-4: 1;
(2) obtaining turmeric tissue culture seedlings: using a turmeric rhizome as an explant, and performing axillary bud induction, adventitious bud proliferation and strong seedling rooting to obtain a turmeric tissue culture seedling, wherein a culture medium used for axillary bud induction is MS +6-BA 2.5mg/L + NAA 0.2mg/L, a culture medium used for adventitious bud proliferation is MS +6-BA 2.0mg/L + NAA0.5mg/L + TDZ 0.05mg/L, and a culture medium used for strong seedling rooting is 1/2MS +6-BA 0.1mg/L + NAA0.5 mg/L;
(3) screening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings to obtain turmeric seedlings: hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (2), planting the hardened turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, screening the seedlings, planting 1 plant in each hole, firstly filling 55-65% of a culture substrate with hole volume in each hole during planting, putting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings, then adding a microbial inoculum substrate with the rest hole volume, ensuring that the surface of a root system of the turmeric tissue culture seedlings is covered with the microbial inoculum substrate, and screening the seedlings to grow for 1-2 months to obtain the turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm, wherein the microbial inoculum substrate consists of the culture substrate and the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, and the weight ratio of the culture substrate to the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is 15-20: 1; or hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (2), planting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug tray with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, and screening the seedlings, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole; during planting, firstly filling a cultivation substrate with 55-65% of the volume of the holes in the holes, then uniformly scattering 15g of the mycorrhizal fungi agent on the surface of the cultivation substrate, then putting turmeric tissue culture seedlings to ensure that root systems fully contact the mycorrhizal fungi agent, finally adding the cultivation substrate with the rest volume of the holes, and carrying out seedling screening and growth for 1-2 months to obtain turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm;
(4) carrying out open field planting on the curcuma longa seedlings: digging planting holes according to the row spacing of the turmeric plants, wherein the diameter of each planting hole is 14-16 cm, and the depth of each planting hole is 9-12 cm; during planting, firstly putting a 2-3 cm-thick microbial inoculum composite matrix at the bottom of a planting hole, taking the turmeric seedling obtained in the step (3) and the culture matrix to be transplanted into the planting hole, fixing the root of the turmeric seedling by using the microbial inoculum composite matrix in the planting hole, and finally backfilling surface soil; the microbial inoculum composite matrix consists of the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum and a composite matrix, wherein the weight ratio of the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum to the composite matrix is 1: 15, the composite matrix consists of grass carbon and vermiculite, and the weight ratio of the grass carbon to the vermiculite is 1-2: 1; and performing conventional fertilization management according to soil fertility during the growth period of the turmeric, and performing conventional field management on moisture, weeds, diseased plants, insect pests and the like.
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving the quality of turmeric medicinal materials is to inoculate mycorrhizal fungi agents in 2 stages of screening and open field planting of turmeric tissue culture seedlings, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a mycorrhizal fungi agent: respectively inoculating Glomus versiforme (Glomus versiforme) and Glomus mosseae (Glomus mosseae) to host plant red clover seedlings (planted in a culture medium), after culturing for 3 months, cutting off overground parts of the plants, after the culture medium is air-dried, cutting the root systems of the plants into small sections of 0.8-1.2 cm, uniformly mixing the root systems (corresponding to the Glomus versiforme (Glomus versiforme) and the Glomus mosseae) according to a ratio of 2: 3) and the culture medium to obtain mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, wherein the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum comprises a mixture of mycorrhizal fungi spores, sporocarps, mycelia or mycorrhizal root sections and the culture medium, and the culture medium is peat soil: vermiculite: 3-4: 1 or peat soil: perlite: 3-4: 1; .
(2) Obtaining turmeric tissue culture seedlings: using a turmeric rhizome as an explant, and performing axillary bud induction, adventitious bud proliferation and strong seedling rooting to obtain a turmeric tissue culture seedling, wherein a culture medium used for axillary bud induction is MS +6-BA 2.5mg/L + NAA 0.2mg/L, a culture medium used for adventitious bud proliferation is MS +6-BA 2.0mg/L + NAA0.5mg/L + TDZ 0.05mg/L, and a culture medium used for strong seedling rooting is 1/2MS +6-BA 0.1mg/L + NAA0.5 mg/L;
(3) screening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings to obtain turmeric seedlings: hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (2), planting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug tray with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, and screening the seedlings, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole; during planting, firstly filling a cultivation substrate with 55-65% of the volume of holes into the holes, putting turmeric tissue culture seedlings, then adding a microbial inoculum substrate with the rest volume of holes, ensuring that the surface of the root systems of the turmeric tissue culture seedlings is covered with the microbial inoculum substrate, and carrying out seedling screening growth for 1-2 months to obtain turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm, wherein the microbial inoculum substrate consists of the cultivation substrate and the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, and the weight ratio of the cultivation substrate to the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is 15-20: 1; or hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (2), planting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug tray with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, and screening the seedlings, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole; the culture medium in the holes is peat soil and vermiculite in a ratio of 3-4: 1 or peat soil and perlite in a ratio of 3-4: 1, during planting, the culture medium with the volume of 55-65% of the holes is filled in the holes, then 12g of mycorrhizal fungi agent is uniformly scattered on the surface of the culture medium, then turmeric tissue culture seedlings are put in the holes to ensure that root systems fully contact the mycorrhizal fungi agent, finally the culture medium with the volume of the rest holes is added, and seedling screening growth is carried out for 1-2 months to obtain turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm;
(4) carrying out open field planting on the curcuma longa seedlings: digging planting holes according to the row spacing of the turmeric plants, wherein the diameter of each planting hole is 14-16 cm, and the depth of each planting hole is 9-12 cm; during planting, firstly putting a 2-3 cm-thick microbial inoculum composite matrix at the bottom of a planting hole, taking the turmeric seedling obtained in the step (3) and the culture matrix to be transplanted into the planting hole, fixing the root of the turmeric seedling by using the microbial inoculum composite matrix in the planting hole, and finally backfilling surface soil; the microbial inoculum composite matrix consists of the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum and a composite matrix, wherein the weight ratio of the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum to the composite matrix is 1: 18, the composite matrix consists of grass carbon and vermiculite, and the weight ratio of the grass carbon to the vermiculite is 1-2: 1; and performing conventional fertilization management according to soil fertility during the growth period of the turmeric, and performing conventional field management on moisture, weeds, diseased plants, insect pests and the like.
Example 4
(1) Obtaining turmeric tissue culture seedlings: using a turmeric rhizome as an explant, and performing axillary bud induction, adventitious bud proliferation and strong seedling rooting to obtain a turmeric tissue culture seedling, wherein a culture medium used for axillary bud induction is MS +6-BA 2.5mg/L + NAA 0.2mg/L, a culture medium used for adventitious bud proliferation is MS +6-BA 2.0mg/L + NAA0.5mg/L + TDZ 0.05mg/L, and a culture medium used for strong seedling rooting is 1/2MS +6-BA 0.1mg/L + NAA0.5 mg/L;
(2) screening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings to obtain turmeric seedlings: hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (1), planting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug tray with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, and screening the seedlings, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole; the culture medium in the holes is peat soil and vermiculite in a ratio of 3-4: 1 or peat soil and perlite in a ratio of 3-4: 1, during planting, 55-65% of the volume of the holes in the holes are filled with the culture medium, turmeric tissue culture seedlings are placed into the holes, the culture medium in the rest of the hole volume is added, and the seedlings are screened and grown for 1-2 months to obtain turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm;
(3) carrying out open field planting on the curcuma longa seedlings: digging planting holes according to the row spacing of the turmeric plants, wherein the diameter of each planting hole is 14-16 cm, and the depth of each planting hole is 9-12 cm; transplanting the turmeric seedlings obtained in the step (2) and a culture medium into planting holes, fixing roots of the turmeric seedlings by using the composite medium in the planting holes, and finally backfilling surface soil; the composite matrix consists of grass carbon and vermiculite, wherein the weight ratio of the grass carbon to the vermiculite is 1-2: 1; and performing conventional fertilization management according to soil fertility during the growth period of the turmeric, and performing conventional field management on moisture, weeds, diseased plants, insect pests and the like.
Example 5
In the embodiments, the root infection detection is carried out after 1 month of field planting, the turmeric samples are taken in the vigorous growth period of 10 months to carry out the measurement of physiological indexes, and the turmeric is harvested in 1 month to carry out the analysis of yield and quality components.
And (4) analyzing results: FIG. 1 is a microscopic view showing the root system of Curcuma longa infected with mycorrhizal fungi, and FIG. 1A is a case where saccaromyces terrestris (Gv) on the surface of the mycelium of the root system of Curcuma longa of example 1; in FIG. 1, B is Sphaerotheca fuliginea (G) of example 2M) Infecting turmeric rootHyphal condition of the line; in FIG. 1, C is glomus terrestris and glomus mosseae (G) of example 3V+GM) The hypha condition of turmeric root system is infected; in FIG. 1, D is the microstructure of the root system of Curcuma longa without inoculation of the mycorrhizal fungus. The mycorrhizal infection rate is more than 98% after the turmeric tissue culture seedling screening is finished, and the mycorrhizal infection rate reaches 100% after 1 month of open field planting. Therefore, the rhizobia of the root system of the turmeric can be efficiently transformed by inoculating the mycorrhizal fungi for 2 times.
The physiological characteristics of the turmeric seedlings inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungi agent in the examples 1, 2 and 3 in the table 1 are obviously different from those of the different examples in the table 1, and the seedlings are inoculated with glomus terrestris (G)V) Or Musicella bursa-pastoris (G)M) The physiological index of the strain is obviously higher than that of the strain without inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi; and inoculated with glomus terrestris and glomus mosseae (G)V+GM) The effect of the mixed microbial inoculum is more obvious. As can be seen from Table 1, the chlorophyll content of the inoculated mycorrhizal fungi is increased by 93.41-140.50%, the net photosynthetic rate is increased by 12.85-51.01%, the soluble sugar content is increased by 43.59-82.05%, the soluble protein content is increased by 44.19-102.33%, the superoxide dismutase activity is increased by 46.75-59.97%, and the peroxidase activity is increased by 73.36-143.86%. Therefore, the inoculated mycorrhizal fungi improves the activity of the root system, promotes the absorption of the root system to nutrient substances, increases the chlorophyll content of the leaves, improves the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves and promotes the generation of soluble sugar of a photosynthetic product; meanwhile, the inoculation of the mycorrhizal fungi is beneficial to improving the cell membrane structure, improving the activity of antioxidant enzyme, enhancing the scavenging capacity of superoxide anions and reducing active oxygen free radicals, thereby improving the stress resistance of turmeric cells.
TABLE 1 Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on physiological Properties of Curcuma rhizome
Figure BDA0001155033450000081
In table 2, the turmeric seedlings of examples 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, and the yield and quality component content of turmeric were measured after harvesting. The yield and the quality component content of the embodiments 1-3 are both obviously improved; and inoculated with glomus terrestris and glomus mosseae (G)V+GM) The effect of the mixed microbial inoculum is more obvious. As can be seen from the table 2, the yield of the rhizomes treated by the inoculated mycorrhizal fungi is improved by 43.47-70.40%, the curcumin content is improved by 43.89-182.46%, the demethoxycurcumin content is improved by 32.14-67.59%, the bisdemethoxycurcumin content is improved by 52.11-88.73%, and the volatile oil content is improved by 9.58-20.51%. Therefore, the inoculation of the mycorrhizal fungi not only improves the yield of the rhizome of the turmeric, but also obviously improves the content of curcumin compounds and volatile oil in the turmeric. Therefore, the mycorrhizal fungi promote the accumulation of the medicinal components of the turmeric and improve the quality of the turmeric.
TABLE 2 influence of mycorrhizal fungi on yield and quality of turmeric
Figure BDA0001155033450000082
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. A cultivation method for improving the quality of turmeric medicinal materials is characterized by comprising the following steps: inoculating mycorrhizal fungi agent in 2 stages of screening and open field planting of turmeric tissue culture seedling, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a mycorrhizal fungi agent: inoculating mycorrhizal fungi to seedlings of a host plant, namely red clover, planted in a culture medium, culturing for 2.5-3.5 months, cutting off overground parts of the red clover, cutting the plant root into small sections of 0.8-1.2 cm after the culture medium is air-dried, and uniformly mixing the root and the culture medium to obtain the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, wherein the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum comprises mycorrhizal fungi spores, sporocarps, mycelia or a mixture of the mycorrhizal root sections and the culture medium, and the culture medium is peat soil, namely vermiculite = 3-4: 1 or peat soil, namely perlite = 3-4: 1;
(2) obtaining turmeric tissue culture seedlings;
(3) screening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings to obtain turmeric seedlings, which specifically comprise the following steps: hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (2), planting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug tray with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, screening the seedlings, and planting 1 plant in each hole and filling the culture medium; during planting, firstly filling 55-65% of the volume of the holes in the holes with a culture medium, putting turmeric tissue culture seedlings, then adding a microbial inoculum medium with the rest volume of the holes, ensuring that the surface of the root systems of the turmeric tissue culture seedlings is covered with the microbial inoculum medium, and carrying out seedling screening growth for 1-2 months to obtain turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm, wherein the microbial inoculum medium consists of the culture medium and the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, and the weight ratio of the culture medium to the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is 15-20: 1;
or hardening the turmeric tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (2), planting the turmeric tissue culture seedlings in a 128-hole plug tray with hole sizes of 3cm in upper caliber, 3.8cm in height and 1.5cm in lower caliber, screening the seedlings, and planting 1 plant in each hole and filling the culture medium; during planting, firstly filling a cultivation substrate with 55-65% of the volume of the holes in the holes, then uniformly scattering 10-15 g of the mycorrhizal fungi agent on the surface of the cultivation substrate, then putting turmeric tissue culture seedlings to ensure that root systems fully contact the mycorrhizal fungi agent, finally adding the cultivation substrate with the rest volume of the holes, and carrying out seedling screening growth for 1-2 months to obtain turmeric seedlings with the plant height of 15-20 cm
(4) Carrying out open field planting on the turmeric seedlings, specifically comprising the following steps: digging planting holes according to the row spacing of the turmeric plants, wherein the diameter of each planting hole is 14-16 cm, and the depth of each planting hole is 9-12 cm; during planting, putting a 2-3 cm-thick microbial inoculum composite matrix at the bottom of a planting hole, taking the turmeric seedlings obtained in the step (3) and the culture matrix to be transplanted into the planting hole, fixing the roots of the turmeric seedlings by using the microbial inoculum composite matrix in the planting hole, and finally backfilling surface soil; the microbial inoculum composite matrix consists of the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum and a composite matrix, wherein the weight ratio of the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum to the composite matrix is 1: 15-20, the composite matrix consists of grass carbon and vermiculite, and the weight ratio of the grass carbon to the vermiculite is 1-2: 1;
the Curcuma rhizome is Curcuma rhizomeCurcuma longaL, Curcuma xanthorrhizaCurcuma angustifoliaRoxb, turmeric root StemCurcuma albicomaCurcumae rhizomaCurcuma aeruginosaGuangxi rhizoma CurcumaeC．kwangsiensisS.G. Lee et C.F. Liang, curcuma aromaticaCurcuma aromaticaSalisb, Sichuan radix CurcumaeCurcuma sichuanensis(ii) a The mycorrhizal fungi is glomus terrestrisGlomus versiformeAnd/or Gliocladium mosseaeGlomus mosseae。
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step (2) is as follows: using rhizome of curcuma longa as explant, carrying out axillary bud induction, adventitious bud proliferation and strong seedling rooting to obtain tissue culture seedling of curcuma longa, wherein the culture medium used for axillary bud induction is MS +6-BA 2.5mg/L + NAA 0.2mg/L, the culture medium used for adventitious bud proliferation is MS +6-BA 2.0mg/L + NAA0.5mg/L + TDZ 0.05mg/L, and the culture medium used for strong seedling rooting is 1/2MS +6-BA 0.1mg/L + NAA0.5 mg/L.
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JPH04112724A (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-04-14 Yukio Takai Formation of fungal colony in field of fungus of mycorrhiza
CN103125251A (en) * 2013-03-18 2013-06-05 西南大学 Application method of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in large-scale tobacco cultivation

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JPH04112724A (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-04-14 Yukio Takai Formation of fungal colony in field of fungus of mycorrhiza
CN103125251A (en) * 2013-03-18 2013-06-05 西南大学 Application method of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in large-scale tobacco cultivation

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