CN106715092B - 与风轮机叶片制造相关的改进 - Google Patents

与风轮机叶片制造相关的改进 Download PDF

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CN106715092B
CN106715092B CN201580048405.5A CN201580048405A CN106715092B CN 106715092 B CN106715092 B CN 106715092B CN 201580048405 A CN201580048405 A CN 201580048405A CN 106715092 B CN106715092 B CN 106715092B
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mounting flange
adhesive
wind turbine
shear web
blade shell
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CN106715092A (zh
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J·史密斯
S·瓦尔德洛佩尔
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/54—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts
    • B29C65/542—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts by injection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/54—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts
    • B29C65/544—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts by suction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7823—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
    • B29C65/7826—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00145—Vacuum, e.g. partial vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B29C66/636—Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05B2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract

一种将抗剪腹板(50)结合到风轮机叶片壳体(75)的方法及获得的叶片，其中抗剪腹板(50)包括腹板和横向于腹板(50)取向的安装凸缘(56)。该方法包含：在抗剪腹板(50)的安装凸缘(56)上设置密封件(66，68)，使得当安装凸缘(56)抵着叶片壳体(75)定位时，通过安装凸缘(56)和叶片壳体(75)之间的密封件来限定腔体(76)。然后，将腔体(76)的空气抽真空并且将粘合剂注入腔体(76)中。优选地使用件(80)来保持安装凸缘(56)和叶片壳体(75)之间的距离。

Description

与风轮机叶片制造相关的改进
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及风轮机叶片的制造，并且更具体地，涉及将抗剪腹板结合到风轮机叶片壳体的改进方法。
背景技术
风轮机叶片(诸如，在现代大型电站级风轮机上采用的长叶片)通常包括主要由诸如玻璃纤维增强塑料的复合材料制成的大体中空的叶片壳体。参照图1，图1示出已知风轮机叶片10的剖视图。叶片壳体由两个半壳体(迎风壳体12和背风壳体14)制成，这两个壳体被沿着相应的半壳体12、14的前缘16和后缘18结合在一起。每个半壳体12、14由多个玻璃纤维织物层以及诸如泡沫芯材料20和碳纤维增强件22的其它结构部件制成。
一对抗剪腹板24结合在相应的半壳体12、14之间。抗剪腹板24是纵向延伸的结构，桥接叶片10的这两个半壳体12、14并且用于在使用中将剪切负载从叶片10传递到风轮机轮毂。抗剪腹板24是I形梁，即，每个抗剪腹板24的横截面是大体I形，并且包括设置在上安装凸缘28和下安装凸缘30之间的大体垂直腹板26。上安装凸缘28和下安装凸缘30横向于腹板26布置，并且大体限定用于将抗剪腹板24分别安装于背风叶片壳体14和迎风叶片壳体12的平坦表面。更具体地，每个抗剪腹板24的下安装凸缘30被结合到限定在迎风半壳体12的内表面34上的相应的抗剪腹板安装区域32，而每个抗剪腹板24的上安装凸缘28被结合到限定在背风半壳体14的内表面38上的相应的抗剪腹板安装区域36。
现在，将参照图2a至图2c来简要描述用于制造图1的风轮机叶片的方法。
初始地参照图2a，图2a示出被划分成两个凹半模具的用于风轮机叶片10的模具40，这两个凹半模具即以模具40的开口构造并排布置的迎风模具42和背风模具44。迎风叶片壳体12和背风叶片壳体14分开地在它们相应的半模具42、44中模制而成。如图2a中所示，迎风叶片壳体12被支撑于迎风模具42的模具表面46上，并且背风叶片壳体14被支撑于背风模具44的模具表面48上。
在相应的半模具42、44中形成叶片壳体12、14之后，沿着迎风半壳体12的前缘16和后缘18和/或沿着背风半壳体14的前缘16和后缘18施用粘合剂。还沿着限定在迎风半壳体12的内表面34上的抗剪腹板安装区域32施用粘合剂。沿着抗剪腹板24的上安装凸缘28，施用其它粘合剂(参见图2b)。
参照图2b，一旦向各表面16、18、28施用了粘合剂，然后就将抗剪腹板24抬高至迎风半模具42中，并且在安装区域32中将抗剪腹板24的下安装凸缘30抵着迎风半壳体12的内表面34定位。
现在，参照图2c，一旦抗剪腹板24已经抵着迎风叶片壳体12定位，包括背风叶片壳体14的背风模具44就被抬高、转向并且放置在迎风叶片模具42的顶部上。该过程被称为“闭合模具”。在背风半壳体14的重量下，相应半壳体12、14之间的粘合剂以及抗剪腹板24和半壳体12、14之间的粘合剂被挤到相应这些界面处。在模具40保持闭合的情况下，任凭粘合剂固化，即，变硬。一旦粘合剂已经固化，然后就打开模具40，并且取出完工的叶片10。固化后的粘合剂将半壳体12、14牢固地结合在一起，并且将抗剪腹板24牢固地结合到半壳体12、14。
在上述过程中，一旦向各种部件施用了粘合剂，重要的就是，尽可能快速地将抗剪腹板24装载到迎风模具42中，以避免在抗剪腹板24正确定位之前粘合剂部分地固化。然而，正确定位抗剪腹板24会困难且耗时，并且如果粘合剂同时部分地固化，则其粘度将增大，并且这样会对抗剪腹板24和叶片壳体12、14之间的所得结合线产生不利影响。
通常在以上过程中使用的诸如环氧树脂的粘合剂可能会以被称为“氨基甲酸酯化(carbamation)”的过程中与空气中的湿气和二氧化碳产生不利反应。如果发生这个，则会在粘合剂上出现油腻的残留物，这会牺牲结合接头的强度。为此原因，期望限制将粘合剂暴露于空气，或者另外可使用诸如除湿器和热鼓风机的设备来降低氨基甲酸酯化的风险。
环氧树脂和许多其它粘合剂还使工人进行操纵时存在危险。因此，期望在可能时避免或至少最低程度地接触或暴露于粘合剂。
通常，需要用数吨粘合剂将叶片接合在一起并且将抗剪腹板结合就位。在上述过程中，当将壳体聚拢在一起时，从结合界面中挤出大比例的粘合剂。此粘合剂实际上被浪费掉，但仍然对完工的风轮机叶片的整体重量产生影响，并且表现出大量的材料成本。
本发明的目的是提供避免或者另外克服了以上问题中的一个或全部的一种将部件结合在一起的改进方法。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种将抗剪腹板结合到风轮机叶片壳体的方法，所述抗剪腹板包括腹板和横向于所述腹板取向的安装凸缘，并且该方法包括：
a.将所述抗剪腹板相对于所述叶片壳体定位，使得所述安装凸缘与所述叶片壳体的内表面成相互对置的关系；
b.在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间设置主密封件，所述主密封件限定所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间的大体密闭的主腔体；
c.去除所述主腔体中的空气，以在所述主腔体中形成真空；
d.允许粘合剂进入所述主腔体中；以及
e.固化所述粘合剂。
本发明的所述方法是创建一致地明确限定的结合线的可重复过程。结合线是由被填充粘合剂的主腔体的尺寸限定的。因为粘合剂被包含在主腔体内并且没有“挤出”粘合剂，所以消除了粘合剂浪费。因此，相比于现有技术的结合过程，减少粘合剂的材料成本和叶片的整体重量。
因为抗剪腹板在注入粘合剂之前就位，消除了在将腹板装载到叶片中并且正确定位之前粘合剂固化的风险。这样允许在发生结合过程之前有更多时间来正确定位腹板。另外，这样允许使用不同的粘合剂，例如，在本方法中可使用固化时间更快的更具反应性的粘合剂。
因为在本方法中粘合剂没有接触空气，所以避免了氨基甲酸酯化的风险。在本方法中，因为将粘合剂注入密封腔体中，所以还有利的是，操作人员和粘合剂之间不再有接触。因此，这样降低了人员有任何与操纵粘合剂关联的风险。
该方法可包括：在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间的所述主腔体中设置一个或更多个分隔件元件。所述分隔件元件优选地被构造成当在所述主腔体中形成真空时保持所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面成分隔开的关系。这样有利地保持主腔体敞开并且防止安装凸缘被拉得太靠近叶片壳体的内表面。分隔件还方便地设定抗剪腹板和叶片壳体之间的结合高度。分隔件优选地由诸如木材、塑料或金属的基本不可压缩材料制成。
该方法可包含：允许粘合剂经由与所述主腔体流体连通地布置的一个或更多个粘合剂端口进入所述主腔体中。该方法还可包括：通过与所述主腔体流体连通地设置的一个或更多个真空端口来去除所述主腔体中的空气。在本发明的优选实施方式中，所述粘合剂端口和所述真空端口设置在所述抗剪腹板的所述安装凸缘中。然而，在其它示例中，端口可以设置在别处，例如，设置在主密封件中或叶片壳体中。
该方法优选地包括：监测所述主腔体中的压力，并且通过监测到的所述压力的突然改变来确定所述主腔体何时充满粘合剂。可例如在远程设置的真空泵处与抗剪腹板远程地监测压力。这样有利地允许远程地控制和监测过程。
在本发明特别优选的实施方式中，该方法包含：在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间设置辅助密封件。优选地，所述辅助密封件至少部分地包围所述主密封件，并且更优选地，所述辅助密封件完全包围所述主密封件。优选地，所述辅助密封件与所述主密封件分隔开，以限定所述主密封件和所述辅助密封件之间的外围腔体。所述外围腔体优选地至少部分地包围所述主腔体，并且更优选地，完全包围所述主腔体。该方法优选地包含：去除所述外围腔体中的空气，以在所述外围腔体中形成真空。
优选地，在将所述抗剪腹板抵着所述叶片壳体布置之前，所述主密封件和/或所述辅助密封件与所述抗剪腹板的所述安装凸缘结合在一起。
该方法优选地包括：通过与所述外围腔体流体地连通的一个或更多个真空端口来去除所述外围腔体中的空气。真空端口优选地设置在抗剪腹板的安装凸缘中，但是可另选地设置在诸如辅助密封件中或叶片壳体中的任何其它合适位置中。
优选地，该方法包括：将所述外围腔体中的压力降低至比所述主腔体中更低的水平，以在所述外围腔体中形成比所述主腔体中更强的真空。有利地，外围腔体中的真空用作包围主密封件的夹持件并且对抗注入主腔体中的粘合剂的压力。这样降低了主密封件在粘合剂的压力作用下破裂的可能性。还将经由外围腔体并因此远离结合线地消除该过程中的任何空气进入。
该方法可有利地包括：监测所述外围腔体中的压力，并且通过监测到的所述压力的突然改变来检测所述主密封件中的泄漏的存在。可有利地在远离抗剪腹板的位置处(例如在远程设置的真空泵处)监测压力，从而允许远程监测并且控制该过程。
该方法优选地包括：一旦已经在所述主腔体和所述外围腔体二者中形成了真空，就允许粘合剂进入所述主腔体中。
该方法优选地包括：致使所述粘合剂在所述主腔体内沿纵向方向流动。这可通过将粘合剂端口在纵向方向上与真空端口分隔开来实现。在其它实施方式中，端口可被构造成致使粘合剂沿翼弦方向流动。
本发明因此提供了一种制成风轮机叶片的方法，该方法包括：根据上述方法将抗剪腹板结合到风轮机叶片壳体的内表面。所述叶片壳体可以是风轮机叶片的第一半壳体，并且该方法还可包括将第二半壳体结合到所述第一半壳体。该方法还提供一种根据以上方法制成的风轮机叶片。
本发明还提供了一种风轮机叶片，该风轮机叶片包括叶片壳体和位于所述叶片壳体内部的抗剪腹板，其中，所述抗剪腹板包括腹板和横向于所述腹板取向的安装凸缘，所述安装凸缘通过在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的内表面之间由主密封件限界的粘合剂填充腔体内的固化的粘合剂而结合到所述叶片壳体的所述内表面。
所述风轮机叶片还可包括在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间的所述粘合剂填充腔体内的一个或更多个分隔件元件。所述分隔件元件优选地由基本不可压缩材料制成。所述抗剪腹板的所述安装凸缘可包括一个或更多个粘合剂入口端口和/或一个或更多个真空端口。
所述风轮机叶片优选地包括所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间的辅助密封件。所述辅助密封件优选地至少部分地包围所述主密封件并且更优选地完全包围所述主密封件。所述辅助密封件优选地与所述主密封件分隔开，以限定所述主密封件和所述辅助密封件之间的外围腔体。
因为粘合剂被包含在主腔体内，所以外围腔体优选地基本没有粘合剂。
所述抗剪腹板优选地包括分别沿着所述抗剪腹板的对置纵向边缘延伸的一对安装凸缘。所述安装凸缘中的一个优选地在所述壳体的迎风侧被结合到所述叶片壳体的所述内表面，并且另一个安装凸缘在所述壳体的背风侧被结合到所述叶片壳体的所述内表面。
本发明还提供了一种具有如上所述的风轮机叶片的风轮机。
本发明还提供了一种抗剪腹板，所述抗剪腹板包括腹板和横向于所述腹板取向的安装凸缘，其中，一个或更多个密封件与所述安装凸缘结合在一起。所述安装凸缘优选地还包括一个或更多个粘合剂端口和/或一个或更多个真空端口。
凭借方法表达的相对于本发明描述的可选特征还应用于凭借风轮机叶片或凭借抗剪腹板表达的本发明，反之亦然。有可能单纯出于简明的原因，避免对这些特征的重复。
附图说明
以上已经通过本发明的背景描述了图1和图2a至图2c。为了可更容易地理解本发明，现在将参照图3至图9来描述本发明的示例，在附图中：
图3是根据本发明的一个实施方式的包括设置在上安装凸缘和下安装凸缘之间的腹板的抗剪腹板的部分的立体图；
图4是抗剪腹板的下安装凸缘的部分的透视立体图；
图5是抗剪腹板的下安装凸缘的外表面的平面图；
图6是抗剪腹板的下安装凸缘的内表面的平面图；
图7是沿着图4中的线A-A截取的抗剪腹板的下安装凸缘的示意性剖视图，其中抗剪腹板抵着叶片壳体的内表面定位；
图8是当抵着叶片壳体的内表面密封时抗剪腹板的下安装凸缘的剖视图；以及
图9示出与位于抗剪腹板的下安装凸缘上的真空端口和粘合剂入口端口连接的真空系统和粘合剂系统。
具体实施方式
参照图3，图3示出根据本发明的一个实施方式的纵向延伸的抗剪腹板50的第一端。抗剪腹板50的长度(L)大致是80米并且高度(H)沿着其长度而变化，在一端的最大高度大约是4.5米。抗剪腹板50的横截面是大体I形并且包括设置在上安装凸缘54和下安装凸缘56之间的大体垂直腹板52。在该示例中，安装凸缘54、56与腹板52大体垂直地布置，即，大体水平。
下安装凸缘56包括内表面58和外表面60。术语“内”和“外”相对于抗剪腹板50在使用中所附连的风轮机叶片的中心纵轴(例如，垂直于图1的纸张延伸的图1中的叶片10的中心纵轴(C))。在图5中用平面图示出下安装凸缘56的外表面60，而在图6中用平面图示出下安装凸缘56的内表面58。图6中的虚线指示腹板52的位置。
现在，另外参照图4，图4是为了清晰起见省略了腹板52的下安装凸缘56的透视立体图，另外参照图5和图6的平面图，多个真空端口62a、62b和多个粘合剂入口端口64位于下安装凸缘56的内表面58上。主密封件66和辅助密封件68设置在下安装凸缘56的外表面60上。
主密封件66和辅助密封件68是真空密封型密封件并且由丁基橡胶制成。主密封件66布置成矩形，使得在主密封件66内限定矩形主区域70。辅助密封件68也布置成矩形并且包围主密封件66。在这个示例中，辅助密封件68与主密封件66略微分隔开大致2cm，使得在两个密封件66、68之间限定外围区域72。
当抗剪腹板50的下安装凸缘56抵着表面(诸如，叶片壳体75的内表面74)定位(参见图7)时，主密封件66限定下安装凸缘56和表面74之间的大体矩形的主腔体76，并且辅助密封件68限定包围主腔体76的外围腔体78。换句话讲，上述的主区域70和外围区域72变成大体密闭的腔体76、78。主腔体76位于抗剪腹板50的腹板部分52的正下方。
除了图7之外，仍然参照图4至图6，以上提到的多个真空端口62a、62b包括第一组真空端口62a和第二组真空端口62b。第一组真空端口62a在使用中与主腔体76流体连通，即，第一组真空端口62a延伸到由主密封件66限界的主区域70中。第二组真空端口62b与外围腔体78流体连通，即，第二组真空端口62b延伸到限定在密封件66、68之间的外围区域72中。以上提到的粘合剂入口端口64与主腔体76流体连通。尤其是，第一组真空端口62a在抗剪腹板50的纵向方向L(参见图1)上与粘合剂入口端口64分隔开。随后，将更详细地描述该布置的效果。
如在图3中最清楚示出的，真空端口62a、62b和粘合剂入口端口64从下安装凸缘56的内表面58向上伸出，以便能触及。参照图6的平面图，各种端口62a、62b、64围绕腹板52分布，腹板52也从下安装凸缘56向上伸出。
现在，具体参照图7，图7是沿着图4中的线A-A截取的通过抗剪腹板50的部分截面，多个分隔件80也安装于下安装凸缘56的外表面60。分隔件80位于由主密封件66限界的主区域70内部，即，当抗剪腹板50抵着表面74时在主腔体76内部。分隔件80由诸如木材的基本不能压缩材料制成。
在制造风轮机叶片期间，抗剪腹板50结合到叶片壳体的内表面74，现在将描述它。
参照图9，第一组真空管路82(在图9中示出其中的一个)分别与第一组真空端口62a连接，并且第二组真空管路84(在图9中示出其中的一个)与第二组真空端口62b连接。第一组真空管路82与第一真空泵86连接，并且第二组真空管路84与第二真空泵88连接。第一真空泵86包括第一压力计90，并且第二真空泵88包括第二压力计92。多个粘合剂入口软管94的一端均与相应的粘合剂入口端口64连接并且另一端与粘合剂源96连接。在粘合剂管路94中设置用于控制粘合剂流动的一个或更多个粘合剂入口阀98。如有需要，还可在粘合剂入口管路94中设置一个或更多个粘合剂泵。例如，真空泵86、88和粘合剂源96适宜地远离抗剪腹板50设置在加工室中。
再次参照图7，抗剪腹板50初始地抵着叶片壳体75的内表面74定位并且被布置成使得腹板52位于限定在叶片壳体75上的预定结合区域100(即，其中将要创建抗剪腹板50和叶片壳体75之间的结合线的区域)上方。当抵着叶片壳体75的内表面74定位时，抗剪腹板50被主密封件66和辅助密封件68支撑于表面74。在这个位置，密封件66、68在抗剪腹板50的重量下被略微压缩。尤其是，选择分隔件块80的厚度，使得当密封件66、68在抗剪腹板50的重量下被压缩时，分隔件80和壳体75的表面74之间存在间隙102。
现在，另外参照图8，在抗剪腹板50就位而抵着叶片壳体75的表面74时，打开真空泵86、88。第一真空泵86通过第一组真空管路82从主腔体76中抽出空气，并且第二真空泵88通过第二组真空管路84从外围腔体78中抽出空气。去除主腔体76和外围腔体78中的空气会在腔体76、78中的每个腔体内形成有效真空。在相应腔体76、78内会形成真空造成下安装凸缘56被拉动，更靠近叶片壳体75的内表面74，从而对主密封件66和辅助密封件68进一步压缩并造成它们紧贴表面74密封。
下安装凸缘56被拉向表面74，直到分隔件块80接触壳体75的表面74。因为分隔件80不可压缩，所以防止下安装凸缘56被拉动更靠近叶片壳体75的内表面74。分隔件80由此确保主腔体76保持敞开，即，当在相应的腔体76、78中创建了真空时，保持下安装凸缘56和叶片壳体75的内表面74之间的间隙。
当主腔体76和外围腔体78被独立于彼此密封并且与独立真空系统连接时，分别在主腔体76和外围腔体78中创建两个不同的真空区。真空泵86、88被构造成保持外围腔体78中的真空比主腔体76中的略强，或者换句话讲，保持外围腔体78中比主腔体76中的压力略低。在这个示例中，在外围腔体78中保持大约1巴的真空压力，并且在主腔体76中保持略高的压力。因此，外围腔体78中的真空将抗剪腹板50的下安装凸缘56拉到比主腔体76更高的高度，并且用作围绕主腔体76的夹持件。
一旦已经在相应的腔体76、78中创建了真空，就允许粘合剂经由粘合剂入口端口64进入主腔体76中。如之前提到的，粘合剂入口端口64在抗剪腹板50的纵向方向L上与第一组真空端口62a分隔开。因此，粘合剂在主腔体76内部在纵向方向L上从粘合剂入口端口64向着第一组真空出口端口62a流动或“灌注”。随着粘合剂在真空下被抽入主腔体76中，注入回压被最小化并且用粘合剂填充主腔体76。
使用与真空泵86、88关联的真空计90、92，在整个粘合剂灌注过程中监测主腔体76和外围腔体78中的真空压力。一旦主腔体76充满粘合剂，主腔体76内部的压力将突然改变(即，真空计90将突然记录例如大约-200巴的非常高的负压)。压力的这种突然改变指示主腔体76充满粘合剂，即，粘合剂注入过程完成。在这个阶段，通过关闭粘合剂入口阀98，停止供应粘合剂，以防止粘合剂进一步进入主腔体76。
然后，任凭粘合剂固化，即，变硬，这样导致下安装凸缘56与叶片壳体75的内表面74形成强结合。
当外围腔体78拉到比主腔体76更高的高度时，外围腔体78有利地对抗粘合剂入口端口64处并且在结合区上方的所注入粘合剂的压力，因此防止所注入的粘合剂将两个表面60、74推开并且使主密封件66断裂。换句话讲，被抽真空的外围腔体78用于防止在主密封件66处出现泄漏。在主密封件66出现泄漏的不太可能的事件中，粘合剂将流入外围腔体78中。这样将造成外围腔体78中的压力突然改变，与外围腔体78关联的真空泵88的压力计92可检测到该突然改变。如果检测到泄漏，则可能有必要延缓灌注过程，直到泄漏得以修复。
外围腔体78中的较强真空的其它优点在于，因为在主腔体76内出现了结合线，所以过程中的任何空气进入将远离结合线从系统中去除。
因为在主腔体76内包含粘合剂，所以消除了由挤出而造成的粘合剂浪费。这样减少了结合线中需要的整体粘合剂量，因此减少了完工叶片的整体重量和粘合剂的材料成本。抗剪腹板50和叶片壳体75之间的所得结合线的尺寸被有利地明确限定，即，它们由主腔体76的尺寸限定。主腔体76的尺寸由主密封件66和分隔件80的高度所限界的区域70的形状来预定。因此，本发明提供了用于创建一致地明确限定的结合线的可重复过程。
因为可由远程定位的真空计90、92来控制和监测过程，所以可远离叶片地控制和监测整个结合过程。这是特别有利的，并且有助于进行单阶段结合过程，即，在每条结合线处使用同时灌注而将抗剪腹板50同时结合到迎风半壳体和背风半壳体二者。用本发明的结合方法能够进行此过程，因为不需要在结合过程期间直接触及结合线。
可在不脱离所附权利要求书中限定的本发明的范围内，对以上示例进行许多修改。
例如，虽然以上示例与抗剪腹板50的下安装凸缘56和叶片壳体之间的结合的创建相关，但可另选地或另外地在上安装凸缘54和叶片壳体之间创建结合。如以上提到的，可沿着上安装凸缘54和下安装凸缘56同时使用该过程，以将抗剪腹板50同时结合到迎风壳体和背风壳体二者。该方法因此将涉及在将抗剪腹板50结合到相应的叶片壳体之前闭合模具。因此，该方法使其本身适合于单阶段结合过程。
虽然在以上示例中描述了具有I形横截面的抗剪腹板50，但在其它示例中，抗剪腹板50可具有不同形状。例如，抗剪腹板50的横截面可以是大体C形或者腹板52的每端可具有L形凸缘。安装凸缘54、56不需要与腹板52垂直，并且在其它示例中，安装凸缘54、56可布置成与腹板52形成其它横向角度，例如，大于或小于90度。安装凸缘54、56相对于腹板52的角度将取决于抗剪腹板50将要被固定到的叶片壳体的局部轮廓，即叶片壳体的翼弦方向。
虽然在以上示例中粘合剂入口端口64和真空端口62a被布置成在主腔体76中形成粘合剂的纵向(即翼展)流，但端口62a、64可另选地被布置成形成例如翼弦流。在这种情况下，树脂入口端口64可在主腔体76的横向方向上与真空端口62a分隔开。
虽然在以上示例中各端口62a、62b、64设置在抗剪腹板50的安装凸缘56中，但端口62a、62b、64可另选地设置在其它合适位置中。例如，端口62a、62b、64可设置在密封件66、68中，或者设置在叶片壳体或与抗剪腹板50结合的其它这种表面中。
虽然以上示例与抗剪腹板50和风轮机叶片壳体75之间的结合的创建相关，但可利用本发明的各种特征(例如，双密封布置)进行其它结合(诸如，风轮机叶片的相应半壳体之间的结合)。
为免存疑，之前描述中使用的诸如“上”和“下”的相对术语是出于方便起见使用的，是指如图中所示的特征的取向。这些术语不旨在限制本发明的范围。

Claims (25)

1.一种将抗剪腹板结合到风轮机叶片壳体的方法，所述抗剪腹板包括腹板和横向于所述腹板取向的安装凸缘，并且该方法包括：
a.将所述抗剪腹板相对于所述叶片壳体定位，使得所述安装凸缘与所述叶片壳体的内表面成相互对置的关系；
b.在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间设置主密封件，所述主密封件限定所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间的密闭的主腔体；
c.去除所述主腔体中的空气，以在所述主腔体中形成真空；
d.允许粘合剂进入所述主腔体中；以及
e.固化所述粘合剂，
该方法还包括：
在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间设置辅助密封件，所述辅助密封件至少部分地包围所述主密封件并且与所述主密封件分隔开，以限定所述主密封件和所述辅助密封件之间的外围腔体，所述外围腔体至少部分地包围所述主腔体；以及去除所述外围腔体中的空气，以在所述外围腔体中形成真空。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法还包括：
在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间的所述主腔体中设置一个或更多个分隔件元件，所述分隔件元件被构造成当在所述主腔体中形成真空时保持所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面成分隔开的关系。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，该方法还包括：监测所述主腔体中的压力，并且通过监测到的所述压力的突然改变来确定所述主腔体何时充满粘合剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法还包括：允许粘合剂经由与所述主腔体流体连通地布置的一个或更多个粘合剂端口进入所述主腔体中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述粘合剂入口端口设置在所述抗剪腹板的所述安装凸缘中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法还包括：通过与所述主腔体流体连通地设置的一个或更多个真空端口来去除所述主腔体中的空气。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述真空端口设置在所述抗剪腹板的所述安装凸缘中。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法还包括：通过与所述外围腔体流体连通地设置的一个或更多个真空端口来去除所述外围腔体中的空气。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述真空端口设置在所述抗剪腹板的所述安装凸缘中。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法包括：将所述外围腔体中的压力降低至比所述主腔体更低的水平，以在所述外围腔体中形成比所述主腔体中更强的真空。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法还包括：监测所述外围腔体中的压力，并且通过监测到的所述压力的突然改变来检测所述主密封件中的泄漏的存在。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法包括：一旦已经在所述主腔体和所述外围腔体二者中形成了真空，就允许粘合剂进入所述主腔体中。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法还包括：致使所述粘合剂在所述主腔体内沿纵向方向流动。
14.一种制成风轮机叶片的方法，所述方法包括根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法将抗剪腹板结合到风轮机叶片壳体的内表面。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述叶片壳体是所述风轮机叶片的第一半壳体，并且所述方法还包括将第二半壳体结合到所述第一半壳体。
16.一种根据权利要求14或15所述的方法制成的风轮机叶片。
17.一种风轮机叶片，该风轮机叶片包括叶片壳体和位于所述叶片壳体内部的抗剪腹板，其中，所述抗剪腹板包括腹板和横向于所述腹板取向的安装凸缘，所述安装凸缘通过在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的内表面之间由主密封件限界的粘合剂填充腔体内的固化的粘合剂而结合到所述叶片壳体的所述内表面，所述风轮机叶片还包括在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间的辅助密封件，所述辅助密封件至少部分地包围所述主密封件并且与所述主密封件分隔开，以限定所述主密封件和所述辅助密封件之间的外围腔体。
18.根据权利要求17所述的风轮机叶片，所述风轮机叶片还包括在所述安装凸缘和所述叶片壳体的所述内表面之间的所述粘合剂填充腔体内的一个或更多个分隔件元件。
19.根据权利要求18所述的风轮机叶片，其中，所述分隔件元件由不可压缩的材料制成。
20.根据权利要求17至19中的任一项所述的风轮机叶片，其中，所述抗剪腹板的所述安装凸缘包括一个或更多个粘合剂入口端口和/或一个或更多个真空端口。
21.根据权利要求17所述的风轮机叶片，其中，所述外围腔体没有粘合剂。
22.根据权利要求17至19中的任一项所述的风轮机叶片，其中，所述抗剪腹板包括分别沿着所述抗剪腹板的对置纵向边缘延伸的一对安装凸缘，并且其中，所述安装凸缘中的一个在所述叶片壳体的迎风侧被结合到所述叶片壳体的所述内表面，并且另一个安装凸缘在所述叶片壳体的背风侧被结合到所述叶片壳体的所述内表面。
23.一种风轮机，所述风轮机具有根据权利要求16至22中的任一项所述的风轮机叶片。
24.一种用于根据权利要求17至22中的任一项所述的风轮机叶片或者用于在根据权利要求1至15中的任一项所述的方法中使用的抗剪腹板，所述抗剪腹板包括腹板和横向于所述腹板取向的安装凸缘，其中，一个或更多个密封件与所述安装凸缘结合在一起。
25.根据权利要求24所述的抗剪腹板，其中，所述安装凸缘还包括一个或更多个粘合剂端口和/或一个或更多个真空端口。
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