CN106701178B - 一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法 - Google Patents
一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106701178B CN106701178B CN201510780255.9A CN201510780255A CN106701178B CN 106701178 B CN106701178 B CN 106701178B CN 201510780255 A CN201510780255 A CN 201510780255A CN 106701178 B CN106701178 B CN 106701178B
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- 229940108066 Coal Tar Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon bisulphide Chemical compound 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S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound 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CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001351 cycling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
- C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/24—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles
- C10G47/26—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
Abstract
本发明公开了一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法，煤焦油经过预处理与催化剂、助催化剂混合成均匀的原料油浆进入悬浮床反应器，反应产物进入的热高压分离器、温高压分离器、冷高压分离器和冷低压分离器将反应器产物分离，分离出的氢气循环，分离出液体和催化剂进入常减压蒸馏出产品和催化剂，催化剂循环使用，该方法反应器内物料返混程度低、原料适应性广、操作灵活。
Description
一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种煤化工领域的高转化率全馏分煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化处理工艺， 特别是涉及一种以高、中、低温煤焦油全馏分，尤其是高温煤焦油为原料生产石脑油及柴油 馏分的全馏分煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法及装置。
背景技术
[0002] 煤焦油是煤在干馏和气化过程中副产的液体产品，根据干馏温度和方法的不同可 得到以下几种焦油:450〜650°C低温干馏焦油、600〜800°C低温和中温发生炉焦油、900〜 1000°C中温立式炉焦油和1000°C高温炼焦焦油。煤焦油化工在化学工业中占有重要地位， 目前国内年产量约1700万吨，如何有效利用煤焦油资源成为炼焦产业迫切需要解决的问 题，而采用合适加氢裂化技术将重质煤焦油转化为轻质液体燃料是利用煤焦油资源的重要 手段。
[0003] 煤焦油是具有刺激性气味的黑褐色粘稠液体，主要由芳香族化合物组成，而且大 多是两个环以上的稠环芳香族化合物，烷烃、烯烃和环烷烃化合物很少。蒸馏残渣沥青的含 量很高，一般在50 %以上。与石油重馏分相比，高温煤焦油具有杂原子含量高、灰分高、多环 芳烃含量高、胶质沥青质含量高等特点，这使得采用常规固定床反应工艺流程处理煤焦油 原料时普遍存在催化剂床层结焦、催化剂使用寿命短、装置停工次数多的问题，严重影响煤 焦油生产的经济效益。
[0004] CN101962571A中提到了一种煤焦油重馏分悬浮床加氢裂化方法及系统，是将煤焦 油重馏分与催化剂和助催化剂混合后进入悬浮床加氢反应器进行加氢裂化反应，反应产物 送入高压分离器进行气液分离，分离得到的液相产品送入分馏塔进行产品分离，大于350°C 的尾油部分循环返回反应器，部分送出装置。该发明专利能够实现产品液体收率72.6,提高 了原料和催化剂的利用效率。
[0005] 但是在该专利中，催化剂需要单独设置硫化器进行硫化，增加了设备投资及高压 栗的汽蚀风险。高压分离器塔底油直接进入分馏塔将导致油中溶解大量氢气加大分馏塔负 荷及分离难度，并存在极大的串压风险。分馏塔底油中含有大量350-500 °C的蜡油馏分，这 部分蜡油作为催化剂残渣送出装置将降低装置产品收率。
[0006] CN102977916A中提到了一种煤焦油催化加氢方法及装置。包括将煤焦油原料进行 常压蒸馏后得到酚油馏分、柴油馏分、重油馏分，对重油馏分进行悬浮床加氢裂化，对得到 的裂化产物进行分离得到各馏分产品。该发明专利对裂化产物在进行蒸馏分离前进行催化 剂的分离脱除，使外甩的固体催化剂中携带更少的重油，提高了原料利用率。
[0007] 但是在该专利中，使用固液分离器对反应产物进行过滤分离或者离心分离，在实 际生产中很难实现对于小粒径尺寸的催化剂与高温重质油品的有效连续分离，从而可能导 致大部分失活的催化剂颗粒在装置内循环，并导致设备、阀门磨损加快，且容易加剧高温油 品的结焦倾向。同时，当装置进料量变化时，反应器内流速降低，极易发生物料间的返混，影 响反应转化率。
发明内容
[0008] 本发明提供了一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法，克服现有技术缺陷，提高转化率、 操作周期长等特点。
[0009] 一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法：
[0010] 1)煤焦油经过预处理与催化剂、助催化剂混合成均匀的原料油浆，经栗升压后与 氢气混合，经加热炉升温进入悬浮床反应器，在反应温度为380〜500°C，操作压力为10〜 25MPa进行加氢裂化反应，反应产物进入步骤2);
[0011] 2)来自步骤1)反应产物进入的热高压分离器，分离出来的部分热高分油与原料油 浆混合进入悬浮床反应器，另一部分热高分油进入热低压分离器进一步分离，热低压分离 器分离出来的热低分气进入步骤4)，热低压分离器分离出来的热低分气油进入步骤5)，热 高压分离器分离出来的热高分气体进入步骤3);
[0012] 3)来自步骤2)热高分气体进入温高压分离器，分离出来的部分温高分油进入热低 压分离器，分离出来的温高分气体进入冷高压分离器，冷高压分离器分离出来的冷高分气 体作为循环氢，冷高压分离器分离出来的冷高分油进入步骤4);
[0013] 4)来自步骤3)冷高分油与热低压分离器分离出来的一起进入冷低压分离器进行 分离，分离出的冷低分气进一步回收氢气，分离出的冷低分油进入步骤5);
[0014] 5)来自步骤2)的热低分气油与冷低分油一起进入常减压分离装置，分离出各种产 品和催化剂，常压塔底部分重油和减压塔底的全部重油返回悬浮床反应器入口，催化剂进 行回收。
[0015] 所述的悬浮床反应器为至少一个，两个或者两个以上为串联连接。
[0016] 所述的循环到悬浮床反应器的热高分油与煤焦油原料的重量百分比为20%〜 200% 〇
[0017] 所述的悬浮床反应器内的氢分压在8〜24MPaG。
[0018] 所述的煤焦油为至少高、中、低温煤焦油全馏分中的一种或几种。
[0019] 所述的助催化剂为液硫、二硫化碳、二甲基二硫化物的其中一种。
[0020] 所述的常压塔底重油循环与煤焦油原料的重量百分比为30%〜100%。
[0021] 所述的催化剂为过渡金属有机螯合物，其中金属含量为1〜40重量％，优选为5〜 20重量％，过渡金属为？6、0)、附、¥、111〇>1〇、¥等金属元素。
[0022] —种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化装置，由悬浮床反应器、热高压分离器、温高压分离 器、冷高压分离器、热低压分离器、冷低压分离器、循环油栗、循环氢压缩机和常减压塔组 成，其特征在于:悬浮床反应器与热高压分离器连通，热高压分离器分别与温高压分离器和 热低压分离器连通，热高压分离器还与环油栗连通，温高压分离器分别与冷高压分离器和 热低压分离器连通，热低压分离器分别与冷低压分离器和常减压塔连通，冷高压分离器分 别与冷低压分离器和循环氢压缩机连通。
[0023] 所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化装置，其特征在于:悬浮床反应器底部设有分 布盘或者管状分布器。
[0024] 所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化装置，其特征在于:悬浮床反应器至少为一个 反应器，两个或者两个以上悬浮床反应器时，串联连接。
[0025] 所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化装置，其特征在于:悬浮床反应器还与加热炉 出口连通。
[0026] 所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化装置，其特征在于:常压塔底部与加热炉入口 连通。
[0027] 所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化装置，其特征在于:减压塔下部与加热炉入口 连通。
[0028] 本发明工艺方法的优点主要包括有：
[0029] 1)悬浮床反应器结构简单，不存在反应器床层堵塞引起压降过大从而导致装置停 工的风险，确保了装置的长周期运行；
[0030] 2)设置了热高分油循环系统，有效控制悬浮床反应器内的轴向流速，保证了悬浮 床反应器内为平推流反应，有效减小反应器内的物料返混，提高一次通过的反应转化率；
[0031] 3)采用了热高分+温高分+热低分的反应流出物分离流程，不设置常压塔进料加热 炉仍能保证常压塔进料的温度要求，同时可以避免设备内部的结焦，保证装置的长周期运 行；
[0032] 4)利用热高分气预热反应进料、循环热高分油与反应进料加热炉出口进料的直接 混合加热，取消了含有固体催化剂颗粒的易结焦反应产物与原料油的换热，避免了高压换 热器内的结焦与堵塞风险，同时由于热高分油循环的存在，反应进料加热炉出口温度可以 适当降低，减少了重质原料在炉管内发生结焦的风险；
[0033] 5)设置高低压分离器有效回收氢气，通过分离器内的高效分离部件保证了催化剂 随液相产品流出而不会进入压缩机系统影响其稳定运行；
[0034] 6)油品分离采用常减压双塔流程，得到产品馏分的同时，将>350°C的馏分进行切 害J，其中350 °C-500 °C蜡油馏分全部或部分循环返回悬浮床反应器，>500°C渣油馏分部分循 环回悬浮床反应器。此物料循环工艺可以进一步提高原料利用率，增大产品收率，同时降低 反应苛刻度，通过调整渣油循环量适应不同煤焦油原料的生产，增强了装置操作的灵活性。
[0035] 7)固体催化剂颗粒除部分随循环油在系统内循环外，其余随减压塔底渣油一起送 出装置外进行回收，避免出现连续操作过程中固液分离不佳导致催化剂在系统内不断累 积。
附图说明
[0036] 图1为一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化装置示意图。
[0037] 其中：
[0038] 1.原料预处理单元，2料油浆配置单元，3.进料栗，4.反应进料加热炉，5悬浮床反 应器，6.热高压分离器，7.温高压分离器，8.冷高压分离器，9.热低压分离器，10.冷低压分 离器，11.循环油栗，12.循环氢压缩机，13.常压塔，14.减压塔，15.煤焦油，16.催化剂，17. 助催化剂，18.原料油浆，19.混合进料，20.反应进料，21.反应产物，22.循环热高分油，23. 非循环热高分油，24.热高分气，25.温高分气，26.温高分油，27.冷高分气，28.循环氢，29. 新氢，30.冷高分油，31.热低分气，32.冷低分气，33.冷低分油，34.热低分油，35.轻经，36石 脑油馏分，37 .常压柴油馏分，38.常压塔底循环重油，39.减压塔进料，40.减压柴油馏分， 41.减压蜡油，42.催化剂残渣及减压渣油
具体实施方式
[0039] 下面以具体是实施例来说明本发明，但并不限制本发明的范围。
[0040] 实施例1
[0041] 煤焦油原料15在原料预处理单元1进行脱盐、脱水、脱机械杂质后与常压塔底循环 重油38、减压蜡油41、催化剂16、助催化剂17在原料油浆配置单元2中混合均匀成原料油浆， 原料油浆与混氢合并为混合进料与热高分气换热，进入反应进料加热炉4进行升温，在炉出 口与循环热高分油22混合后达到反应所需温度进入悬浮床反应器5进行加氢裂化反应，设 置一个悬浮床反应器，反应温度为380°C，操作压力为IOMPa，悬浮床反应器5的反应产物21 首先进入热高压分离器6内进行气、液固分离，热高分气24换热后进入温高压分离器7进一 步分离，固体催化剂随热高分油一起从热高压分离器底部流出，部分高分油22通过循环油 栗11升压循环返回反应器入口，循环量与煤焦油原料的重量百分比为20%，其他热高分油 油23与温高分油26—起进入热低压分离器9,通过温高分油的换热终温来控制热低压分离 器的温度，保证进入常压塔油品的过气化率，温高分气25冷却到50°C后进入冷高压分离器 8,分离得到的冷高分气27经循环氢压缩机12升压，作为循环氢28与补充的新鲜氢气29—起 返回反应器，维持反应器内的氢分压在8MPaG，冷高分油30与热低分气31 —起进入冷低压分 离器10,进一步回收高分油品中溶解的氢气，冷低分油33与热低分油一起进入常压塔进行 馏分切割成石脑油馏分36从塔顶采出，切割终馏点定为170°C，常压柴油馏分37从侧线采 出，切割终馏点定为350°C，塔底为>350°C的常压重油和所有固体催化剂，部分常压塔底循 环重油38循环回原料油浆配置单元，循环量对煤焦油原料的重量百分比30%，其余作为减 压塔进料39进入减压蒸馏塔进行深拔，在第一个侧线得到溶解在重油里的减压柴油馏分 40,终馏点为350°C，与常压塔采出的柴油馏分一起作为产品，在第二个侧线得到350°C〜 500 °C的减压蜡油41，全部或者部分循环回悬浮床反应器入口，塔底为>500 °C的催化剂残渣 及减压渣油42,此部分油品可进行沉降分离或残渣成型，但不循环回反应器。
[0042] 实施例2
[0043] 以表1全馏分高温煤焦油为悬浮床加氢裂化的原料，反应条件为455°C，19MPaG，氢 油比为1350,空速为0.5h S尚分油循环量重量百分比为50%，常压重油循环量重量百分比 为60%，减压蜡油全部循环，减压渣油与催化剂残渣不参与循环。所得到的产物分布及收率 见表2。
[0044] 表1全馏分高温煤焦油性质
[0046]
[0047] 表2某全馏分高温煤焦油性质
[0048]
[0049] 实施例3
[0050] 煤焦油原料15在原料预处理单元1进行脱盐、脱水、脱机械杂质后与常压塔底循环 重油38、减压蜡油41、催化剂16、助催化剂17在原料油浆配置单元2中混合均匀成原料油浆， 原料油浆与混氢合并为混合进料与热高分气换热，进入反应进料加热炉4进行升温，在炉出 口与循环热高分油22混合后达到反应所需温度进入悬浮床反应器5进行加氢裂化反应，设 置一个悬浮床反应器，反应温度为500°C，操作压力为25MPa，悬浮床反应器5的反应产物21 首先进入热高压分离器6内进行气、液固分离，热高分气24换热后进入温高压分离器7进一 步分离，固体催化剂随热高分油一起从热高压分离器底部流出，部分高分油22通过循环油 栗11升压循环返回反应器入口，循环量与煤焦油原料的重量百分比为40%，其他热高分油 油23与温高分油26—起进入热低压分离器9,通过温高分油的换热终温来控制热低压分离 器的温度，保证进入常压塔油品的过气化率，温高分气25冷却到50°C后进入冷高压分离器 8,分离得到的冷高分气27经循环氢压缩机12升压，作为循环氢28与补充的新鲜氢气29—起 返回反应器，维持反应器内的氢分压在20MPaG，冷高分油30与热低分气31 —起进入冷低压 分离器10,进一步回收高分油品中溶解的氢气，冷低分油33与热低分油一起进入常压塔进 行馏分切割成石脑油馏分36从塔顶采出，切割终馏点定为170°C，常压柴油馏分37从侧线采 出，切割终馏点定为350°C，塔底为>350°C的常压重油和所有固体催化剂，部分常压塔底循 环重油38循环回原料油浆配置单元，循环量对煤焦油原料的重量百分比30%，其余作为减 压塔进料39进入减压蒸馏塔进行深拔，在第一个侧线得到溶解在重油里的减压柴油馏分 40,终馏点为350°C，与常压塔采出的柴油馏分一起作为产品，在第二个侧线得到350°C〜 500 °C的减压蜡油41，全部或者部分循环回悬浮床反应器入口，塔底为>500 °C的催化剂残渣 及减压渣油42,此部分油品可进行沉降分离或残渣成型，但不循环回反应器。
[0051] 实施例4
[0052] 一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化装置，由悬浮床反应器、热高压分离器、温高压分离 器、冷高压分离器、热低压分离器、冷低压分离器、循环油栗、循环氢压缩机和常减压塔组 成，悬浮床反应器与热高压分离器连通，热高压分离器分别与温高压分离器和热低压分离 器连通，热高压分离器还与环油栗连通，温高压分离器分别与冷高压分离器和热低压分离 器连通，热低压分离器分别与冷低压分离器和常减压塔连通，冷高压分离器分别与冷低压 分离器和循环氢压缩机连通，悬浮床反应器底部设有分布盘或者管状分布器，一个反应器， 浮床反应器还与加热炉出口连通，常减压塔底部与加热炉入口连通。
[0053] 实施例5
[0054] —种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化装置，由悬浮床反应器、热高压分离器、温高压分离 器、冷高压分离器、热低压分离器、冷低压分离器、循环油栗、循环氢压缩机和常减压塔组 成，悬浮床反应器与热高压分离器连通，热高压分离器分别与温高压分离器和热低压分离 器连通，热高压分离器还与环油栗连通，温高压分离器分别与冷高压分离器和热低压分离 器连通，热低压分离器分别与冷低压分离器和常减压塔连通，冷高压分离器分别与冷低压 分离器和循环氢压缩机连通，悬浮床反应器底部设有分布盘或者管状分布器，两个浮床反 应器串联连接，浮床反应器还与加热炉出口连通，常减压塔底部与加热炉入口连通。
Claims (9)
1. 一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法： 1) 煤焦油经过预处理与催化剂、助催化剂混合成均匀的原料油浆，经栗升压后与氢气 混合，经加热炉升温进入悬浮床反应器，在反应温度为380〜500 °C，操作压力为10〜25MPa 进行加氢裂化反应，反应产物进入步骤2)，其中所述的催化剂为过渡金属有机螯合物，所述 的助催化剂为液硫、二硫化碳、二甲基二硫化物的其中一种； 2) 来自步骤1)反应产物进入的热高压分离器，分离出来的部分热高分油与原料油浆混 合进入悬浮床反应器，另一部分热高分油进入热低压分离器进一步分离，热低压分离器分 离出来的热低分气进入步骤4)，热低压分离器分离出来的热低分油进入步骤5)，热高压分 离器分离出来的热高分气体进入步骤3); 3) 来自步骤2)热高分气体进入温高压分离器，分离出来的部分温高分油进入热低压分 离器，分离出来的温高分气体进入冷高压分离器，冷高压分离器分离出来的冷高分气体作 为循环氢，冷高压分离器分离出来的冷高分油进入步骤4); 4) 来自步骤3)冷高分油与热低压分离器分离出来的热低分气一起进入冷低压分离器 进行分离，分离出的冷低分气进一步回收氢气，分离出的冷低分油进入步骤5); 5) 来自步骤2)的热低分油与冷低分油一起进入常减压分离装置，分离出各种产品和催 化剂，常压塔底部分重油和减压塔底的全部重油返回悬浮床反应器入口，催化剂进行回收。
2. 依照权利要求1所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法，其特征在于:所述的悬浮床 反应器为至少一个，两个或者两个以上为串联连接。
3. 依照权利要求1所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法，其特征在于:所述的循环到 悬浮床反应器的热高分油与煤焦油原料的重量百分比为20%〜200%。
4. 依照权利要求1所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法，其特征在于:所述的悬浮床 反应器内的氢分压在8〜24MPaG。
5. 依照权利要求1所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法，其特征在于:所述的煤焦油 为至少高、中、低温煤焦油全馏分中的一种或几种。
6. 依照权利要求1所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法，其特征在于:所述的常压塔 底重油循环与煤焦油原料的重量百分比为30%〜100%。
7. 依照权利要求1所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法，其特征在于:所述的催化剂 为过渡金属有机螯合物，其中金属含量为1〜40重量％。
8. 依照权利要求1所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法，其特征在于:所述的催化剂 为过渡金属有机螯合物，其中金属含量为5〜20重量％。
9. 依照权利要求7所述的一种煤焦油悬浮床加氢裂化方法，其特征在于:所述的催化剂 过渡金属为Fe、Co、Ni、V、Mn、Cr、Mo、W金属元素。
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