CN106694530B - Multistage remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
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- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multistage remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) the heavy metal absorption is carried out by using a phytoremediation technology, and the specific operation is as follows: firstly loosening soil and turning over soil, digging deep pits at intervals of 1 meter, wherein the pits are 10-15cm deep, selecting plants with strong heavy metal enrichment capacity, planting the plants into the deep pits, watering and irrigating, paying attention to pest and disease damage prevention and control in the growth period of the seedlings, removing weeds regularly, starting to apply a chelating agent to the soil after the growth of the plants enters a stable seedling period, irrigating the chelating agent once every 30-50 days, harvesting the plants after the plants grow mature, continuously planting for 2 years, and completing primary restoration; (2) passivating the residual heavy metals in the soil, wherein the treatment method comprises the step of applying a passivator to carry out secondary restoration, and the soil subjected to secondary restoration can be directly used for agriculture; the passivator mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: biochar, organic fertilizer, animal bone meal, modified straw and quicklime.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a multistage remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil.
Background
As a big agricultural country, China occupies about 9572 million hectares of agricultural land, occupies 7.7 percent of the total area of cultivated land in the world, along with the development of modern agricultural technology, China gets rid of the mode of agricultural production by eating everyday, and the emerging mode of agricultural production brought by the progress of science and technology brings great breakthrough to the economic development of China, but the problems of soil environment caused by the progress of the technology are increasingly serious, including the blind use of chemical fertilizers and the indirect effect of industrial development pollutants, so that the soil environment is subjected to severe tests. The problem of heavy metal pollution of soil is a global environmental problem, and the soil is good in concealment and long in periodicity, thereby forming a huge threat to an environmental ecosystem, not only reducing the yield and quality of crops, but also influencing the health of human beings through food conduction. According to statistics, the soil polluted by heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Au, Se, Pb and the like in China has an area of more than two thousand hectares, and the food pollution caused each year seriously influences the life safety of people and the economic development of China.
In recent years, China pays more and more attention to the treatment of polluted soil, the current treatment method mainly removes heavy metals from soil and changes the valence and the form of the heavy metals in the soil so as to reduce the mobility and the biological effectiveness of the heavy metals, and the treatment method comprises a chemical remediation method, a biological remediation method, a phytoremediation method and the like, which have certain remediation effects but also bring additional problems, the chemical remediation method is easy to bring secondary pollution, and the simple biological remediation method and the phytoremediation method have low remediation efficiency, and particularly for the moderately and severely polluted soil, so that a remediation technical method which can be effective, has small secondary pollution and high removal rate is needed to realize the remediation of the heavy metal pollution of the soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multistage remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a multi-stage remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) the heavy metal absorption is carried out by using a phytoremediation technology, and the specific operation is as follows: firstly loosening soil and turning over soil, digging deep pits at intervals of 1 meter, wherein the pits are 10-15cm deep, selecting plants with strong heavy metal enrichment capacity, planting the plants into the deep pits, watering and irrigating, paying attention to pest and disease damage prevention and control in the growth period of the seedlings, removing weeds regularly, starting to apply a chelating agent to the soil after the growth of the plants enters a stable seedling period, irrigating the chelating agent once every 30-50 days, harvesting the plants after the plants grow mature, continuously planting for 2 years, and completing primary restoration;
(2) passivating the residual heavy metals in the soil, wherein the treatment method comprises the step of applying a passivator to carry out secondary restoration, and the soil subjected to secondary restoration can be directly used for agriculture; the passivator mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of biochar, 28-46 parts of organic fertilizer, 25-43 parts of animal bone meal, 22-40 parts of modified straw and 12-27 parts of quicklime.
Further, the preparation method of the passivating agent in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
a. carrying out impurity removal treatment on harmful substances of the organic fertilizer: collecting fresh animal waste, diluting with four times of water, reflux-extracting with 8-10 times of 70% acetone for 1 hr, filtering with filter membrane, and discarding filtrate to obtain residue;
b. crushing animal bones, boiling for 5 hours, drying at high temperature, grinding into powder by using a ball mill, and sieving with a sieve of 160-mesh and 200-mesh for later use;
c. the modified straws are corn straws, peanut straws and cotton straws, and the modified straws are prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: mixing and drying at a ratio of 1.5:2, crushing into slag, soaking the slag in five times of ammonia water with a mass concentration of 21% for 10 hours, irradiating the slag by using microwave with power of 550W for the last 6 minutes, then eluting the slag by using deionized water until the pH value is 7-7.5, and drying to obtain modified straws for later use;
d. mixing the biochar, the organic fertilizer, the animal bone meal, the modified straw and the quicklime according to the proportion, adding 15% of water, and performing wet composting in a composting tank for 30-40h to obtain the passivator for passivating the heavy metals in the soil.
Further, the organic fertilizer is cow dung, chicken dung, sheep dung and pig dung from an animal farm, and can be mixed and used in any proportion, fresh animal dung contains harmful substances causing secondary pollution to soil, so that the manure needs to be subjected to impurity removal treatment before use, and the treatment method is shown as a in the step (1).
Further, the plants planted in the phytoremediation technology are Indian mustard and Arabidopsis thaliana. The method has high enrichment capacity on heavy metals, and is mainly used for restoring heavy metal soil of Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Au, Se and Pb.
Further, the chelating agent is a mixture of S, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, citric acid and EDTA, and the use mass ratio is as follows: 7:3:1, when the chelating agent is added, citric acid is added firstly, the influence on the pH value of the soil is small, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid is added in proportion after 3 hours, the advantages of fast degradation and no secondary pollution are achieved, EDTA is added after 4 hours, the activation capability is strong, and the secondary pollution of the soil can be reduced by controlling the using amount.
Further, the concentration of the chelating agent is 15-20mmol/kg, the pH is adjusted to be 4-6, and the optimal absorption of heavy metals can be realized in the range.
Further, the passivator is mainly used for passivating and repairing the soil containing heavy metals of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn.
Furthermore, the Indian mustard is transgenic Indian mustard, metallothionein polypeptide in animals is transferred into Indian mustard through a transgenic technology, and the metal absorption capacity of the Indian mustard can be improved.
Furthermore, the Indian mustard and the arabidopsis thaliana are alternately planted for one round, the Indian mustard is planted firstly, and the arabidopsis thaliana is planted after the Indian mustard is harvested, so that various heavy metals in soil can be absorbed, and the soil pollution treatment effect is better.
Further, the multistage remediation method mainly aims at the soil polluted by medium and heavy metals.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a multistage restoration method to restore heavy metal contaminated soil, is mainly suitable for medium and heavy contaminated soil, firstly uses a plant restoration technology to absorb heavy metals, plants with strong heavy metal enrichment capacity are planted and then matched with a chelating agent to be used, so that the heavy metals in the soil can be effectively absorbed, and then passivates the contaminated soil with a passivating agent.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a multi-stage remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) the heavy metal absorption is carried out by using a phytoremediation technology, and the specific operation is as follows: firstly loosening soil and turning over soil, digging deep pits at intervals of 1 meter, wherein the pits are 10cm deep, selecting plants with strong heavy metal enrichment capacity, planting the plants into the deep pits, watering and irrigating, paying attention to pest and disease damage prevention during the growth period of the seedlings, removing weeds regularly, applying a chelating agent to the soil after the growth of the plants enters a stable seedling period, irrigating the chelating agent once every 30 days, harvesting the plants after the plants grow mature, continuously planting for 2 years, and completing primary restoration;
(2) passivating the residual heavy metals in the soil, wherein the treatment method comprises the step of applying a passivator to carry out secondary restoration, and the soil subjected to secondary restoration can be directly used for agriculture; the passivator mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of biochar, 28 parts of organic fertilizer, 25 parts of animal bone meal, 22 parts of modified straw and 12 parts of quick lime.
The preparation method of the passivator comprises the following steps:
a. carrying out impurity removal treatment on harmful substances of the organic fertilizer: collecting fresh animal waste, diluting with four times of water, reflux-extracting with 8 times of 70% acetone for 1 hr, filtering with filter membrane, and discarding filtrate to obtain residue;
b. pulverizing animal bones, boiling for 5h, drying at high temperature, grinding into powder with a ball mill, and sieving with a 160-mesh sieve;
c. the modified straw is prepared by taking corn straw, peanut straw and cotton straw, and mixing the corn straw, the peanut straw and the cotton straw in a ratio of 2: mixing and drying at a ratio of 1.5:2, crushing into slag, soaking the slag in five times of ammonia water with a mass concentration of 21% for 10 hours, irradiating the slag by using microwave with power of 550W for the last 6 minutes, then eluting the slag by using deionized water until the pH value is 7, and drying to obtain modified straws for later use;
d. mixing the biochar, the organic fertilizer, the animal bone meal, the modified straw and the quicklime according to the proportion, adding 15% of water, and performing wet composting in a composting tank for 30 hours to obtain the passivator for passivating the heavy metals in the soil.
The organic fertilizer is cow dung, chicken dung, sheep dung and pig dung from an animal farm, and can be mixed and used in any proportion, fresh animal dung contains harmful substances causing secondary pollution to soil, so that the dung needs to be subjected to impurity removal treatment before use, and the treatment method is shown in a in the step (1); the plants planted in the phytoremediation technology are Indian mustard and Arabidopsis thaliana. The method has high enrichment capacity on heavy metals, and is mainly used for restoring heavy metal soil of Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Au, Se and Pb; the chelating agent is a mixture of S, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, citric acid and EDTA, and the chelating agent is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 7:3:1, when the chelating agent is added, citric acid is added firstly, the influence on the pH value of the soil is small, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid is added in proportion after 3 hours, the advantages of fast degradation and no secondary pollution are achieved, EDTA is added after 4 hours, the activation capability is strong, and the secondary pollution of the soil can be reduced by controlling the using amount; the concentration of the chelating agent is 15mmol/kg, the pH is adjusted to be 4, and the optimal absorption of heavy metals can be realized in the range; the passivator is mainly used for passivating and repairing the soil containing heavy metals of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn; the Indian mustard is transgenic Indian mustard, metallothionein polypeptide in an animal body is transferred into the Indian mustard through a transgenic technology, and the metal absorption capacity of the Indian mustard can be improved; the Indian mustard and the arabidopsis thaliana are alternately planted for one round, the Indian mustard is planted firstly, and the arabidopsis thaliana is planted after the Indian mustard and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, so that various heavy metals in soil can be absorbed, and the soil pollution treatment effect is better; the multistage remediation method mainly aims at the soil polluted by medium and heavy metals.
Example 2:
a multi-stage remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) the heavy metal absorption is carried out by using a phytoremediation technology, and the specific operation is as follows: firstly loosening soil and turning over soil, digging deep pits at intervals of 1 meter, wherein the pits are 12.5cm deep, selecting plants with strong heavy metal enrichment capacity, planting the plants into the deep pits, watering and irrigating, paying attention to pest and disease damage prevention and control in the growth period of the seedlings, removing weeds regularly, beginning to apply a chelating agent to the soil after the growth of the plants enters a stable seedling period, irrigating the chelating agent once every 40 days, harvesting the plants after the plants grow mature, continuously planting for 2 years, and completing primary restoration;
(2) passivating the residual heavy metals in the soil, wherein the treatment method comprises the step of applying a passivator to carry out secondary restoration, and the soil subjected to secondary restoration can be directly used for agriculture; the passivator mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of biochar, 37 parts of organic fertilizer, 34 parts of animal bone meal, 31 parts of modified straw and 19.5 parts of quicklime.
The preparation method of the passivator comprises the following steps:
a. carrying out impurity removal treatment on harmful substances of the organic fertilizer: collecting fresh animal waste, diluting with four times of water, reflux-extracting with 9 times of 70% acetone for 1 hr, filtering with filter membrane, and discarding filtrate to obtain residue;
b. pulverizing animal bones, boiling for 5h, drying at high temperature, grinding into powder with a ball mill, and sieving with a 180-mesh sieve;
c. the modified straw is prepared by taking corn straw, peanut straw and cotton straw, and mixing the corn straw, the peanut straw and the cotton straw in a ratio of 2: mixing and drying at a ratio of 1.5:2, crushing into slag, soaking the slag in five times of ammonia water with a mass concentration of 21% for 10 hours, irradiating the slag by using microwave with power of 550W for the last 6 minutes, then eluting the slag by using deionized water until the pH value is 7.3, and drying to obtain modified straws for later use;
d. mixing the biochar, the organic fertilizer, the animal bone meal, the modified straw and the quicklime according to the proportion, adding 15% of water, and performing wet composting in a composting tank for 35 hours to obtain the passivator for passivating the heavy metals in the soil.
The organic fertilizer is cow dung, chicken dung, sheep dung and pig dung from an animal farm, and can be mixed and used in any proportion, fresh animal dung contains harmful substances causing secondary pollution to soil, so that the dung needs to be subjected to impurity removal treatment before use, and the treatment method is shown in a in the step (1); the plants planted in the phytoremediation technology are Indian mustard and Arabidopsis thaliana. The method has high enrichment capacity on heavy metals, and is mainly used for restoring heavy metal soil of Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Au, Se and Pb; the chelating agent is a mixture of S, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, citric acid and EDTA, and the chelating agent is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 7:3:1, when the chelating agent is added, citric acid is added firstly, the influence on the pH value of the soil is small, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid is added in proportion after 3 hours, the advantages of fast degradation and no secondary pollution are achieved, EDTA is added after 4 hours, the activation capability is strong, and the secondary pollution of the soil can be reduced by controlling the using amount; the concentration of the chelating agent is 17.5mmol/kg, the pH is adjusted to be 5, and the optimal absorption of heavy metals can be realized in the range; the passivator is mainly used for passivating and repairing the soil containing heavy metals of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn; the Indian mustard is transgenic Indian mustard, metallothionein polypeptide in an animal body is transferred into the Indian mustard through a transgenic technology, and the metal absorption capacity of the Indian mustard can be improved; the Indian mustard and the arabidopsis thaliana are alternately planted for one round, the Indian mustard is planted firstly, and the arabidopsis thaliana is planted after the Indian mustard and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, so that various heavy metals in soil can be absorbed, and the soil pollution treatment effect is better; the multistage remediation method mainly aims at the soil polluted by medium and heavy metals.
Example 3:
a multi-stage remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) the heavy metal absorption is carried out by using a phytoremediation technology, and the specific operation is as follows: firstly loosening soil and turning over soil, digging deep pits at intervals of 1 meter, wherein the depth of each pit is 15cm, selecting plants with strong heavy metal enrichment capacity, planting the plants into the deep pits, watering and irrigating, paying attention to pest and disease damage prevention and control in the growth period of the seedlings, removing weeds regularly, beginning to apply a chelating agent to the soil after the growth of the plants enters a stable seedling period, irrigating the chelating agent once every 50 days, harvesting the plants after the plants grow mature, continuously planting for 2 years, and completing primary restoration;
(2) passivating the residual heavy metals in the soil, wherein the treatment method comprises the step of applying a passivator to carry out secondary restoration, and the soil subjected to secondary restoration can be directly used for agriculture; the passivator mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of biochar, 46 parts of organic fertilizer, 43 parts of animal bone meal, 40 parts of modified straw and 27 parts of quick lime.
The preparation method of the passivator comprises the following steps:
a. carrying out impurity removal treatment on harmful substances of the organic fertilizer: collecting fresh animal waste, diluting with four times of water, reflux-extracting with 10 times of 70% acetone for 1 hr, filtering with filter membrane, and discarding filtrate to obtain residue;
b. pulverizing animal bones, boiling for 5h, drying at high temperature, grinding into powder with a ball mill, and sieving with a 200 mesh sieve;
c. the modified straw is prepared by taking corn straw, peanut straw and cotton straw, and mixing the corn straw, the peanut straw and the cotton straw in a ratio of 2: mixing and drying at a ratio of 1.5:2, crushing into slag, soaking the slag in five times of ammonia water with a mass concentration of 21% for 10 hours, irradiating the slag by using microwave with power of 550W for the last 6 minutes, then eluting the slag by using deionized water until the pH value is 7.5, and drying to obtain modified straws for later use;
d. mixing the biochar, the organic fertilizer, the animal bone meal, the modified straw and the quicklime according to the proportion, adding 15% of water, and performing wet composting in a composting tank for 40 hours to obtain the passivator for passivating the heavy metals in the soil.
The organic fertilizer is cow dung, chicken dung, sheep dung and pig dung from an animal farm, and can be mixed and used in any proportion, fresh animal dung contains harmful substances causing secondary pollution to soil, so that the dung needs to be subjected to impurity removal treatment before use, and the treatment method is shown in a in the step (1); the plants planted in the phytoremediation technology are Indian mustard and Arabidopsis thaliana. The method has high enrichment capacity on heavy metals, and is mainly used for restoring heavy metal soil of Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Au, Se and Pb; the chelating agent is a mixture of S, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, citric acid and EDTA, and the chelating agent is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 7:3:1, when the chelating agent is added, citric acid is added firstly, the influence on the pH value of the soil is small, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid is added in proportion after 3 hours, the advantages of fast degradation and no secondary pollution are achieved, EDTA is added after 4 hours, the activation capability is strong, and the secondary pollution of the soil can be reduced by controlling the using amount; the concentration of the chelating agent is 20mmol/kg, the pH is adjusted to be 6, and the optimal absorption of heavy metals can be realized in the range; the passivator is mainly used for passivating and repairing the soil containing heavy metals of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn; the Indian mustard is transgenic Indian mustard, metallothionein polypeptide in an animal body is transferred into the Indian mustard through a transgenic technology, and the metal absorption capacity of the Indian mustard can be improved; the Indian mustard and the arabidopsis thaliana are alternately planted for one round, the Indian mustard is planted firstly, and the arabidopsis thaliana is planted after the Indian mustard and the arabidopsis thaliana are harvested, so that various heavy metals in soil can be absorbed, and the soil pollution treatment effect is better; the multistage remediation method mainly aims at the soil polluted by medium and heavy metals.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The multistage remediation method for the heavy metal contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the heavy metal absorption is carried out by using a phytoremediation technology, and the specific operation is as follows: firstly loosening soil and turning over soil, digging deep pits at intervals of 1 meter, wherein the pits are 10-15cm deep, selecting plants with strong heavy metal enrichment capacity, planting the plants into the deep pits, watering and irrigating, paying attention to pest and disease damage prevention and control in the growth period of the seedlings, removing weeds regularly, starting to apply a chelating agent to the soil after the growth of the plants enters a stable seedling period, irrigating the chelating agent once every 30-50 days, harvesting the plants after the plants grow mature, continuously planting for 2 years, and completing primary restoration;
(2) passivating the residual heavy metals in the soil, wherein the treatment method comprises the step of applying a passivator to carry out secondary restoration, and the soil subjected to secondary restoration can be directly used for agriculture; the passivator mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of biochar, 28-46 parts of organic fertilizer, 25-43 parts of animal bone meal, 22-40 parts of modified straw and 12-27 parts of quicklime;
the preparation method of the passivator in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
a. carrying out impurity removal treatment on harmful substances of the organic fertilizer: collecting fresh animal waste, diluting with four times of water, reflux-extracting with 8-10 times of 70% acetone for 1 hr, filtering with filter membrane, and discarding filtrate to obtain residue;
b. crushing animal bones, boiling for 5 hours, drying at high temperature, grinding into powder by using a ball mill, and sieving with a sieve of 160-mesh and 200-mesh for later use;
c. the modified straws are corn straws, peanut straws and cotton straws, and the modified straws are prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: mixing and drying at a ratio of 1.5:2, crushing into slag, soaking the slag in five times of ammonia water with a mass concentration of 21% for 10 hours, irradiating the slag by using microwave with power of 550W for the last 6 minutes, then eluting the slag by using deionized water until the pH value is 7-7.5, and drying to obtain modified straws for later use;
d. mixing the biochar, the organic fertilizer, the animal bone meal, the modified straw and the quicklime according to the proportion, adding 15% of water into the mixture, and performing wet composting in a composting tank for 30-40 hours to obtain the passivator for passivating the heavy metals in the soil;
the organic fertilizer is cow dung, chicken dung, sheep dung and pig dung from an animal farm, and can be mixed and used in any proportion;
the plants planted in the phytoremediation technology are Indian mustard and Arabidopsis thaliana;
the chelating agent is a mixture of S, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, citric acid and EDTA;
the concentration of the chelating agent is 15-20mmol/kg, and the pH is adjusted to be 4-6;
the passivator is mainly used for passivating and repairing the soil containing heavy metals of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn;
the Indian mustard is transgenic Indian mustard, and metallothionein polypeptide in an animal body is transferred into the Indian mustard by a transgenic technology;
the Indian mustard and the Arabidopsis are alternately planted for one round, the Indian mustard is planted firstly, and the Arabidopsis is planted after the Indian mustard is harvested;
the multistage remediation method mainly aims at the soil polluted by medium and heavy metals.
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