CN106684575B - Switchable beam antenna device and method - Google Patents
Switchable beam antenna device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106684575B CN106684575B CN201611218067.8A CN201611218067A CN106684575B CN 106684575 B CN106684575 B CN 106684575B CN 201611218067 A CN201611218067 A CN 201611218067A CN 106684575 B CN106684575 B CN 106684575B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a switchable beam antenna device and a method, the device comprises a plurality of antenna units which are arranged at intervals according to rows, each antenna unit is provided with two paths of traveling wave antenna arrays which are used for receiving and transmitting radar high-frequency signals at intervals from left to right, the lengths of each path of traveling wave antenna array on the left side and each path of traveling wave antenna array on the right side are respectively increased and decreased gradually from top to bottom, the traveling wave antenna arrays on the left side can generate a plurality of beams with different deflection directions to cover a left designated range, and the traveling wave antenna arrays on the right side can generate a plurality of beams with different deflection directions to cover a right designated range; according to the method, the number and the length of the antenna arrays are determined according to the coverage range, after the antenna devices are obtained through arrangement, the traveling wave antenna arrays of each path are controlled to be switched, and the switching of the left-side and right-side directional beams is realized. The multi-beam switching device can realize multi-beam switching and has the advantages of simple and compact structure, low required cost, large space coverage range, small volume and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of radar antennas, and in particular, to a switchable beam antenna apparatus and method.
Background
The radar sensor is a main component in the millimeter wave sensor, and covers a specified area through the radiation of an antenna, wherein the single-shot single-reception millimeter wave radar adopting a frequency modulation continuous wave system can acquire the speed information of a target, and the multi-reception antenna can also acquire the angle information of the target. In more and more application occasions, a plurality of radar sensors are required to acquire information of a target so as to perform omnibearing monitoring, such as a perimeter security system, namely, by disposing a plurality of radar sensors on the perimeter of a fixed area, when an invasive target passes through the perimeter or moves nearby the perimeter, the sensors can detect the moving target and give alarm information in real time, so that the perimeter protection function is achieved.
An important parameter for characterizing the radiation characteristics of an antenna is the radiation pattern of the antenna, the main beam of the radiation pattern is a beam, and the beams of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna determine the detection area of the radar sensor. The conventional millimeter wave sensor is usually a fixed single-beam radar sensor, so that the cost is low, but the antenna pattern has only one fixed main beam, and the requirement of the perimeter security system and the like for omnibearing monitoring cannot be met; the main beam of an electric broom radar sensor antenna can realize beam scanning within a certain angle range, but the electric broom radar needs a certain number of analog or digital phase shifters, and the cost is much higher than that of a fixed single beam radar sensor. Therefore, there is a need to provide a switchable beam antenna device with large spatial coverage and low cost, so as to realize multi-beam switching.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a switchable beam antenna device and a switchable beam antenna method which can realize the switching of multiple beams, and have the advantages of simple and compact structure, low required cost, large space coverage and small volume.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the switchable beam antenna device comprises a plurality of antenna units which are arranged at intervals in rows, wherein each antenna unit is provided with two paths of traveling wave antenna arrays which are used for receiving and transmitting radar high-frequency signals at intervals from left to right, the lengths of the traveling wave antenna arrays on the left side and the traveling wave antenna arrays on the right side are respectively increased and decreased gradually from top to bottom, the traveling wave antenna arrays on the left side can generate a plurality of beams with different deflection directions to cover a left designated range, and the traveling wave antenna arrays on the right side can generate a plurality of beams with different deflection directions to cover a right designated range.
As a further improvement of the device of the invention: in each antenna unit, the length of the travelling wave antenna array on one side is gradually increased, and the length of the travelling wave antenna array on the other side is gradually reduced, so that each antenna unit integrally forms a rectangular array structure.
As a further improvement of the device of the invention: and the left antenna structure formed by the traveling wave antenna arrays on the left side is centrosymmetric with the right antenna structure formed by the traveling wave antenna arrays on the right side.
As a further improvement of the device of the invention: the traveling wave antenna array on the left side and the traveling wave antenna array on the right side are opposite in transmission direction.
As a further improvement of the device of the invention: the system also comprises a beam switching control unit connected with each path of the traveling wave antenna array, wherein the beam switching control unit controls the switching of each path of the traveling wave antenna array so as to control the switching of beams.
As a further improvement of the device of the invention: each path of the traveling wave antenna array comprises an equal number of antenna radiating elements, and a designated space is arranged between the antenna radiating elements in each path of the traveling wave antenna array so as to generate beams with required deflection directions.
As a further improvement of the device of the invention: the traveling wave antenna array is a linear array antenna with oblique polarization, horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization; each path of the traveling wave antenna array is a printed structure array antenna respectively; the printed structure array antenna is a patch antenna array or a slot array antenna.
The invention further discloses a method for realizing the switchable beam antenna device, which comprises the following steps:
the number of the traveling wave antenna arrays on the left side and the right side of the required arrangement and the length of each path of the traveling wave antenna array are respectively determined according to the required coverage range; arranging the traveling wave antenna arrays in each path, so that the lengths of the traveling wave antenna arrays on the left side and the right side are gradually increased and decreased from top to bottom respectively to obtain the antenna device;
and controlling and switching the traveling wave antenna arrays on the left side and the right side to realize the switching of the directional beams on the left side and the right side.
As a further improvement of the process of the invention: the number of antenna radiating units in the traveling wave antenna array is determined according to the required maximum gain and half power lobe width; after the antenna device is obtained, the excitation current of each antenna radiating unit is set, so that the difference between the maximum level and the side lobe level of a plurality of beams generated by each traveling wave antenna array is larger than a preset threshold value.
As a further improvement of the process of the invention: each antenna radiating unit is arranged on the same side of the center of the substrate integrated waveguide at equal intervals, and a specified longitudinal offset distance is formed from the center line of the waveguide;
the determination of the longitudinal offset distance comprises the following steps: according to the calculated excitation current of each antenna radiating element, calculating the conductance value of each antenna radiating element; determining and obtaining the longitudinal offset distance of each antenna radiation unit according to the calculated conductance value and the relation between the conductance value and the longitudinal offset of the antenna radiation unit;
the determining step of the resonance length of each antenna radiating element comprises the following steps: and establishing an antenna radiation unit simulation model based on the substrate integrated waveguide, inputting the antenna radiation unit simulation model into the determined longitudinal offset distance, and taking the length of the antenna radiation unit obtained when the conductance value reaches the maximum and the susceptance is zero as the corresponding resonance length.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) According to the invention, by arranging the plurality of antenna units, each antenna unit is provided with two paths of traveling wave antenna arrays, the lengths of the left and right paths of traveling wave antenna arrays are gradually increased and reduced, so that the traveling wave antenna arrays with the gradually changed lengths can generate a plurality of beams with different deflection angles to realize multi-beam switching, and meanwhile, each path of traveling wave antenna arrays on the left side generate a plurality of beams to cover a left appointed range, and each path of traveling wave antenna arrays on the right side generate a plurality of beams to cover a right appointed range, so that the left and right space ranges can be covered simultaneously, the detection range of a radar antenna is greatly increased, and wide-angle coverage is realized;
2) According to the invention, the length of the traveling wave antenna array at one side is gradually increased, and the length of the traveling wave antenna array at the other side is gradually reduced, so that the two paths of traveling wave antenna arrays in each antenna unit are combined in a crossing manner according to the long antenna array and the short antenna array, a rectangular array structure with a compact structure is obtained, the antenna layout is reasonable, the size of the antenna array surface can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the required cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a switchable beam antenna device according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a row wave antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention. .
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a substrate integrated waveguide used in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a radiation pattern of an azimuth plane obtained by a traveling wave antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an azimuth plane radiation pattern of an antenna device obtained in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Legend description: 1. an antenna unit; 11. a traveling wave antenna array.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with the drawings and the specific preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, the switchable beam antenna device of the present embodiment includes a plurality of antenna units 1 arranged at a row interval, each antenna unit 1 is arranged with two paths of traveling wave antenna arrays 11 for transmitting and receiving radar high frequency signals at intervals from left to right, the lengths of the left and right paths of traveling wave antenna arrays 11 are respectively increased and decreased gradually from top to bottom, and the left and right paths of traveling wave antenna arrays 11 are enabled to generate a plurality of beams of different deflection directions to cover a left designated range, and the right path of traveling wave antenna arrays 11 are enabled to generate a plurality of beams of different deflection directions to cover a right designated range.
The switchable beam antenna device of the embodiment specifically includes n antenna units 1, where n antenna units 1 include 2n traveling wave antenna arrays 11, and are divided into left C1-Cn antenna arrays and right D1-Dn antenna arrays, where the lengths of the left C1-Cn antenna arrays gradually increase from top to bottom, cn is a first antenna array corresponding to the shortest antenna length, and C1 is an nth antenna array corresponding to the longest antenna length; the lengths of the right-side D1-Dn antenna arrays are gradually reduced from top to bottom, wherein D1 is the first path of antenna array and corresponds to the longest antenna length, and Dn is the nth path of antenna array and corresponds to the longest antenna length. Of course, the lengths of the left traveling wave antenna arrays 11 may be set to be gradually reduced from top to bottom according to actual requirements, and the lengths of the right traveling wave antenna arrays 11 may be set to be gradually increased from top to bottom according to actual requirements.
The shorter the length of the antenna array, the larger the half power lobe width, and the more the beam in the azimuth plane radiation pattern deviates from the side-emission direction; conversely, the longer the length of the antenna array, the smaller the half-power lobe, and the closer the beam is to the broadside. According to the switchable beam antenna device of the embodiment, by arranging the plurality of antenna units 1, each antenna unit 1 is provided with two paths of traveling wave antenna arrays 11, the lengths of the left and right paths of traveling wave antenna arrays 11 are gradually increased and reduced, so that the traveling wave antenna arrays 11 with the gradually changed lengths can generate a plurality of beams with different deflection angles to realize multi-beam switching, meanwhile, each path of traveling wave antenna array 11 on the left generates a plurality of beams to cover a left appointed range, and each path of traveling wave antenna array 11 on the right generates a plurality of beams to cover a right appointed range, so that the left and right space ranges can be covered simultaneously, the detection range of a radar antenna is greatly increased, and wide-angle coverage is realized.
In this embodiment, the transmission directions of the left traveling wave antenna array 11 and the right traveling wave antenna array 11 are opposite, so that the designated space ranges on the left side and the right side can be covered at the same time, the angle measurement range of multiple beams is greatly enlarged, and the angle resolution is improved.
In this embodiment, in each antenna unit 1, the length of one side traveling wave antenna array 11 is gradually increased, and the length of the other side traveling wave antenna array 11 is gradually decreased, so that each antenna unit 1 integrally forms a rectangular array structure. As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the lengths of the left C1 to Cn antenna arrays are gradually increased, and the lengths of the right D1 to Dn antenna arrays are gradually decreased, so that the two paths of traveling wave antenna arrays 11 in each antenna unit 1 are the cross combination of the long antenna array and the short antenna array, for example, the first antenna unit 1 is obtained by cross combination of the antenna array Cn corresponding to the shortest antenna length on the left and the antenna array D1 corresponding to the longest antenna length on the right, and finally the rectangular array structure C0 is formed. Of course, in other embodiments, it is also possible to arrange for the length of the left side row wave antenna array 11 to decrease gradually and the length of the right side row wave antenna array 11 to increase gradually.
According to the embodiment, the length of the traveling wave antenna array 11 on one side is gradually increased, and the length of the traveling wave antenna array 11 on the other side is gradually reduced, so that the two paths of traveling wave antenna arrays 11 in each antenna unit 1 are combined in a crossing manner according to the long antenna array and the short antenna array, a rectangular array structure with a compact structure is obtained, the antenna layout is reasonable, the size of an antenna array surface can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the required cost is reduced.
In this embodiment, the left antenna structure formed by the left traveling wave antenna arrays 11 is centrosymmetric with the right antenna structure formed by the right traveling wave antenna arrays 11. As shown in fig. 1, the antenna arrays of each antenna unit 1 have equal lengths, and the left C1-Cn antenna arrays are rotated clockwise by 180 degrees, so as to obtain the right D1-Dn antenna array structures. By the symmetrical two-sided traveling wave antenna array 11, a symmetrical space coverage of the left side and the right side can be obtained. Of course, the antenna array length of each antenna unit 1 may be set to be different according to the range of coverage actually required.
The embodiment further includes a beam switching control unit connected to each path of traveling wave antenna array 11, where the beam switching control unit controls to switch each path of traveling wave antenna array 11, so as to implement antenna array switching, so as to control the switching beam.
In this embodiment, each path of traveling wave antenna array 11 includes an equal number of antenna radiation units, and each path of traveling wave antenna array 11 has a specified interval between the antenna radiation units to generate beams with a required deflection direction, that is, the traveling wave antenna arrays 11 with different lengths are obtained by corresponding antenna radiation units with different intervals, and the beam direction can be controlled by controlling the interval between adjacent radiation units in the antenna array.
When the distance between adjacent antenna radiation units is not one waveguide wavelength, the antenna array is a traveling wave array, and the beam direction deviates from the side-emitting direction, wherein when the distance is smaller than one waveguide wavelength and the array length is reduced, the beam is directed to the left side in the side-emitting direction; when the spacing is greater than one waveguide wavelength and the array length increases, the beam is directed to the right in the side-fire direction. In this embodiment, the distance between adjacent antenna radiating elements in each traveling wave antenna array 11 is specifically smaller than one waveguide wavelength, and the smaller the distance between adjacent antenna radiating elements, the more the beam deviates from the side-emitting direction, so that the antenna size can be reduced, and the antenna structure is compact. In the embodiment, the distance between adjacent antenna radiation units of the left traveling wave antenna array 11 is smaller than one waveguide wavelength, so that a beam covering the left range is generated, and the shorter the length of the traveling wave antenna array 11 is, the more the corresponding beam deviates leftwards; the spacing between adjacent antenna radiating elements in the right side traveling wave antenna array 11 is smaller than one waveguide wavelength, and the transmission direction is opposite to the left side traveling wave antenna array 11, so that the beam is directed to the right in the side-emission direction, and the shorter the length of the traveling wave antenna array 11, the more the corresponding beam deviates to the right from the side-emission direction.
The number of antenna radiating units in the traveling wave antenna array 11 is set according to the required maximum gain and half-power lobe width, so that the detection width of the radar is not too wide to spread at a position far from the radar while higher antenna gain is obtained, and the requirements of the radiating array antenna with narrow beam, high gain radiation characteristics and the like are met.
In this embodiment, the traveling wave antenna array 11 is a linear array antenna, and the polarization mode of the linear array antenna may be oblique polarization, horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, or the like.
In this embodiment, each path of traveling wave antenna array 11 is a printed structure array antenna, and specifically, a printed structure array antenna such as a patch antenna array or a slot array antenna may be adopted, or other types of array antennas may be adopted according to actual requirements. The radiators of each path of traveling wave antenna array 11 may be identical, or of course, different radiators may be used.
The multiple beams of the radiation array antenna are main beams of the radiation antenna pattern, and other beams except the main beams are side lobes on the azimuth plane, in this embodiment, the difference between the maximum level of the multiple beams generated by each path of travelling wave antenna array 11 and the side lobes is greater than a preset threshold (specifically 18 dB), that is, the maximum level of the main beam is at least 18dB greater than the side lobes; by setting the current excitation amplitude of each antenna radiating element so that each antenna radiating element has unequal power distribution, the maximum level of the main beam of each traveling wave antenna array 11 is at least 18dB greater than the side lobe, and interference from targets outside the main beam can be greatly reduced.
In the present embodiment, each traveling wave antenna array 11 is specifically printed on a high-frequency substrate.
The present invention will be further described below by taking the example of generating multiple beams to cover 60 degrees on the left and right sides, respectively, and 120 degrees in total.
As shown in fig. 2 to 7, in this embodiment, according to the relationship between the adjacent gap spacing and the antenna deflection angle, 26 traveling wave antenna arrays 11 are specifically arranged, 13 traveling wave antenna arrays 11 with different spacing are arranged on the left side, so as to realize space coverage of 60 degrees on the left side, and 13 traveling wave antenna arrays 11 with different spacing are arranged on the right side, so as to realize space coverage of 60 degrees on the right side; the lengths of the left 13-path antenna array and the right 13-path antenna array are gradually changed from top to bottom, so that each row of antenna arrays are arranged in a one-to-one crossing manner according to the length, and a rectangular array structure is integrally formed, wherein the right antenna array can be obtained by rotating the left antenna array by 180 degrees clockwise. The antenna arrangement is as shown in fig. 7, and beam sub-array switching is achieved by a beam switching control unit.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the traveling wave antenna array 11 adopts a slot array antenna, the polarization mode of the slot antenna elements is selected to be a vertical mode, and 30 slot units are specifically disposed in the traveling wave antenna array 11 to achieve high gain and narrow beam characteristics, and meanwhile, the slot units are uniformly arranged on the same side of the central line of the Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW), and by increasing the spacing between the slot units, the mutual coupling effect between the radiation units can be reduced. The 30 slot array elements form a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) traveling wave array antenna in the above manner, one end is a feed port, and the other end is a matching port, so as to obtain the traveling wave antenna array 11.
As shown in fig. 3, the substrate integrated waveguide adopted in the embodiment is a planar guided wave structure integrated on a dielectric substrate, and two parallel rows of metallized through hole arrays are manufactured in the dielectric substrate and the upper and lower conductors to form a quasi-closed waveguide-like structure, which has the advantages of small volume, light weight, compact structure, easy integration with a high-frequency signal processing circuit and the like. In the embodiment, the width a, the diameter d and the period p of the through holes of the substrate integrated waveguide are set, so that energy leakage among the through holes is negligible, and the substrate integrated waveguide can be equivalently a medium filled rectangular waveguide. After the traveling wave antenna array 11 is obtained in the above manner, the energy fed from the feed port is distributed to each slot unit according to the specified ratio, and radiated in a vertical polarization manner, the current distribution of each slot unit is determined according to the radiation pattern of the azimuth plane to be obtained, and the distance between the adjacent slot units is determined according to the deflection angle of the beam to be generated.
As shown in fig. 4, in the single slot model of the substrate integrated waveguide built in this embodiment, metallized through holes are periodically arranged at the top and bottom, the slot units are at one side of the waveguide center line, the longitudinal offset distance between the center of each slot unit and the waveguide center line is x, the left end is a feed end, and the right end is a short road surface. The horizontal distance between the center of the gap and the feed end is specifically one-half of the guide wavelength, and the horizontal distance between the center of the gap and the short road surface is specifically one-quarter of the guide wavelength. Based on the established gap unit model, the resonance length of the gap unit can be obtained when the gap conductance value is maximum and the susceptance is zero by the gap longitudinal offset distance x.
Fig. 5 shows an azimuth plane radiation pattern of a traveling wave antenna array 11 obtained in this embodiment, in which the half-power beam width of the radiation pattern is 5.7 degrees, the side lobe level is less than-22 dB, and the beam deflection side-firing direction is 43.2 degrees.
As shown in fig. 6, the azimuth plane radiation pattern obtained by the left-side 13-path traveling wave antenna array 11 is that the smaller the distance between adjacent slots (the shorter the antenna array), the more the corresponding beam is deviated to the left, the larger the half-power lobe width and the smaller the antenna gain, and finally the 60-degree range of the left-side area in the side-emission direction can be covered by the 13-path traveling wave array antenna.
The embodiment further discloses a method for implementing the switchable beam antenna device, which comprises the following steps:
the number of the left side traveling wave antenna arrays 11 and the right side traveling wave antenna arrays 11 which are required to be set and the length of each path of traveling wave antenna array 11 are respectively determined according to the required coverage range; arranging each path of traveling wave antenna array 11 so that the lengths of each path of traveling wave antenna array 11 on the left side and each path of traveling wave antenna array 11 on the right side are gradually increased and decreased from top to bottom respectively to obtain the antenna device;
and the traveling wave antenna arrays 11 on the left side and the right side are controlled to be switched, so that the switching of the directional beams on the left side and the right side is realized.
By adopting the method, the antenna device with a plurality of beams with different deflection directions and simultaneously covering the left appointed range and the right appointed range can be realized, the multi-beam switching function and the wide coverage range are realized, the structure of the antenna device is compact, and the area of the array surface is small.
In this embodiment, the number of antenna radiating units in the traveling wave antenna array 11 is determined according to the required maximum gain and half-power lobe width, so that the required antenna performance is obtained, and meanwhile, the detection width of the radar is not too wide to spread at a position far from the radar, so as to realize the narrow-beam and high-gain radiation characteristics. After the antenna device is obtained, the excitation current of each antenna radiating element is set so that the difference between the maximum level of the plurality of beams generated by each traveling wave antenna array 11 and the side lobe level is greater than a preset threshold (specifically, 18 dB). By setting the current excitation amplitude of each antenna radiating element so that each antenna radiating element has unequal power distribution, interference from targets outside the main beam can be greatly reduced.
In the embodiment, the antenna radiating units are arranged on the same side of the center of the substrate integrated waveguide at equal intervals, and a specified longitudinal offset distance is formed from the center line of the waveguide;
the determination of the longitudinal offset distance comprises the following steps: according to the calculated excitation current of each antenna radiating element, calculating the conductance value of each antenna radiating element; determining and obtaining the longitudinal offset distance of each antenna radiation unit according to the calculated conductance value and the relation between the conductance value and the longitudinal offset of the antenna radiation unit;
the determining step of the resonance length of each antenna radiating element comprises the following steps: and establishing an antenna radiation unit simulation model based on the substrate integrated waveguide, inputting the antenna radiation unit simulation model into the determined longitudinal offset distance, and taking the length of the antenna radiation unit obtained when the conductance value reaches the maximum and the susceptance is zero as the corresponding resonance length.
The specific steps for implementing the antenna device shown in fig. 2 to 7 in this embodiment are:
(1) calculating the excitation current of each slit unit according to the required side lobe level (specifically-30 dB);
the excitation current distribution of 30 slots in one path of travelling wave antenna array 11 obtained by calculating the Taylor distribution is as follows in turn from left to right:
0.245:0.266:0.306:0.362:0.430:0.506:0.585:0.663:0.738:0.807:0.868:0.919:0.959:0.986:1:1:0.986:0.959:0.919:0.868:0.807:0.738:0.663:0.585:0.506:0.430:0.362:0.306:0.266:0.245。
(2) calculating the conductance value of each slit unit according to the calculated excitation current;
specifically, MATLAB is adopted to calculate 30-element gap conductance distribution based on the formula (1), and the gap conductance distribution of each gap unit from left to right is as follows:
0.003:0.004:0.005:0.007:0.010:0.015:0.020:0.027:0.034:0.042:0.052:0.061:0.072:0.082:0.092:0.101:0.109:0.115:0.118:0.118:0.113:0.104:0.092:0.077:0.061:0.046:0.034:0.025:0.019:0.017。
where q, α is a waveguide attenuation factor, d is an adjacent gap spacing, and E is each gap current.
(3) Obtaining a longitudinal offset distance x between each slot unit and the central line of the waveguide according to a relation between the conductance value and the longitudinal offset distance of the slot according to a formula (2);
wherein lambda is g The wavelength is waveguide wavelength, lambda is working wavelength, a is equivalent waveguide width, b is medium thickness, and x is the longitudinal offset distance between the slot center line and the substrate integrated waveguide center line.
(4) Based on a substrate integrated waveguide single-slit simulation model (shown in fig. 4), under the calculated longitudinal offset distance x, the length of the slit obtained when the conductance value reaches the maximum and the susceptance is zero is the resonance length.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A switchable beam antenna device, characterized by comprising a plurality of antenna units (1) arranged at intervals of rows, each antenna unit (1) is provided with two paths of traveling wave antenna arrays (11) for receiving and transmitting radar high-frequency signals at intervals from left to right, the lengths of the left and right paths of traveling wave antenna arrays (11) are respectively increased and decreased gradually from top to bottom, the left paths of traveling wave antenna arrays (11) can generate a plurality of beams with different deflection directions to cover a left designated range, and the right paths of traveling wave antenna arrays (11) can generate a plurality of beams with different deflection directions to cover a right designated range, and each path of traveling wave antenna arrays (11) is printed on a high-frequency substrate.
2. The switchable beam antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in each antenna unit (1), the length of the travelling wave antenna array (11) on one side is gradually increased, and the length of the travelling wave antenna array (11) on the other side is gradually reduced, so that each antenna unit (1) integrally forms a rectangular array structure.
3. The switchable beam antenna device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the left antenna structure formed by the traveling wave antenna arrays (11) on the left side is symmetrical with the right antenna structure formed by the traveling wave antenna arrays (11) on the right side.
4. The switchable beam antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the traveling wave antenna array (11) on the left side and the traveling wave antenna array (11) on the right side are opposite in transmission direction.
5. The switchable beam antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a beam switching control unit connected to each of the travelling wave antenna arrays (11), the beam switching control unit controlling switching of each of the travelling wave antenna arrays (11) to control switching of the beams.
6. The switchable beam antenna device of claim 5, wherein: each path of travelling wave antenna array (11) comprises an equal number of antenna radiating elements, and each path of travelling wave antenna array (11) has a specified interval between the antenna radiating elements so as to generate beams with required deflection directions.
7. The switchable beam antenna device of claim 6, wherein: the traveling wave antenna array (11) is a linear array antenna with oblique polarization, horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization; each path of travelling wave antenna array (11) is a printed structure array antenna respectively; the printed array antenna is a patch antenna array or a slot array antenna.
8. A method for implementing a switchable beam antenna device according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the method comprises:
the number of the traveling wave antenna arrays (11) on the left side and the right side of the required arrangement and the length of each path of the traveling wave antenna arrays (11) are respectively determined according to the required coverage range, and the number of the antenna radiating units in the traveling wave antenna arrays (11) is specifically determined according to the required maximum gain and the half-power lobe width; arranging the traveling wave antenna arrays (11) so that the lengths of the traveling wave antenna arrays (11) on the left side and the right side are gradually increased and decreased from top to bottom to obtain the antenna device;
and controlling and switching the traveling wave antenna arrays (11) on the left side and the right side to realize the switching of the directional beams on the left side and the right side.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: after the antenna device is obtained, the excitation current of each antenna radiating unit is set, so that the difference between the maximum level and the side lobe level of a plurality of beams generated by each path of traveling wave antenna array (11) is larger than a preset threshold value.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: each antenna radiating unit is arranged on the same side of the center of the substrate integrated waveguide at equal intervals, and a specified longitudinal offset distance is formed from the center line of the waveguide;
the determination of the longitudinal offset distance comprises the following steps: according to the calculated excitation current of each antenna radiating element, calculating the conductance value of each antenna radiating element; determining and obtaining the longitudinal offset distance of each antenna radiation unit according to the calculated conductance value and the relation between the conductance value and the longitudinal offset of the antenna radiation unit;
the determining step of the resonance length of each antenna radiating element comprises the following steps: and establishing an antenna radiation unit simulation model based on the substrate integrated waveguide, inputting the antenna radiation unit simulation model into the determined longitudinal offset distance, and taking the length of the antenna radiation unit obtained when the conductance value reaches the maximum and the susceptance is zero as the corresponding resonance length.
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| CN110873880B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-10-22 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Radar monitoring system, method, controller and storage medium |
| CN115079084A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-09-20 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Antenna angle determining method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
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