RU2784393C1 - Dual band antenna system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: microwave technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to microwave technology, namely to antenna systems with sum-difference signal processing. The effect is achieved by the fact that a dual-band antenna system, including a waveguide-slot antenna array of the high-frequency range, made in the form of a multi-level system of waveguides and containing a waveguide power distribution circuit and a radiating antenna array, divided into several sub-arrays, the radiating elements of which are made in the form of through holes in wide walls of parallel rectangular radiating waveguides forming the first level of the waveguide-slotted antenna array, perpendicular to which, at the second level of the waveguide-slotted antenna array, one for each sub-array is located to the exciting waveguide.

EFFECT: formation of eight independent output microwave signals with an increase in the gain and a decrease in the level of the side lobes of the high-frequency range antenna system.

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Description

The invention relates to microwave technology, namely to antenna systems with sum-difference signal processing. Such systems are used in radar systems (RLS) for accurate automatic target tracking and in surveillance monopulse radar systems. The parameters of the antenna system largely determine the characteristics of the radar as a whole.

Known monopulse antenna device [Patent No. 2236729 IPC H01Q 13/10], which contains a flat antenna array, divided into at least two sub-arrays, connected to a sum-difference signal processing device made on double waveguide tees.

The disadvantage of this device is the limitation of its operation in only one frequency range, as well as the impossibility of setting up the sum-difference scheme separately from the antenna device as a whole.

Closest to the proposed invention is a slotted waveguide antenna array, made in the form of a multilevel system of waveguides and containing a waveguide power distribution circuit and a radiating antenna array divided into several subarrays. [Patent No. 2246156 IPC H01Q 21/00]

The disadvantage of this device is the limitation of its operation in only one frequency range, which allows you to generate only three independent output microwave signals. It is also impossible to set up the sum-difference scheme separately from the antenna device as a whole.

The technical result of the proposed dual-band antenna system is the formation of eight independent microwave output signals with an increase in gain and a decrease in the level of side lobes of the high-frequency range antenna system and extremely high characteristics of the low-frequency antenna system.

The proposed dual-band antenna system includes a waveguide-slot high-frequency antenna array, made in the form of a multilevel system of waveguides and containing a waveguide power distribution circuit and a radiating antenna array, divided into several subarrays, the radiating elements of which are made in the form of through holes in the wide walls of parallel rectangular radiating waveguides forming the first level of the waveguide-slot antenna array, perpendicular to which at the second level of the waveguide-slot antenna array there are one for each sub-array of the exciting waveguide, each of which is electromagnetically connected to the radiating waveguides through coupling elements in the form of through holes in their common wide walls and is electromagnetically connected to the input waveguide of the sublattice located on the third level through the coupling element in the form of through holes in the common wide wall of these waveguides, while all the input waveguides subarrays are connected to a waveguide power distribution scheme divided into four quadrants, and a low-frequency band antenna array made in the form of radiators forming four quadrants and located on a high-frequency band radiating antenna array, each radiator being located between the linear arrays and polarization decoupled from the high-frequency band radiators , the sum-difference circuits (SDS) of the high-frequency and low-frequency ranges, together with the antenna arrays, form a single antenna system, and the antenna aperture additionally includes a broadband antenna made in the form of a low-frequency range radiator and mounted on a high-frequency range radiating antenna array, and a high-frequency radiator made in in the form of an electric vibrator.

The multilayer structure of the waveguide-slotted array can be made of alternating conductive thin plates and conductive bases connected to each other, in which through holes are made, forming the channels of the waveguides of the corresponding level of the waveguide-slotted antenna array, and in the adjacent thin plates, forming the wide walls of these waveguides , through holes are made that form either radiating elements at the corresponding levels of the waveguide-slotted antenna array, or holes for coupling elements between waveguides of different levels, or holes for supplying energy, and the radiating elements of the high-frequency antenna array are made in the form of longitudinal slots in the narrow walls of the waveguides, the coupling elements between the radiating and exciting waveguides are made in the form of inclined slots.

An additional low-frequency broadband antenna can be made in the form of a microstrip printed circuit board installed with its narrow side perpendicular to the high-frequency range antenna array.

A single high-frequency emitter is an electric vibrator with a polarization vector at an angle of 45° to the polarization vector of the high-frequency range antenna array.

The sum-difference circuit of the low-frequency range can be made in the form of a coplanar printed circuit board, which is fixed on the reverse side of the antenna base, connected to the emitters through coaxial-strip junctions and has coaxial-strip junctions for outputting the total and two difference signals.

At the output of the high-frequency part of the dual-band antenna system, we obtain microwave signals: the sum signal, the elevation difference signal, the azimuth difference signal, the signal from a single emitter. At the output of the low-frequency part, we obtain microwave signals: a sum signal, an elevation difference signal, an azimuth difference signal, a signal from a low-frequency broadband antenna. Thus, the proposed dual-band antenna system generates 8 independent output microwave signals.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shows the proposed dual-band antenna system, where:

waveguide-slotted antenna array of the high-frequency range - 1;

waveguide power distribution scheme - 2;

low-frequency antenna array emitter - 10;

broadband antenna in the form of a low-frequency emitter - 12;

high-frequency emitter in the form of an electric vibrator - 13.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a multilevel waveguide system of the proposed dual-band antenna system, where:

antenna array subarray - 3;

radiating element - 4;

rectangular radiating waveguide - 5;

exciting waveguide - 6;

connection element of the exciting waveguide - 7.

In FIG. 4 shows the details of a dual-band antenna system in the order of their location in the finished product, where:

waveguide power distribution scheme - 2;

incoming waveguide - 8;

connection element of the inlet waveguide - 9;

low-frequency antenna array emitter - 10;

sum-difference circuit (SRS) of the low-frequency range - 11.

In FIG. 5 shows the radiator 10 of the low-frequency antenna array.

Example

The dual-band antenna system includes a waveguide-slot antenna array of a high-frequency frequency range 1 (K _u -band) and an antenna array of a low-frequency range (X-band) made in the form of sixteen radiators 10. The waveguide-slotted array of a high-frequency frequency range 1 is made in the form of a three-level system waveguides and contains a waveguide power distribution scheme 2 and a radiating antenna array with a diameter of 164 mm, divided into 4 sub-arrays 3, the radiating elements 4 of which are made in the form of through holes in the wide walls of parallel radiating waveguides 5. Perpendicular to the waveguides 5 at the second level of the waveguide-slot antenna gratings 1 are located exciting waveguides 6, one for each sublattice 3. Each radiating waveguide 5 is electromagnetically connected through holes 7 with exciting waveguides 6.

Each exciting waveguide 6 is electromagnetically connected through the holes 9 with the inlet waveguide 8 located on the third level. All input waveguides 8 of sublattices 3 are connected via a waveguide power distribution circuit 2.

The sum-difference circuit of the low-frequency system is made in the form of a double-sided printed circuit board on coplanar lines and is fixed on the reverse side of the steel base. The coplanar printed circuit board 11 of the power distribution circuit is connected to the emitters 10 via coaxial-strip junctions and has additional coaxial-strip junctions for outputting the sum and two difference signals. The base on which the coplanar printed circuit board 11 is attached is the reverse side of the aperture part of the antenna system. Sixteen radiators 10 form four quadrants, with each radiator 10 located between the linear arrays and polarization decoupled from the radiators 4 of the high-frequency antenna array.

The emitter 10 of the low-frequency antenna array is made on a double-sided printed circuit board and has dimensions of 11×13 mm. The board is installed with its narrow side perpendicular to the radiating antenna array of the high-frequency range 1.

The broadband antenna is mounted on a high-frequency radiating antenna array 1. The emitter of the low-frequency broadband antenna 12 is made in the same way as the radiator 10, and is installed opposite the electric vibrator of the high-frequency range 13 with a polarization vector at an angle of 45° to the polarization vector of the high-frequency range antenna array.

At the output of the high-frequency part of the dual-band antenna system, microwave signals were received: the sum signal, the elevation difference signal, the azimuth difference signal, and the signal from a single emitter. At the output of the low-frequency part, microwave signals were received: a sum signal, an elevation difference signal, an azimuth difference signal, a signal from a broadband low-frequency antenna. In total, the dual-band antenna system generates 8 independent output microwave signals.

The electrodynamic calculation of the high-frequency range antenna system model and optimization of the results made it possible to obtain an increase in the gain and a decrease in the level of side lobes of the radiation patterns. And the chosen method of manufacturing antenna parts using precision laser processing technology made it possible to obtain results as close as possible to the calculations. The calculations were carried out taking into account the mutual influence of all elements of the antenna system, the obtained characteristics of the low-frequency part of the proposed antenna system turned out to be expectedly high.

The proposed device works as follows

In the reception mode, the high-frequency part of the dual-band antenna system operates as follows: the waveguide-slot antenna array of the high-frequency range 1 receives the wave incident on it through the radiating elements 4 of the sub-arrays 3, the location of which in the wide walls of the rectangular radiating waveguides 5 is determined by the required amplitude distribution. The received signal from the radiating waveguides 5 through the coupling elements 7 is transmitted to the exciting waveguides 6, and then through the coupling elements 9 to the input waveguides 8 of the four sub-arrays 3. and two difference ones, in azimuth and elevation.

In the transmission mode, the signal is fed to the total input, with the help of the sum-difference circuit 2 is divided into four equal parts, then through the input waveguides 8 it enters the exciting waveguides 6. From the exciting waveguides 6 through the coupling elements in the form of through holes 7, the signal enters the radiating waveguides 5, and through the radiating elements 4 of the subarrays 3, the signal goes into free space.

In receive mode, the low-frequency antenna system operates as follows. The low-frequency antenna array receives the incident wave by emitters 10. Then the signal is transmitted through a coaxial cable and a coaxial-strip junction to the sum-difference circuit 11. After transformations in the sum-difference circuit, three radiation patterns are formed: total and two difference, in azimuth and elevation. These signals are taken from coaxial-strip junctions soldered to the steel base of the antenna system.

The proposed dual-band antenna system makes it possible to generate eight independent output microwave signals: four at the output of the high-frequency part and four at the output of the low-frequency part.

At the output of the high-frequency part of the dual-band antenna system, microwave signals are received: the sum signal, the elevation difference signal, the azimuth difference signal, the signal from a single emitter. At the output of the low-frequency part, microwave signals are obtained: a sum signal, an elevation difference signal, an azimuth difference signal, a signal from a low-frequency broadband antenna. The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna have an increased gain and a reduced level of side lobes.

Claims (5)

1. A dual-band antenna system, including a waveguide-slot antenna array of the high-frequency range, made in the form of a multi-level system of waveguides and containing a waveguide power distribution circuit and a radiating antenna array, divided into several sub-arrays, the radiating elements of which are made in the form of through holes in the wide walls of parallel rectangular radiating waveguides forming the first level of the waveguide-slotted antenna array, perpendicular to which, at the second level of the waveguide-slotted antenna array, there are one for each sub-array of the exciting waveguide, each of which is electromagnetically connected to the radiating waveguides through the coupling elements in the form of through holes in their common wide walls and is electromagnetically connected to the sublattice input waveguide located on the third level through the coupling element in the form of through holes in the common wide wall of these waveguides, while all the sublattice input waveguides The grids are connected to a waveguide power distribution circuit divided into four quadrants, and a low-frequency range antenna array made in the form of emitters forming four quadrants and located on a high-frequency range emitting antenna array, each emitter being located between the linear arrays and polarization decoupled from the high-frequency range emitters , the sum-difference circuits (SDS) of the high-frequency and low-frequency ranges, together with the antenna arrays, form a single antenna system, and the antenna aperture additionally includes a broadband antenna made in the form of a low-frequency range radiator and mounted on a high-frequency range radiating antenna array, and a high-frequency radiator made in in the form of an electric vibrator. 2. The dual-band antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the multilayer structure of the waveguide-slotted array is made of alternating conductive thin plates and conductive bases connected to each other, in which through holes are made, forming the channels of the waveguides of the corresponding level of the waveguide-slotted antenna array , and in the adjacent thin plates that form the wide walls of these waveguides, through holes are made, which form either radiating elements at the corresponding levels of the slotted waveguide antenna array, or holes in the coupling elements between the waveguides of different levels, or holes for supplying energy, and the radiating elements of the antenna array high-frequency range are made in the form of longitudinal slots in the narrow walls of the waveguides, the coupling elements between the radiating and exciting waveguides are made in the form of inclined slots. 3. A dual-band antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional low-frequency broadband antenna is made in the form of a microstrip printed circuit board installed with its narrow side perpendicular to the high-frequency range antenna array. 4. A dual-band antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that a single high-frequency emitter is an electric vibrator with a polarization vector at an angle of 45 ° to the polarization vector of the high-frequency range antenna array. 5. A dual-band antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sum-difference circuit of the low-frequency range is a coplanar printed circuit board, which is fixed on the reverse side of the base and is connected to the radiators through coaxial-strip transitions and has coaxial-strip transitions for outputting the total and two difference signals.

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