CN102142604B - Microstrip antenna element with controllable directional diagram - Google Patents
Microstrip antenna element with controllable directional diagram Download PDFInfo
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- CN102142604B CN102142604B CN2010105651138A CN201010565113A CN102142604B CN 102142604 B CN102142604 B CN 102142604B CN 2010105651138 A CN2010105651138 A CN 2010105651138A CN 201010565113 A CN201010565113 A CN 201010565113A CN 102142604 B CN102142604 B CN 102142604B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a microstrip antenna element with a controllable directional diagram. Dielectric slabs which are stacked up in two layers are used; the microstrip antenna element is etched on the surface of a first dielectric slab; the upper surface of a second dielectric slab consists of a metal ground and EBG (electromagnetic band gap) metal chips, and the lower surface of the second dielectric slab is the complete metal ground; the EBG metal chip passes through a dielectric substrate through a metal through hole and is connected with the complete metal ground; the EBG metal chips are positioned at the second dielectric slab and arranged in a matrix shape; and each EBG metal chip is square, the length of a side is 0.11 to 0.13 lambda, a space between the two adjacent metal chips in a horizontal direction is 0.01 to 0.03 lambda, and a distance between the two adjacent metal chips in a vertical direction is 0.02 to 0.26 lambda. The microstrip antenna element with the controllable directional diagram is simple in a technical scheme, high in measuring accuracy and convenient to process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microstrip antenna, particularly the directional diagram maximum is pointed to controlled microband antenna unit.
Background technology
Development along with modern communications, military technology, airborne, spaceborne, missile-borne and various types of communication and the needed electronic building brick parts of telemetering and remote control system are towards short, little, light, thin, highly reliable direction fast development, at aspect of performance, good in the urgent need to Electro Magnetic Compatibility, be not subject to electronic jamming, RCS RCS (Radar Cross Section) is little, the high-performance array antenna with stealthy/anti-stealthy characteristic.Microstrip antenna has the series of advantages such as section is low, lightweight, volume is little, RCS is little, therefore day by day comes into one's own in recent years.
A class microstrip antenna commonly used is at a thin-medium base, as polytetrafluoroethylglass glass fiber is pressed on layer, one side is enclosed thin metal layer as ground plate, another side is produced the metal patch of definite shape by methods such as photoetching corrosions, utilize microstrip line and axis probe to the paster feed, this has just formed microstrip antenna.Traditional micro-band squaerial general work, in main mould mode, works in the TM01 pattern.Work in the symmetry of the microstrip antenna of this pattern due to pattern, so maximum radiation mode is perpendicular to antenna array.And if micro-band squaerial works in higher modes, as TM02, due to cancelling out each other of electric current on rectangular patch, can form " poor " directional diagram, the position that is the radiation minimum perpendicular to the place of antenna array.Along with the development of technology, people wish that the microband antenna unit directional diagram can be controlled, and the maximum of element pattern is pointed to the direction that can point to hope.But, because the microstrip element directional diagram is subject to the restriction of its own structure and working method, the maximum that the image antenna array changes aerial array by the magnitude-phase characteristics that changes unit in array is like that easily pointed to.According to our investigation, have at present two kinds of methods can realize the control of element pattern: (1) is by adopting different mode of operations when the designing antenna, but utilize this method control antenna element pattern, exist several shortcomings: 1, adopt higher mode working method antenna efficiency not high; 2, the maximum orientation angle is limited, only can realize the variation of fixed angle; 3, the size of antenna element changes, and for the variation that can realize in fixing frequency mode of operation often needs to increase or reduce the size of antenna, can very high requirement be arranged to overall dimension like this; 4, increase the difficulty of design.(2) by the dielectric-slab change in size of microstrip antenna, carry out the control unit directional diagram by the surface wave radiation, but this method be take volume as cost, if for the occasion of some compact conformations, the method is just inapplicable.As can be seen here, the control of microband antenna unit directional diagram not only realizes having its difficulty technically, in the engineering application, its purposes is widely also arranged.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of patent of the present invention is to control this technical problem for the microband antenna unit direction, provides a kind of directional diagram controlled microband antenna unit.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is: the microband antenna unit that a kind of directional diagram is controlled adopts the double-deck dielectric-slab stacked, ground floor dielectric-slab surface etching microband antenna unit; The upper surface of second layer dielectric-slab is comprised of metal ground and EBG metal patch, the lower surface of second layer dielectric-slab is complete metal ground, the EBG metal patch passes medium substrate by metallic vias and is connected with complete metal ground, the EBG metal patch is positioned at second layer dielectric-slab and is the matrix shape arrangement, every EBG metal patch is square, its length of side is 0.11 λ～0.13 λ, spacing on horizontal direction between adjacent two is 0.01～0.03 λ, and the distance on vertical direction between adjacent two is 0.02 λ～0.26 λ.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage: 1) by jointly form the metal ground of microstrip antenna by metal and EBG structure, and by changing the distribution situation of EBG structure in the metal ground, realize the control of microband antenna unit directional diagram, can make the maximum direction of element pattern point to change; 2) the EBG structure of microband antenna unit below is compared and is had different reflected phase will with the desired electrical wall, so the present invention does not need to change the mode of operation of original microband antenna unit; 3) the EBG structure only is distributed in the below of microband antenna unit, and the space of determinants not, so the present invention does not need to change the size of the medium substrate of original microband antenna unit.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the controlled microband antenna unit three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of directional diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the controlled microband antenna unit structure side view of directional diagram of the present invention.
The vertical view that Fig. 3 is microband antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is EBG structure vertical view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is EBG structure side view of the present invention.
The vertical view that Fig. 6 is the controlled microband antenna unit embodiment 1 of directional diagram of the present invention.
The vertical view that Fig. 7 is the controlled microband antenna unit embodiment 2 of directional diagram of the present invention.
The vertical view that Fig. 8 is the controlled microband antenna unit embodiment 3 of directional diagram of the present invention.
The measured drawing of the return loss that Fig. 9 is the controlled microband antenna unit embodiment of directional diagram of the present invention 1,2,3.
The two-dimensional directional figure that Figure 10 is the controlled microband antenna unit embodiment of directional diagram of the present invention 1,2,3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
The invention discloses the controlled microband antenna unit of a kind of directional diagram, adopt the double-deck dielectric-slab stacked, the microband antenna unit that a kind of directional diagram is controlled, adopt the double-deck dielectric-slab stacked, ground floor dielectric-slab 2 surface etching microband antenna units 1; The upper surface of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is comprised of metal ground 3 and EBG metal patch 4, the lower surface of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is complete metal ground 9, EBG metal patch 4 is connected with complete metal ground 9 through medium substrate 5 by metallic vias 8, described EBG metal patch 4 is matrix shape along second layer dielectric-slab 5 and arranges, every EBG metal patch 4 is square, its length of side is 0.11 λ～0.13 λ, spacing on horizontal direction between adjacent two is 0.01～0.03 λ, and the distance on vertical direction between adjacent two is 0.02 λ～0.26 λ.Multi-disc EBG metal patch 4 is arranged and is called row in the horizontal direction, and the line space between every row EBG metal patch 4 and every row EBG metal patch 4 is from equating.The thickness of ground floor dielectric-slab 2 is 0.1 λ～0.49 λ, and dielectric constant range is 2～15, and the thickness of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is 0.03 λ～0.05 λ, and dielectric constant range is 2～15.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the upper surface etching microband antenna unit 1 of ground floor dielectric-slab 2, the area of two layer medium plate is all 50mm * 50mm, and the thickness of ground floor dielectric-slab 2 is 3.5mm, and dielectric constant is 2.7; The upper surface of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is comprised of metal ground 3 and EBG metal patch 4, and the lower surface of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is that complete metal ground 9 microband antenna units 1 carry out feed by coaxial probe 6, and the thickness of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is 2mm, and dielectric constant is 2.2.Microband antenna unit 1 is the rectangular metal paster, it is of a size of 21.6mm * 11.4mm, work in TM01 master's mould pattern, microband antenna unit 1 has U-shaped gap 7 and is etched on ground floor medium substrate 2, the dielectric constant of ground floor medium substrate 2 is 2.7, thickness is 3.5mm, the width in U-shaped gap is 0.55mm～0.65mm, the U-shaped gap spacing be parallel to each other is 9～11mm, their length is 14.5mm～16.5mm, the top edge in U-shaped gap is 3～3.2mm apart from the distance of microband antenna unit 1 top edge, and carries out feed by coaxial probe 6.Can regulate the impedance of microstrip antenna by the size in U-shaped gap, make it reach better impedance matching situation.
In conjunction with Fig. 4, Fig. 5, EBG metal patch 4 is arranged according to the homogeneous matrix shape, and every EBG metal patch 4 is of a size of 6mm * 6mm, and spacing is 1mm.By the EBG metal patch 4 of metal throuth hole 8 ground connection, wherein metal throuth hole 8 is connected with complete metal ground 9 through on second layer dielectric-slab 5, and the diameter of metallic vias 8 is 0.5mm.
In conjunction with Fig. 2 or 6, the microband antenna unit that a kind of directional diagram is controlled, adopt the double-deck dielectric-slab stacked, and the area of two layer medium plate is all 50mm * 50mm, ground floor dielectric-slab 2 surface etching microband antenna units 1, and it is of a size of 21.6mm * 11.4mm; Microband antenna unit 1 has U-shaped gap 7 and is etched on ground floor medium substrate 2, the dielectric constant of ground floor medium substrate 2 is 2.7, thickness is 3.5mm, the width in U-shaped gap is 0.6mm, the U-shaped gap spacing be parallel to each other is 10mm, their length is 15.5mm, and the top edge in U-shaped gap is 3.1mm apart from the distance of microband antenna unit 1 top edge, and carries out feed by coaxial probe 6.The upper surface of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is comprised of metal ground 3 and EBG metal patch 4, the lower surface of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is complete metal ground 9, EBG metal patch 4 is connected with complete metal ground 9 through second layer dielectric-slab 5 by metallic vias 8, the thickness of ground floor dielectric-slab 2 is 3.5mm, dielectric constant is 2.7, and the diameter of metallic vias 8 is 0.5mm.Metal ground 3 and row EBG metal patch 4 common base plates that form microband antenna unit 1, EBG metal patch 4 is square, and its length of side is 6mm, and the edge of EBG metal patch 4 close second layer dielectric-slabs 5 and the edge of second layer dielectric-slab 5 are at a distance of 1mm; This row has 7 EBG metal patches 4, and every EBG metal patch 4 level intervals are 1mm.The S parameter amplitude curve figure of actual measurement now is as shown in solid line in Fig. 9, the two-dimentional microband antenna unit directional diagram of actual measurement is as shown in solid line in Figure 10, the maximum beam position that can see element pattern has been displaced to 16 degree, and the wave beam of common microstrip antenna is to be offset, directional diagram that thus can control antenna.Can also increase or reduce the quantity of EBG metal patch 4 on this technical scheme, the sheet number of the EBG metal patch 4 of common every enforcement use is 3～7.
In conjunction with Fig. 2 or 7, on the basis of embodiment, further improvement can obtain the controlled microband antenna unit of a kind of directional diagram, adopt the double-deck dielectric-slab stacked, the area of two layer medium plate is all 50mm * 50mm, ground floor dielectric-slab 2 surface etching microband antenna units 1, it is of a size of 21.6mm * 11.4mm; Microband antenna unit 1 has U-shaped gap 7 and is etched on ground floor medium substrate 2, the dielectric constant of ground floor medium substrate 2 is 2.7, thickness is 3.5mm, the width in U-shaped gap is 0.6mm, the U-shaped gap spacing be parallel to each other is 10mm, their length is 15.5mm, and the top edge in U-shaped gap is 3.1mm apart from the distance of microband antenna unit 1 top edge, and carries out feed by coaxial probe 6.The upper surface of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is comprised of metal ground 3 and EBG metal patch 4, the lower surface of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is complete metal ground 9, EBG metal patch 4 is connected with complete metal ground 9 through second layer dielectric-slab 5 by metallic vias 8, the thickness of ground floor dielectric-slab 2 is 3.5mm, dielectric constant is 2.7, and the diameter of metallic vias 8 is 0.5mm.Metal ground 3 and the common base plate that forms microband antenna unit 1 of 3 row EBG metal patch 4, from top to bottom the quantity of every row EBG metal patch 4 is respectively 7,3,3, and the two row EBG metal patches 4 that wherein quantity is 3 are positioned at the central authorities of second layer dielectric-slab 2 horizontal directions; The top edge of the most up EBG metal patch 4 and the top edge of second layer dielectric-slab 5 are at a distance of 1mm, and the spacing of every row EBG metal patch 4 is 1mm.The S parameter amplitude curve figure of actual measurement now as shown in phantom in Figure 9, the microband antenna unit directional diagram of emulation as shown in phantom in Figure 10, the maximum beam position that can see element pattern has been displaced to 22 degree, obtained larger deviation angle, can change the distribution of EBG metal patch 4 thus, change the beam position of microband antenna unit.Can also can also increase or reduce the quantity of every row EBG sheet metal 4 on this technical scheme according to actual demand, the sheet number of the EBG metal patch 4 of common every enforcement use is 3～7.
In conjunction with Fig. 2 or 8, embodiment 2 is improved and can obtain the controlled microband antenna unit of a kind of directional diagram, adopt the double-deck dielectric-slab stacked, the area of two layer medium plate is all 50mm * 50mm, ground floor dielectric-slab 2 surface etching microband antenna units 1, it is of a size of 21.6mm * 11.4mm; Microband antenna unit 1 has U-shaped gap 7 and is etched on ground floor medium substrate 2, the dielectric constant of ground floor medium substrate 2 is 2.7, thickness is 3.5mm, the width in U-shaped gap is 0.6mm, the U-shaped gap spacing be parallel to each other is 10mm, their length is 15.5mm, and the top edge in U-shaped gap is 3.1mm apart from the distance of microband antenna unit 1 top edge, and carries out feed by coaxial probe 6.The upper surface of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is comprised of metal ground 3 and EBG metal patch 4, the lower surface of second layer dielectric-slab 5 is complete metal ground 9, EBG metal patch 4 is connected with complete metal ground 9 through second layer dielectric-slab 5 by metallic vias 8, the thickness of ground floor dielectric-slab 2 is 3.5mm, dielectric constant is 2.7, and the diameter of metallic vias 8 is 0.5mm.Metal ground 3 and the common base plate that forms microband antenna unit 1 of 4 row EBG metal patch 4, from top to bottom the quantity of every row EBG metal patch 4 is respectively 7,3,3,3, and the 3 row EBG metal patches (4) that wherein quantity is 3 are positioned at the centre of second layer dielectric-slab 2 horizontal directions; The edge of the one EBG metal patch (4) edge and second layer dielectric-slab (5) is at a distance of 1mm, above the line space of EBG metal patch 4 of three row be 1mm, the line space of the third line and fourth line EBG metal patch 4 is d=18.5mm.The S parameter amplitude curve figure of actual measurement now is as shown in dotted line in Fig. 9, and the microband antenna unit directional diagram of emulation, as shown in dotted line in Figure 10, can see that the maximum beam position of element pattern has been displaced to 31 degree, and it is large that deviation angle constantly becomes.Can also can also increase or reduce the quantity of every row EBG metal patch 4 on this technical scheme according to actual demand, the sheet number of the EBG metal patch 4 of common every enforcement use is 3～7.
Traditional microband antenna unit needs the floor of the metal level of intact as antenna element.To replace by the EBG structure metal level of part in this patent.The EBG structure is electromagnetic bandgap structure, and it is that periodic arrangement by a fixed structure realizes the performance in some frequency band.Here we have applied its can realize ideal characteristic of magnetic wall.We know that traditional metal covering can be considered as the desired electrical wall in emi analysis, and desirable magnetic wall is non-existent at occurring in nature.By EBG, such periodic structure can be realized the performance of some desirable magnetic wall.The principle different from reflected phase will on electric wall realizes the control of element pattern in EBG structural reflected phase will to have applied electromagnetic wave in this patent.Therefore, with common microstrip antenna, compare, the present invention can obtain the skew of wave beam by increasing or reduce EBG metal patch 4, reach the purpose of controlling the microband antenna unit directional diagram.
Claims (5)
1. the microband antenna unit that directional diagram is controlled, adopt the double-deck dielectric-slab stacked, ground floor dielectric-slab [2] surface etching microband antenna unit [1], the upper surface of second layer dielectric-slab [5] is comprised of metal ground [3] and EBG metal patch [4], the lower surface of second layer dielectric-slab [5] is complete metal ground [9], EBG metal patch [4] is connected with complete metal ground [9] through second layer dielectric-slab [5] by metallic vias [8], it is characterized in that: described EBG metal patch [4] is along second layer dielectric-slab [5] shape that matrix shape is arranged or matrix combines and arranges, every EBG metal patch [4] is square, its length of side is 0.11 λ～0.13 λ, spacing on horizontal direction between adjacent two is 0.01 λ～0.03 λ, distance on vertical direction between adjacent two is 0.02 λ～0.26 λ.
2. the controlled microband antenna unit of directional diagram according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the thickness of ground floor dielectric-slab [2] is 0.1 λ～0.49 λ, and dielectric constant range is 2～15.
3. the controlled microband antenna unit of directional diagram according to claim 1, the thickness that it is characterized in that second layer dielectric-slab [5] is 0.03 λ～0.05 λ, dielectric constant range is 2～15.
4. the controlled microband antenna unit of directional diagram according to claim 1 is characterized in that: every EBG metal patch [4] is connected with complete metal ground [9] through second layer dielectric-slab [5] by metallic vias [8], and the diameter of metallic vias [8] is 0.01 λ.
5. according to claim 1,2, the controlled microband antenna unit of 3 or 4 described directional diagram, it is characterized in that: microband antenna unit [1] has U-shaped gap [7] and is etched on ground floor dielectric-slab [2], the dielectric constant of ground floor dielectric-slab [2] is 2.7, thickness is 3.5mm, the width in U-shaped gap is 0.55mm～0.65mm, the U-shaped gap spacing be parallel to each other is 9～11mm, their length is 14.5mm～16.5mm, the top edge in U-shaped gap is 3～3.2mm apart from the distance of microband antenna unit [1] top edge, and carries out feed by coaxial probe [6].
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| CN102509894A (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2012-06-20 | 李亚丁 | Small circularly polarized high gain antenna with reduced sidelobe |
| CN103401078A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-11-20 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Manufacture method for EBG frequency reconfigurable antenna capable of loading variable capacitance diode |
| CN104518274B (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2017-11-07 | 北京壹人壹本信息科技有限公司 | Antenna, method for manufacturing antenna and mobile terminal |
| CN103794848B (en) * | 2014-01-18 | 2016-04-20 | 中国计量学院 | There is the Fractal Tree structural antenna of double layer substrate |
| CN103985961B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-09-14 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | A kind of electromagnetic bandgap structure, electromagnetic bandgap structure combination and mobile terminal mimo antenna |
| CN107437664A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-12-05 | 西安电子科技大学昆山创新研究院 | A kind of trap characteristic circular polarised array antenna with loading artificial magnetic conductor |
| CN108923125A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-30 | 河南安伏众电子科技有限公司 | Low radar scattering cross section micro-strip paster antenna based on frequency-selective surfaces |
| CN111916900B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2023-02-28 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Integrated directional antenna |
| CN110112552A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-09 | 长安大学 | A kind of X-band negative magnetic-inductive capacity material wideband microstrip antenna and preparation method thereof |
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| JP2008283381A (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-20 | Univ Of Fukui | Antenna device |
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| JP2008283381A (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-20 | Univ Of Fukui | Antenna device |
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