CN106665441B - 一种高产小龙虾的养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,尤其是一种高产小龙虾的养殖方法,具体方法如下:(1)虾苗投放与养殖池的日常清理:5月上旬,投放前将虾苗投入到浸泡液中浸泡,养殖池彻底清塘后注水;投放后每隔15~17天全池均匀泼洒一次由荷叶碱、水飞蓟提取物、水杨甙制成的杀菌粉;(2)饵料的日常投喂:虾苗投放后,每日定时投喂饵料,饵料日投喂量为虾苗体重的4.3%~4.5%,每日投喂5次、每次投喂量均相同。本发明使得小龙虾黑鳃病降低至1.6%~1.7%、烂尾病降低至1.3%~1.4%、聚缩虫病降低至0.8%~1%、死亡率降低至0.6%~0.7%,使得3月后重量提高35.01%~37.88%,有效提高养殖户的经济收益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,尤其是一种高产小龙虾的养殖方法。
背景技术
小龙虾体内的蛋白质含量很高,且肉质松软,易消化,对身体虚弱以及病后需要调养的人是极好的食物;虾肉内还富含镁、锌、碘、硒等,镁对心脏活动具有重要的调节作用,能保护心血管系统,它可减少血液中胆固醇含量,防止动脉硬化,同时还能扩张冠状动脉,有利于预防高血压及心肌梗塞;另外,小龙虾还可入药,能化痰止咳,促进手术后的伤口生肌愈合。
营养价值如此丰富的小龙虾广受欢迎,但是在小龙虾的生长过程中极易发生黑鳃病、烂尾病、聚缩虫病,不但导致小龙虾的肉质和口感受到极大的影响,而且极大使得小龙虾生长缓慢、死亡率提高;因此,发明一种能够有效解决以上问题的小龙虾的养殖方法是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种高产小龙虾的养殖方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高产小龙虾的养殖方法,具体方法如下:
(1)虾苗投放与养殖池的日常清理
5月上旬,选择无病害、生长健壮、体长为2.7~2.9cm的虾苗,投放密度为3700~3800尾/亩,投放前将虾苗投入到浸泡液中浸泡24~26min,养殖池彻底清塘后注水;投放后每隔15~17天全池均匀泼洒一次由重量比为1:5.4~5.6:2.1~2.3的荷叶碱、水飞蓟提取物、水杨甙制成的杀菌粉;
所述的浸泡液,按以下步骤进行制备:将3.3~3.7重量份的羌活、6.6~7.4重量份的椿白皮、8~9重量份的钩藤、5.1~5.7重量份的牡丹皮、2.2~2.6重量份的桑白皮混合粉碎,加入2600~2700重量份的水大火煮沸,文火熬煮61~63min,过滤取煎煮液,趁热加入1.3~1.4重量份的丁香酚混合搅拌均匀,室温自然冷却,得浸泡液;
(2)饵料的日常投喂
虾苗投放后,每日定时投喂饵料,饵料日投喂量为虾苗体重的4.3%~4.5%,每日投喂5次、每次投喂量均相同;所述的饵料,由以下重量份的原料制成:白薇素0.11~0.13份、田螺肉74~78份、豆粕44~48份、花生仁68~72份、甘蔗汁4.4~4.8份、南瓜28~30份、新鲜苜蓿叶58~62份、新鲜巢蕨叶33~37份、新鲜桂花10~12份、蚯蚓粉21~23份、虎杖苷0.15~0.17份、白芍提取物0.32~0.34份、天葵子提取物0.24~0.26份、橄榄油3.1~3.3份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的杀菌粉每次的使用量为27~29g/亩。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的饵料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将新鲜苜蓿叶、新鲜巢蕨叶和新鲜桂花混合粉碎,投入到新鲜苜蓿叶重量2.1~2.3倍量的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮并不断搅拌至含水量为53%~55%,得花叶浆,备用;
(2)将豆粕粉碎,投入到温度为72~74℃的炒锅炒制18~20min,取出,与花叶浆和甘蔗汁混合搅拌均匀,置入温度为34~36℃的发酵箱密闭发酵66~70h,取出,备用;
(3)将南瓜洗净切块,投入到其重量1.5~1.7倍量的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮18~20min倒入打浆机打浆,得南瓜浆;将田螺肉粉碎,投入温度为-14~-12℃的真空冷冻干燥箱干燥至水分含量为6.2%~6.4%,得田螺肉粉;将花生仁投入温度为88~90℃的炒锅炒制7~8min,取出与南瓜浆、田螺肉粉和蚯蚓粉混合搅拌均匀,加入加热到83~85℃的橄榄油混合搅拌均匀,置入温度81~83℃的烘烤箱烘烤17~19min,取出,备用;
(4)将步骤(2)的备用原料、步骤(3)的备用原料、白薇素、虎杖苷、白芍提取物和天葵子提取物混合搅拌均匀、造粒、得饲料;袋装、灭菌、贴标签、得成品。
作为发明进一步的方案:本发明所使用的羌活、椿白皮、钩藤、牡丹皮和桑白皮的含量均以干重重量计。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供的一种高产小龙虾的养殖方法,虾苗投放前用本发明的浸泡液进行浸泡,有效杀灭虾苗携带的病菌与细菌,提高其抗菌和抗病能力,投放后定期泼洒本发明的杀菌粉,有效抑制水体病菌和寄生虫的滋生,且对虾体无伤害;每天定时饲喂本发明的饵料,易于消化吸收转化,有效促进虾体快速健康生长,其有效成分配合作用,有效提高虾体的抗病能力,使得肉质更加鲜嫩;本发明使得小龙虾黑鳃病病害率降低至1.6%~1.7%、烂尾病病害率降低至1.3%~1.4%、聚缩虫病病害率降低至0.8%~1%、死亡率降低至0.6%~0.7%,使得3月后重量提高35.01%~37.88%,有效提高养殖户的经济收益。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本发明实施例中,一种高产小龙虾的养殖方法,具体方法如下:
(1)虾苗投放与养殖池的日常清理
5月上旬,选择无病害、生长健壮、体长为2.7~2.9cm的虾苗,投放密度为3700~3800尾/亩,投放前将虾苗投入到浸泡液中浸泡24min,养殖池彻底清塘后注水;投放后每隔17天全池均匀泼洒一次由重量比为1:5.4:2.1的荷叶碱、水飞蓟提取物、水杨甙制成的杀菌粉;
所述的浸泡液,按以下步骤进行制备:将3.3重量份的羌活、6.6重量份的椿白皮、8重量份的钩藤、5.1重量份的牡丹皮、2.2重量份的桑白皮混合粉碎,加入2600重量份的水大火煮沸,文火熬煮61min,过滤取煎煮液,趁热加入1.3重量份的丁香酚混合搅拌均匀,室温自然冷却,得浸泡液;
(2)饵料的日常投喂
虾苗投放后,每日定时投喂饵料,饵料日投喂量为虾苗体重的4.3%,每日投喂5次、每次投喂量均相同;所述的饵料,由以下重量份的原料制成:白薇素0.11份、田螺肉74份、豆粕44份、花生仁68份、甘蔗汁4.4份、南瓜28份、新鲜苜蓿叶58份、新鲜巢蕨叶33份、新鲜桂花10份、蚯蚓粉21份、虎杖苷0.15份、白芍提取物0.32~0份、天葵子提取物0.24份、橄榄油3.1份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的杀菌粉每次的使用量为27g/亩。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的饵料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将新鲜苜蓿叶、新鲜巢蕨叶和新鲜桂花混合粉碎,投入到新鲜苜蓿叶重量2.1倍量的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮并不断搅拌至含水量为53%,得花叶浆,备用;
(2)将豆粕粉碎,投入到温度为72℃的炒锅炒制18min,取出,与花叶浆和甘蔗汁混合搅拌均匀,置入温度为34℃的发酵箱密闭发酵66h,取出,备用;
(3)将南瓜洗净切块,投入到其重量1.5倍量的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮18min倒入打浆机打浆,得南瓜浆;将田螺肉粉碎,投入温度为-14℃的真空冷冻干燥箱干燥至水分含量为6.2%,得田螺肉粉;将花生仁投入温度为88℃的炒锅炒制7min,取出与南瓜浆、田螺肉粉和蚯蚓粉混合搅拌均匀,加入加热到83℃的橄榄油混合搅拌均匀,置入温度81℃的烘烤箱烘烤17min,取出,备用;
(4)将步骤(2)的备用原料、步骤(3)的备用原料、白薇素、虎杖苷、白芍提取物和天葵子提取物混合搅拌均匀、造粒、得饲料;袋装、灭菌、贴标签、得成品。
实施例2
本发明实施例中,一种高产小龙虾的养殖方法,具体方法如下:
(1)虾苗投放与养殖池的日常清理
5月上旬,选择无病害、生长健壮、体长为2.7~2.9cm的虾苗,投放密度为3700~3800尾/亩,投放前将虾苗投入到浸泡液中浸泡25min,养殖池彻底清塘后注水;投放后每隔16天全池均匀泼洒一次由重量比为1:5.5:2.2的荷叶碱、水飞蓟提取物、水杨甙制成的杀菌粉;
所述的浸泡液,按以下步骤进行制备:将3.5重量份的羌活、7重量份的椿白皮、8.5重量份的钩藤、5.4重量份的牡丹皮、2.4重量份的桑白皮混合粉碎,加入2650重量份的水大火煮沸,文火熬煮62min,过滤取煎煮液,趁热加入1.35重量份的丁香酚混合搅拌均匀,室温自然冷却,得浸泡液;
(2)饵料的日常投喂
虾苗投放后,每日定时投喂饵料,饵料日投喂量为虾苗体重的4.4%,每日投喂5次、每次投喂量均相同;所述的饵料,由以下重量份的原料制成:白薇素0.12份、田螺肉76份、豆粕46份、花生仁70份、甘蔗汁4.6份、南瓜29份、新鲜苜蓿叶60份、新鲜巢蕨叶35份、新鲜桂花11份、蚯蚓粉22份、虎杖苷0.16份、白芍提取物0.33份、天葵子提取物0.25份、橄榄油3.2份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的杀菌粉每次的使用量为28g/亩。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的饵料的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本发明实施例中,一种高产小龙虾的养殖方法,具体方法如下:
(1)虾苗投放与养殖池的日常清理
5月上旬,选择无病害、生长健壮、体长为2.7~2.9cm的虾苗,投放密度为3700~3800尾/亩,投放前将虾苗投入到浸泡液中浸泡26min,养殖池彻底清塘后注水;投放后每隔15~17天全池均匀泼洒一次由重量比为1:5.6:2.3的荷叶碱、水飞蓟提取物、水杨甙制成的杀菌粉;
所述的浸泡液,按以下步骤进行制备:将3.7重量份的羌活、7.4重量份的椿白皮、9重量份的钩藤、5.7重量份的牡丹皮、2.6重量份的桑白皮混合粉碎,加入2700重量份的水大火煮沸,文火熬煮63min,过滤取煎煮液,趁热加入1.4重量份的丁香酚混合搅拌均匀,室温自然冷却,得浸泡液;
(2)饵料的日常投喂
虾苗投放后,每日定时投喂饵料,饵料日投喂量为虾苗体重的4.5%,每日投喂5次、每次投喂量均相同;所述的饵料,由以下重量份的原料制成:白薇素0.13份、田螺肉78份、豆粕48份、花生仁72份、甘蔗汁4.8份、南瓜30份、新鲜苜蓿叶62份、新鲜巢蕨叶37份、新鲜桂花12份、蚯蚓粉23份、虎杖苷0.17份、白芍提取物0.34份、天葵子提取物0.26份、橄榄油3.3份。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的杀菌粉每次的使用量为29g/亩。
作为发明进一步的方案:所述的饵料的制备方法与实施例1相同。
使用实施例的养殖方法与对比例小龙虾的普通养殖方法养殖无病害、生长健壮、体长为2.7~2.9cm的虾苗12亩,平均分为4组,每组3亩,养殖3个月,统计其黑鳃病病害率、烂尾病病害率、聚缩虫病病害率、死亡率、3月后相对增重率,实验对比结果如下表:
表1 实施例和对比例的对比结果
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例 | |
黑鳃病病害率(%) | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 8.8 |
烂尾病病害率(%) | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 8.2 |
聚缩虫病病害率(%) | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 6.7 |
死亡率(%) | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 6.1 |
3月后相对增重率(%) | 35.01 | 36.13 | 37.88 | —— |
从表1可以看出,本发明的的养殖方法使得小龙虾黑鳃病病害率降低至1.6%~1.7%、相对对比例小龙虾的普通养殖方法降低7.1%~7.2%,使得烂尾病病害率降低至1.3%~1.4%、相对对比例小龙虾的普通养殖方法降低6.8%~6.9%,使得聚缩虫病病害率降低至0.8%~1%、相对对比例小龙虾的普通养殖方法降低5.7%~5.9%,使得死亡率降低至0.6%~0.7%、相对对比例小龙虾的普通养殖方法降低5.4%~5.5%,使得3月后相对对比例小龙虾的普通养殖方法增重35.01%~37.88%。
Claims (3)
1.一种高产小龙虾的养殖方法,其特征在于,具体方法如下:
(1)虾苗投放与养殖池的日常清理
5月上旬,选择无病害、生长健壮、体长为2.7~2.9cm的虾苗,投放密度为3700~3800尾/亩,投放前将虾苗投入到浸泡液中浸泡24~26min,养殖池彻底清塘后注水;投放后每隔15~17天全池均匀泼洒一次由重量比为1:5.4~5.6:2.1~2.3的荷叶碱、水飞蓟提取物、水杨甙制成的杀菌粉;
所述的浸泡液,按以下步骤进行制备:将3.3~3.7重量份的羌活、6.6~7.4重量份的椿白皮、8~9重量份的钩藤、5.1~5.7重量份的牡丹皮、2.2~2.6重量份的桑白皮混合粉碎,加入2600~2700重量份的水大火煮沸,文火熬煮61~63min,过滤取煎煮液,趁热加入1.3~1.4重量份的丁香酚混合搅拌均匀,室温自然冷却,得浸泡液;
(2)饵料的日常投喂
虾苗投放后,每日定时投喂饵料,饵料日投喂量为虾苗体重的4.3%~4.5%,每日投喂5次、每次投喂量均相同;所述的饵料,由以下重量份的原料制成:白薇素0.11~0.13份、田螺肉74~78份、豆粕44~48份、花生仁68~72份、甘蔗汁4.4~4.8份、南瓜28~30份、新鲜苜蓿叶58~62份、新鲜巢蕨叶33~37份、新鲜桂花10~12份、蚯蚓粉21~23份、虎杖苷0.15~0.17份、白芍提取物0.32~0.34份、天葵子提取物0.24~0.26份、橄榄油3.1~3.3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高产小龙虾的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述的杀菌粉每次的使用量为27~29g/亩。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高产小龙虾的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述的饵料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将新鲜苜蓿叶、新鲜巢蕨叶和新鲜桂花混合粉碎,投入到新鲜苜蓿叶重量2.1~2.3倍量的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮并不断搅拌至含水量为53%~55%,得花叶浆,备用;
(2)将豆粕粉碎,投入到温度为72~74℃的炒锅炒制18~20min,取出,与花叶浆和甘蔗汁混合搅拌均匀,置入温度为34~36℃的发酵箱密闭发酵66~70h,取出,备用;
(3)将南瓜洗净切块,投入到其重量1.5~1.7倍量的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮18~20min倒入打浆机打浆,得南瓜浆;将田螺肉粉碎,投入温度为-14~-12℃的真空冷冻干燥箱干燥至水分含量为6.2%~6.4%,得田螺肉粉;将花生仁投入温度为88~90℃的炒锅炒制7~8min,取出与南瓜浆、田螺肉粉和蚯蚓粉混合搅拌均匀,加入加热到83~85℃的橄榄油混合搅拌均匀,置入温度81~83℃的烘烤箱烘烤17~19min,取出,备用;
(4)将步骤(2)的备用原料、步骤(3)的备用原料、白薇素、虎杖苷、白芍提取物和天葵子提取物混合搅拌均匀、造粒、得饲料;袋装、灭菌、贴标签、得成品。
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