CN106661875A - An apparatus, system and method for utilizing thermal energy - Google Patents

An apparatus, system and method for utilizing thermal energy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106661875A
CN106661875A CN201580046301.0A CN201580046301A CN106661875A CN 106661875 A CN106661875 A CN 106661875A CN 201580046301 A CN201580046301 A CN 201580046301A CN 106661875 A CN106661875 A CN 106661875A
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heat
turbine
pressure
liquid
lubrication groove
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CN106661875B (en
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罗伯特·克雷默
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/10—Venturi scrubbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/32—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with pressure velocity transformation exclusively in rotor, e.g. the rotor rotating under the influence of jets issuing from the rotor, e.g. Heron turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Abstract

A transonic two-phase reaction turbine for use with low and high temperature fluid flow mediums includes at least two wheels that are configured to rotate in opposite directions, at least one of the at least two wheels being equipped with one or multiple kinetic energy harvesters.

Description

For using the devices, systems and methods of heat energy
Cross-Reference to Related Applications
This application claims the rights and interests of U.S. Patent application No.62/019091 that on June 30th, 2014 submits to, this application is complete Text is herein incorporated by reference.
Background technology
The present invention relates to kinetic energy and thermal energy collecting, mixing, vacuum and pumping technology field, wherein can organize effectively dynamic The process of energy and thermal energy collecting, and by using in the liquid intergranular kinetic energy generation thrust in closing or open loop and very It is empty.
Plus the known method of hot liquid includes electric or steam-powered pump, indirectly and directly contact is supplied with from boiler Or the heat exchanger and injection apparatus of the heat energy of district heating system, wherein adding hot liquid (example by steam or hot water supply Such as referring to reference paper 1：Written " the performances and energy of the Fisonic equipment at joint Edison's test facilities of Chinese mugwort. Ao Like Demonstration (Oliker, the I.Demonstration of Performance and Energy Efficiency of of effect Fisonic Devices at the Con Edison Test Facility) ", New York energy research and development agency report Accuse No. 20346 (NYSERDA Report#20346).The water of heating is transported to consumer (terminal use).Heat energy will added Amount is passed to after user, and the cooling liquid/condensate collected within the condenser conveys in the closed circuit return by pump Thermal source and circulation repeat again.When fluid is not returned from terminal use, to system fluid replacement is provided.The method consumes phase When substantial amounts of heat energy and pumping energy are used to heating and conveying liquid.
In the industry using many ejection-type equipment for heating and conveying liquid, steam, gas and solid material.This A little ejection-type equipment are de-superheated device (Venturi de-superheater), steam jet ejector, jet exhaust device including venturi With compressor, ejector and ejector vacuum pump.
Typical ejection-type equipment is made up of three major parts：Aggregation (work) nozzle surrounded by suction room, mixing Nozzle and bubbler.The stream (stream) of work (motion) and injection (entrainment) enters mixing nozzle, in mixing nozzle, speed By energy exchange, the pressure of balanced and mixture increases.Combination stream enters bubbler from mixing nozzle or multiple nozzles, Pressure further increases in bubbler.Bubbler is configured to be gradually lowered speed and is turned energy with loss as little as possible Change discharge pressure into.Ejection-type equipment is arrived the momentum transfer of workflow by directly contact in the case where mechanical energy is not consumed Injection stream.Ejection-type equipment needs continuous power with highly expanded and the operation of medium or high compression ratio.
During the interaction of with various speed two stream, the increase that the entropy of mixed flow occurs (mixes with reversible Compare), cause the reduced pressure of discharge stream.Therefore, typically, the discharge pressure of ejection-type equipment is higher than the pressure of injection stream, It but is below the pressure of workflow.
The shortcoming of ejection-type equipment is that ejection-type equipment uses high-caliber power execution work, it reduces outlet pressure Power, significantly reduces the effectiveness of primary power input ratio and needs continuous motive power.Therefore, these equipment cannot be used for By boost in pressure to more height output level.Other equipment such as can be utilized based on the equipment of so-called Fisonic technical operations Relatively low energy input simultaneously lifts initial thrust and heat load.This point is by developing two phase flow by Fisonic Technology designs Low-down Mach number and obtain it is micro (<0.1%) heat energy of system and convert thereof into power thrust and realize.
In Fisonic equipment (" FD equipment "), the water/fluid of injection is entered with the high speed parallel with the speed of workflow Mixing chamber.Water/the fluid for being injected is generally by the narrow circumferential channel supply around main jet.Mixing chamber generally has circle Cone-shaped.The optimized internal geometry of FD equipment causes workflow and injection stream to mix and accelerate, so as to produce across sound Fast condition, is cleaved into flow point molecule and is condition of plasma by the state change of mixed flow, and last by the micro- of stream The heat energy of little fraction is converted into physics thrust (pump head), wherein pressure of the discharge pressure higher than mixed flow.This phenomenon behind Main cause is that uniform two phase flow has high-compressibility.Demonstrate homogeneous two phase flow and there is bigger compressibility than pure air-flow.Cause This, in uniform two-phase mixture, particularly under transonic speed or Supersonic fast mode, heat energy can more effectively be changed into machinery Work(.
Velocity of sound in such systems is far below the velocity of sound in liquids and gases.It will be seen from figure 1 that minimum velocity of sound exists 0.5 time generation of volume ratio of stream.The key character of FD equipment also resides in the change parameter of discharge stream and end-user system downstream The independence of (such as back pressure), indicate FD equipment produce supersonic flow and not over Mach barrier downstream communication (or on Trip is also such).
With reference to Fig. 1, it can be seen that when there is no liquid --- ratio is equal to 1, if without gas --- ratio beta is equal to Zero.When the liquid for having 50% and 50% gas (two phase flow) --- ratio β be equal to 0.5, velocity of sound be far below in gas and In liquid.Velocity of sound formula is as follows：
Wherein：K=isentropic indexs, equal to specific heat ratio (ratio of specific heat)；P=pressure；P=media Density.In order to determine isentropic index, below equation is developed：
Wherein：kgThe isentropic index of gas in=mixture；The critical ratio of ε=pressure.
Used as the result that the motion impulse between workflow and injection stream is exchanged, the velocity of sound in mixing chamber is reduced.In mixing The stream of the porch of room (throat) has the speed equal to or more than local sonic speed.As the result that stream slows down, mixing chamber outlet The temperature and pressure at place increases.Under the saturation temperature of mixture, pressure becomes to be above saturation pressure.In specific design geometry Under shape, discharge pressure can increase several times than the pressure of working media.Liquid phase in mixing chamber has foam type (plasma Body) structure, it has the surface area of very high turbulence, therefore, compared with conventional surface type heat exchanger, the size of FD equipment It is very little.It should be pointed out that FD is constant flow devices.
Significant difference in said process occurs in little injection ratio.Reduce what is injected under constant steam flow rate The flow velocity of water/fluid causes water temperature to increase to the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure in mixing chamber, and due to being used to condense institute There is the shortage of the water of steam, and the heat exchange operation of FD equipment continues, so its pump-conveying property is proportionally reduced.The pattern is true Fixed minimum injection ratio.In such a mode, operation and geometrical factor affect the characteristic of FD equipment.With the increasing of injection ratio Plus, when the flow velocity (as the result that back pressure reduces) of the water of injection increases, the water temperature in mixing chamber is reduced.Simultaneously as mixed The speed closed in room increases, and hydraulic pressure is reduced.The flow velocity for increasing injection water causes in the pressure reduction into the porch of mixing chamber To the saturation pressure of the temperature of the water corresponding to heating.Back pressure reduces and is not result in increase water flow velocity, because entering in mixing chamber One step pressure drop is impossible.The pressure drop of the flow velocity for determining injection water can not be increased.Back pressure is further reduced under these conditions Cause the water flash distillation in mixing chamber.
The cavitation (cavitation) of the water in mixing chamber determines maximum (restriction) injection ratio.It should be noted that the operation Condition is the mode of operation of FD.FD is operated with highly expanded and small reduction ratio.
The nearest analysis of FD and test are reached a conclusion, that is, there is " cold " thermal conducting agent and there is no the situation of " cold " thermal conducting agent Under, it is possible to achieve the transformation of inside (between the granule) energy of superheated liquid to work(.Additionally, in the particular pressure value into device and Under specific internal geometric parameter, " cold " liquid sheet is gushed before rising in pressure and becomes two-phase medium.One is followed from this phenomenon Main important conclusion, i.e., at desired conditions, inside (power between the granule) energy of liquid can be converted into useful work.
Except the above, other themes disclosed herein are related to the production of mechanical work, particularly produce directly connecing for heat Tactile heat exchanger, and for driving electromotor, hydraulic pump, compressor, the hydraulic pressure of hot and biphase pump, pneumatic and steamturbine Machine.
Many buildings in the U.S. and in the world are used for space heating, cooling and domestic hot-water supply using steam.Steam Vapour condensate is sometimes returned to steam and generates source or be discharged into urban sewer system.In order to condensate temperature is reduced from 220F To about 110F (municipal sewage system requirement), condensed fluid mixes with cold drinking water.Such system is damaged with sizable electricity, heat and water Lose and the operation of sewage discharge speed.All rate of discharges all through assessment and are compensated.
Waste water is used for the existing replacement source of power generation includes Large steam (fossil and atomic energy), reciprocating internal combustion with Diesel power plant, the underground heat of chemical process and various industry, solar heat and bottoming cycle.Generally, the energy quilt for seething with excitement in waste water Heating power working fluid (binary cycle) is delivered to produce electric power.Because water or other waste streams only exist in moderately high moderate pressure Under, working fluid is operated in two phase region with low energy transformation efficiency (15 to 20%), and frequently suffers from poor durability.
In 2000, California energy commission supported a project (CEC-500-2005-079), its briefly (for The operating interval of a few minutes) prove that the two-phase turbine of the bending reaction expanding nozzle for having long can be in the whirlpool in whirlpool close 50% Operate under turbine efficiency.The water that turbine is used is heated to 435 °F and 350psig.Proposed invention and above-mentioned turbine The renewable waste liquid and gas being easy to get using low temperature is main difference is that, and application can produce very maximum discharge pressure thrust Advanced transonic speed nozzle.
Biphase reaction turbine for obtaining mechanical energy is known, and it includes the turbine for flowing radially outward, should Turbine has the rotor with nozzle, and the nozzle extends to rotor periphery, wherein per unit length spray from interior inlet passage Mouth has substantially constant pressure drop, has single order surface continuity along each nozzle surface, and is laterally adding without substantive Nozzle profile allows two phase flow under speed conditions.Turbine also has shell, and it is rotated by the flowing into shell nozzle, So as to produce extra mechanical work.
Known reaction turbine has the disadvantage in that：Maximum machine energy for turbine can not be obtained from its rotor, because The moment of torsion generated in the rotor during working media flows out from its passage is discharged limiting for pressure by environment.
Biphase reaction turbine for obtaining mechanical energy is known, and it includes for working media being fed to turbine In the passage of rotor and along the circumference perpendicular to rotor radius working media is being added during a direction is flowed out from passage Speed, and the rotation of rotor is provided.
The shortcoming of this known method is that the amount of obtained mechanical energy is not enough, because in working media by rotor Four passages flow out and working media is fed to by the space formed with the housing of blade turbomachine form and by shell During the moment of the opening turbine in body flows out, in the moment that the stream with the passage of rotor is contacted, the work between blade Be discharged as medium, " knocking down (knock out) ", so as to be accelerated to the speed of the stream from rotor channel, wherein using stream Part energy.It is right due to centrifugal force when opening in the housing by the form of radial blade formula turbine flows out There is loss in the acceleration of the working media in radial blade.Further, since flowed out by the opening in housing, between the blades Working media circulation during there is ventilation loss.Additionally, working media is differing markedly from the speed of the rotary speed of housing Spend from the rotation housing in radial blade turbine form and flow out, this causes energy loss.
A kind of injecting type reaction turbine is it is known that, it has the active wheel of the pipe for being formed as having closing end, the pipe Coaxially it is connected with axle, is arranged with the probability for rotating, wherein at least has the pipeline of open end for a pair in opposite side footpath To being fixed on pipe, housing is arranged with rotating and around the probability of wheel, shell is around wheel is with housing and has for arranging The opening of axle, and nozzle be used for supply and discharge working media.At least one pair of pipe with open end is fixed in opposite side On housing.Housing and active wheel are arranged in same axis.
The shortcoming of this known turbines is that it is fixedly connected housing and the active wheel being arranged on single axle, and Rotary work wheel and housing on one direction, this offer only obtains mechanical energy from a housing, and the pipeline of active wheel only passes through The element of turbine throttles to working media supply pressure, and this causes useless energy loss and low turbine efficiency.
Radial turbine with two axles is known, and it has Sai Gena (Segner) wheels for being formed as pipe, the plug Ge Na wheels have the closing end being coaxially connected with axle and are disposed with the probability of rotation, at least one pair of footpath on the opposite sides Pipe is fixed on upwards above and with the open end of the relative lateral bend in its axis, the wherein axle of the curved openings end of pipeline Line which provides pipeline tapping corresponding with pipeline perpendicular to the plane of the axis of the axis and pipe for extending through this pair of pipeline Wall, housing is coaxially connected with axle and housing be disposed with rotation probability and around Sai Gena wheel, around Sai Gena The shell of wheel and with for arranging the axle and the opening of housing of pipe that Sai Gena takes turns and Sai Gena wheels, and for making work The nozzle that medium flows out.Housing is formed as blade turbomachine.
The shortcoming of this known turbines is, in the housing for being formed as blade turbomachine, blade is along the turbine end Disk is fixed to, this increased the centrifugal load on blade because of extra torque, and the component of fixed blade can not bear high negative Carry, this needs the efficiency for reducing the peripheral speed of blade turbine and reducing blade turbine.In order to pass through between the blades, carry out rotation The working medium fluid of the nozzle of son must be pointed to certain angle determined by blade shape and from the shape of the stream of nozzle Blade.In known turbine, the working media stream from nozzle is fed on blade with different angles, and this averagely causes It is acceptable for the turbine with individual nozzle device to increase angle and cause efficiency to reduce.
Cause what is produced because of the aerial circulation for generating working media in rotor using hollow rotor (Sai Gena wheels) Friction loss, counter current of the circulation because of viscosity on wall and in the mid portion of the hollow bulb of rotor (Sai Gena wheels) (or In other words, a pair of rotations are formed) and be entrained.Therefore, have lost the power obtained from the rotor with hollow bulb.With from Working media is supplied in four nozzles of the rotor (Sai Gena wheels) for rotating in mutually opposite directions to housing (vane type turbine) part, In the moment that the stream with the nozzle from rotor is contacted, under low pressure the working media between blade is discharged, quilt " is hit ", the speed of the stream supplied from the nozzle of rotor is accelerated to, the part energy of stream is used for the speed.
In housing (blade turbomachine), there is the acceleration loss of the working media in radial blade due to centrifugal force. Further, since the opening in by housing flow out during circulation between blade or working media and produce ventilation loss (loss for ventilation).In addition, from the rotation housing of vane type turbine form, working media is with obvious and housing The different speed of rotary speed flow out, this causes energy loss.
Due to using blade turbomachine as housing, it is known that turbine also there is complicated structure and manufacture for it Complex technology.
The method for obtaining mechanical energy from turbine is known, and the method includes, working media is fed to into turbine In the passage of rotor, circumferentially working media is accelerated when a direction is flowed out from passage in working media, and generally arrived Radius up to rotor will be produced to rotate rotor in the housing that the working fluid of rotor channel is fed to above rotor In raw space, wherein when the opening by housing flows out, workflow is interacted by friction with housing, so as at one Accelerate and make housing to rotate on direction, so as on the exit opening direction along rotor channel in the housing formed closing and The space that circumferentially radius extends, and accelerate the working fluid for circumferentially flowing out by the opening of housing, and generally To with the radius with the direction in opposite direction flowed out from rotor to housing.
The shortcoming of this known method is that the amount of obtained mechanical energy is not enough because nozzle be not transonic speed type and And extra-push model is not provided.
Although above-mentioned existing system is applied to its expected purpose, still in terms of the heat energy of liquid is collected, while changing Enter the efficiency of heat collection and need to improve in the stable operation of system in wide-range operating parameter, although and existing heat Water and collecting condensation system are applied to its expected purpose, but still need and improve, and are especially to provide improvement global cycle thermal effect The system of rate.
The content of the invention
Embodiments of the invention include for the biphase reaction whirlpool of transonic speed that low temperature and temperature flowing medium are used together Turbine.The turbine includes at least two wheels for being configured to rotate in opposite directions, and at least one of at least two wheel is matched somebody with somebody Have one or more kinetic energy collecting devices.
Embodiments of the invention include the biphase reaction turbine of transonic speed, and the turbine has at least one rotor, and this is extremely A few rotor has multiple kinetic energy collecting devices.Each kinetic energy collecting device be arranged and configured under stress by the first heat carrier or Many heat carriers are received in first jet, and the second heat carrier is received in second nozzle, and the second heat carrier compares first Heat carrier is colder, and second nozzle is limited with being at least partially based on the pressure and temperature of the heat carrier or multiple heat carriers, flowing Distance be arranged on first jet downstream.Each kinetic energy collecting device is included in the mixing chamber between first jet and second nozzle, Mixing chamber is configured to the first heat carrier and the mixing of the second heat carrier to produce two-phase mixture, second nozzle be placed on away from The discharge thrust for being lifted is produced at the distance that first jet is limited.Each mixing chamber is constructed such that the heat load of two-phase mixture Body reduced pressure and a speed is decelerated to, in two-phase mixture, or the first heat carrier at such speeds or the second heat carrier At least one or both is boiled into the uniform two-phase medium with minute bubbles, the two-phase medium be highly compressible medium and Sonic condition with the Mach number more than 1.Each second nozzle is configured to assemble and compress two-phase medium stream, so that little Bubble is collapsed and two-phase mixture is changed over into the incompressible single-phase flow medium with increased power thrust.Each is moved Energy catcher also includes being arranged on the discharge portion in second nozzle downstream, and each discharge portion is arranged and configured to discharge has what is increased The single-phase flow medium of power thrust, with all high retroaction pressure of the input pressure of the heat carrier of producing ratio first and the second heat carrier Power, to drive rotor in a rotative pattern, wherein, as a result it is that each kinetic energy collecting device produces heat energy and kinetic energy.
These and other advantages and features in the following explanation for combining accompanying drawing by will be apparent from.
Description of the drawings
Specifically noting in the claims at description rear portion and being distinctly claimed is considered as subject of the present invention. By in specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the foregoing and other feature and advantage of the present invention be it will be apparent that In accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 shows the curve chart of relation between velocity of sound and gas and liquid volume ratio；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of Fisonic types equipment according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the system of the equipment for combining Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 to Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of the other embodiment of Fisonic type equipment according to other embodiments of the invention；
Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of the cogeneration system of the Fisonic type equipment for using Fig. 1 to Figure 16；
Figure 18 to Figure 20 is the schematic diagram of the heat pump of the Fisonic type equipment for using Fig. 1 to Figure 16；
Figure 21 is the biphase reaction turbine of transonic speed described with single line flow-chart form according to an embodiment of the invention With the schematic diagram of heat exchanger；
Figure 22 is the curve chart of rankine cycle according to an embodiment of the invention；And
Figure 23 to Figure 32 depicts the alternative reality of the thermal turbine electromotor for directly driving according to an embodiment of the invention Apply example.
Specific embodiment explains embodiments of the invention and advantages and features by reference to the example of accompanying drawing.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the invention provide supersonic speed kinetic energy collecting device, heat exchanger, blender, batcher (dozator), Change device, pasteurizer, be de-superheated device (de-superheater), pump, effusion meter/energy meter, emulsator, propeller, expansion Device and super condensate withdrawer (referred to herein as kinetic energy collecting device, or KEH).Embodiments of the invention are by using following article Described KEH produces kinetic energy and thermal energy collecting and substantially reduces the condition that heat energy and pumping energy are consumed.The enforcement of the present invention Example provides a kind of KEH, and the kinetic energy of the working fluid provided by speed-variable pump is converted into heat energy and pumping energy by it, and is provided Reliable, the stable and operation without cavitation of system.This provides advantage：Substantially reduce the energy of existing pump and conventional heat energy supply Amount is consumed.Embodiments of the invention may be fitted with degasser (deaerator), and it thoroughly removes incompressible from liquid Gas and substantially improve thermal energy collecting.KEH can also be operated in the case of without any external pump, as long as fluid is deposited It is in reactant mixing chamber and there is heat gain or incremental pressure, KEH will starts to operate and will pump fluid.
Property of the performance of the embodiment of KEH based on two phase flow, is the compressibility of their increases first.In order to improve The effectiveness and thermal energy collecting speed of KEH, cold liquid initially passes through in the boiler district heating, solar energy, underground heat, wind, biology The preheating of matter, fossil, nuclear energy, waste or chemical energy, and it is pumped (when equipment starts) in KEH.In KEH, in subsonics Single-phase liquid stream under the conditions of speed is converted to uniform two phase flow (plasma), and two phase flow is passed to comprising multiple microcosmic In the supersonic flow of steam bubble；Then collapse while vapour mixture in supersonic speed two phase flow generation, as a result will be biphase Circulation is changed into single-phase flow, so as to provide extra heat energy and some pump powers.The ability and multifunctionality of KEH allows to root According to the requirement of end user the ability of KEH is constructed to meet specific application.
The embodiment of KEH is made up of the bubbler that flank is guided equipped with geometry.Bubbler be connected to equipped with The ring of the multiple pipes with spiral rib on inner surface.Flank generates vortex, so as to cause to provide the centrifugation of effective liquid turbulence Effect.Afterwards, liquid enters open chamber.In the chamber, initial liquid stream is infused in concentric outerhose road again from the discharge portion of KEH The additional liquid stream of circulation.Mixed flow is further discharged into the coaxial nozzle at Lavalle (Laval) nozzle entrance.Drawing After Wa Er nozzles, fluid pressure is reduced to the value of the saturated vapor pressure not higher than corresponding to temperature of liquid.Under these conditions, Multiple steam bubbles are formed in a liquid.The length of Laval nozzle is predetermined length.
At Laval nozzle preset distance, liquid enters geometry nozzle, after-applied back-pressure, so as to cause pressure Fluctuation occurs, the steam component avalanche of two phase flow therein.During pressure oscillation, a range of vibration is generated, Promote collapsing for the new little steam bubble for being formed, this generates heat energy and increases the temperature of liquid and the thrust of liquid again.At this On point, a part of liquid is separated with main flow, and is recycled back into mixing chamber in the porch of KEH.Main liquid flow moves pre- spacing From, and geometry ring/sieve is entered afterwards, collect additional thermal energy in the geometry ring/sieve.Then, liquid enters conical drainage portion, The elevated liquid of temperature is discharged in tubing from the discharge portion.The recirculation of the part stream in KEH is allowed in wide scope The reliable and stable operator scheme of system is provided under systematic parameter (flow velocity, temperature and pressure).
Heated liquid is transported to heat user.The liquid flow of cooling can be recirculated back to boiler from user or other heat are defeated Enter source.Returning liquid can also be by degasser, and liquid is deaerated by depth in degasser.Remove incompressible gas in degasser Body and improve collection of energy process.In the recirculation circulation for repeating, main heat input and pump power is provided by KEH, and And the heat input of boiler and the pump power of pump are significantly reduced.When liquid is not returned from client, to KEH liquid make-up is provided.
Transition pressure (jump pressure) P2 is related to the pressure (Pbj) of device interior before transition (jump) Property by below equation describe：
(3)P2=kPbjM2…
In transonic speed or supersonic flow, homogeneous two phase flow is realized by reducing velocity of sound, this permits real at low flow rates Now equal to or more than the maximum number of one (M >=1).
The functioning equalization of KEH is described by below equation：
Wherein：
K=Cp/Cv；
Cp=specific heat at constant pressures；Cv=specific heat at constant volume；Under the following parameter of w, i, d-expression work, injection and discharge stream Mark：P=pressure, V=specific volumes；U=injection ratios, equal to the flow velocity and the ratio of working flow rate of injection.
The concrete property of KEH is closely related with the geometry of mixing chamber.Discharge pressure (Pd) after KEH is by following formula table Show：
Wherein：Tw1=Pi/Pw；w1The section of=main jet aerofluxuss；f3The section of=mixing chamber aerofluxuss；K1=working flow rate Degree coefficient；Diffusion flow velocity coeffficient；Twc=Pc/PwThe ratio of=pressure in the critical section of main jet and operating pressure Rate；λw1The ratio of speed and critical velocity of=the workflow under adiabatic flow；fwcThe section of=main jet critical section；U=is noted Enter coefficient.
Relation of the pressure (P2) of the porch in mixing chamber and injection ratio between is determined by below equation：
It is for the energy conservation equation with any compressible medium：
(7) dq=(K/k-1) P du+1/ (k -1) * u*dP+dqmp
For the incompressible fluid (k → ∞, dv=0) moved in adiabatic passage, unique thermal source is friction.Can not Compression fluid cannot act as by thermal energy into mechanical work working media.When equation (7) to be applied to gush a liter border in pressure During the section of the stream at place, situation is different, wherein the highly compressible two-phase mixture of vaporific structure is positioned at side, and Pressure gushes the single-phase liquid that the opposite side of liter section has minute bubbles steam (gas) and is positioned.
The thermally equilibrated condition that pressure is gushed in liter pattern is：
(8)ρ1d(1- β) * Δ q=ρg*β*r
(9) Δ q=(ρg/ρ1g)*r*(M2-1)
Wherein：The latent heat of r=phase transformations.Several conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of equation (9).First, At M<1, Δ q<0 It is the known processes of liquid evaporation cooling procedure.Second, Δ M=1, Δ q=0- are respectively in list of references 3 and list of references 4 Described in turbulent flow degradation phenomena, wherein list of references be Vulis, the written " aerodynamicss of air-flow of L.A. (Gasodynamics Of Gas Flows) ", Gosenergoizdat M, L.1950, for being moved close to near critical speed The internal problem of the gas of the exit portion of cylindrical channel, list of references 4 be Fisenko, V.V. and Sychikov, V.I. institutes Write " with regard to aerodynamic comperssibility influence (the On The Compressibility Effect On to two phase flow The Hydrodynamics Of Two-Phase Flows) ", the 6th phase (Journal of volume 32 of physical engineering periodical in 1977 Of Physical Engineering, 1977.V.32, No.6), for the flowing of the cylinder around the flowing of gas near-sonic speed External issues.For uniform two-phase mixture, problem is solved in list of references 5, and list of references 5 is Gukhman, A.A., Gandelsman, A.F. and Naurits, L.N. is written " with regard to flowed friction (the On The in fluid supersonic domain Hydraulic Resistance In The Supersonic Zone Of Flow) ", nineteen fifty-seven The phases of Energomashinostroenie the 7th.Finally, in M>1, Δ q>It is certain when 0 in list of references 6 by U.Potapov Internal geometry under the influence of liquid stream solve phenomenon, list of references 6 be Potapov, U.S./Fominskii, L.P.h and Potapov, S.U. written " vortex energy (Vortex Energy) ", the document sees www.transgasindustry.ru/books。
Under controlled geometry, heat, expense or combined effect in fluid flow, by the internal energy of liquid it is maximum can with Heat energy is released through below equation description：
(10)
Δ q=(Δ P/ ρ1d)*(M2/k-1)
Wherein：Differences of the Δ P=between the pressure and the back pressure of system that gush in rising that supply generates energy；With ρ ld= In the fluid density in KEH exits.
Experiment is it has been proved that internal geometry, temperature, pressure, chemical composition, addition sound wave, the electricity by changing KEH Combination and the gravity of stimulation, pipeline construction, gas and liquid, thus it is possible to vary and strengthen device parameter and generally increase collection Heat energy and pump power.
One embodiment of KEH 20 is illustrated in figs. 2 and 3.Liquid 1 is pumped and initially preheats in equipment 22, The equipment is such as but not limited to using the boiler of district heating, solar energy, underground heat, wind, biomass, fossil, waste or chemical energy. It should be understood that, although embodiment as herein described quotes the lineament of KEH, but invention required for protection should not be limited System.In certain embodiments, KEH is for example with the shape design of 360 degree of annular circular rings.After heating, liquid 1 be pumped ( During startup) in KEH 20.KEH 20 includes guiding the bubbler 2 of flank 3 equipped with geometry.Bubbler is connected to ring 4, equipped with multiple pipes 5, multiple pipes have on an internal surface spiral rib to the ring.Flank is configured to generation and causes centrifugal action Eddy flow, to provide the turbulent flow of liquid.Then, liquid enters open chamber 6.The length of mixing chamber can be according to end-use applications And change.In room 6, a part for initial liquid stream 1 is injected as extra liquid stream 7.Liquid flow 7 is in concentric outerhose road 8 By the outlet recirculation of the nozzle 11 of KEH 20.
Mixed flow is further discharged in the first Lavalle spraying nozzle 9 of compression single-phase liquid stream 7.In one embodiment In, one or more pressure transducers 36 are connected to the first Laval nozzle 9.Pressure transducer 36 is configured to that first will be indicated The signal of the pressure in Laval nozzle 9 is provided to liquid flow mearuement equipment 38.Liquid flow 7 is discharged into into the spray of the second Lavalle In mouth 10.Away from the preset distance of the second Laval nozzle 10, fluid enters nozzle 11.In one embodiment, through Bearing score The pressure of the single-phase liquid fluid after your nozzle is reduced to the value of saturated vapor pressure not higher than corresponding with temperature of liquid.At this Under the conditions of a little, multiple steam bubbles are formed in a liquid.After nozzle 11, partially liq stream is separated and through concentric tube 8 It is recycled to room 6.It has been found that the recirculation of the part stream inside KEH 20 allows to provide in broad range of systematic parameter The reliable and stable operator scheme of the system under (flow velocity, temperature and pressure).
In one embodiment, nozzle 11 provides two phase flow braking effect and produces counter-pressure, and the counter-pressure causes pressure The vapor composition avalanche of the appearance of fluctuation, wherein two phase flow, and two phase flow is transformed into into single-phase flow.In the process of pressure oscillation In, a range of vibration is generated, promote collapsing for microcosmic steam bubble, this collects heat energy and increases the temperature and liquid of liquid again Thrust.
Main liquid flow moves certain preset distance and enters in ring/sieve 12.After, main liquid flow is entered equipped with flank 14 conical drainage section 13, the liquid for rising high-temperature and thrust is discharged in tubing from the discharge section.In one embodiment In, tubing includes the conduit for making the part from the discharge stream of KEH 20 be back to pumping equipment 34.In exemplary reality In applying example, pumping equipment 34 is hydraulic turbine type pump or Fisonic ejector pumpes.
It should be appreciated that KEH 20 can include the additional nozzle or input component for supplying extra liquid and gas, the volume Outer liquids and gases are used to mix and produce homogeneous mixture and emulsion with main liquid stream.
In one embodiment, tubing 15 can be equipped with flash separator 24, the flash distillation heating in flash separator Water, steam separated and is fed to the such as building steam-heating system of end-use applications 26.Separator is connected to KEH 20, reduce the pressure in separator and water flash conditions are provided.
Then, the liquid or steam of heating are transported to into end-use applications 26.Once from Jing in end-use applications Heat energy is extracted in the liquid or steam of heating, then the liquid or condensate flow of cooling is recycled back into into boiler 22 or other heats Input source.Return recirculation line and may be also connected to degasser 28, liquid is deaerated to provide removal by depth in degasser Incompressible gas, supplement and expansion of liquids function.In one embodiment, degasser also serves as bloating plant.In Jing coolings Liquid not from terminal use using 26 return embodiments in, supplement water 30 be supplied to system 32.In the recirculation for repeating In circulation, the heat input of the heat input provided by KEH 20 and pump power and boiler makes the requirement of the pump 34 of system 32 notable Reduce.
In one embodiment, KEH utilize inter-particulate forces (kinetic energy of a kind of two-phase and multiphase medium), and for mixing, Temperature raises and produces the thrust and vacuum of liquids and gases.The system can include with boiler, district heating, solar energy, The heat input equipment of the form of underground heat, wind, biomass, fossil, waste or chemical energy, is connected to the pump of KEH (for initially opening It is dynamic), the pump produces the condition for collection of energy and by the liquid-driving of heating at open or close time of liquid medium The tubing of consumer is connected in the circulation of road, and it can include degasser.Technique effect is specific including being configured to The KEH of opereating specification.In one embodiment, thermal energy collecting temperature range should be between 110 DEG C and 250 DEG C.KEH is applied to each Plant industry, traffic, irrigation, sterilization, fire extinguishing, water/separating of oil, mixing, culinary art, heating, cooling and low quality utilization of energy.
Experiment is it has been proved that the internal geometry by changing KEH, temperature, pressure, chemical composition, addition sound wave, electricity The combination of stimulation, pipeline construction, gas and liquid and gravity can change and strengthen device parameter and dramatically increase results Kinetic energy and heat energy and pump power.
Fig. 4 to Figure 17 shows the different embodiments of KEH.The KEH 20 of Fig. 4 be shown in which KEH 20 as biphase or The embodiment that multiphase thermokineticss amplifier is performed.In this embodiment, KEH 20 has single Laval nozzle 9 and braking spray Mouth 11.In the fig. 4 embodiment, not used for the concentric pipe of a part of fluid stream of recirculation.But, conduit 40 is in Lavalle Fluid stream is injected between the entrance of nozzle 9 and the entrance of nozzle 11, such as cold liquid heat carrier.
With reference now to Fig. 5, the embodiment that wherein KEH 20 is performed as supersonic speed kinetics amplifier is shown.In the enforcement In example, single Laval nozzle 9 is arranged in the downstream of bubbler 2.Discharge the liquid of Laval nozzle 9 and from concentric tubes 8 Recycled liquid be mixed and fed into brake jet 11.When nozzle 11 is discharged, liquid flow passes through the recirculation of concentric tubes 11, and Remainder is discharged by conical drainage section 13.
With reference now to Fig. 6, the embodiment that wherein FD 20 is performed as multistage high dynamic property amplifier is shown.In the enforcement In example, liquid flow 1 enters to enter the room 6 via bubbler 2.At the downstream preset distance of bubbler 2, the outlet of concentric tubes 8 makes again The liquid flow of circulation enters the room 6, so as to cause two fluid streams mixing.Blended stream is subsequently into the He of single Laval nozzle 9 Brake jet 11.The entrance of concentric tubes 8 is arranged in the exit of nozzle 11, so that a part of liquid flow recirculation, and The remainder of stream is discharged via the discharge section of row portion 13.
Fig. 7 shows the KEH 20 performed as the multiphase thermokineticss amplifier for mixing and many stream applications.Liquid Stream 1 is received by bubbler 2 and is delivered in room 6, and there liquid flow 1 mixes with the recycled liquid from concentric tubes 8.Jing The liquid of mixing flows into Laval nozzle 9.Second liquid stream is injected by conduit 40.Second liquid enters Laval nozzle 9 Inject between mouth and outlet.The liquid flow of the combination is arranged in going out for nozzle 11 into the entrance of brake jet 11, concentric tubes 8 At mouthful, to cause the recirculation flow of a part of fluid stream.The remainder of the fluid stream of mixing is discharged via discharge section 13.
Fig. 8 shows the KEH 20 performed as super propeller.In this embodiment, liquid 1 is received in bubbler 2 In and by multiple nozzles 42 enter to enter the room 6.Liquid by Laval nozzle 9 and with the recycled liquid from concentric tubes 8 Combination.Concentric tubes inject recycled liquid in the upstream of outlet 44 outside Laval nozzle 9.From Laval nozzle 9 The liquid of liquid and recirculation mixes in the porch of brake jet 11.In this embodiment, outlet 44 and nozzle 11 enter The substantially common positioning of mouth.The entrance of concentric tubes 8 is arranged at the outlet of nozzle 11, so that a part of fluid stream Recirculation.The remainder of blended fluid stream is discharged via discharge section 13.
Fig. 9 shows the KEH 20 performed as multi input energy harvester.In this embodiment, liquid 1 is by diffusion Device 2 is simultaneously directed in the ring 4 with multiple pipes 5 by flank 3.Liquid enters to enter the room 6 by pipe 5.Conduit 40 by second liquid stream with And from the recycled liquid flood chamber 6 of concentric tubes 8.The liquid flow of the combination enters Laval nozzle 9.Inject from conduit 46 3rd liquid flow so that liquid 1, recycled liquid, second liquid stream and the 3rd liquid flow are mixed and fed into system in outlet 44 Dynamic nozzle 11.In this embodiment, the entrance of nozzle 11 and outlet 44 are positioned jointly.The entrance of concentric tubes 8 is arranged in spray At the outlet of mouth 11, to cause the recirculation of a part of fluid stream.The remainder of the fluid stream of mixing is via discharge section 13 Discharge.
Figure 10 shows the KEH 20 performed as the two-stage thermal energy collecting device with outside charging.In this embodiment, Liquid 1 is received in room 6 by bubbler 2.Then liquid flows through Laval nozzle 9.Outside feed conduit 40 is in row Export the outside of the Laval nozzle 9 injection second fluid stream of 44 upstreams.Liquid 1 and second fluid stream mix simultaneously at outlet 44 Into brake jet 11.At the outlet of nozzle 11, the ring 48 with multiple pipes receives liquid flow, so as to allow liquid to flow through Discharged by discharge section 13.
Figure 11 shows the KEH 20 performed as the energy utilization device of lower quality.In this embodiment, liquid 1 via Bubbler 2 receives the entrance 54 of Laval nozzle 9.Second fluid stream is coaxially injected at entrance 54 with liquid 1.In the reality In applying example, entrance 54 is substantially positioned jointly with the outlet of bubbler 2.The fluid stream flows of combination pass through Laval nozzle 9 simultaneously Into brake jet 11.The entrance of nozzle 11 is substantially common with outlet 44 to be positioned.Liquid flow discharges KEH via discharge section 13 20。
Figure 12 shows the KEH 20 performed as the energy harvester and propeller of combination.In this embodiment, liquid 1 By bubbler 2, and it is directed in the ring 4 with multiple pipes 5 by flank 3.Liquid enters to enter the room 6 by pipe 5.Liquid flows from room 6 Enter the first Laval nozzle.Second liquid stream is injected by the conduit 40 outside the first Laval nozzle 9.From the first Lavalle The liquid 1 and second liquid stream of nozzle 9 mixes at outlet 44.At the preset distance of outlet 44, the second Laval nozzle 10 liquid flows for receiving mixing.The outlet 56 of the second Laval nozzle 10 is arranged to substantially common with the entrance of brake jet 11 With positioning.Concentric tubes 8 inject recycled liquid at outlet 56.The entrance of concentric tubes 8 is arranged in the discharge of nozzle 11 At mouth 56, so that the recirculation of a part of fluid stream.The remainder of the fluid stream of mixing is discharged via discharge section 13.
Figure 13 shows the KEH 20 performed as Waste Heat Reuse scrubber.In this embodiment, first liquid 1 is via expansion Scattered device 2 is received and second liquid is received from coaxially arranged conduit 57.The two liquid flows are directed into multiple pipes 5 In ring 4, enter to enter the room 6.The two liquid flow guiding are mixed by the first used heat liquid flow with the conduit 40 in room 6.Group The mixture of conjunction by first group of wheel blade 58, in entering into second Room 59, liquid flow and the from conduit 46 in the second chamber Two used heat liquid flows are combined.The combination of the fluid is conducted through second group of wheel blade 60 and reaches discharge section 13.
Figure 14 is shown as the KEH 20 performed for such as pasteurization and the gas liquid mixing device for homogenizing. In the embodiment, liquid 1 is received to go forward side by side by bubbler 2 enters the room 6.Liquid flows into Laval nozzle 9 from room 6.In Laval nozzle 9 Outside injection second liquid stream.Mix with second liquid stream at outlet 44 from the liquid of the flowing of Laval nozzle 9.Then, The liquid of combination flows into brake jet 11.The entrance of nozzle 11 is substantially positioned jointly with outlet 44.By nozzle 11 it Afterwards, the liquid of combination is discharged via discharge section 13.
Figure 15 shows the KEH 20 performed as cavitation fever expansion device.In this embodiment, liquid 1 is via with the First conduit 72 of one diameter is entered.The impact flow of liquid is located at the cavitation device 76 in conical entrance 74.Then, liquid Body flows into the second conduit 78 with Second bobbin diameter and predetermined length.The diameter of the second conduit 78 is straight less than the first conduit 72 Footpath.By after the second conduit 78, liquid enters to enter the room 6 via bubbler 2.Room 6 has predetermined length and terminates at discharge section 13。
Figure 16 shows the KEH 20 as thermal energy collecting device and amplifier operation.In this embodiment, liquid 1 is by expanding Scattered device 2 and it is directed in the ring 4 with multiple pipes 5 by flank 3.Liquid enters to enter the room 6 by pipe 5, in room 6 with from concentric The recycled liquid mixing of conduit 8.The liquid of mixing flows into the first Laval nozzle 9 from room 6.The liquid of mixing is entering second Discharge from the first Laval nozzle 9 and flow before Laval nozzle 10 first preset distance.Then mixing liquid is entering system Flow the second preset distance before dynamic nozzle 11.The entrance of concentric tubes 8 is arranged at the outlet of nozzle 11, so that one Shunting body stream recirculation.At the outlet of nozzle 11, the ring 48 with multiple pipes receives liquid flow, so as to allow liquid to flow through Discharged by discharge section 13.In this embodiment, discharge section 13 includes the flank 62 of guiding stream.
With reference now to Figure 17, show using the system 100 of one or more in the embodiments of KEH described herein 20 Exemplary embodiment.System 100 is the heat and power system of combination, and to application, (such as manufacturing company or business do the system Public building) heat energy and electric energy are provided.
Aqueous emulsion part 102 is by the steam in the fuel of fuel tank 100 and transonic speed emulsifier unit 112.Jing The fuel of emulsifying is sent to boiler 114 by pump 116.Fuel is burned to produce steam.Steam is delivered to diarrhea of heat type by pump 118 With with gas purification transonic facility 120.Equipment 120 will be combined from the high-temperature flue gas of boiler 114, with its output section High-pressure and high-temperature steam mixture is produced at 122.The property of the output section 122 is applied in water vapour transonic turbine electromotor In 124.Electromotor 124 makes electromotor 126 rotate to produce electric power.It should be appreciated that the steam in the exit of electromotor 124 is mixed The condition of compound can be more than Mach number 1 (Mach 1).
Vapour mixture is delivered to transonic speed condenser 128 by the output section 128 of electromotor 124.In condenser 128, Two-phase steam from electromotor 124 is accelerated, and steam and condensate are realized after is mixed to form two-phase mixture, its Middle two phase mixture stream is passed to supersonic flow.Pressure change is realized in biphase supersonic flow, is led to during pressure change Cross collapsing and two phase flow is delivered in single-phase liquid subcritical flow by strong steam condensation for vapor bubbles.Meanwhile, it is cold Condensate condensed by strong steam in condensate and during pressure change collapsing for steam bubble and be heated, to form list Phase high-temp liquid.In one embodiment, hot liquid is additionally added in condenser 128 by adding the decelerating phase.
The single-phase high temperature subsonic speed liquid is flowed in the heat exchanger 130 with gas/water capacity.Heat exchanger is by heat energy Heat transmission medium, such as water are delivered to from single-phase liquid.Then the heat transmission medium can be used for such as space heating, Household hot Water or process heat.The single-phase liquid of cooling is delivered to degasser 132, such as cyclone type degasser from heat exchanger, and degasser will The air of entrainment is separated with liquid.By detached gas filtration and it is discharged in air.
Liquid is removed from degasser 132 and is delivered to condensate section 108 via pump 134.In condensate section 108, liquid Body stream is by transonic speed chemical reactor equipment 136 and into Vortex reactor 138.It is used to make again in transmission back boiler 114 With before, the liquid of condensation can be filtered using manifold-type filtering apparatuss 140.
With reference now to Figure 18 to Figure 20, showing to use such as is used for the KEH with heat pump 204 for heating house 206 The exemplary embodiment of 202 system 200.In the exemplary embodiment, system 200 is coupled to ground heat-seal loop-type surface water System 208.It should be understood that, although the embodiments herein is related to geothermal system, but claimed invention should not be limited System.The system includes receiving the heat transmission medium or the underground heat part 208 of coolant from heat pump 204.Coolant is from underground heat portion Divide 208 to discharge, and be delivered in KEH 202 via pump 210.The temperature and pressure of coolant increases by KEH 202, such as exists Described herein above.Coolant is discharged from KEH 202 and enters conduit 212.Expansion tank 214 is couple to conduit 212.Cooling Agent enters heat pump 204.When in cooling down operation pattern (Figure 19), heat pump 204 transfers heat to cold via heat exchanger 216 But agent.Then coolant is passed to underground heat part 208, and there heat energy is passed to ground.When in heating mode operation (Figure 20) when, coolant transfers heat to heat pump 204 via heat exchanger 216.Then, the coolant of Jing coolings is passed to Underground heat part 208, there coolant heated by ground.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided be couple to one or more KEH for being thermally generated equipment.Offer has The first device of multiple input units, the plurality of input unit includes being fluidly coupled to be thermally generated the first input unit of equipment and second defeated Enter portion.First pump of variable velocity is fluidly coupled that the first equipment will be fed to from the fluid of the equipment that is thermally generated.Degassing Device fluidly couples to receive fluid from the first equipment.In one embodiment, the device includes being fluidly coupled to the first equipment The second pump.Second equipment is fluidly coupled to the entrance of the second pump.3rd equipment is fluidly coupled to the output of the second pump. KEH improves fluid into the flowing of impeller of pump, thereby reduces electric consumption and increases fluid volume.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided including the KEH of the bubbler for being fluidly coupled to the first input unit. Bubbler has guiding flank, and wherein pump is flowed liquid in bubbler, and wherein bubbler is connected to the ring with multiple pipes, should Pipe has on an internal surface helical rib.Flank generates eddy flow, causes to cause the centrifugal action of liquid turbulization, wherein the One equipment includes the open chamber of adjacent loops.Multiple input units are arranged in being noted in the concentric outerhose of the discharge unit of first device Enter other liquid recycle stream.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a kind of KEH, in the mixing after open chamber in the KEH Fluid is further discharged in the coaxial nozzle of Laval nozzle porch.Single-phase liquid is pressed in Laval nozzle Contracting.Saturated vapor pressure not higher than corresponding with temperature of liquid is reduced in the pressure of the single-phase liquid stream after Laval nozzle Value forming multiple steam bubbles in liquid.The equipment includes the brake jet neighbouring with Laval nozzle.Brake jet quilt It is configured to produce two phase flow braking action and produce counter-pressure, the counter-pressure causes the appearance of pressure oscillation, wherein two phase flow Vapor composition cave in and two phase flow be transformed into into single-phase flow, wherein during pressure oscillation, generating a range of shaking Swing, so as to collapsing of promoting small vapor to steep, which increase temperature of liquid and liquid thrust.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a kind of KEH, a part for liquid is sprayed in braking in the KEH The downstream of mouth is separated and is recycled back into the entrance of room.Main discharging liquid stream moves preset distance and subsequently enters ring/sieve Section, thus the temperature of liquid further increases, and wherein main discharging liquid stream moves certain preset distance and enters afterwards Conical discharge section.In one embodiment, Laval nozzle includes that the pressure for being connected to outside liquid flow metering devices is passed Sensor.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a kind of KEH, the outlet of Laval nozzle and row in the KEH The distance between section is put with preliminary dimension.The entrance of Laval nozzle is equipped with perforation.From the part stream that discharge section is discharged Body is pumped back in hydraulic turbine type pump, and the hydraulic turbine type pump provides the fluid into pumping equipment.In one embodiment, One equipment also includes the extra liquid and the volume of gas for mixing and producing uniform mixture and emulsion with main liquid stream for supply Outer nozzle.In another embodiment, flash separator is fluidly coupled to discharge stream, and wherein the first equipment is configured to The shape of 360 degree of annular circular rings.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a kind of operational approach of KEH.The method includes under stress to At least one liquid heat carrier is supplied in nozzle, supplies cold liquid heat carrier, and mixing liquid heat carrier and cold liquid heat Carrier.Wherein carry out the one kind in two kinds of transformations using the liquid flow of liquid heat carrier mixture.First transformation is included heat load Body mixture accelerates to the speed of the heat carrier mixture or the boiling of at least one heat carrier in the mixture, and forms biphase Stream, wherein the latter is converted to into condition of the Mach number more than 1, is then converted to heat carrier mixture in the latter of two phase flow Change pressure in the case of subsonic speed liquid flow, and the heating of the liquid of heat carrier mixture is performed during pressure change. Second transformation includes for the liquid stream of heat carrier mixture accelerating at least one of heat carrier of heat carrier mixture or mixture The speed of boiling, and two phase flow is formed, wherein the latter is converted to into condition of the Mach number equal to 1, then slow down two phase flow, so as to Fluid is converted into the liquid flow of the heat carrier mixture with steam bubble, additionally, the transformation for passing through the stream, heat carrier mixture Liquid flow be heated；Then the above two transformation of the liquid flow of heat carrier mixture is carried out in any order, and heat carrier is mixed Supply to consumer under the pressure that the heated liquid flow of compound is obtained in injection apparatus.
According to another embodiment of the invention, KEH can be used for emulsifying, homogenize, heats, pumps and improve its rheological characteristic Matter, prevents from being less than formation spatial volume structure at a temperature of wax crystal point, and the structure of various hydrocarbon.The application is also allowed Destroy key between the Colophonium/paraffin molecule for causing abnormal viscosity.KEH also reduces the concentration of macromolecular compound, primarily as The asphalitine at the center of supramolecular aggregation.
According to another embodiment of the invention, KEH can be used for gas/hydrocarbon intensified oil reduction (EOR), increase gas/oil life Produce, increase liquids and gases and separate and produce, while heating, decomposing oil particles, with one layer of oil water is encapsulated, and prevent from causing oil The concentration of the water Bao Chi of line fracture.The application also allows to generate strong cavitation shock wave and pressure, to drive sludge to be pumped Oil sac is taken out from well and carries out evacuation to oil/gas.The application also allows paraffin decomposition and heavy crude to be formed.
According to another embodiment of the invention, KEH can be used for the controlled internal shock wave by being generated by KEH and cut Cut micronization that energy causes and strengthen the bio-fuel production based on cellulose and algae and other products based on Organic substance Production, for more thoroughly and the quick interior heat refining (in-line cooking) of pipe of energy-conservation, including starch at a lower temperature The activation of fermentation and need use less additive.
According to another embodiment of the invention, KEH is used for the application of the waste heat in nuclear reactor chamber In, to maintain the recirculation of coolant, until temperature of reactor drops to level of security, and prevent from melting reactor rod.As long as There are Δ T or Δ P, KEH to work.KEH does not have moving parts and does not need electric power.KEH will be circulated cold using any water source But liquid.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided the operational approach of Steam area heating system, thus steam quilt In being introduced into the heat exchanger of steam/water, and hot water is pumped through the fluid circulation system of user.KEH substitutes conventional heat and hands over Parallel operation and electric drive pump, save the requirement of energy and suppression condensed fluid before discharge.KEH is used to substitute domestic hot water's supply Conventional steam/exchanger of water heater, with more efficient autonomous water/hot water supply loop.KEH is reclaimed from steam heating Building discharge condensate, and condensate is upgraded to into available steam using a small amount of steam, with building heating system Middle circulation.KEH reclaims the condensed water of discharge or suppresses exhaust steam with cold water, and as waste process, is recycled to building use In hot-water heating system or the buck as multiple use.
According to another embodiment of the invention, one kind water is heated using KEH with operate hot water barrel, swimming pool or The method that any Large Copacity water body destroys any microorganism or bacterial component in water simultaneously, so as to eliminate a large amount of antibacterial additions are required Agent, such as chlorine.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided by it is single by used in operation KEH to milk breast Product and other liquid or semiliquid consumable goodss carry out pasteurization and the method for homogenizing simultaneously.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a kind of by the controlled internal shock wave that generated by KEH and to cut The micronization that energy causes is cut and the method for strengthening the Beer Production, system maintenance and energy-conservation in beerwort processing, so as to more thorough Heat refining instantaneous energy efficiency in the mixing at bottom, pipe, at a lower temperature activated Starch fermentation, the cleaning systems after operation are needed Will be using less additive and antibacterial action.
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided using the high-pressure atomization of KEH, sterilization mixing, be atomized and accurate Control ability come strengthen industry cleaning, washing, decontamination, fire prevention and pretreatment prepare method.
According to another embodiment of the invention, it is a kind of to improve air, combustion, water or for strengthen burning by using KEH Increase electromotor (including diesel oil and turbine) fuel with the mixture of additive, input pressure and the ratio for reducing emission The method of efficiency.
With reference now to Figure 21, with the operation that single line flow-chart form shows embodiments of the invention.Condensate, used heat Water, exhaust steam and/or gas 420 (temperature is from 40F to 540F) pass through optionally initial KEH 422 (similar to above-mentioned KEH 20), It is used to increase the pressure and temperature of water or gas, so as to cause the single-phase flow medium in discharge end.In one embodiment, KEH 422 can disclose 2012/0248213 or jointly owned United States Patent (USP) and disclose 2012/ with jointly owned United States Patent (USP) FD devices described in 0186672 are identical, and these patents are expressly incorporated herein by reference of text.
After KEH 422, single-phase or multiphase flow medium is introduced in the center of axle simultaneously by internal or external passage 424 And the side of the wheel by one or more turbine wheels 426, the wheel herein be commonly referred to rotor.Below with reference to Figure 23 extremely 33 are more fully described the example turbine wheel 426 according to an embodiment of the invention with two phase flow input.Per section of wheel 426 Equipped with one or more KEH 428.In the embodiment using optional KEH422, from the single-phase exhaust fluid of KEH 422 Stream provides in two heat carriers being fed in wheel 426, and the second heat carrier is also with reference to Figure 23 to Figure 33 The mode of detailed description is fed in wheel.In the most back segment of KEH 428, by above and in the way of being described in detail below by two Phase supersonic flow is converted into the counteracting force of higher pressure, and this causes wheel to rotate and accelerate.Therefore, high-pressure medium will from nozzle with The speed of 600ft/sec to 1000ft/sec is ejected in direct condenser 430, so as to produce reaction thrust, and Axle is rotated using the electromotor 440 being coupled on axle.Produced electric power can be used immediately, or be stored in electricity storage set In standby (such as battery) 442.
It is then possible to further cold such as in district heating and cooling system 432 or for using on domestic hot water 434 Medium in condenser 430.In one embodiment, KEH 436 (such as discloses 2012/0248213 or gathers around jointly in United States Patent (USP) Some United States Patent (USP)s disclose the aforementioned device disclosed in 2012/0186672) medium that carrys out condenser 430 and cold can be received Supplement water 438 to generate domestic hot water.
Operation and the wheel generated electricity with high thermal efficiency under the gas of any thermal source, inferior grade liquid or any pressure and temperature 426 advantageously provide reproducible advanced cleaning green electric power supply with rotation the integrated of KEH 428.The system can be used to building, work The wasted energys such as industry, solar energy are reclaimed.KEH is supersonic condensing heat pump, with make steam, water or other gases and liquid mixing and add The internal geometry of speed, so as to the sub-fraction of hot fluids is converted into into physics thrust (pump head), wherein outlet pressure ratio The pressure of the working media at nozzle entrance is high.
Embodiments of the invention overcome the restriction of existing system by substantially increasing generating efficiency, as shown in figure 22, It presents the comparison of proposed circulation and the existing circulation using conventional steam turbine.
Being expressed as " a-b-c-d-d' " in fig. 22 is circulated without overheated preferable Rankine (Rankine).Point " b " Position is determined by the maximum allowable aridity of steam.
Embodiments of the invention overcome the restriction of existing steam turbine.It is well known that for modern blade Steam turbine, required dryness fraction of steam should be 88% to 92%.Under higher levels of humidity, irreversible loss increases sharply, and And also increase with the dynamic load on non-equilibrium flow-related blade.Therefore, turbine is operated with low internal efficiency.Therefore, The expansion of the saturated vapor in steam turbine is limited by curve X and BC.In the exemplary embodiment, expansion process is from lower boundary Curve (corresponding to the d'-b' in Figure 22) starts.Profile of the thermodynamic cycle of turbine operation corresponding to d'-b'-c-d-d'.Such as Working fluid before fruit turbine is not heated to saturation temperature, then the course of work will be corresponding to line e-k-m, and first this sets It is standby to operate as pure hydraulic test, and after the state for reaching point ' k ', as water-steaming plant operation.If ignored The change of thermal capacity, the then preferable proposition circulation in T-S figures is represented in the form of right angled triangle c-k-m-c.Heating power credit Analysis shows that the generating efficiency of the circulation can reach 60% to 70%.
Embodiments of the invention are allowed in the case where not using Fossil fuel and producing associated contamination using waste water or gas Body generates electricity.From at present to environmental emission various industries a large amount of waste water and gas will become the depollution of environment, renewable generating With the source of heat supply.
Embodiments of the invention are also used as desuperheater equipment, and workflow is combined with various exhaust steam streams, draw Play the notable energy advantage relative to existing desuperheater equipment.
Embodiments of the invention are also used as water cooler, are power plant and various industrial pre-add hot water, while generating electricity.
Embodiments of the invention are also used as the emergency power supply in nuclear power station or the reliable generating for cooling down Equipment.
Embodiments of the invention are also used as pump, and the pump is attached to the axle using the power of pump and represents with pumping The ability of the biphase liquid of the most of fluid used in power industry, and energy loss is minimized within the condenser.
In one embodiment, the low temperature or high-temperature medium item from below (but not limited to) is received：Waste water (from cooling tower, Condenser, from industry waste gas stream and exhaust steam recuperation of heat), steam, gas, various fluids, chemicals, granule or they Combination.
Embodiments of the invention can be used to obtain the green machine energy with minimum thermodynamic losses, generate electricity for driving Machine, pump, compressor, heat pump and generation heat energy, reduce discharge heat to environment.
Embodiment can using with produce as add hot water side-product electric active force such as steam and the hydraulic turbine, combustion gas whirlpool Turbine and reciprocating engine.
In further embodiments, it is electromotor and heat exchanger are used against pumping and cool down electricity, heating, cold But, pumping, metering, mixing, burning, cleaning, the waterpower crushing of deep layer shale, emulsion, solar energy system, environmental conservation, chemistry With nuclear reactor application.
In one embodiment, when the reacting part in by KEH, the interior part sub-key of working media is destroyed.One In individual embodiment, working media increased media discharge pressure and temperature by KEH.Hereafter, medium is drawn by inner passage Enter the center of wheel or be introduced in the cylinder of wheel by sealed sides nozzle connector.Each branch of wheel is provided with KEH. Wheel starts to rotate, so as to increase the centrifugal force of the fluid into wheel cylinder, so as to produce the higher pressure of cylinder and the speed of KEH Degree.Working medium pressure in wheel branch rises, fluid accelerates, and boils into the low-pressure area in the dilation of KEH and acutely Rise.Therefore, accelerate to be penetrated from the supersonic speed that KEH is discharged is single-phase with high pressure and high speed with the speed of 600ft/sec to 1000ft/sec Stream and condenser directly contact, produce reaction thrust, rotate single or multiple axles.The steam of condensation produces vacuum and outer Shell subatmospheric power, causes friction loss in turbine to reduce.The wheel of turbine goes eliminating water to complete turbine as pump operated Circulation, or heat exchanger, boiler, district heating system and other users heat supply
In one embodiment, by the heat energy of useful working media that flowed out due to the KEH from turbine and kinetic energy The maximum of various waste gas streams is used and improves efficiency, realizes obtaining mechanical energy with minimum thermal power loss.The embodiment can be with Including around wheel, the blade equipped with spill or other shapes and the shell that rotated by the flowing into shell nozzle, So as to provide extra mechanical energy.Due to the counteracting force being applied on wheel, wheel will be rotated in mutually opposite directions.Can be by applying Electric loading coefficient in two turbine wheels is controlling energy, so that outer wheels are rotated with the speed lower than inner wheel.For Identification maximal efficiency, it is main in wheel shaft be connected to generator amature, and the second foreign steamer is connected to generator unit stator.
Embodiments of the invention by increasing efficiency because of minimum energy loss during working media is dished out from KEH, Further solve the problems, such as that the mechanical energy for obtaining in the turbine increases, and also simplify the construction of turbine.Described System can use horizontal or vertical turbine plant.
Embodiments of the invention can be integrated further with effectively with solar energy system, heat pump or donkey boiler Generate heat, domestic hot water, cooling and electric power.
Embodiments of the invention can be further used as the various liquids and gases for purification in granule and cigarette Scrubber.
Embodiments of the invention also act as preheater, the superheater in power plant, boiler room, condenser, feed-water heater, Pressure-regulating valve (PRV) and effusion meter.
Embodiments of the invention further can be used to separate various components and emulsion in various chemical technologies.
Embodiments of the invention can be also used for the combination of whizzer, be generated electricity and generation heat with will pass through geothermal fluid Energy.
Embodiments of the invention can be further used for the operation of emission control equipment.
Embodiments of the invention may also operate as：For increasing the vapour compression machine of the pressure of low-pressure steam stream；For The biphase pump of cooling nuclear reactor；Mixing reactor；Equipment for producing bubble in the two-phase mixture for generating heat energy；Too Sun can start pump；For cooling down the expansion apparatuss of supply thing；For the condenser of power plant operation；For the compression of power plant operation Machine；Coal slurry reactor；Coal slurry reactor；Emulsifying mixer；The burner noz(zle) of low stain thing discharge；Degasser；Water-recorvery apparatus； Coal gasification apparatus；And operate in for the various chemical technologies for combining various components and emulsion.
With reference now to Figure 23 to Figure 32, they show direct drive thermokineticss turbine according to an embodiment of the invention The example embodiment of electromotor, wherein identical element number is identical.
In general, turbogenerator has and is configured to the lubrication groove and structure of first direction (such as clockwise) rotation Cause the foreign steamer along second direction (such as counterclockwise) rotation contrary with first direction.Lubrication groove has spoke-like fluid stream Dynamic passage, the passage outer end equipped with one or more KEH, similar to the embodiment of above-mentioned KEH 20.Water and steam are via leaning on The flowing ports of nearly lubrication groove rotation axiss enter spoke-like fluid flowing passage, combine to form list in the above described manner in KEH Xiang Liu, and discharged from respective KEH with elevated thrust, so that the Jing of single-phase flow of the lubrication groove in response to discharging is raised and pushed away Power and rotate.Foreign steamer have close to one or more KEH outlet region around foreign steamer inner surface distribution multiple blades, Wheel blade.Impinge upon by further reply one or more KEH on multiple blades discharge single-phase flow elevated thrust, outward Wheel rotates relative to the rotation of lubrication groove.Lubrication groove and foreign steamer are connected respectively to corresponding axle, and axle can be connected further to can Produce electromotor, compressor, pump or the other equipment of mechanical energy and/or electric energy.
In the embodiment of Figure 23, water 301 and steam 302 enter turbine via lateral seal bearing 324 from opposite side Drum chamber 325.Afterwards, steam and water enter biphase KEH 316 (similar to upper via independent spoke-like fluid flowing passage 318 State the embodiment of KEH 20).The monophasic fluid of the surrounding vanes of KEH discharge impact foreign steamers 322.Counteracting force causes foreign steamer 322 Rotation on the rightabout of main turbine (that is, lubrication groove).The discharge water of the heating of gained is collected simultaneously in the bottom of case 309 The heating system of client is fed to via pipeline 310.In one embodiment, axle 313 be connected to can produce mechanical energy and/or The electromotor of electric energy, compressor, pump or other equipment.Turbine is located in shell 317.Cylinder 325 passes through lateral seal bearing 324 interconnect with fluid source.
In the embodiment of Figure 24, water and steam enter lubrication groove by cylinder sealed bearings 303, into shell 304.Shell 304 equipped with center rest and flank 305.Foreign steamer 307 is couple to stator 311 by adpting flange 315.In one embodiment In, foreign steamer 307 is equipped with improved Perdipine (Pelton) blade 308.The heated discharging liquid of gained is collected in tank 309 In, and it is fed to heating system via pipeline 310.Electromotor 312 is made up of rotor 314, stator 311 and axle 313.Turbine Lubrication groove 318 is equipped with biphase KEH 316 (similar to the embodiment of above-mentioned KEH 20).The turbine seat in the plane being made up of lubrication groove and foreign steamer In shell 317.
In the embodiment similar to Figure 25 of Figure 24, foreign steamer 307 be it is static, and axle 312 be configured to driving can Generate electromotor, compressor, pump or the other equipment of machinery and/or electric energy.
In the embodiment (similar to the embodiment of Figure 24) of Figure 26, the rotation axiss of turbine wheel are relative to horizontal direction Vertically oriented, the rotation axiss of wherein electromotor are also vertically-oriented.
The embodiment of Figure 27 similar to Figure 25 embodiment, but wherein static foreign steamer 307 has improved Perdipine leaf Piece 308.
In the embodiment (it is also similar to that the embodiment of Figure 25) of Figure 28, foreign steamer 307 is configured to rotation and is couple to driving The compressor of adpting flange 315, pump or other plant equipment, and lubrication groove 318 is configured to rotation and is connected to axle 313 to drive Another compressor, pump or other plant equipment.
In the front view embodiment of Figure 29, lubrication groove 323 is shown more clearly that equipped with multiple tangential biphase KEH 321, It has the respective row output flow stream of the blade for being arranged to impact foreign steamer 322.
The front view embodiment of Figure 30 similar to Figure 25 embodiment, but the bottom of wherein collecting box 309 is provided with use In the tubular heat exchange 323 of heating building water.
The embodiment of Figure 31 similar to Figure 25 embodiment, but foreign steamer is equipped with reflection lobes of different shapes.
The embodiment of Figure 32 similar to Figure 23 embodiment, but with turbine sealed bearings coupling steam 302 Central supply source.Water supply part 301 has lateral seal bearing 324 and direct drive axle 313.
The enforcement of Figure 33 A, Figure 33 B and Figure 33 C is illustrated the various designs construction of turbine.
The embodiment of Figure 34 depicts the various thermals source of supply turbine, including solar heat 340, storage tank 341, fossil Fuel boiler 342 and vapour system, and further depict terminal use：Electricity, heating and air conditioning system.
The embodiment of Figure 35 is described via two-phase nozzle, vortex degasser, process control pump and plate and frame heat exchange Device supplies the indirect hot-water heating system of steam.
The embodiment of the biphase reaction turbine of above-mentioned transonic speed is operable with by because of the maximum kinetic energy using from turbine The heat energy of useful working media and various waste streams of kinetic energy that catcher flows out and to increase efficiency dynamic with minimum thermal so as to obtain The mechanical energy that the loss of energy is realized.
The embodiment of the biphase reaction turbine of above-mentioned transonic speed is operable with by the working media because minimizing from KEH Energy loss during dishing out and increase efficiency increases so as to solve the problems, such as the mechanical energy for obtaining in the turbine, and also simplify The construction of turbine.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that the scope of the present invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but covers and fall into claim In the range of all embodiments.
Although describing the present invention in detail already in connection with the embodiment of limited quantity, it should be readily understood that of the invention It is not limited to these disclosed embodiments.Conversely, can change the present invention with reference to it is not heretofore described but with the present invention spirit and Any amount of modification, change, replacement or equivalent arrangements that scope matches.In addition, though having been described with the various of the present invention Embodiment, but it is to be understood that the aspect of the present invention can only include some in described embodiment.Therefore, the present invention not It is considered limited to the foregoing description, but is limited only by the scope of the following claims.

Claims (13)

1. the biphase reaction turbine of a kind of transonic speed, including：
At least one rotor, at least one rotor includes multiple kinetic energy collecting devices；
Wherein, each described kinetic energy collecting device is set and is configured to the first heat carrier or multiple first heat carriers under stress In receiving first jet, and the second heat carrier is received in second nozzle, second heat carrier is warmmer than described first Carrier is colder, and the second nozzle is limited with being based at least partially on temperature, pressure and the flowing of one or more heat carriers Distance be arranged on the downstream of the first jet；
Wherein, each described kinetic energy collecting device includes the mixing chamber being located between the first jet and the second nozzle, institute State mixing chamber to be configured to first heat carrier and second heat carrier mixing to produce two-phase mixture, described second Nozzle is placed at the restriction distance of the first jet for producing elevated discharge thrust；
Wherein, each described mixing chamber is constructed such that the pressure drop of the heat carrier of the two-phase mixture and is decelerated to one Speed, under the speed two-phase mixture or at least one of first heat carrier or second heat carrier or Both are boiled into the uniform two-phase medium with minute bubbles, the two-phase medium be can high compression medium and with Mach Sonic condition of the number more than 1；
Wherein, each described second nozzle is configured to assemble and compress the two-phase medium stream, makes the minute bubbles collapse simultaneously And the incoercible single-phase flow medium of the power thrust for becoming the two-phase mixture there is increase；
Wherein, each described kinetic energy collecting device also includes being arranged on the discharge section in the second nozzle downstream, each described discharge Section is set and is configured to discharge the described single-phase flow medium with increased power thrust, with the first heat carrier described in producing ratio The reaction pressure high with the input pressure of both second heat carriers, so as to drive the rotor in a rotative pattern；
Wherein, as a result it is that each described kinetic energy collecting device produces heat energy and kinetic energy.
2. the biphase hot reaction turbine of transonic speed according to claim 1, wherein：
At least one rotor include one or more lubrication grooves, each described lubrication groove equipped with multiple kinetic energy collecting devices, The kinetic energy collecting device is configured to discharge the fluid of elevated pressures via aggregation discharge section.
3. the biphase reaction turbine of transonic speed according to claim 1, wherein：
At least one rotor includes the supply mouth for receiving first heat carrier and second heat carrier.
4. the biphase reaction turbine of transonic speed according to claim 3, wherein：
At least one rotor include hollow conduit axle, the hollow conduit axle include for receive first heat carrier and The supply mouth of second heat carrier.
5. the biphase reaction turbine of transonic speed according to claim 3, wherein：
At least one rotor includes the combination of quill shaft and solid shafting, and at least one rotor also include with it is described The supply mouth of the combination axial dipole field of quill shaft and the solid shafting, for receiving first heat carrier and described the Two heat carriers.
6. the biphase reaction turbine of transonic speed according to claim 1, wherein：
Each described discharge section is configured to be connected with condenser or heat exchanger fluid, wherein, it is discharged into the condenser The single-phase flow medium can be further used for heating；And the rotor and gear be configured to electromotor, compressor, pump and Performing other plant equipment of mechanical work can operatively connect, wherein, the retroaction of the rotor is driven in a rotative pattern Torque contributes to producing electric power via the electromotor.
7. the biphase reaction turbine of transonic speed according to claim 2, wherein：
Each kinetic energy collecting device structure is caused the pressure and temperature for increasing the working media；
Wherein, the working media is introduced in the center of the lubrication groove or by lateral seal axle by receiving chamber and internal channel Hold the room cylinder that connecting portion is introduced in the lubrication groove；
The tangential section of the lubrication groove is provided with one or more described kinetic energy collecting devices；
The lubrication groove is configured to rotate to, and so as to increase the centrifugal force into the heat carrier of the lubrication groove, produces described one The more high output pressure and flow velocity of individual or multiple heat carriers, causes the one or more of heat carriers in the spoke of the lubrication groove Pressure rise so that heat carrier flowing accelerates into the mixing chamber of the kinetic energy collecting device, so as to cause in institute State the energy exchange described in the mixing chamber of kinetic energy collecting device between the first heat carrier and second heat carrier and institute State the violent agitation of one or more heat carriers；
The described single-phase flow medium discharged under high pressure and high speed from the discharge section is accelerated in direct condenser, institute State direct condenser to be configured to that reaction thrust is produced in the turbine and one or more axles are constructed such that Rotation；And
The wheel of the turbine be configured as it is pump operated, with from the anchor ring of the shell of the turbine remove discharge water with complete Heat is supplied into the circulation of turbine, or heat exchanger, boiler, district heating system or other users.
8. the biphase reaction turbine of transonic speed according to claim 2, the biphase reaction turbine of the transonic speed also includes：
Foreign steamer, the foreign steamer is axially arranged around the lubrication groove, and equipped with blade, the blade is arranged to from described the foreign steamer Multiple kinetic energy collecting devices receive discharged elevated pressures fluid, and the foreign steamer is configured in the elevated pressures fluid for being discharged Reversely rotate relative to the lubrication groove under effect, so as to provide additional machinery energy；
Wherein, the gained counteracting force being applied in the lubrication groove and the foreign steamer is so that the lubrication groove and the foreign steamer are along contrary Direction rotates；
Wherein, can be by being applied in the lubrication groove and the foreign steamer by rotating output that the lubrication groove and the foreign steamer produce Electric loading coefficient is controlled, so that the rotary speed of the foreign steamer is lower than the rotary speed of the lubrication groove；
Wherein, the axle of the lubrication groove is couple to generator amature, and the foreign steamer is couple to the stator of the electromotor；
Wherein, the rotation axiss of the lubrication groove, the foreign steamer, the rotor and the stator are arranged to vertically arrangement or horizontal cloth Put.
9. the biphase reaction turbine of transonic speed according to claim 8, the biphase reaction turbine of the transonic speed also includes At least one of following device：Can be operatively coupled to the biphase reaction turbine of the transonic speed for effectively producing The solar power system of heat, domestic hot water, cooling and electric power, heat pump or donkey boiler.
10. the biphase reaction turbine of transonic speed according to claim 8, the biphase reaction turbine energy of the transonic speed according to One or more operations in following item：As for purifying the scrubber of various liquids and gases from granule and cigarette；Have For effectively producing the integrated heat pump of heat, domestic hot water, cooling and electric power；As the pre-add in power plant and boiler room Hot device is with offsetting additional electric loading；It is used to separate various components and emulsion, recovery of oil and fire extinguishing system in various chemical technologies And for using the waste gas from machinery, electromotor and cooling system；With for by geothermal fluid generation electric energy and heat energy Whizzer combination；For the operation of emission control equipment；As in power plant, boiler room, condenser, feedwater heating In pump, feed-water heater and degasser and effusion meter in device, pressure-regulating valve (PRV), pump, air-conditioning, fossil and nuclear power station Pre-heater, superheater；As the vapour compression machine of the pressure for being used to increase low-pressure steam stream；For cooling down nuclear reactor Biphase pump；Mixing reactor；For the device for producing bubble in the two-phase mixture for producing heat energy；Solar energy starts pump；With In the expansion apparatuss of cooling supply thing；For the condenser of power plant operation；For the compressor of power plant operation；Coal slurry reacts Device；Emulsifying mixer；The burner noz(zle) of low stain thing discharge；Degasser；Water-recorvery apparatus；Coal gasification apparatus；And be used for In combining the various chemical technologies of various components and emulsion；To destroy the heat carrier by the reacting part in the kinetic energy collecting device The interior part sub-key of medium；So that to from cooling tower, condenser, industrial waste gas and waste water, steam, gas, various fluids, The waste water of the recuperation of heat form of chemicals, granule or combinations thereof, to obtain the green machine with minimum thermodynamic losses Tool energy, for driving electromotor, pump, compressor and heat pump, and for producing heat energy, while being reduced to the hot driving of environment； As the active force steam and the hydraulic turbine, gas turbine and reciprocating engine that produce the electric power as the side-product for adding hot water； So that used in internal combustion turbine, reciprocating engine and energy regenerating boiler, steam trap, from each of building and industry Plant the turbine exhaust in waste gas；As electromotor and heat exchanger, the electromotor and heat exchanger be used for electricity, heating, cooling, Pumping, metering, mixing, burning, purification, the hydraulic fracturing of deep layer shale, emulsion, environmental conservation, the change for pumping and cooling down Learn and nuclear reactor application；As desuperheater and superheater.
The biphase reaction turbine of 11. transonic speeds according to claim 7, the biphase reaction turbine of the transonic speed can be operated Rise for the working medium pressure in the branch for making the lubrication groove, wherein, fluid accelerates, and moves to the kinetic energy nozzle In low-pressure area in dilation and violent agitation, so as to cause supersonic speed single-phase medium with high pressure and at a high speed from the discharge Section accelerates to be discharged in the direct condenser for producing reaction thrust with the speed of 600ft/sec to 1000ft/sec, from And rotate one or more of axles.
A kind of 12. biphase reaction turbines of transonic speed being used together with low temperature and high-temperature fluid flow medium, including：
At least two wheels, at least two wheel is configured to rotate in mutually opposite directions, at least at least two wheel Individual wheel is equipped with one or more kinetic energy collecting devices.
The biphase reaction turbine of 13. transonic speeds according to claim 12, wherein：
At least two wheel includes lubrication groove and foreign steamer, and the foreign steamer is configured to from one or more of kinetic energy collecting devices Reversely rotate relative to the rotation of the lubrication groove in the presence of the high-pressure fluid of discharge.
CN201580046301.0A 2014-06-30 2015-06-30 Transonic two-phase reaction turbine Expired - Fee Related CN106661875B (en)

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CN108599624A (en) * 2018-07-02 2018-09-28 浙江理工大学 Flue-interior temperature difference energy collecting device
CN108599624B (en) * 2018-07-02 2024-02-02 浙江理工大学 Flue-indoor temperature difference energy collecting device
CN112762499A (en) * 2021-02-03 2021-05-07 上海舟虹电力工程技术中心 Heating method for intelligently adjusting gradient utilization of waste steam upgrading heat energy

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CA2956206A1 (en) 2016-01-07
WO2016004014A1 (en) 2016-01-07
AU2015284297A1 (en) 2017-02-16
CN106661875B (en) 2020-02-14
EA033338B1 (en) 2019-09-30
EA201790059A1 (en) 2017-05-31
KR20170041197A (en) 2017-04-14
EP3161217A4 (en) 2018-04-04
AU2015284297B2 (en) 2020-02-20

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