CN106655579A - 一种混合动力汽车 - Google Patents

一种混合动力汽车 Download PDF

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CN106655579A
CN106655579A CN201611079771.XA CN201611079771A CN106655579A CN 106655579 A CN106655579 A CN 106655579A CN 201611079771 A CN201611079771 A CN 201611079771A CN 106655579 A CN106655579 A CN 106655579A
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magnet
motor
electric machine
motor shaft
hybrid vehicle
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CN106655579B (zh
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姜春辉
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QINGDAO MINSHEN WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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QINGDAO MINSHEN WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/47—Air-gap windings, i.e. iron-free windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1415—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N15/00—Holding or levitation devices using magnetic attraction or repulsion, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/264—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators with outer rotor and inner stator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合动力汽车，包括内燃机、发电机、蓄电池和电机，内燃机带动发电机发电并存储于所述蓄电池，蓄电池用于为电机供电，电机包括转子组件和定子组件，定子组件包括安装于汽车悬挂系统上的电机轴和固定设置在电机轴上的盘形无铁芯定子线圈，转子组件包括安装于汽车轮毂上的电机壳体和位于电机壳体内的永磁体，电机壳体通过轴承安装于电机轴上，永磁体位于电机壳体内与无铁芯定子线圈相对的两个侧壁上，在每个侧壁上永磁体呈盘式分布且永磁体的磁极交替分布。本发明汽车驱动装置结构简单，体积小重量轻，结构紧凑效率高。

Description

一种混合动力汽车
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车技术领域，具体地说，是涉及一种混合动力汽车。
背景技术
现在的新能源混合动力汽车的驱动电机都是安装在减速箱上由机械差速器组成，分为前后驱动两个电机，并且电机采用高耗能的异步电动机、永磁同步有铁芯电动机，这两种结构的电动机体积大、结构复杂、有磁阻、机械损耗大，甚至还要采用水冷方式冷却。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种混合动力汽车，解决了现有驱动电机占用体积大、结构复杂、磁阻大机械损耗大的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种混合动力汽车，所述汽车包括内燃机、发电机、蓄电池和电机，所述内燃机带动所述发电机发电并存储于所述蓄电池，所述蓄电池用于为所述电机供电，其特征在于，所述电机为无铁芯直驱轮毂电机，所述电机包括转子组件和定子组件，所述定子组件包括安装于汽车悬挂系统上的电机轴和固定设置在电机轴上的盘形无铁芯定子线圈，所述转子组件包括安装于汽车轮毂上的电机壳体和位于电机壳体内的永磁体，所述电机壳体通过轴承安装于所述电机轴上，所述永磁体位于所述电机壳体内与所述无铁芯定子线圈相对的两个侧壁上，在每个侧壁上所述永磁体呈盘式分布且所述永磁体的磁极交替分布；所述发电机包括转子组件和定子组件，所述定子组件包括安装于发电机罩壳上的电机轴和固定设置在电机轴上的盘形无铁芯定子线圈，所述转子组件包括与所述内燃机联动的电机壳体和位于电机壳体内的永磁体，所述电机壳体通过轴承安装于所述电机轴上，所述永磁体位于所述电机壳体内与所述无铁芯定子线圈相对的两个侧壁上，在每个侧壁上所述永磁体呈盘式分布且所述永磁体的磁极交替分布。
如上所述的混合动力汽车，所述电机的电机轴上安装有旋转变压器，所述旋转变压器的转子安装于所述轮毂上。
如上所述的混合动力汽车，所述旋转变压器安装于所述电机轴远离所述轮毂的一端，所述电机轴具有中空腔体，所述旋转变压器的转子穿过所述中空腔体安装于所述轮毂上。
如上所述的混合动力汽车，所述旋转变压器的转子与所述电机轴之间设置有轴承。
如上所述的混合动力汽车，所述发电机与所述蓄电池之间设置有充电启动控制器，所述充电启动控制器包括整流电路和逆变电路；所述发电机发出的交流电通过整流电路后形成直流电给蓄电池充电；所述蓄电池的电能通过逆变电路后形成交流电给所述发电机，所述发电机带动所述内燃机启动。
如上所述的混合动力汽车，所述电机和发电机均包括磁悬浮组件，所述磁悬浮组件包括固定安装于所述电机轴上的内支架和固定安装于电机壳体上的外支架，所述内支架上设置有若干内磁体，所述外支架上设置有若干外磁体，所述内磁体与外磁体的相对面、外磁体与内磁体的相对面均为N极或S极，所述内磁体与外磁体的相对面与所述内磁体所在圆的切线之间具有一定的夹角，所述外磁体与内磁体的相对面与所述外磁体所在圆的切线之间具有一定的夹角，所述内磁体与外磁体的侧面均包裹有隔磁层。
如上所述的混合动力汽车，所述内磁体与外磁体的相对面与所述内磁体所在圆的切线之间的夹角为20°-60°；所述外磁体与内磁体的相对面与所述外磁体所在圆的切线之间的夹角为20°-60°。
如上所述的混合动力汽车，所述内磁体、外磁体与所述内磁体、外磁体所在圆的圆心位于同一直线时，所述内磁体与外磁体的相对面和所述外磁体与内磁体的相对面平行。
如上所述的混合动力汽车，所述汽车包括差速控制器、电机控制器和逆变器，所述蓄电池通过所述逆变器给所述电机供电，所述差速控制器输出各车轮的期望转速到各自的电机控制器，由所述电机控制器控制所述电机运行。
如上所述的混合动力汽车，所述汽车包括设置于所述转向系统的角度位移传感器，所述角度位移传感器检测所述车轮转动的角度并传输至所述差速控制器。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和积极效果是：本发明无铁芯直驱轮毂电机，体积小、重量轻、结构简单、效率高、扭矩大，可以四轮驱动，采用差速控制器，用逻辑控制，省去了齿轮箱和机械差速器，直接驱动，无需水冷缺，和现有的高速电机加齿轮箱结构相比，提高效率45%以上。本发明混合动力汽车使用汽油驱动时，由内燃机直接带动发电机发电，产生的电能传到蓄电池，切换为电能驱动时再由蓄电池传输给轮毂电机转化为动能，通过轮毂电机来驱动汽车，本发明与采用普通电机的汽车相比，行驶相同的里程可节约60%以上的燃料。
结合附图阅读本发明实施方式的详细描述后，本发明的其他特点和优点将变得更加清楚。
附图说明
图1为本发明具体实施例1汽车的原理框图。
图2为本发明具体实施例1无铁芯直驱轮毂电机的剖视图。
图3为本发明具体实施例1无铁芯直驱轮毂电机的分解图。
图4为本发明具体实施例1永磁体安装至电机壳体上的示意图。
图5为本发明具体实施例1发电机与内燃机的剖视图。
图6为本发明具体实施例2无铁芯直驱轮毂电机的剖视图。
图7为本发明具体实施例2无铁芯直驱轮毂电机的分解图。
图8为本发明具体实施例2磁悬浮组件的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细地描述。
实施例1
本实施例提出了一种混合动力汽车，如图1所示，汽车包括内燃机、发电机、蓄电池和电机。内燃机带动发电机发电并存储于蓄电池，发电机发出交流电通过充电启动控制器的整流电路整流后形成直流电给蓄电池充电，同时对蓄电池起到保护作用。当然，蓄电池还可以通过外部电源进行充电，外部电源通过充电启动控制器的整流电路对蓄电池进行充电。外部电源可以通过的充电启动控制器的整流电路给蓄电池充电，当然，也可以单独增加一个整流电路，外部电源通过增加的整流电路给蓄电池充电。蓄电池用于为电机供电；蓄电池还可通过充电启动控制器的逆变电路后形成交流电给发电机供电，发电机的转子组件转动，带动内燃机启动。
汽车使用其它能源驱动时，汽车启动时，蓄电池通过充电启动控制器的逆变电路后形成交流电给发电机供电，发电机的转子组件转动，带动内燃机启动；蓄电池停止对逆变电路的供电，汽车的内燃机运行带动发电机发电，发电机发出的电能通过充电启动控制器存储至蓄电池中。汽车切换至使用电能驱动时，蓄电池给电机供电，电机给汽车提供动力。
汽车包括差速控制器、电机控制器和逆变器，每个电机对应一个逆变器和电机控制器。蓄电池通过逆变器给电机供电，差速控制器输出各车轮的期望转速到各自的电机控制器，由电机控制器控制电机运行。差速控制器作为驱动系统中的一个上层控制器，根据驾驶员的输入（转向盘转角、加速踏板位置）对整车的行驶状态进行调整。
汽车还包括设置于转向系统的角度位移传感器，角度位移传感器检测车轮转动的角度并传输至差速控制器。
如图2-4所示，电机为无铁芯直驱轮毂电机。无铁芯直驱轮毂电机的电机轴100安装于电动汽车的悬挂系统上，电机壳体200安装至电动汽车的轮毂400上。其中，电动汽车的刹车系统安装至电机轴100上，电机轴100上形成刹车系统支架103，用于安装刹车系统，刹车系统包括刹车钳701和刹车盘702。
本实施例的无铁芯直驱轮毂电机包括转子组件和定子组件。
定子组件包括安装于汽车悬挂系统上的电机轴100和固定设置在电机轴100上的盘形无铁芯定子线圈101。
转子组件包括安装于汽车轮毂400上的电机壳体200和位于电机壳体200内的永磁体201，电机壳体200通过轴承500安装于电机轴100上。为了便于安装，本实施例的电机壳体200包括组装在一起的第一壳体2001和第二壳体2002，第一壳体2001和第二壳体2002均为圆盘形，第一壳体2001和第二壳体2002通过螺栓固定安装在一起，第二壳体2002通过螺栓安装至轮毂400上，轮毂400上安装有轮胎401。永磁体201位于电机壳体200内与无铁芯定子线圈101相对的两个侧壁上，在每个侧壁上永磁体201呈盘式分布且永磁体201的磁极交替分布。
如图4所示，永磁体201的形状为扇形，多个永磁体201的形状和大小相同，永磁体201通过磁钢压铁202压装至电机壳体200与无铁芯定子线圈101相对的侧壁上。多个永磁体201形成圆盘形状，永磁体201之间形成磁场，在无铁芯定子线圈101上施加电压时，无铁芯定子线圈101与永磁体201之间产生作用力，带动电机壳体200与电机轴100发生相对转动，电机壳体200带动轮毂400转动，从而产生汽车前进的动力。
其中，在电机轴100上安装有用于检测轮毂转速和旋转角度的旋转变压器600，旋转变压器600的转子601安装于轮毂400上。
优选的，旋转变压器600安装于电机轴100远离轮毂400的一端，电机轴100具有中空腔体102，旋转变压器600的转子601穿过中空腔体102安装于轮毂400上。为了保证旋转变压器600的测量精度，旋转变压器600的转子601与电机轴100之间设置有轴承501。旋转变压器600采集的信号传输至差速控制器。
本实施例仅以无铁芯直驱轮毂电机包括一组无铁芯定子线圈101和对应的永磁体201进行说明，当然，无铁芯直驱轮毂电机还可以包括多组无铁芯定子线圈101，每组无铁芯定子线圈101均对应有永磁体201，也在本发明的保护范围之内。
如图5所示，本实施例的发电机包括转子组件和定子组件。
定子组件包括安装于发电机罩壳12上的电机轴10和固定设置在电机轴10上的盘形无铁芯定子线圈11。
转子组件包括与内燃机40联动的电机壳体20和位于电机壳体20内的永磁体21，电机壳体20通过轴承50安装于电机轴10上，为了便于安装，本实施例的电机壳体20包括组装在一起的第一壳体22和第二壳体23，第一壳体22和第二壳体23均为圆盘形，第一壳体22和第二壳体23通过螺栓固定安装在一起，第二壳体22通过螺栓安装至内燃机40的曲轴41上。永磁体21位于电机壳体20内与无铁芯定子线圈11相对的两个侧壁上，在每个侧壁上永磁体21呈盘式分布且永磁体21的磁极交替分布。
永磁体的形状为扇形，多个永磁体的形状和大小相同，永磁体通过磁钢压铁压装至电机壳体与无铁芯定子线圈相对的侧壁上。多个永磁体形成圆盘形状，永磁体之间形成磁场，无铁芯定子线圈与永磁体之间发生相对转动时，无铁芯定子线圈切割磁感线产生电能。
当汽车停驶时，可以将汽车的蓄电池通过充电启动控制器与外部电源连接，外部电源通过充电启动控制器整流后给蓄电池充电。
当汽车采用其他能源驱动时，汽车的内燃机运行带动发电机发电，发电机发出的电能通过充电启动控制器整流后给蓄电池充电。
当汽车采用为电驱动时，控制电机的无铁芯定子线圈与蓄电池接通，加速踏板加速时，差速控制器输出各车轮的期望转速到各自的电机控制器，控制电机开始输出大扭矩驱动旋转，根据加速的变化使电机转速可大可小，从而实现的车速自由控制。旋转变压器可以检测车速并传输至差速控制器，角度位移传感器可以检测车轮转动的角度并传输至差速传感器，差速传感器接收车速信号和转动的角度信号以便进一步调整个车轮的转速。汽车制动时，制动钳701带动制动盘702与电机壳体200接触，实现制动。
实施例2
如图6-8所示，本实施例的电机在实施例1的基础上增加磁悬浮组件300，磁悬浮组件300可以增加促使电机壳体与电机轴相对转动的动力，可以提高电动效率。
本实施例还在实施例1发电机的基础上增加磁悬浮组件300，磁悬浮组件300可以增加促使电机壳体与电机轴相对转动的动力，可以提高发电效率。
下面对磁悬浮组件进行具体说明：
如图8所示，本实施例的磁悬浮组件300包括固定安装于电机轴100上的内支架310和固定安装在电机壳体200上的外支架320，内支架310上设置有若干内磁体311，外支架320上设置有若干外磁体321。
其中，内支架310和外支架320均是以电机轴100为圆心的同心圆环，外磁体321均匀分布在外支架320的内环面，内磁体311均匀分布在内支架310的外环面。外磁体321为柱形，外磁体321的一端嵌装在外支架320的内环面内，另一端裸露于外支架320；外磁体321的轴线位于以外支架320的圆心为基准的射线上。内磁体311为柱形，内磁体311的一端嵌装在内支架310的外环面，另一端裸露于外支架310；内磁体311的轴线位于以内支架310的圆心为基准的射线上。
外磁体321裸露于外支架320的一端并朝向内支架310的端面为外磁体321与内磁体311的相对面323。内磁体311裸露于内支架310的一端并朝向外支架320的端面为内磁体311与外磁体321的相对面313。内磁体311与外磁体321的相对面313、外磁体321与内磁体311的相对面323均为N极或S极，即内磁体311与外磁体321的相对面313、外磁体321与内磁体311的相对面323为同极，以便二者在接近时产生同极相斥的排斥力。内磁体311与外磁体321的相对面313与内磁体311所在圆的切线之间具有一定的夹角，优选的，该夹角为20°-60°；外磁体321与内磁体311的相对面323与外磁体321所在圆的切线之间具有一定的夹角，优选的，该夹角为20°-60°；相对面313、323的角度设计可以使内磁体311与外磁体321接近时产生同极相斥的排斥力促使内支架310与外支架320之间产生相对转动的力。为了防止内磁体311和外磁体321的侧面产生磁场，形成干扰力，在内磁体311和外磁体321的侧面均包裹有隔磁层312、322。因而，只有内磁体311与外磁体321的相对面313、外磁体321与内磁体311的相对面323之间可以产生排斥力，而二者均与其所在圆的切线之间具有一定的夹角，因而，内磁体311与外磁体321的相对面313、外磁体321与内磁体311的相对面323相对时，排斥力便可促使电机轴100与电机壳体200产生相对转动的力，旋转到下一组内磁体311与外磁体321的相对面313、外磁体321与内磁体311的相对面323相对时，又可产生相对转动的力，以此类推，形成了一定的旋转力，因而，可以提高电动机的转动力，使电机的电动效率大大提高。
为了使内磁体311与外磁体321的相对面313、外磁体321与内磁体311的相对面323相对时，排斥力达到最大，内磁体311、外磁体321与内磁体311、外磁体321所在圆的圆心位于同一直线时，内磁体311与外磁体321的相对面313和外磁体321与内磁体311的相对面323平行。
电机工作时，电机轴100和电机壳体200发生相对转动，电机轴100和电机壳体200发生相对转动的过程中，磁悬浮组件起到助力的作用，提高了电动效率。
发电机工作时，电机轴10和电机壳体20发生相对转动，电机轴10和电机壳体20发生相对转动的过程中，磁悬浮组件起到助力的作用，提高了电动效率。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种混合动力汽车，包括内燃机、发电机、蓄电池和电机，所述内燃机带动所述发电机发电并存储于所述蓄电池，所述蓄电池用于为所述电机供电，其特征在于，所述电机为无铁芯直驱轮毂电机，所述电机包括转子组件和定子组件，所述定子组件包括安装于汽车悬挂系统上的电机轴和固定设置在电机轴上的盘形无铁芯定子线圈，所述转子组件包括安装于汽车轮毂上的电机壳体和位于电机壳体内的永磁体，所述电机壳体通过轴承安装于所述电机轴上，所述永磁体位于所述电机壳体内与所述无铁芯定子线圈相对的两个侧壁上，在每个侧壁上所述永磁体呈盘式分布且所述永磁体的磁极交替分布；所述发电机包括转子组件和定子组件，所述定子组件包括安装于发电机罩壳上的电机轴和固定设置在电机轴上的盘形无铁芯定子线圈，所述转子组件包括与所述内燃机联动的电机壳体和位于电机壳体内的永磁体，所述电机壳体通过轴承安装于所述电机轴上，所述永磁体位于所述电机壳体内与所述无铁芯定子线圈相对的两个侧壁上，在每个侧壁上所述永磁体呈盘式分布且所述永磁体的磁极交替分布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力汽车，其特征在于，所述电机的电机轴上安装有旋转变压器，所述旋转变压器的转子安装于所述轮毂上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力汽车，其特征在于，所述旋转变压器安装于所述电机轴远离所述轮毂的一端，所述电机轴具有中空腔体，所述旋转变压器的转子穿过所述中空腔体安装于所述轮毂上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力汽车，其特征在于，所述旋转变压器的转子与所述电机轴之间设置有轴承。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力汽车，其特征在于，所述发电机与所述蓄电池之间设置有充电启动控制器，所述充电启动控制器包括整流电路和逆变电路；所述发电机发出的交流电通过整流电路后形成直流电给蓄电池充电；所述蓄电池的电能通过逆变电路后形成交流电给所述发电机，所述发电机带动所述内燃机启动。
6.根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的混合动力汽车，其特征在于，所述电机和发电机均包括磁悬浮组件，所述磁悬浮组件包括固定安装于所述电机轴上的内支架和固定安装于电机壳体上的外支架，所述内支架上设置有若干内磁体，所述外支架上设置有若干外磁体，所述内磁体与外磁体的相对面、外磁体与内磁体的相对面均为N极或S极，所述内磁体与外磁体的相对面与所述内磁体所在圆的切线之间具有一定的夹角，所述外磁体与内磁体的相对面与所述外磁体所在圆的切线之间具有一定的夹角，所述内磁体与外磁体的侧面均包裹有隔磁层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力汽车，其特征在于，所述内磁体与外磁体的相对面与所述内磁体所在圆的切线之间的夹角为20°-60°；所述外磁体与内磁体的相对面与所述外磁体所在圆的切线之间的夹角为20°-60°。
8.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力汽车，其特征在于，所述内磁体、外磁体与所述内磁体、外磁体所在圆的圆心位于同一直线时，所述内磁体与外磁体的相对面和所述外磁体与内磁体的相对面平行。
9.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力汽车，其特征在于，所述汽车包括差速控制器、电机控制器和逆变器，所述蓄电池通过所述逆变器给所述电机供电，所述差速控制器输出各车轮的期望转速到各自的电机控制器，由所述电机控制器控制所述电机运行。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力汽车，其特征在于，所述汽车包括设置于所述转向系统的角度位移传感器，所述角度位移传感器检测所述车轮转动的角度并传输至所述差速控制器。
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