CN106652684A - Integrated-type conductivity visual teaching demonstration instrument - Google Patents
Integrated-type conductivity visual teaching demonstration instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN106652684A CN106652684A CN201510736067.6A CN201510736067A CN106652684A CN 106652684 A CN106652684 A CN 106652684A CN 201510736067 A CN201510736067 A CN 201510736067A CN 106652684 A CN106652684 A CN 106652684A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
- G09B23/183—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for circuits
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated-type conductivity visual teaching demonstration instrument, and belongs to the field of teaching instrument demonstration. The demonstration instrument consists of an integrated electronic circuit, a testing rod, a testing clamp, and tester jacks. The integrated electronic circuit consists of a preposed stage, an amplification stage, an interlocking stage, a display pushing stage, a zero clearing stage, a display stage, and a voice stage. One of two tester jacks is connected with the input end of the electronic circuit, and the other jack is connected with a ground line. The testing clamp clamps a tested object. When the tested object is connected to two ends of a test hole, the integrated electronic circuit is started according to the conductive performances of the object, and the conductive performances of the object are presented through sound and light display, thereby enabling students to understand the conductivity condition from a perceptual angle and the concepts and significances of conductors, resistors and insulators and further to understand the significance of the ohm law, and enabling the students to lay a foundation. The instrument is low in cost, and can be popularized in schools.
Description
Technical field
Belong to instruments used for education demonstration field.
Background technology
Innovation is the soul of nationality, and young student are the strength of innovation.
The prosperity of country is talent, and the culture of talent is education.The emphasis teenager of education, juvenile Qiang Ze Guoqiang, the progressive then state progress of teenager, will cultivate teenager and science is had deep love for, it is crucial to improve the quality of teaching, and laboratory apparatus is precisely a key factor for improving teaching, laboratory apparatus is good, and the experiment done has more convincingness, so that students ' understanding things, understand natural phenomena, inspire the thinking of student, play an important role to improving level of education.Therefore, the various laboratory apparatus in teaching are all constantly being lifted, but also there are many weak points：One is the species deficiency of laboratory apparatus, also not comprehensive especially for the laboratory apparatus of the students of the junior years.Two be the spirit taught through lively activities in instruments used for education not enough, three be now majority instruments used for education cost it is too high, thus the village school remote to some can't spread to many universal instruments used for education.
Electricity is most important a kind of class in physics, full of magical Experiments of Electricity, the interest of teenager can be excited, simultaneously the basic conception to setting up electricity plays the role of important, if can develop a kind of multi-functional conduction demonstration instrument and demonstrator can visualize electricity part concept and law by abstract, it is clear that have positive help to educatee.
The content of the invention
In order to allow instruments used for education to spread to school of every institute, the species of abundant instruments used for education, the measure of the present invention is to develop integrated form conductance image demonstration instrument for teaching, its purpose one is to allow student from a kind of angle of perception, understands the situation of conductance, understands conductor, resistance, the concept and meaning of insulator object, and then understand the meaning of Ohm's law, thus allow student to lay the first stone.Two is the instrument because of the display with light with three kinds of colors of sound, therefore with certain interest, can cultivate numerous teenagers and science is had deep love for.Three is with low cost, can become a kind of instrument in the popularization of vast school.
Measure of the present invention is：
1st, integrated form conductance image demonstration instrument for teaching is collectively constituted by integrated electric electronic circuit, prod, test clip, tester jack.
Prod is made up of conductor, and appearance is surrounded by insulant；Test clip is made up of Crocodile-type clamp.
Tester jointing holes are made up of two jacks, and one of them is connected on the input of electronic circuit, on another connection ground wire.
Integrated type electrical circuit promotes level, clearing level, display level, voice level to constitute by prestage, amplifying stage, interlocking level, display.
Prestage indicates that protective resistance, test voltage indicator lamp are constituted by sensitive adjustable resistance, sensitive limiting resistance, preamplifier, test voltage.
Being mutually connected is; power supply is connect to outer jack one end; the positive terminal of another termination arithmetic unit; one end ground wire of sensitivity adjustable resistance; the end of oppisite phase of another termination preamplifier; sensitive limiting resistance is connected between the end of oppisite phase of preamplifier and output end; the output of preamplifier is the output of prestage; connect and indicate that protective resistance indicates one end of branch road with the test voltage being in series of test voltage indicator lamp by test voltage, test voltage indicates the other end ground wire of branch road.
Amplifying stage is made up of three units, is respectively the first amplifying unit, the second amplifying unit, the 3rd amplifying unit, wherein the first amplifying unit is made up of inclined resistance, amplifier integrated circuit one under inclined resistance one, preposition isolating diode one, end of oppisite phase on end of oppisite phase：The positive pole of preposition isolating diode one is the input of the first amplifying unit, it is connected in the output of prestage, the negative pole of preposition isolating diode one connects the positive terminal of amplifier integrated circuit one, the one of inclined resistance one terminates the end of oppisite phase of amplifier integrated circuit two in the second amplifying unit on end of oppisite phase, the end of oppisite phase of another termination amplifier integrated circuit one, inclined resistance is connected between the end of oppisite phase of amplifier integrated circuit one and ground wire under end of oppisite phase, and the output of amplifier integrated circuit one is the output of the first amplifying unit.
Second amplifying unit is made up of inclined resistance two, preposition isolating diode two, amplifier integrated circuit two on end of oppisite phase：The positive pole of preposition isolating diode two is the input of the second amplifying unit, it is connected in the output of prestage, the negative pole of preposition isolating diode two connects the positive terminal of amplifier integrated circuit two, the one of inclined resistance two terminates the end of oppisite phase of amplifier integrated circuit three in the 3rd amplifying unit on end of oppisite phase, the end of oppisite phase of another termination amplifier integrated circuit two, the output of amplifier integrated circuit two is the output of the second amplifying unit.
Second amplifying unit is made up of inclined resistance three, preposition isolating diode three, amplifier integrated circuit three on end of oppisite phase：The positive pole of preposition isolating diode three is the input of the 3rd amplifying unit, it is connected in the output of prestage, the negative pole of preposition isolating diode three connects the positive terminal of amplifier integrated circuit three, a termination power of inclined resistance three on end of oppisite phase, the end of oppisite phase of another termination amplifier integrated circuit three, the output of amplifier integrated circuit three is the output of the 3rd amplifying unit.
Interlocking level is made up of four interlocking diodes.
Show promote level by show promote a unit, show promote Unit two, show promote Unit three constitute.
Show and promote a unit to be reset resistance and constituted by a location counter, a location counter oscillating circuit, a location counter；Show and promote Unit two to be made up of the clearing resistance of two location counters one, two location counters two, the oscillating circuit of two location counter one, two counters；Show that promoting Unit three to reset isolating diode by three location counters one, three location counters two, three location counters three, the oscillating circuit of three location counter one, the clearing resistance of three block counters, three constitutes.
The positive pole of the first interlocking diode connects the output of the second amplifying unit, positive pole connects the clear terminal of a location counter, the positive pole of the other three interlocking diode connects the output of the 3rd amplifying unit, the negative pole of the second interlocking diode connects the clear terminal of three location counters, the negative pole of the 3rd interlocking diode connects the clear terminal of two location counters one, and the negative pole of the 4th interlocking diode connects the clear terminal of two location counters two.
The live wire of one location counter terminates the output of the first amplifying unit; the resistance that resets of one location counter is connected between the clear terminal of a location counter and ground wire; one location counter, two location counters one, three vibration ends of three location counters one connect consistent; one end of first vibration termination oscillating capacitance; the other end of oscillating capacitance is oscillation center point;, to oscillation center point, the 3rd vibration termination protective resistance is to oscillation center point for second vibration termination oscillation resistance.
The live wire of two location counters one terminates the output of the second amplifying unit, the resistance that resets of two location counters one is connected between the clear terminal of two location counters one and ground wire, the last output of two location counters one terminates the oscillation inputs of two location counters two, and the resistance that resets of two location counters two is connected between the clear terminal of two location counters two and ground wire.
The live wire Shang Dynasty of three location counters one connects the output of the 3rd amplifying unit，The resistance that resets of three location counters one is connected between the clear terminal of three location counters one and ground wire，The resistance that resets of three location counters two is connected between the clear terminal of two location counters two and ground wire，The resistance that resets of three location counters three is connected between the clear terminal of three location counters three and ground wire，The last output of three location counters one terminates the oscillation inputs of three location counters two，The last output of three location counters two terminates the oscillation inputs of three location counters three，The last output of three location counters three terminates the positive pole of three clearing isolating diodes，The negative pole of the first clearing isolating diode connects the clear terminal of three location counters one，The negative pole of the second clearing isolating diode connects the clear terminal of three location counters two，The negative pole of the 3rd clearing isolating diode connects the clear terminal of three location counters three.
Clear terminal per block counter all connects one and resets resistance to ground wire.
Display level is made up of the first display unit, the second display unit, the 3rd display unit, and 9 groups of display circuits are included in each display unit, and display circuit is made up of emitter follower, double anode common cathode luminous tube, double anode common cathode luminous tube common cathode resistance, steering diode.
N number of double anode common cathode luminous tube becomes a unit, an anode parallel connection of each double anode common cathode luminous tube, and another anode is in parallel, and every group of display circuit all includes a unit.
Every road output per block counter all connects the base stage of an emitter follower, the colelctor electrode of all emitter followers all connects power supply, every road of three location counters one exports the positive pole that the emitter stage of connected emitter follower all connects two steering diodes, and the emitter stage of the connected emitter of every road output of three location counters two all connects the positive pole of a steering diode.
The first anode is two-way in two anodes of first group of display circuit in first display unit，The emitter stage of the connected emitter follower of the first output of a location counter is connect all the way，Another road connects the negative pole that the first of three location counters one exports the first steering diode of connected emitter follower emitter stage，The positive pole of this steering diode connects the emitter stage that the first of three location counters one exports connected emitter follower，Another anode is also two-way，The emitter stage of the connected emitter follower of the first output of two location counters one is connect all the way，Another road connects the negative pole of the second steering diode of the emitter follower emitter stage of the first output connection of three location counters one，The first anode in second group of display circuit corresponds to respectively the second output of a location counter and the second output of three location counters one，Another anode corresponds to respectively the second output of two location counters one and the second output of three location counters one，Remaining seven groups of display circuit is sequentially connected.
The first anode connects the first of three location counters two and exports the emitter stage for connecting emitter follower in two anodes of first group of display circuit in second display unit，Another anode is two-way，The emitter stage of the connected emitter follower of the first output of two location counters two is connect all the way，Another road connects the first output of three location counters two and connects the negative pole that emitter follower emitter stage connects the first steering diode，The first anode connects the second of three location counters two and exports the emitter stage for connecting emitter follower in second group of display circuit in second display unit，Another anode is two-way，The emitter stage of the connected emitter follower of the second output of two location counters two is connect all the way，Another road connects the second output of three location counters two and connects the negative pole that emitter follower emitter stage connects the second steering diode，The 3rd group of display circuit correspondence counter the 3rd is exported in second display unit，Remaining six groups of display circuit is sequentially connected.
The first anode is connected with second plate in two anodes of first group of display circuit in 3rd display unit, the first output for connecing three location counters three connects the emitter stage of emitter follower, the first anode is connected with second plate in two anodes of second group of display circuit in 3rd display unit, the second output for connecing three location counters three connects the emitter stage of emitter follower, the first anode is connected with second plate in two anodes of the 3rd group of display circuit in 3rd display unit, the 3rd output for connecing three location counters three connects the emitter stage of emitter follower, 6 groups of display circuits of remaining in 3rd display unit are sequentially connected.
Double anode common cathode luminous tube in display circuit in each unit connects respectively a common cathode resistance to ground wire.
Voice level is collectively constituted by the first voice unit, the second voice unit, the 3rd voice unit.
First output of location counter of one end connection one of the first voice unit is connect on the emitter stage of emitter follower；The other end is grounded.
One end connection of the second voice unit shows the emitter stage for promoting two the first outputs of counter in Unit two to connect emitter follower；The other end is grounded.
One end connection of the 3rd voice unit shows the emitter stage for promoting three the first outputs of block counter in Unit three to connect emitter follower；The other end is grounded.
Reset level by differential circuit, compare amplifying circuit, reset OR gate diode constitute.
The output of one termination prestage of differential capacitance, the other end is two-way, discharge resistance is connect all the way to ground wire, another road connects the positive terminal of comparison amplifier, inclined resistance is connected between the output of comparison amplifier and end of oppisite phase in comparison, inclined resistance is connected between the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier and ground wire under relatively, and the positive pole of 6 clearing OR gate diodes of output termination of comparison amplifier, the clear terminal per block counter all connects the negative pole of a clearing OR gate diode.
2nd, the binary counter CD4060 for promoting the counter in level to be all is shown.
3rd, all emitter followers all adopt 8050.
Meaning interpretation to above-mentioned measure is as follows：
First, the principle produced by whole circuit diagram：When the object surveyed is connected in instrument connection two ends, according to the conductive performance of object, prestage level is to be linked to be proportional amplifier with amplifier is integrated, so when input has signal input, it is when the object surveyed is connected in instrument connection two ends, according to the conductive performance of object, its output will produce output signal, and the output signal exports amplification of making comparisons in the comparison amplifier of rear class.Because the level is input into using positive terminal, so there is very high input impedance.Prestage has output, according to the ladder degree that amplifier integrated circuit is formed, promotion level is shown so as to encourage, promote correspondence display unit, because this instrument is designed with clearing level, when its function is to test every time, transient voltage will be added to reset all counter O reset ends in pushing unit action, so as to ensure that the logically true of display level.
Two, the threshold voltage of three amplifier integrated circuits is different, become the numerical value of ladder, as can be seen from Figure 2, the threshold voltage of the amplifier integrated circuit in the first amplifying unit is minimum, the door circuit of the amplifier integrated circuit in the second amplifying unit takes second place, the threshold voltage highest of the amplifier integrated circuit of the 3rd amplifying unit, therefore, when prestage has output, what is opened at first must be the first amplifying unit, so in testing, good conductor is premenstrual to be put after pipe amplification, can exceed that the minimum first module of door, the characteristics of three amplifying units one is using amplifier integrated circuit, define comparison voltage, so triggering door threshold values feature is strong, there is very high sensitivity simultaneously.Or two be output end be high-order, or being low level, output characteristic is strong.Three is three amplifier integrated circuits（In Fig. 2 3.11,3.21,3.31）Positive terminal input is, benefit input impedance is very high, affects very little, and is welded with preposition isolating diode between the input of three amplifier integrated circuits in addition（In Fig. 2 3.13,3.23,3.33）, so impact will not be produced each other.
Although the 3, interlocking level simply four interlocking diode compositions, but it ensure that the display of demonstrator will not be disorderly, its reason is, when one amplifying unit of highest in amplifying stage has output, the high signal triggering of output can be triggered the interlocking diode for being connected the counter O reset end corresponding with minimum comparing unit taken second place, so the counter of Unit two is without output, will not show.That is to say when the 3rd amplifying unit has output, three interlocking diodes that it is connect will be to the counter O reset corresponding with a unit of Unit two, thus except the corresponding counter of Unit three, remaining counter will not show without output.
In the same manner, when the secondary high unit in amplifying stage（That is the second amplifying unit）When having output, the high signal triggering of output can be touched minimum amplifying unit by the interlocking diode for being connected（That is the first amplifying unit）Correspondence counter O reset end, so the counter of the unit is without output, will not show.
For above-mentioned reasons, so display only has a kind of rule of conductance and shows, and there is no the Coexistence Situation of two kinds of situations, so the effect for showing is unique, disorder in logic will not be produced.
4th, show and promote level each unit to be connected to display level correspondence luminous tube, the excitation of this this each unit determines the quantity and rule of institute's running fire light pipe.Show that the structure for promoting level to be formed is as follows with principle：Three amplifying units in amplifying stage correspond to show the unit promoted in level respectively, show and promote three units in level to correspond respectively to a display unit, due to showing that the core members for promoting level are counters, so the output end of each amplifying unit is connected to a power end for showing front block counter in pushing unit, each output one emitter follower of termination of counter, the emitter stage directly excitation of the emitter follower luminous tube of display level, the connected luminous tube quantity of counter of each unit is different, and has apparent difference.The exciting signal frequency of each unit is also completely different, and view effect has obvious difference.
9 groups of display circuits are included in display level in each display unit, every group of display circuit includes a unit formed by N number of double anode common cathode luminous tube, and display circuit is made up of emitter follower, double anode common cathode luminous tube, double anode common cathode luminous tube common cathode resistance, steering diode.
One unit by N number of double anode common cathode luminous tube an anode parallel connection, another anode is in parallel and formed.
So having 9 outputs to correspond to 9 units per block counter.
1st, show and promote first module.
The characteristics of unit one is that door is minimum, it can only be threshold values that the minimum object of conductance may pass through, two is that counter is made up of binary counter such as CD4060, three be the unit counter it is minimum, four is the frequency of counter for most slow, five is the pole that the emitter stage of the emitter follower of the output end of counter is connected to display level double anode common cathode luminous tube, thus the color produced by the luminous tube for being encouraged is a kind of color.
Because as above feature, so the bright rule one of its luminous tube is the rule of binary counter output, be before this location counter first be output as height, therefore the emitter follower emitter stage that it is connect first has high pressure, so being that the unit is first bright, unit lights after being then.Two be bright luminous tube be only a part for numerous luminous tubes, and be a minimum part.Three be luminous tube by put out brighten when, frequency is extremely low.
2nd, show and promote second unit.
The characteristics of unit one is that door is higher than a unit, but it is lower than Unit the 3rd, so can only be the threshold values that the medium physics of conductance passes through, two is that counter is made up of binary counter such as CD4060, three be the unit counter it is more than a unit, four be counter frequency it is faster than first module, and have a significant difference, but it is slower than Unit the 3rd, five is the second pole that the emitter stage of the emitter follower of the output end of counter is connected to display level double anode common cathode luminous tube, thus the color produced by the luminous tube for being encouraged is second color.
As mentioned above the characteristics of, the counter of Unit 2 two is series connection, the last output end for being two location counters one is connected to the oscillation inputs of two location counters two, therefore, only finish in the carry of two location counter one, two location counters two just start carry, bright luminous tube is only a part for numerous luminous tubes, luminous tube by put out brighten when, frequency is very fast.
3rd, show and promote Unit the 3rd.
The characteristics of unit one is door highest, so can only be the threshold values that the best good conductor of conductance passes through, two is that counter is made up of decade counter such as CD4060, three is that output end used by the counter of the unit is most, four is that the output end of counter passes through OR gate diode while being connected to two anodes of display level double anode common cathode luminous tube, thus the color produced by the luminous tube for being encouraged is the third color.Five is that last output end of last block counter of counter resets to the clear terminal of all counters.
As mentioned above the characteristics of, the counter of Unit three is series connection, the last output end for being three location counters one is connected to the oscillation inputs of three location counters two, the last output end of three location counters two is connected to the oscillation inputs of three location counters three, therefore, only finish in the carry of three location counter one, three location counters two just start carry, simultaneously, when last output of three location counters two of need has a high position, three location counters three just start carry, so the luminous tube of display level that the unit is encouraged, is recurrent state.
5th, display level is made up of the first display unit, the second display unit, the 3rd display unit, 9 groups of display circuits are included in each display unit, display circuit is made up of emitter follower, double anode common cathode luminous tube, double anode common cathode luminous tube common cathode resistance, steering diode.
N number of double anode common cathode luminous tube becomes a unit, an anode parallel connection of each double anode common cathode luminous tube, and another anode is in parallel, and every group of display circuit all includes a unit.
In fig. 3, expression be the first display unit luminous instruction figure, to express clearly, only express the first group of display circuit and the 9th group of display circuit in the first display unit.
Represented by accompanying drawing 4 is the luminous instruction figure of the second display unit, to express clearly, only expresses first group of display circuit and the 9th group of display circuit in the second display unit.
Represented by accompanying drawing 5 is the luminous instruction figure of the 3rd display unit, to express clearly, only expresses first group of display circuit and the 9th group of display circuit in the 3rd display unit.
An only block counter in a unit is promoted due to showing, so promotion Unit one is not shown in the second display unit and the 3rd display unit, and display to be promoted and have two block counters in Unit two, so only corresponding to three location counters three in the 3rd display unit.
Because each output of counter increased emitter follower, so extending power, counter each output can be with multiple luminous tubes, for convenience of expression, each has only drawn three luminous tubes in accompanying drawing, is that multiple luminous tubes become a unit, and same quantity can be with many luminous tubes, it is more macroscopical in display portion, thus more have teaching efficiency.
There are following characteristics the part:
One is that these numerous luminous tubes can according to certain rules make mechanical arrangement, can form various good visual effects.
Two are because employing double anode common cathode luminous tube, while being connected to OR gate diode on two units jointly anode of the luminous tube of connection, so being independent of each other during excitation, can send three kinds of colors.Represent different element excitations.
Three is that, because the luminous tube of display level is corresponding with three units respectively, so the quantity of every group of luminous tube, bright frequency, mode, color is all different.Can there is the situation of three kinds of colors in luminous tube.
6th, due in counter, the triggering of the voice sheet for being connected changes with the output digit of counter, when the position of counter is output as a high position, a just voice sheet pronunciation of triggering, so voice sheet presents the pronunciation of the time in cycle, because the cycle time of counter can be adjusted flexibly, so the cycle of voice sheet is flexibly adjustable.
7th, level principle and feature are reset.
It is to be linked to be proportional amplifier with amplifier is integrated to reset level, so when input has signal input, its output will produce output signal, and the output signal is connected to the clear terminal in all counters in rear class, so amplification of currently making comparisons.Because the level is input into using positive terminal, so there is very high input impedance.Because this grade of input employs differential input, so when prestage has output, resetting level and being output as differential form, the clear terminal of all counters can be reset.Due to clear to counter every time zero, so when the light of display level shows, it is always the first order and shows and start.
Have the advantages that after enforcement following prominent：
1st, electricity is content important in physics, and student clearly can cross instrument and come to realize and arrive, and what is good conductor, resistance, insulator, the concept of electric current, help beginner set up most basic concept in electricity play the role of it is positive.
2nd, Ohm's law is most important philosophy in electricity, and learning in-depth study of the Ohm's law to electricity well has important place mat effect.Beginner feels that definition is abstract, is demonstrated with shaping by this instrument, and beginner can be made to understand Ohm's law digestion, rather than simply produces simply mechanical stiff memory.
The timing of voltage one that A, sizing ground demonstration Ohm's law are disclosed, the relation between electric current and resistance.Resistance is bigger, the less visual effect of electric current.
And numerous luminous tube implied meanings of this instrument are a rivers, abstract electric current metaphor is become into current.When electric current crosses test body, the phenomenon that the high object of conductance is demonstrated is that electric current can flow to terminal as river from initial point,（Intuitive visual effect be intended in the luminous tube of initial point and the luminous tube of terminal it is bright,）And speed is quickly（It is embodied in frequency fast, and produces circulation）, thus intuitive visual effect is electric current crosses the resistance being subject to during object（That is resistance）Very little, thus electric current is very unimpeded.The kind of object that electricity passes through conductance difference, the resistance being subject to is big（I.e. resistance is big）, as current, flow difficulties, not only speed is slow（Intuitive visual effect is that frequency is slow）, and stream is difficult to terminal.（The luminous tube for being embodied in terminal does not work, and can only be that initial point and later part luminous tube are bright）.
B, sizing ground demonstration Ohm's law disclose when resistance is a timing, voltage is bigger, and electric current is bigger.And voltage is less, the less visual effect of electric current.
With a resistance as test object, it shows that luminous tube is that part luminous tube is bright during demonstration, now reduce the resistance of sensitivity adjustment resistance, test voltage indicator lamp becomes clear, its demonstration meaning is to improve the terminal voltage of institute's measuring resistance, the now bright quantity raise-position of the luminous tube of display level becomes the phenomenon of the embodiment of good conductor, so as to represent the visual effect of electric current increase.Conversely, now increasing the resistance of sensitivity adjustment resistance, test voltage indicator lamp puts out, and its demonstration meaning is to reduce the terminal voltage of institute's measuring resistance, now shows that the bright quantity decrease of luminous tube becomes the phenomenon of the big performance of resistance, so as to represent that electric current is reduced.
Because this instrument largest benefit is abstract concept to be become into visualization, this is particularly the student education in outlying mountain area to beginner, is helpful.
3rd, this instrument be mainly to aid in beginner it is cognitive and to conductor, insulator, resistance, electric current, the sizing of Ohm's law concept understand makes demonstration, its largest benefit is the meaning that the electricity abstract to these has related parameter, from multi-angle, many visual angles come to realize, abstract thing is become into intelligible phenomenon, mainly have it is following some：
First, display level is luminous nest of tubes, and its layout can become everybody thing familiar to institute, such as be arranged in a river of analogy meaning, will become familiar vivid current by the abstract current analog of physics, become the first visual angle.
Two and plus the conductor tested, resistance, insulator and passed through test body are that this rule river represents, therefore comparativity, and intuitive is strong.
3rd, electric current is strong, and bright luminous tube is rapid for all, and produces circulation, visually represents that electric current flows very smooth as current.It is part with little, bright luminous tube in electric current, or minimum number, and also frequency is slack-off therewith, or it is most slow, and beginner understands easy.
Resistance very little of the good conductor to electricity, so electric current is very big.
, there is resistance in the little resistance of resistance value, be resistance to electric current, and carrying on as before can be conductive, so bright luminous tube number is still more, frequency is very fast, but circulation can not be produced as conductor, visually represents electric current as current, though can flow, it is not smooth.
Resistance is excessive, and conductance is poor, and bright luminous tube is little, and bright frequency is very slow, also may circulation.It visually represents electric current as current, and when electric current flows on resistance, resistance is very big, therefore electric current flowing is highly difficult and painstaking.
Insulator is because completely non-conductive, so luminous tube does not work completely,
Test good conductor, when resistance, insulator, the bright color of luminous tube is different, and every kind of color corresponds to a type objects, and this polychrome is corresponded to respectively, has both been easy to memory to understand.
There is voice to report, thus a surname has contaminated atmosphere.
With the popularization and decentralization of teaching material, beginner's age is little, therefore this demonstrator is it is also noted that the interest of demonstrative process, and These characteristics, just allowing for this reality.
4th, this instrument can allow student to understand some simple physicals and chemical phenomenon, to encourage teen-age science passion.
（1）, set up the most basic concept of semiconductor.
The both sexes of one diode are inserted in instrument connection by polarity, is now shown and good conductor phenomenon is occurred.If in reversed polarity insertion instrument connection, now showing the obstructed electrical phenomena that insulator occurs.
（2）, set up the object conductance concept relevant with temperature.
Insert respectively in this instrument one end such as two prods matched somebody with somebody with this instrument, the other end of prod is individually placed in the container for putting water, adjust the distance of prod, at this moment the luminous tube of display level can not work completely, plus hot water at this moment, at this moment the luminous tube of display level can change, and this explanation temperature is raised and reduced, and affects conductance.
（3）, understand electrolyte conductance phenomenon.
The process of prod as above, with salt is at this moment added in water, at this moment the passage can become the dispaly state of conducting again, and this illustrates electric conductor not just metal class of solid-state, and is present in liquid.
（4）, to understand same object conductivity relevant with environment.
The two ends of dry timber are such as clamped with Crocodile-type clamp, at this moment display level luminous tube is seldom bright, or even does not work, but water is sprinkled upon on this material tested, and the bright quantity of luminous tube can increase, electric conductivity can increase after this explanation timber makes moist.
5th, in presentation process, because having power expansion level, it is possible to which, with larger display tube, demonstrating effect is more macroscopical.
6th, the broadcast rhythm of voice sheet is higher, and he can periodically send voice, and the time in cycle can be flexibly high whole.
7th, whole circuit is made up of integrated circuit, and model is unified, thus is quite produced, and reliability is high, low cost, is easy to popularization.
8th, performance is good.Because one be it is at different levels match and each unit between, and circuit is simplified, while being designed with clearing unit, it is ensured that logically true.Two is that the threshold voltage of each unit in amplifying stage adopts series relationship, therefore threshold voltage gap is fairly obvious, becomes threshold values ladder.Three be the amplifying stage in this instrument be the important logic of this instrument the first order, and it is the important classical circuit of electronic circuit to compare amplifying circuit, reliable, and sensitivity is high.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the correlation figure between integrated form conductance image demonstration instrument for teaching unit.
In figure：1st, the input of prod；2nd, prestage；3rd, amplifying stage；3.1st, the first amplifying unit；3.2nd, the second amplifying unit；3.3rd, the 3rd amplifying unit；4th, level is interlocked；4.1st, the second amplifying unit exports connect interlocking diode；4.2nd, the interlocking diode that the output of the 3rd amplifying unit is connect；5th, show and promote level；5.1st, show and promote a unit；5.11st, a location counter；5.2nd, show and promote Unit two；5.21st, two location counter one；5.22nd, two location counter two；5.3rd, show and promote Unit three；5.31st, three location counter one；5.32nd, three location counter two；5.33rd, three location counter three；7th, display level；7.1st, the first display unit；7.2nd, the second display unit；7.3rd, the 3rd display unit；8th, voice level；8.1st, the first voice unit；8.2nd, the second voice unit；8.3rd, the 3rd voice unit；9th, level is reset.
Fig. 2 is a kind of electronic component schematic diagram (the figure shows amplifying stage has multiple units) of integrated form conductance image demonstration instrument for teaching first half.
In figure：1.1st, to outer jack；2.1st, preamplifier；2.2nd, sensitive limiting resistance；2.3rd, sensitive adjustable resistance；2.4th, test voltage indicates protective resistance；2.5th, test voltage indicator lamp；3.11st, amplifier integrated circuit one；3.12nd, inclined resistance one on end of oppisite phase；3.13rd, preposition isolating diode one；3.5th, inclined resistance under end of oppisite phase；3.21st, amplifier integrated circuit two；3.22nd, inclined resistance two on end of oppisite phase；3.23rd, preposition isolating diode two；3.31st, amplifier integrated circuit three；3.32nd, inclined resistance three on end of oppisite phase；3.33rd, preposition isolating diode three；4.1st, the second amplifying unit exports connect interlocking diode；4.21st, the 3rd amplifying unit exports connect interlocking diode one；4.22nd, the 3rd amplifying unit exports connect interlocking diode two；4.23rd, the 3rd amplifying unit exports connect interlocking diode three；5.11st, a location counter；5.112nd, the clearing resistance of a location counter；5.117th, the oscillating capacitance of a location counter；5.118th, the oscillation resistance of a location counter；5.119th, the protective resistance of a location counter；5.21st, two location counter one；5.212nd, the clearing resistance of two location counters one；5.217th, the oscillating capacitance of two location counters one；5.218th, the oscillation resistance of two location counters one；5.219th, the protective resistance of two location counters one；5.22nd, two location counter two；5.222nd, the clearing resistance of two location counters two；5.31st, three location counter one；5.311st, first isolating diode is reset；5.312nd, the clearing resistance of three location counters one；5.317th, the oscillating capacitance of three location counters one；5.318th, the oscillation resistance of three location counters one；5.319th, the protective resistance of three location counters one；5.32nd, three location counter two；5.321st, war industry second resets isolating diode；5.322nd, the clearing resistance of three location counters two；5.33rd, three location counter three；5.331st, the 3rd isolating diode is reset；5.332nd, the clearing resistance of three location counters three；7.11st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of a location counter；7.19th, the 9th of a location counter exports connect emitter follower；7.211st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of two location counters one；7.219th, the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of two location counters one；7.221st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of two location counters two；7.229th, the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of two location counters two；7.311st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of three location counters one；7.319th, the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of three location counters one；7.321st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of three location counters two；7.329th, the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of three location counters two；7.331st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of three location counters three；7.339th, the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of three location counters three；8.1st, the first voice unit；8.2, the second voice unit；8.3rd, the 3rd voice unit；9.1st, comparison amplifier；9.2nd, differential capacitance；9.3rd, discharge resistance；9.4th, inclined resistance in comparison；9.5th, inclined resistance under comparing；9.511st, the clearing OR gate diode that a location counter clear terminal is connect；9.521st, the clearing OR gate diode that the clear terminal of two location counter one is connect；9.522nd, the clearing OR gate diode that the clear terminal of two location counter two is connect；9.531st, the clearing OR gate diode that the clear terminal of three location counter one is connect；9.532nd, the clearing OR gate diode that the clear terminal of three location counter two is connect；9.533rd, the clearing OR gate diode that the clear terminal of three location counter three is connect.
Fig. 3 is the luminous instruction figure of the first display unit.
In figure：7.11st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of a location counter；7.211st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of two location counters one；7.311st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of three location counters one；7.31st, the second steering diode of the connect emitter follower of the first output of three location counters one；7.30th, the first steering diode of the connect emitter follower of the first output of three location counters one；7.011st, in the first display unit the first unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.0111st, in the first display unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube of the first unit common cathode resistance；7.012nd, in the first display unit the first unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.0121st, in the first display unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube of the first unit common cathode resistance；7.013rd, in the first display unit the first unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.0131st, in the first display unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube of the first unit common cathode resistance；7.19th, the 9th of a location counter exports connect emitter follower；7.219th, the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of two location counters one；7.319th, the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of three location counters one；7.33rd, the second steering diode of the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of three location counters one；7.32nd, the first steering diode of the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of three location counters one；7.091st, in the first display unit the 9th unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.0911st, in the first display unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube of the 9th unit common cathode resistance；7.092nd, in the first display unit the 9th unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.0921st, in the first display unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube of the 9th unit common cathode resistance；7.093, in the first display unit the 9th unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.0931st, in the first display unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube of the 9th unit common cathode resistance.
Fig. 4 is the luminous instruction figure of the second display unit.
In figure：7.221st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of two location counters two；7.321st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of three location counters two；7.34th, the first output of three location counters two connects the steering diode of emitter follower；7.35th, the 9th output of three location counters two connects the steering diode of emitter follower；7.111st, in the second display unit the first unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.1111st, in the second display unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube of the first unit common cathode resistance；7.112nd, in the second display unit the first unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.1121st, in the second display unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube of the first unit common cathode resistance；7.113rd, in the second display unit the first unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.1131st, in the second display unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube of the first unit common cathode resistance；7.229th, the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of two location counters two；7.329th, the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of three location counters two；7.191st, in the second display unit the 9th unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.1911st, in the second display unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube of the 9th unit common cathode resistance；7.192nd, in the second display unit the 9th unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.1921st, in the second display unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube of the 9th unit common cathode resistance；7.193rd, in the second display unit the 9th unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.1931st, in the second display unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube of the 9th unit common cathode resistance.
Fig. 5 is the luminous instruction figure of the 3rd display unit.
In figure：7.331st, the connect emitter follower of the first output of three location counters three；7.201st, in the 3rd display unit the first unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.2011st, in the 3rd display unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube of the first unit common cathode resistance；7.202nd, in the 3rd display unit the first unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.2021st, in the 3rd display unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube of the first unit common cathode resistance；7.203rd, in the 3rd display unit the first unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.2031st, in the 3rd display unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube of the first unit common cathode resistance；7.339th, the connect emitter follower of the 9th output of three location counters three；7.391st, in the 3rd display unit the 9th unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.3911st, in the 3rd display unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube of the 9th unit common cathode resistance；7.392nd, in the 3rd display unit the 9th unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.3921st, in the 3rd display unit second double anode common cathode luminous tube of the 9th unit common cathode resistance；7.393rd, in the 3rd display unit the 9th unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube；7.3931st, in the 3rd display unit the 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube of the 9th unit common cathode resistance.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1,2,3,4,5 describe a kind of mode being embodied as jointly.
First, element is selected：Active part is selected by figure, preamplifier, comparison amplifier, amplifier integrated circuit use LM324, show and promote the counter in level to select binary counter CD4060, emitter follower selects 8050, the oscillation resistance in sensitive adjustable resistance and oscillator stage in prestage selects adjustable resistance, the little species of oscillating capacitance choosing electric leakage., without particular/special requirement, the voice sheet in voice level records in advance content pronunciation content for other voltage-stabiliser tubes, diode and resistor-capacitor unit, the voice sheet for such as matching with Unit the 3rd should record out in advance be good conductor sound, or the first music.Such as should record out in advance with the voice sheet of second unit pairing be conductor sound, or second music.It is the very poor object of conductance that such as should record out in advance with the voice sheet of first module pairing, or the third music.
2nd, weld：Correlation between integrated form conductance image demonstration instrument for teaching unit is welded by Fig. 1, the prestage of integrated form conductance image demonstration instrument for teaching, amplifying stage, display promote the electronic component principle of level to weld as shown in Figure 2, display level such as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 welding.
3rd, debug.
1st, check and debugging prestage.
A demonstration resistance is first determined, depending on the resistance of resistance is wanted according to design.False test body is connected to into instrument connection two ends.The voltage between the colelctor electrode and ground wire of preposition pipe is detected with voltmeter.
It is powered and checks, by the 2.01, resistance of sensitivity adjustable resistance, maximum is transferred to from minimum of a value, now the colelctor electrode of preposition pipe has maximum output with minimum output, its maximum exceedes the triggering threshold values of the unit of amplifying stage the 3rd, triggering threshold values of the minimum of a value less than or equal to first module.Simultaneously the resistance of sensitivity adjustable resistance is when certain interval, and test voltage indicator lamp is bright；When certain interval, test voltage indicator lamp is bright to be put out.
2nd, the cooperation of prestage and amplifying stage is debugged.
A false test body is first welded, the test body is in series by a fixed resistance with adjustable resistance.The series connection resistance of two resistance is according to most having depending on the resistance of representative.False test body is connected to into instrument connection two ends.Simultaneously sensitivity adjustable resistance is transferred to into moderate position, with voltmeter the voltage between prestage output and ground wire is detected.
A, energization check that the resistance of fictitious load is transferred to into maximum, and now amplifying stage only first module output end has high-order output.If without output, inclined resistance one on end of oppisite phase should be reduced（3.12 in Fig. 2）Value.
B, energization check that the resistance of fictitious load is transferred to into intermediate value, and now amplifying stage only second unit output end has high-order output.If without output, inclined resistance two on end of oppisite phase should be reduced（3.22 in Fig. 2）Voltage stabilizing value.
C, energization check that the resistance of fictitious load is transferred to into minimum of a value, and now amplifying stage only the 3rd unit output end has high-order output.If without output, inclined resistance three on end of oppisite phase should be reduced（3.32 in Fig. 2）Value.
3rd, check and show promotion level and display level.
When all luminous tubes of display level are installed, all luminous tubes are arranged in a line.
A, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to the first amplifying unit, the now only bright part therein of the luminous tube in display level, it is to promote that to show that all output ends of first module counter connect the corresponding all luminous tubes of emitter follower emitter stage bright, otherwise it is that the counter output of the unit is not connected with the luminous tube of display level upper or even wrong and bright rule is to should be successively and bright.
Simultaneously bright luminous tube is the first color, is otherwise that the anodic bonding to double anode common cathode luminous tube is wrong.
B, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to the second amplifying unit, now the luminous tube in display level is in addition to all of luminous tube Ying Liang of first module, a part of new luminous tube should also be increased, it is to promote to show that all output ends of two location counters connect the corresponding all luminous tubes of emitter follower emitter stage, otherwise it is that each output end of counter and corresponding luminous tube of second unit in display level is not connected upper or even wrong and bright rule is to should be successively and bright.
Simultaneously bright luminous tube is second color, is otherwise that the anodic bonding to double anode common cathode luminous tube is wrong.
C, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to the 3rd amplifying unit, now all luminous tubes in display level all should be bright successively, and whole luminous tube should it is bright once.Otherwise it is that each output end of counter of Unit the 3rd in display level and luminous tube are not connected with upper or wrong weldering.
Simultaneously bright luminous tube is the third color, is otherwise even wrong with the connected OR gate diode of output end
Simultaneously the bright generation circulation of all luminous tubes, is that last output end of last block counter is not connected with the clear terminal of all counters in Unit the 3rd if not circulating.
4th, the situation of voice level is examined.
A, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to the first amplifying unit, now the unit of voice one should send the voice for matching therewith, it is impossible to it is disorderly.
B, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to the second amplifying unit, now the unit of voice one should send the voice for matching therewith, it is impossible to it is disorderly.
C, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to the 3rd amplifying unit, now the unit of voice one should send the voice for matching therewith, it is impossible to it is disorderly.
5th, to check and reset unit with debugging.
Oscillograph inspection is used, with oscillograph hot junction connecting test point, cold end ground connection.
A, the output end for connecting comparison amplifier with ripple device hot junction, when each instrument connection is connected with test body, the output end of comparison amplifier has the high-order output of transient state, because this grade of circuit multiplication factor is high, should not produce failure, is otherwise Miswire.
B, with ripple device hot junction connection each unit counter O reset end, when each instrument connection is connected with test body, each unit counter O reset end has transient state high-order, while the bright logical order of the luminous tube of display level is not disorderly.Otherwise it is that clearing OR gate diode polarity connected with clear terminal welds anti-or sealing-off.
Claims (3)
1. integrated form conductance image demonstration instrument for teaching, is characterized in that：Collectively constituted by integrated electric electronic circuit, prod, test clip, tester jack；
Prod is made up of conductor, and appearance is surrounded by insulant；Test clip is made up of Crocodile-type clamp；
Tester jointing holes are made up of two jacks, and one of them is connected on the input of electronic circuit, on another connection ground wire；
Integrated type electrical circuit promotes level, clearing level, display level, voice level to constitute by prestage, amplifying stage, interlocking level, display；
Prestage indicates that protective resistance, test voltage indicator lamp are constituted by sensitive adjustable resistance, sensitive limiting resistance, preamplifier, test voltage；
Being mutually connected is; power supply is connect to outer jack one end; the positive terminal of another termination arithmetic unit; one end ground wire of sensitivity adjustable resistance; the end of oppisite phase of another termination preamplifier; sensitive limiting resistance is connected between the end of oppisite phase of preamplifier and output end; the output of preamplifier is the output of prestage; connect and indicate that protective resistance indicates one end of branch road with the test voltage being in series of test voltage indicator lamp by test voltage, test voltage indicates the other end ground wire of branch road；
Amplifying stage is made up of three units, is respectively the first amplifying unit, the second amplifying unit, the 3rd amplifying unit, wherein the first amplifying unit is made up of inclined resistance, amplifier integrated circuit one under inclined resistance one, preposition isolating diode one, end of oppisite phase on end of oppisite phase：The positive pole of preposition isolating diode one is the input of the first amplifying unit, it is connected in the output of prestage, the negative pole of preposition isolating diode one connects the positive terminal of amplifier integrated circuit one, the one of inclined resistance one terminates the end of oppisite phase of amplifier integrated circuit two in the second amplifying unit on end of oppisite phase, the end of oppisite phase of another termination amplifier integrated circuit one, inclined resistance is connected between the end of oppisite phase of amplifier integrated circuit one and ground wire under end of oppisite phase, and the output of amplifier integrated circuit one is the output of the first amplifying unit；
Second amplifying unit is made up of inclined resistance two, preposition isolating diode two, amplifier integrated circuit two on end of oppisite phase：The positive pole of preposition isolating diode two is the input of the second amplifying unit, it is connected in the output of prestage, the negative pole of preposition isolating diode two connects the positive terminal of amplifier integrated circuit two, the one of inclined resistance two terminates the end of oppisite phase of amplifier integrated circuit three in the 3rd amplifying unit on end of oppisite phase, the end of oppisite phase of another termination amplifier integrated circuit two, the output of amplifier integrated circuit two is the output of the second amplifying unit；
Second amplifying unit is made up of inclined resistance three, preposition isolating diode three, amplifier integrated circuit three on end of oppisite phase：The positive pole of preposition isolating diode three is the input of the 3rd amplifying unit, it is connected in the output of prestage, the negative pole of preposition isolating diode three connects the positive terminal of amplifier integrated circuit three, a termination power of inclined resistance three on end of oppisite phase, the end of oppisite phase of another termination amplifier integrated circuit three, the output of amplifier integrated circuit three is the output of the 3rd amplifying unit；
Interlocking level is made up of four interlocking diodes；
Show promote level by show promote a unit, show promote Unit two, show promote Unit three constitute；
Show and promote a unit to be reset resistance and constituted by a location counter, a location counter oscillating circuit, a location counter；Show and promote Unit two to be made up of the clearing resistance of two location counters one, two location counters two, the oscillating circuit of two location counter one, two counters；Show that promoting Unit three to reset isolating diode by three location counters one, three location counters two, three location counters three, the oscillating circuit of three location counter one, the clearing resistance of three block counters, three constitutes；
The positive pole of the first interlocking diode connects the output of the second amplifying unit, positive pole connects the clear terminal of a location counter, the positive pole of the other three interlocking diode connects the output of the 3rd amplifying unit, the negative pole of the second interlocking diode connects the clear terminal of three location counters, the negative pole of the 3rd interlocking diode connects the clear terminal of two location counters one, and the negative pole of the 4th interlocking diode connects the clear terminal of two location counters two；
The live wire of one location counter terminates the output of the first amplifying unit; the resistance that resets of one location counter is connected between the clear terminal of a location counter and ground wire; one location counter, two location counters one, three vibration ends of three location counters one connect consistent; one end of first vibration termination oscillating capacitance; the other end of oscillating capacitance is oscillation center point;, to oscillation center point, the 3rd vibration termination protective resistance is to oscillation center point for second vibration termination oscillation resistance；
The live wire of two location counters one terminates the output of the second amplifying unit, the resistance that resets of two location counters one is connected between the clear terminal of two location counters one and ground wire, the last output of two location counters one terminates the oscillation inputs of two location counters two, and the resistance that resets of two location counters two is connected between the clear terminal of two location counters two and ground wire；
The live wire Shang Dynasty of three location counters one connects the output of the 3rd amplifying unit，The resistance that resets of three location counters one is connected between the clear terminal of three location counters one and ground wire，The resistance that resets of three location counters two is connected between the clear terminal of two location counters two and ground wire，The resistance that resets of three location counters three is connected between the clear terminal of three location counters three and ground wire，The last output of three location counters one terminates the oscillation inputs of three location counters two，The last output of three location counters two terminates the oscillation inputs of three location counters three，The last output of three location counters three terminates the positive pole of three clearing isolating diodes，The negative pole of the first clearing isolating diode connects the clear terminal of three location counters one，The negative pole of the second clearing isolating diode connects the clear terminal of three location counters two，The negative pole of the 3rd clearing isolating diode connects the clear terminal of three location counters three；
Clear terminal per block counter all connects one and resets resistance to ground wire；
Display level is made up of the first display unit, the second display unit, the 3rd display unit, and 9 groups of display circuits are included in each display unit, and display circuit is made up of emitter follower, double anode common cathode luminous tube, double anode common cathode luminous tube common cathode resistance, steering diode；
N number of double anode common cathode luminous tube becomes a unit, an anode parallel connection of each double anode common cathode luminous tube, and another anode is in parallel, and every group of display circuit all includes a unit；
Every road output per block counter all connects the base stage of an emitter follower, the colelctor electrode of all emitter followers all connects power supply, every road of three location counters one exports the positive pole that the emitter stage of connected emitter follower all connects two steering diodes, and the emitter stage of the connected emitter of every road output of three location counters two all connects the positive pole of a steering diode；
The first anode is two-way in two anodes of first group of display circuit in first display unit，The emitter stage of the connected emitter follower of the first output of a location counter is connect all the way，Another road connects the negative pole that the first of three location counters one exports the first steering diode of connected emitter follower emitter stage，The positive pole of this steering diode connects the emitter stage that the first of three location counters one exports connected emitter follower，Another anode is also two-way，The emitter stage of the connected emitter follower of the first output of two location counters one is connect all the way，Another road connects the negative pole of the second steering diode of the emitter follower emitter stage of the first output connection of three location counters one，The first anode in second group of display circuit corresponds to respectively the second output of a location counter and the second output of three location counters one，Another anode corresponds to respectively the second output of two location counters one and the second output of three location counters one，Remaining seven groups of display circuit is sequentially connected；
The first anode connects the first of three location counters two and exports the emitter stage for connecting emitter follower in two anodes of first group of display circuit in second display unit，Another anode is two-way，The emitter stage of the connected emitter follower of the first output of two location counters two is connect all the way，Another road connects the first output of three location counters two and connects the negative pole that emitter follower emitter stage connects the first steering diode，The first anode connects the second of three location counters two and exports the emitter stage for connecting emitter follower in second group of display circuit in second display unit，Another anode is two-way，The emitter stage of the connected emitter follower of the second output of two location counters two is connect all the way，Another road connects the second output of three location counters two and connects the negative pole that emitter follower emitter stage connects the second steering diode，The 3rd group of display circuit correspondence counter the 3rd is exported in second display unit，Remaining six groups of display circuit is sequentially connected；
The first anode is connected with second plate in two anodes of first group of display circuit in 3rd display unit, the first output for connecing three location counters three connects the emitter stage of emitter follower, the first anode is connected with second plate in two anodes of second group of display circuit in 3rd display unit, the second output for connecing three location counters three connects the emitter stage of emitter follower, the first anode is connected with second plate in two anodes of the 3rd group of display circuit in 3rd display unit, the 3rd output for connecing three location counters three connects the emitter stage of emitter follower, 6 groups of display circuits of remaining in 3rd display unit are sequentially connected；
Double anode common cathode luminous tube in display circuit in each unit connects respectively a common cathode resistance to ground wire；
Voice level is collectively constituted by the first voice unit, the second voice unit, the 3rd voice unit,
First output of location counter of one end connection one of the first voice unit is connect on the emitter stage of emitter follower；The other end is grounded；
One end connection of the second voice unit shows the emitter stage for promoting two the first outputs of counter in Unit two to connect emitter follower；The other end is grounded；
One end connection of the 3rd voice unit shows the emitter stage for promoting three the first outputs of block counter in Unit three to connect emitter follower；The other end is grounded；
Reset level by differential circuit, compare amplifying circuit, reset OR gate diode constitute：
The output of one termination prestage of differential capacitance, the other end is two-way, discharge resistance is connect all the way to ground wire, another road connects the positive terminal of comparison amplifier, inclined resistance is connected between the output of comparison amplifier and end of oppisite phase in comparison, inclined resistance is connected between the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier and ground wire under relatively, and the positive pole of 6 clearing OR gate diodes of output termination of comparison amplifier, the clear terminal per block counter all connects the negative pole of a clearing OR gate diode.
2. integrated form conductance image demonstration instrument for teaching according to claim 1, is characterized in that：Show the binary counter CD4060 for promoting the counter in level to be all.
3. integrated form conductance image demonstration instrument for teaching according to claim 1, is characterized in that：All emitter followers all adopt 8050.
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| CN201510736067.6A CN106652684A (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2015-11-03 | Integrated-type conductivity visual teaching demonstration instrument |
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| CN201510736067.6A CN106652684A (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2015-11-03 | Integrated-type conductivity visual teaching demonstration instrument |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2035906U (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1989-04-12 | 马文和 | Audio and vidio demonstrator for conductivity fo cold liquid |
| CN201111757Y (en) * | 2007-10-20 | 2008-09-10 | 潘友华 | Object conductivity detector |
| CN201616212U (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2010-10-27 | 马翠萍 | Solution conductivity teaching demonstrator |
| CN102013197A (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-04-13 | 王国顺 | Tester for detecting conductivity of object |
| CN201927257U (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2011-08-10 | 王长友 | Box for demonstrating conductive property of material |
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2015
- 2015-11-03 CN CN201510736067.6A patent/CN106652684A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2035906U (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1989-04-12 | 马文和 | Audio and vidio demonstrator for conductivity fo cold liquid |
| CN201111757Y (en) * | 2007-10-20 | 2008-09-10 | 潘友华 | Object conductivity detector |
| CN201616212U (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2010-10-27 | 马翠萍 | Solution conductivity teaching demonstrator |
| CN102013197A (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-04-13 | 王国顺 | Tester for detecting conductivity of object |
| CN201927257U (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2011-08-10 | 王长友 | Box for demonstrating conductive property of material |
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Application publication date: 20170510 |
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