CN106652685A - Stepped type conductivity teaching demonstration device for operational amplifier controlling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention, which belongs to the teaching instrument demonstration field, provides a stepped type conductivity teaching demonstration device for operational amplifier controlling. The stepped type conductivity teaching demonstration device comprises a test rod, a test clamp, tester plugging holes, and an electronic circuit. The electronic circuit consists of a preamplifier stage, a comparison amplification stage, an oscillation stage, a voice stage, a display push stage, a zero clearing stage, and a display stage. One of the two plugging holes of the tester is connected with the input terminal of the electronic circuit and the other plugging hole is grounded; and the test clamp is used for clamping a measured object. When the measured object is connected to two ends of a test hole, the electronic circuit is started based on the object conductivity, so that the conductive performance of the measured object can be displayed. The student can understand the conductivity situation from the perceptual perspective and thus understand concepts and significances of a conductor, a resistor, and an insulator, so that the significance of the Ohm's law can be understood and thus the foundation can be laid for the student. The demonstration device has optical and acoustic displaying of three kinds of colors and the interestingness can be enhanced; enthusiasm for science by the youngsters can be cultivated; and thus the stepped type conductivity teaching demonstration device can be popularized in schools.

Description

A kind of staged conductivity education demonstrator of amplifier control

Technical field

Belong to instruments used for education demonstration field.

Background technology

Innovation is the soul of nationality, and young student are the strength of innovation.

The prosperity of country is talent, and the culture of talent is education.The emphasis teenager of education, juvenile Qiang Ze Guoqiang, the progressive then state progress of teenager, will cultivate teenager and science is had deep love for, it is crucial to improve the quality of teaching, and experimental apparatus is precisely a key factor for improving teaching, experimental apparatus are good, and the experiment done has more cogency, so that students ' understanding things, understand natural phenomena, inspire the thinking of student, play an important role to improving educational level.Therefore, the various experimental apparatus in teaching are all constantly being lifted, but also there are many weak points：One is the species deficiency of experimental apparatus, also not comprehensive especially for the experimental apparatus of the students of the junior years.Two be the spirit taught through lively activities in instruments used for education not enough, three be now majority instruments used for education cost it is too high, thus the village school remote to some can't spread to many universal instruments used for education.

Electricity is most important a kind of class in physicss, full of magical Experiments of Electricity, the interest of teenager can be excited, simultaneously the basic conception to setting up electricity plays the role of important, if can develop a kind of multi-functional conduction demonstration instrument and demonstrator can visualize electricity part concept and law by abstract, it is clear that have positive help to educatee.

The content of the invention

In order to allow instruments used for education to spread to school of every institute, the species of abundant instruments used for education, the measure of the present invention is to develop a kind of staged conductivity education demonstrator of amplifier control, its purpose one is to allow student from a kind of angle of perception, understands the situation of conductivity, understands conductor, resistance, the concept and meaning of insulator object, and then understand the meaning of Ohm's law, thus allow student to lay the first stone.Two is the instrument because of the display with light with three kinds of colors of sound, therefore with certain interest, can cultivate vast teenager and science is had deep love for.Three is with low cost, can become a kind of instrument in the popularization of vast school.

Measure of the present invention is：

1st, a kind of staged conductivity education demonstrator of amplifier control is collectively constituted by test bar, test clip, tester jointing holes, electronic circuit.

Test bar is made up of conductor, and appearance is surrounded by insulant；Test clip is made up of Crocodile-type clamp.

Tester jointing holes are made up of two jacks, and one of them is connected on the input of electronic circuit, on another connection ground wire.

Electronic circuit by preamplifier state, compare amplifier stage, oscillator stage, voice level, show and promote level, reset level, display level and constitute.

Preamplifier state indicates that protective resistance, test voltage indication light pipe are constituted by sensitive adjustable resistance, sensitive limiting resistance, preposition amplifier tube, test voltage.

Being mutually connected is, sensitive adjustable resistance is serially connected with sensitive limiting resistance, one end is connected in a jointing holes of tester, the other end is connected in the base stage of preposition amplifier tube, the emitter stage connection power supply of preposition amplifier tube, colelctor electrode is connected to the output of five tunnels, the first via is connected to the first module input compared in amplifier stage, second tunnel is connected to the second unit input compared in amplifier stage, 3rd tunnel is connected to the input of Unit the 3rd compared in amplifier stage, 4th tunnel is connected to and indicates that protective resistance indicates one end of branch road with the test voltage being in series of test voltage indication light pipe by test voltage, test voltage indicates the other end earth lead of branch road, 5th tunnel connects the input for resetting level.

Relatively amplifier stage is made up of three units, and first unit is by comparing end upper inclined resistance one, in-phase end isolating diode one, compare inclined stabilivolt one under amplifier stage, compare inclined stabilivolt one, preposition isolating diode one, comparison amplifier one under amplifier stage and collectively constitute.

Connected mode is that the positive pole of preposition isolating diode one is input, connects the colelctor electrode of preposition amplifier tube, and the negative pole of preposition isolating diode one is connected to the in-phase input end of comparison amplifier one；One end connection power supply of upper inclined resistance one, the other end is connected to three tunnels, the first via is connected to the positive pole of in-phase end isolating diode one, the negative pole of in-phase end isolating diode one connects the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier one, the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier one has been also connected with the negative pole of interlocking diode 3-2 and the negative pole of interlocking diode 2, second tunnel is connected to the positive pole for comparing inclined stabilivolt one under amplifier stage, the minus earth line of inclined stabilivolt one relatively under amplifier stage, 3rd tunnel is connected to the one end for comparing inclined stabilivolt two under amplifier stage, the outfan of comparison amplifier one is the outfan for comparing a unit in amplifier stage.

Comparison second unit of amplifier stage is gone up inclined resistance two, in-phase end isolating diode two, is compared inclined stabilivolt two under amplifier stage by end is compared；Down inclined isolating diode two, preposition isolating diode two, comparison amplifier two are collectively constituted.

Connected mode is, the positive pole of preposition isolating diode two is input, connect the colelctor electrode of preposition amplifier tube, the negative pole of preposition isolating diode two is connected to the in-phase input end of comparison amplifier two, one end connection power supply of upper inclined resistance two, the other end is connected to three tunnels, and the first via is connected to the positive pole of in-phase end isolating diode two, the negative pole of in-phase end isolating diode two connects the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier two, and the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier two has been also connected with the negative pole of interlocking diode 3-1；Second tunnel has connect the positive pole for comparing inclined isolating diode two under amplifier stage, relatively the negative pole of isolating diode two partially connects the other end for comparing inclined stabilivolt two under amplifier stage under amplifier stage, 3rd tunnel is connected to the one end for comparing inclined stabilivolt three under amplifier stage, the outfan of comparison amplifier two is the outfan for comparing Unit two in amplifier stage, is connected to the positive pole of interlocking diode 2.

The relatively unit of amplifier stage the 3rd is by comparing end upper inclined resistance three, in-phase end isolating diode three, compare inclined stabilivolt three under amplifier stage, preposition isolating diode three, comparison amplifier three, interlocking diode 3--1, interlock diode 3--2 and collectively constitute；Connected mode is, the in-phase input end of comparison amplifier three；The colelctor electrode of preposition amplifier tube is connect, one end connection power supply of upper inclined resistance three, the other end is connected to two-way, and the first via is connected to the positive pole of in-phase end isolating diode three, and the negative pole of in-phase end isolating diode three connects the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier three；Second tunnel is connected to the positive pole of preposition isolating diode three, the negative pole of preposition isolating diode three, it is connected to the other end for comparing inclined stabilivolt three under amplifier stage, the outfan of comparison amplifier three is the outfan for comparing Unit three in amplifier stage, and the outfan of comparison amplifier three is connected to the positive pole of interlocking diode 3-1 and interlocking diode 3-2.

Oscillator stage has three units, is respectively vibration Unit one, vibration Unit two and vibration Unit three.

Resistance one partially is collectively constituted partially under end resistance one, one unit in-phase end of vibration by amplifier in oscillation resistance one, vibration Unit one in oscillating capacitance one, vibration Unit one in commissure diode one, vibration Unit one is integrated one, on one unit in-phase end of vibration to vibrate a unit；Connected mode is：The negative pole of commissure diode one is the input of this unit, it is connected to the outfan for comparing amplifier stage first module, it is the outfan of comparison amplifier one, the positive pole of commissure diode one is connected to the end of oppisite phase in vibration Unit one in amplifier integrated, end of oppisite phase in amplifier integrated has been also connected with vibrating the positive pole of oscillating capacitance one in a unit, the minus earth of oscillating capacitance one, oscillation resistance one is connected in vibration Unit one between the end of oppisite phase and outfan of amplifier integrated, the outfan for vibrating amplifier integrated in a unit is connected on one unit in-phase end of vibration one end of end resistance one partially, the other end of end resistance one partially is connected to the in-phase end of amplifier integrated on in-phase end, inclined resistance one is connected between the in-phase end of amplifier integrated one and ground wire under in-phase end, the outfan of amplifier integrated is the outfan for vibrating a unit.

By amplifier in oscillation resistance two, vibration Unit two in oscillating capacitance two, vibration Unit two in commissure diode two, vibration Unit two is integrated two, on two unit in-phase ends of vibration, resistance two partially is collectively constituted partially under end resistance two, two unit in-phase ends of vibration by Unit two are vibrated to vibrate Unit two, and connected mode is：Connected mode be the negative pole of commissure diode two be Unit two input，It is connected to the outfan for comparing amplifier stage second unit，It is the outfan of comparison amplifier two，The positive pole of commissure diode two is connected to the end of oppisite phase in vibration Unit two in amplifier integrated two，End of oppisite phase in amplifier integrated two has been also connected with vibrating the positive pole of oscillating capacitance two in Unit two，The minus earth of oscillating capacitance two，Oscillation resistance two is connected in vibration Unit two between the end of oppisite phase and outfan of amplifier integrated two，The outfan for vibrating amplifier integrated two in Unit two is connected on two unit in-phase ends of vibration one end of end resistance two partially，The other end of end resistance two partially is connected to the in-phase end of amplifier integrated two on in-phase end，Inclined resistance two is connected between the in-phase end of amplifier integrated two and ground wire under in-phase end，The outfan of amplifier integrated two is the outfan for vibrating Unit two.

End resistance three partially is collectively constituted partially under resistance three, three unit homophases of vibration by amplifier in oscillation resistance three, vibration Unit three in oscillating capacitance three, vibration Unit three in commissure diode three, vibration Unit three unit is integrated three, on three unit in-phase ends of vibration to vibrate Unit three.

Connected mode is that connected mode is：The negative pole of commissure diode three is the input of Unit three, it is connected to the outfan for comparing the unit of amplifier stage the 3rd, it is the outfan of comparison amplifier three, the positive pole of commissure diode three is connected to the end of oppisite phase in amplifier integrated three, end of oppisite phase in amplifier integrated three has been also connected with vibrating the positive pole of oscillating capacitance three in Unit three, the minus earth of oscillating capacitance three, oscillation resistance three is connected in vibration Unit three between the end of oppisite phase and outfan of amplifier integrated three, the outfan for vibrating amplifier integrated three in Unit three is connected on three unit in-phase ends of vibration one end of end resistance three partially, the other end of end resistance three partially is connected to the in-phase end of amplifier integrated three on in-phase end, inclined resistance three is connected between the in-phase end of amplifier integrated three and ground wire under in-phase end, the outfan of amplifier integrated three is the outfan for vibrating Unit three.

Voice level is collectively constituted by voice first module, voice second unit, voice the 3rd.

The outfan in amplifier stage in a unit is compared in one end connection of voice first module in voice level；The other end is grounded.

The outfan in amplifier stage in Unit two is compared in one end connection of voice second unit in voice level；The other end is grounded.

The outfan in amplifier stage in Unit three is compared in one end connection of the unit of voice the 3rd in voice level；The other end is grounded.

Show promote level by show promote a unit, show promote Unit two and show promote Unit three collectively constitute.

Display level is made up of the first display unit, the second display unit, the 3rd display unit, and 9 double anode common cathode luminous tubes, and the common cathode resistance of each double anode common cathode luminous tube are included in each display unit.

Show and promote a unit by one unit Counter of promotion is shown, the OR gate diode that counter output is connected, the resistance to earth that clear terminal is connected is collectively constituted；Show and promote Unit two by showing the first enumerator promoted in Unit two, showing the OR gate diode that the second enumerator promoted in Unit two, two counter outputs are connected, the resistance to earth that two counter O reset ends are connected is collectively constituted；Show and promote Unit three by showing the first enumerator promoted in Unit three, showing the second enumerator promoted in Unit three, show the OR gate diode that the 3rd enumerator promoted in Unit three, three block counter outfans are connected, the resistance to earth that three block counter clear terminals are connected is collectively constituted.

Show that last outfan for promoting the first enumerator in Unit two is connected to the oscillation inputs for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit two, show that last outfan for promoting the first enumerator in Unit three is connected to the oscillation inputs for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit three, show that last outfan connection for promoting the second enumerator in Unit three shows the oscillation inputs for promoting the 3rd enumerator in Unit three, show that the clear terminal for promoting three block counters in Unit three all connects a negative pole for resetting isolating diode, the positive pole of three clearing isolating diodes is all connected in display promotion Unit three on last outfan of the 3rd enumerator.

The first anode is two-way in two anodes of first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the first display unit，The negative pole for showing the OR gate diode for promoting the first output of a unit Counter connect is connect all the way，Second tunnel connects and shows the negative pole for promoting the connected first OR gate diode of the first outfan of the first enumerator in Unit three，Second plate is two-way，The first via connects and shows the negative pole for promoting the connected OR gate diode of the first outfan of the first enumerator in Unit two，Second tunnel connects and shows the negative pole for promoting the connected second OR gate diode of the first outfan of the first enumerator in Unit three，Two anode connections of remaining the double anode common cathode luminous tube in the first display unit are identical，Second double anode common cathode luminous tube being a difference in that in the first display unit connects the second outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 3rd outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 4th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 4th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 5th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 5th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 6th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 6th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 7th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 7th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 8th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 8th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 9th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 9th outfan of correspondence enumerator.

The first anode connects and shows the first outfan for promoting the second enumerator in Unit three in two anodes of first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the second display unit，The second plate of first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the second display unit is two-way，Connect all the way and show the negative pole for promoting the connected OR gate diode of the first outfan of the second enumerator in Unit two，Second tunnel connects and shows the negative pole for promoting the connected second OR gate diode of the first outfan of the second enumerator in Unit three，Two anode connections of remaining the double anode common cathode luminous tube in the second display unit are identical，Second double anode common cathode luminous tube being a difference in that in the second display unit connects the second outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 3rd outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 4th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 4th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 5th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 5th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 6th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 6th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 7th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 7th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 8th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 8th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 9th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 9th outfan of correspondence enumerator.

Two anodes of first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the 3rd display unit all connect and show the first outfan for promoting the 3rd enumerator in Unit three, and two anodes of the another 8 double anodes common cathode luminous tube in the 3rd display unit are connected in turn in display promotion Unit three on another 8 outfans of the 3rd enumerator.

All connect an earth resistance between clear terminal and ground wire per block counter.

The negative pole of all luminous tubes of display level is connected to respectively a resistance to ground wire.

Reset level and constituted with 6 clearing OR gate diodes by peaker is reset.

Clearing peaker is constituted by differential capacitance, clearing differential resistance, clearing commissure resistance, clearing N pipes, clearing P pipes is reset.

The one end for resetting differential capacitance is the input for resetting level，Connect with the colelctor electrode of preposition amplifier tube，The other end for resetting differential capacitance is two-way，Clearing differential resistance is connect all the way to ground wire，Another road connects the base stage for resetting N pipes，Reset the grounded emitter line of N pipes，Reset N pipes and reset commissure resistance with the indirect of the base stage for resetting P pipes，The emitter stage for resetting P pipes connects power supply，The colelctor electrode for resetting P pipes connects the positive pole of 6 clearing OR gate diodes，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode one connects the clear terminal for showing one unit Counter of promotion，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode two connects the clear terminal for showing the first enumerator in promotion Unit two，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode three connects the clear terminal for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit two，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode three connects the clear terminal for showing the first enumerator in promotion Unit three，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode four connects the clear terminal for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit three，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode five connects the clear terminal for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit three，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode six connects the clear terminal for showing the 3rd enumerator in promotion Unit three.

2nd, show that the binary counter for promoting first module and the binary counter for showing promotion second unit are using integrated circuit CD4060.

3rd, three pieces of decade computers for showing promotion Unit the 3rd are using integrated circuit CD4017.

Meaning interpretation to above-mentioned measure is as follows：

First, the principle produced by whole circuit diagram：When the object surveyed is connected in instrument connection two ends, according to the conductive performance of object, to preposition amplifier tube PNP pipe（2.03 in Fig. 2）Bias current is produced, its colelctor electrode is produced and amplifies electric current, and the electric current have passed through three preposition isolating diodes（In Fig. 2 3.105,3.205,3.305）It is applied to three comparison amplifiers（In Fig. 2 3.106,3.206,3.306）In-phase input end, at this moment three comparison amplifiers, will may produce output according to the power of input signal, so as to encourage demonstration pushing unit action（Unit the 6th in Fig. 1）, allow demonstration part to produce correspondence demonstrative process.Because this instrument is designed with clearing level, when its function is to test every time, transient voltage will be added to reset all counter O reset ends in pushing unit action, so as to ensure that the logically true of display level.

2nd, the threshold voltage of three comparison amplifiers is different, becomes the numerical value of ladder, and its reason is that the only one of which of unit one compares inclined stabilivolt one under amplifier stage（In Fig. 2 3.104,）, and the inclined isolating diode one under increased on this basis of Unit two（In Fig. 2 3.203）One is compared inclined stabilivolt two under amplifier stage（In Fig. 2 3.204）, inclined isolating diode one under in the same manner Unit three increased again on the basis of the unit of Unit two（In Fig. 2 3.303）One is compared inclined stabilivolt two under amplifier stage（In Fig. 2 3.304）.So in testing, good conductor is premenstrual to be put after amplifier tube amplification, can exceed that the unit of door highest the 3rd, the resistance that takes second place is premenstrual to be put after amplifier tube amplifies, can exceed that the second unit that door takes second place, third resistance is premenstrual to be put after amplifier tube amplifies, and can only exceed door Unit the 3rd third, and insulator can not then touch comparison amplifier.Three one is to adopt comparison amplifier the characteristics of compare amplifying unit, so triggering door threshold values feature is strong, while there is very high sensitivity.Or two be outfan be high-order, or being low level, output characteristic is strong.Three is that three comparison amplifiers are in-phase end input, and benefit is that input impedance is very high, the impact very little of docking port audion, and is welded with preposition isolating diode between the input of three comparison amplifiers in addition（In Fig. 2,3.105,3.205,3.305）, so impact will not be produced each other.

3rd, due between three comparison amplifiers, being connected with interlock circuit, comparative degree only one of which unit is uniquely exported.Its structure is that the unit of door highest the 3rd is by interlocking diode 3--1（In Fig. 2 3.307）With interlocking diode 3--2（In Fig. 2 3.3071）The low second unit of door and first module are locked, the high second unit of door time is by interlocking diode 2（In Fig. 2 3.207）The low minimum first module of door is locked.So defining such principle, there can only be one in these three amplifiers in magnifying state, and be the relatively high comparison amplifier work of door,（Because after the amplifier stage output high position, remaining amplifier stage can not possibly work because of interlocking）.It is also conductivity highest grade that it is represented.The principle for forming interlocking is after this grade of amplifier operation, to be output as a high position, at this moment current potential has been passed on the threshold voltage of other amplifiers, threshold voltage is lifted suddenly, will be above the input voltage of in-phase end, so making simple can work and develop into inoperable state.For above-mentioned reasons, comparing amplifier stage and being only possible to a unit has output, a unit correspondence has also been only possible in level works so showing to promote.So showing that conductive situation can only be a kind of situation, and there is no the Coexistence Situation of two kinds of situations.So the effect for showing is unique.

4th, oscillator stage has corresponded to the bright of display level luminous tube and has put out demonstration frequency.The structure of oscillator stage is as follows with principle：Compare the oscillating unit that three units are corresponded to respectively in oscillator stage in amplifier stage, when a cell operation of three units in comparing amplifier stage, the corresponding oscillating unit of only one of which in oscillator stage, work, the principle of formation is, when not having test signal, comparing amplifier stage does not have output signal, it is low level zero-signal, each the unit end of oppisite phase in oscillator stage is respectively by corresponding commissure diode（4.11,4.21,4.31 in Fig. 2）Clamper, so not producing oscillator signal, the demonstration for not encouraging rear class shows promotion level work.

When the corresponding unit in oscillator stage is output as a high position, corresponding commissure diode cathode is a high position, is reverse bias, and at this moment corresponding oscillator stage cell operation starts vibration.Because three unit oscillator circuits are symmetrical, now explanation produces the principle of vibration by taking first module as an example：

The principle of generation is：The amplifier integrated one in a unit is vibrated（In Fig. 2 4.15）When outfan is high-order, by oscillation resistance one in vibration Unit one（4.13 in Fig. 2）The oscillating capacitance one in vibration Unit one（4.12 in Fig. 2）, after the voltage of oscillating capacitance exceeds the branch pressure voltage of in-phase end, operational amplifier output terminal changes, low level is changed into from a high position, at this moment homophase terminal voltage step-down, becomes the first half cycle of vibration, and at this moment oscillating capacitance is discharged by oscillation resistance, when the low terminal voltage to homophase of anti-phase terminal voltage, operational amplifier output is changed into high-order from low level again, becomes the later half cycle of vibration, so produces second round, three cycles and without one number time, produce vibration.

The circuit-line is simple, easily plays vibration, vibrational stabilization, it is easy to coordinate with rear class circuit.

Oscillation resistance is designed as adjustable resistance, is conveniently adjusted frequency of oscillation.

5th, show and promote level each unit to be connected to display level correspondence luminous tube, the excitation of this this each unit determines the quantity and rule of institute's running fire light pipe.Show that the structure for promoting level to be formed is as follows with principle：Correspond respectively to show the unit for promoting in three units in oscillator stage.Due to showing that the core members for promoting level are enumerators, so the outfan of oscillator stage is connected to the oscillation inputs of enumerator.The outfan directly excitation of the enumerator luminous tube of display level, the connected luminous tube quantity of enumerator of each unit is different, and have apparent difference.The exciting signal frequency of each unit is also completely different, and view effect has obvious difference.

A, display promote first module.

The characteristics of unit one is that door is minimum, it can only be threshold values that the minimum object of conductivity may pass through, two is that enumerator is made up of binary counter such as 4060, three be the unit enumerator it is minimum, thus institute's band luminous tube quantity it is also minimum, four be the frequency of enumerator be most slow, five is the pole that the outfan of enumerator is connected to display level double anode common cathode luminous tube, thus the color produced by the luminous tube for being encouraged is a kind of color.

It is that before this first lamp was bright followed by the second lamp is bright because line as above feature, the bright rule one of its luminous tube is the rule of binary counter output, is then later luminous tube.Two be bright luminous tube be only a part for numerous luminous tubes, and be a minimum part.Three be luminous tube by put out brighten when, frequency is extremely low.

B, display promote second unit.

The characteristics of unit one is that door is higher than a unit, but it is lower than Unit the 3rd, so can only be the threshold values that the medium physics of conductivity passes through, two is that enumerator is made up of binary counter such as 4060, three be the unit enumerator it is more than a unit, thus band luminous tube quantity it is more than a unit, four be enumerator frequency it is faster than first module, and have a significant difference, but it is slower than Unit the 3rd, five is the second pole that the outfan of enumerator is connected to display level double anode common cathode luminous tube, thus the color produced by the luminous tube for being encouraged is second color.

Because line is as above feature, the bright rule one of its luminous tube is the rule of binary counter output, is that before this first lamp was bright followed by the second lamp is bright, is then later luminous tube.Two be bright luminous tube be only numerous luminous tubes a part, three be luminous tube by put out brighten when, frequency is very fast.

C, display promote Unit the 3rd.

The characteristics of unit one is door highest, so can only be the threshold values that the best good conductor of conductivity passes through, two is that enumerator is made up of decade computer such as 4017, three is that outfan used by the enumerator of the unit is most, thus the luminous tube quantity of band be most, four is that the outfan of enumerator passes through OR gate diode while being connected to two anodes of display level double anode common cathode luminous tube, thus the color produced by the luminous tube for being encouraged is the third color.Five is that last outfan of last block counter of enumerator resets to the clear terminal of all enumerators.

Because line is as above feature, the bright rule one of its luminous tube is the rule of decade computer output, is that before this first lamp was bright followed by the second lamp is bright, is then successively that all luminous tubes are bright once.Two is so the luminous tube of display level that encouraged of the unit, is recurrent state.

6th, display level part is made up of multiple luminous tubes, in fig. 3, to express clearly, eliminates many luminous tubes.There are following characteristics the part：

One is that these numerous luminous tubes can according to certain rules make mechanical arrangement, can form various good visual effects.

Two are because employing double anode common cathode luminous tube, while being connected to OR gate diode on two units jointly anode of the luminous tube of connection, so being independent of each other during excitation, can send three kinds of colors.Represent different element excitations.

Three is that, because the luminous tube of display level is corresponding with three units respectively, so the quantity of every group of luminous tube, bright frequency, mode, color is all different.Can there is the situation of three kinds of colors in luminous tube.

7th, due to being designed with voice level in this measure, the level has three units corresponding with three units of amplifier stage are compared respectively, so when corresponding unit works, when can export a high position, excitation voice unit can sounding.

8th, level principle and feature are reset.

Every time during test object, preposition amplifier tube meeting output voltage, through the transmission for resetting differential capacitance with reset differential resistance, excitation clearing N pipes（8.6 in Fig. 3）, therefore reset P pipes（8.7. in Fig. 3）；Colelctor electrode has high voltage transient to export, by resetting OR gate diode one（8.71 in Fig. 3,）The first block counter clear terminal in Unit three is promoted to reset to showing；In the same manner by resetting OR gate diode two（8.72 in Fig. 3）；Reset OR gate diode three（8.73 in Fig. 3）；Reset OR gate diode four（8.74 in Fig. 3）；Reset OR gate diode five（8.75 in Fig. 3）；Clearing to the enumerator in all units, complementary amplification is consisted of due to resetting N pipes with P pipes are reset, and gain is very high, as long as preposition amplification pipe collector has small output, the active differentiator being made up of two pipes has reliable output, so as to ensure that bright logic.

Have the advantages that after enforcement following prominent：

1st, electricity is content important in physicss, and student clearly can cross instrument and come to realize and arrive, and what is good conductor, resistance, insulator, the concept of electric current, help abecedarian set up most basic concept in electricity play the role of it is positive.

2nd, Ohm's law is most important philosophy in electricity, and learning in-depth study of the Ohm's law to electricity well has important place mat effect.Abecedarian feels that definition is abstract, is demonstrated with shaping by this instrument, and abecedarian can be made to understand Ohm's law digestion, rather than simply produces simply mechanical stiff memory.

The timing of voltage one that A, sizing ground demonstration Ohm's law are disclosed, the relation between electric current and resistance.Resistance is bigger, the less visual effect of electric current.

And numerous luminous tube implied meanings of this instrument are a rivers, abstract electric current metaphor is become into current.When electric current crosses test body, the phenomenon that the high object of conductivity is demonstrated is that electric current can flow to terminal as river from initial point,（Intuitive visual effect be intended in the luminous tube of initial point and the luminous tube of terminal it is bright,）And speed is quickly（It is embodied in frequency fast, and produces circulation）, thus intuitive visual effect is electric current crosses the resistance being subject to during object（That is resistance）Very little, thus electric current is very unimpeded.The kind of object that electricity passes through conductivity difference, the resistance being subject to is big（I.e. resistance is big）, as current, flow difficulties, not only speed is slow（Intuitive visual effect is that frequency is slow）, and stream is difficult to terminal.（The luminous tube for being embodied in terminal does not work, and can only be that initial point and later part luminous tube are bright）.

B, sizing ground demonstration Ohm's law disclose when resistance is a timing, voltage is bigger, and electric current is bigger.And voltage is less, the less visual effect of electric current.

With a resistance as test object, it shows that luminous tube is that part luminous tube is bright during demonstration, now reduce the resistance of sensitivity adjustment resistance, test voltage indication light pipe becomes clear, its demonstration meaning is to improve the terminal voltage of institute's measuring resistance, the now bright quantity raise-position of the luminous tube of display level becomes the phenomenon of the embodiment of good conductor, so as to represent the visual effect of electric current increase.Conversely, now increasing the resistance of sensitivity adjustment resistance, test voltage indication light pipe puts out, and its demonstration meaning is to reduce the terminal voltage of institute's measuring resistance, now shows that the bright quantity decrease of luminous tube becomes the phenomenon of the big performance of resistance, so as to represent that electric current is reduced.

Because this instrument largest benefit is abstract concept to be become into visualization, this is particularly the student education in outlying mountain area to abecedarian, is helpful.

3rd, this instrument be mainly to aid in abecedarian it is cognitive and to conductor, insulator, resistance, electric current, the sizing of Ohm's law concept understand makes demonstration, its largest benefit is the meaning that the electricity abstract to these has related parameter, from multi-angle, many visual angles come to realize, abstract thing is become into intelligible phenomenon, mainly have it is following some：

First, display level is luminous nest of tubes, and its layout can become everybody thing familiar to institute, such as be arranged in a river of analogy meaning, will become familiar vivid current by the abstract current analog of physics, become the first visual angle.

Two and plus the conductor tested, resistance, insulator and passed through test body are that this rule river represents, therefore comparability, and intuitive is strong.

3rd, electric current is strong, and bright luminous tube is rapid for all, and produces circulation, visually represents that electric current flows very smooth as current.It is part with little, bright luminous tube in electric current, or minimum number, and also frequency is slack-off therewith, or it is most slow, and abecedarian understands easy.

Resistance very little of the good conductor to electricity, so electric current is very big.

, there is resistance in the little resistance of resistance value, be resistance to electric current, and carrying on as before can be conductive, so bright luminous tube number is still more, frequency is very fast, but circulation can not be produced as conductor, visually represents electric current as current, though can flow, it is not smooth.

Resistance is excessive, and conductivity is poor, and bright luminous tube is little, and bright frequency is very slow, also may circulation.It visually represents electric current as current, and when electric current flows on resistance, resistance is very big, therefore electric current flowing is highly difficult and painstaking.

Insulator is because completely non-conductive, so luminous tube does not work completely,

Test good conductor, when resistance, insulator, the bright color of luminous tube is different, and every kind of color corresponds to a type objects, and this polychrome is corresponded to respectively, has both been easy to memory to understand.

There is voice to report, thus a surname has contaminated atmosphere.

With the popularization and decentralization of teaching material, abecedarian's age is little, therefore this demonstrator is it is also noted that the interest of demonstrative process, and These characteristics, just allowing for this reality.

4th, this instrument can allow student to understand some simple physicals and chemical phenomenon, to encourage teen-age science passion.

（1）, set up the most basic concept of quasiconductor.

The both sexes of one diode are inserted in instrument connection by polarity, is now shown and good conductor phenomenon is occurred.If in reversed polarity insertion instrument connection, now showing the obstructed electrical phenomena that insulator occurs.

（2）, set up the object conductivity concept relevant with temperature.

Insert respectively in this instrument one end such as two test bars matched somebody with somebody with this instrument, the other end of test bar is individually placed in the container for putting water, adjust the distance of test bar, at this moment the luminous tube of display level can not work completely, plus hot water at this moment, at this moment the luminous tube of display level can change, and this explanation temperature is raised and reduced, and affects conductivity.

（3）, understand electrolyte conductivity phenomenon.

The process of test bar as above, with salt is at this moment added in water, at this moment the passage can become the dispaly state of conducting again, and this illustrates electric conductor not just metal class of solid-state, and is present in liquid.

（4）, to understand same object conductivity relevant with environment.

The two ends of dry timber are such as clamped with Crocodile-type clamp, at this moment display level luminous tube is seldom bright, or even does not work, but water is sprinkled upon on this material tested, and the bright quantity of luminous tube can increase, electric conductivity can increase after this explanation timber makes moist.

5th, performance is good.Because one be it is at different levels match and each unit between, and circuit is simplified, while being designed with clearing unit, it is ensured that logically true.Two is that the threshold voltage for comparing each unit in amplifier stage adopts series relationship, therefore threshold voltage gap is fairly obvious, becomes threshold values ladder.Three be the comparison amplifier stage in this instrument be the important logic of this instrument the first order, and it is the important classical circuit of electronic circuit to compare amplifying circuit, reliable, and sensitivity is high.

6th, this instrument belongs to the popular demonstrator of initial stage.Demand is big, and this instrument is easily produced, and debugging is simple, low cost, is easy to popularization.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the mutual relation figure between a kind of staged conductivity education demonstrator unit of amplifier control.

In figure：1st, the input of test bar；2nd, preamplifier state；3rd, amplifier stage is compared；3.1st, a unit in amplifier stage is compared；32nd, Unit two in amplifier stage is compared；3.3rd, Unit three in amplifier stage is compared；4th, oscillator stage；4.1st, a unit is vibrated；4.2nd, Unit two are vibrated；4.3rd, Unit three are vibrated；5th, voice level；5.1st, the unit of voice one；5.2nd, the unit of voice two, 5.3, the unit of voice three；6th, show and promote level；6.1st, show and promote a unit；6.2nd, show and promote Unit two；B1, display promote the first enumerator in Unit two；B2, display promote the second enumerator in Unit two；6.3rd, show and promote Unit three；E1, display promote the first enumerator in Unit three；E2, display promote the second enumerator in Unit three；E3, display promote the 3rd enumerator in Unit three；7th, display level；7.0th, the first display unit；7.1st, the second display unit；7.2nd, the 3rd display unit；8th, level is reset.

Fig. 2 is a kind of a kind of electronic component schematic diagram (the figure shows compare amplifier stage have multiple units) of the staged conductivity education demonstrator first half of amplifier control.

In figure：101st, to outer jack；2.01st, sensitive adjustable resistance；2.02nd, sensitive limiting resistance；2.03rd, preposition amplifier tube；2.04th, test voltage indicates protective resistance；2.05th, test voltage indication light pipe；3.101st, inclined resistance one on the comparison end in amplifier stage in a unit is compared；3.102nd, in-phase end isolating diode one；3.104th, inclined stabilivolt one under amplifier stage is compared；3.105th, preposition isolating diode one；3.106, comparison amplifier one；3.201st, inclined resistance two on the comparison end in amplifier stage in Unit two is compared；3.202nd, in-phase end isolating diode two；Inclined isolating diode two under 3.203；3.204th, inclined stabilivolt two under amplifier stage is compared；3.205th, preposition isolating diode two；3.206, comparison amplifier two；3.207th, diode 2 is interlocked；3.301st, inclined resistance three on the comparison end in amplifier stage in Unit three is compared；3.302nd, in-phase end isolating diode three；Inclined isolating diode three under 3.303；3.304th, inclined stabilivolt three under amplifier stage is compared；3.305th, preposition isolating diode three；3.306th, the amplifier integrated three in amplifier stage in Unit three is compared；3.307th, diode 3--1 is interlocked；3.3071, interlocking diode 3--2；4.11st, commissure diode one；4.12nd, oscillating capacitance one in a unit is vibrated；4.13rd, oscillation resistance one in a unit is vibrated；4.15th, amplifier integrated in a unit is vibrated；4.16th, vibrate and hold partially on a unit in-phase end resistance one；4.17th, inclined resistance one under a unit in-phase end is vibrated；4.151st, the output of a unit is vibrated；4.21st, commissure diode two；4.22nd, oscillating capacitance two in Unit two is vibrated；4.23rd, oscillation resistance two in Unit two is vibrated；4.25th, amplifier integrated two in Unit two is vibrated；4.26th, inclined resistance two on two unit in-phase ends is vibrated；4.27th, inclined resistance two under two unit in-phase ends is vibrated；4.251st, the output of Unit two is vibrated；4.31, commissure diode three；4.32nd, oscillating capacitance three in the unit of Unit three is vibrated；4.33rd, oscillation resistance three in Unit three is vibrated；4.35th, amplifier integrated three in Unit three is vibrated；4.36th, inclined resistance three on three unit in-phase ends is vibrated；4.37th, vibrate and hold partially under three unit homophases resistance three；4.351st, the output of Unit three is vibrated；5.1st, the unit of voice one in voice level；5.2nd, the unit of voice two in voice level；5.3rd, the unit of voice three in voice level；6.1st, show and promote a unit；6.2nd, show and promote Unit two；6.3rd, show and promote Unit three；7th, display unit；8.21 and preamplifier state colelctor electrode output junction point.

Fig. 3 is the line principle schematic that a kind of staged conductivity education demonstrator of amplifier control shows the luminous tube of Unit three and display level in promotion extremely.

In figure：4.151st, unit output is vibrated；A, display promote a unit Counter；A1, display promote the connected OR gate diode of first outfan of a unit Counter；A9, display promote the connected OR gate diode of the 9th output of a unit Counter；A11, display promote the resistance to earth that a unit Counter clear terminal is connected；A12, the oscillation inputs for showing one unit Counter of promotion；4.251st, the output of Unit two is vibrated；B1, display promote the first enumerator in Unit two；B2, display promote the second enumerator in Unit two；B1.1, display promote the connected OR gate diode of first output of the first enumerator in Unit two；B1.9, display promote the connected OR gate diode of the 9th output of the first enumerator in Unit two；B10, display promote last outfan of the first enumerator in Unit two；B2.11, display promote the OR gate diode that second enumerator, first outfan is connected in Unit two；B2.91, display promote the connected OR gate diode of the outfan of the second block counter position the 9th in Unit two；B21, display promote the first block counter oscillation inputs in Unit two；B22, display promote the second block counter oscillation inputs in Unit two；b31；Show the resistance to earth for promoting that first counter O reset end is connected in Unit two；b32；Show the resistance to earth for promoting that second counter O reset end is connected in Unit two；4.351st, the output of Unit three is vibrated；E1, display promote the first enumerator in Unit three；E2, display promote the second enumerator in Unit three；E3, display promote the 3rd enumerator in Unit three；E1.11, display promote the connected first OR gate diode of first outfan of the first enumerator in Unit the 3rd；E1.12, display promote the connected second OR gate diode of first output of the first enumerator in Unit the 3rd；E1.91, display promote the connected first OR gate diode of the 9th output of the first enumerator in Unit the 3rd；E1.92, display promote the connected second OR gate diode of the 9th output of the first enumerator in Unit the 3rd；E10, display promote last position output of the first block number device in Unit the 3rd；E2.11, display promote the connected OR gate diode of first output of the second enumerator in Unit the 3rd；E2.91, display promote the connected OR gate diode of the 9th output of the second block counter in Unit the 3rd；E2.10, last outfan for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit the 3rd；E21, the oscillation inputs for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit the 3rd；E31, display promote the 3rd enumerator oscillation inputs in Unit the 3rd；E34, display promote the resistance to earth that first block counter clear terminal is connected in Unit three；E34.2, clearing isolating diode one；E35, display promote the resistance to earth that second block counter clear terminal is connected in Unit three；E35.2, clearing isolating diode two；E38, display promote the resistance to earth that the 3rd block counter clear terminal is connected in Unit three；E38.2, clearing isolating diode three；7.01st, first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the first display unit；7.011st, in the first display unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube common cathode resistance；7.09th, the 9th double anode common cathode luminous tube in the first display unit；7.091st, in the first display unit the 9th double anode common cathode luminous tube common cathode resistance；7.11st, first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the second display unit；7.111st, in the second display unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube common cathode resistance；7.19th, the 9th double anode common cathode luminous tube in the second display unit；7.191st, in the second display unit the 9th double anode common cathode luminous tube common cathode resistance；7.20th, first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the 3rd display unit；7.201st, in the 3rd display unit first double anode common cathode luminous tube common cathode resistance；7.28th, the 9th double anode common cathode luminous tube in the 3rd display unit；7.281st, in the 3rd display unit the 9th double anode common cathode luminous tube common cathode resistance；8.1st, power supply；8.21 and preamplifier state colelctor electrode output junction point；8.3, reset differential capacitance；8.4th, differential resistance is reset；8.5th, commissure resistance is reset；8.6th, N pipes are reset；8.7th, P pipes are reset；8.71st, OR gate diode one is reset；8.72nd, OR gate diode two is reset；8.73rd, OR gate diode three is reset；8.74th, OR gate diode four is reset；8.75th, OR gate diode five is reset；8.76th, OR gate diode six is reset.

Specific embodiment

Fig. 1,2,3 describe a kind of mode being embodied as jointly.

First, element is selected：Active part is selected by figure, relatively put level and oscillator stage each unit integrated circuit selects computing integrated 324, show and promote first and second unit IC of level from binary counter 4060,3rd unit IC selects decade computer 4017, audion selects PNP pipe 8550, the oscillation resistance in sensitive adjustable resistance and oscillator stage in preamplifier state selects adjustable resistance, the little species of oscillating capacitance choosing electric leakage., without particular/special requirement, the voice sheet in voice level records in advance content pronunciation content for other stabilivolts, diode and resistor-capacitor unit, the voice sheet for such as matching with Unit the 3rd should record out in advance be good conductor sound, or the first music.Such as should record out in advance with the voice sheet of second unit pairing be conductor sound, or second music.It is the very poor object of conductivity that such as should record out in advance with the voice sheet of first module pairing, or the third music.

2nd, weld as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

3rd, debug.

1st, check and debugging preamplifier state.

A demonstration resistance is first determined, depending on the resistance of resistance is wanted according to design.False test body is connected to into instrument connection two ends.The voltage between the colelctor electrode and ground wire of preposition amplifier tube is detected with voltmeter.

It is powered and checks, by the 2.01, resistance of sensitivity adjustable resistance, maximum is transferred to from minima, now the colelctor electrode of preposition amplifier tube has maximum output with minimum output, its maximum exceedes the triggering threshold values for comparing the unit of amplifier stage the 3rd, triggering threshold values of the minima less than or equal to first module.While the resistance of sensitivity adjustable resistance is when certain interval, test voltage indication light Guan Liang；When certain interval, test voltage indication light Guan Liang puts out.

2nd, prestage and the cooperation for comparing amplifier stage are debugged.

A false test body is first welded, the test body is in series by a fixed resistance with adjustable resistance.The series connection resistance of two resistance is according to most having depending on the resistance of representative.False test body is connected to into instrument connection two ends.Simultaneously sensitivity adjustable resistance is transferred to into moderate position, the voltage between the colelctor electrode and ground wire of preposition amplifier tube is detected with voltmeter.

A, energization check that the resistance of fictitious load is transferred to into maximum, and now comparing amplifier stage only first module outfan has high-order output.If without output, should reduce and compare inclined stabilivolt one under amplifier stage；（3.104 in Fig. 2）Value.

B, energization check that the resistance of fictitious load is transferred to into intermediate value, and now comparing amplifier stage only second unit outfan has high-order output.If without output, should reduce and compare inclined stabilivolt two under amplifier stage（3.204 in Fig. 2）Voltage stabilizing value.It is to compare interlocking diode 2 in amplifier stage if first module has high-order output simultaneously with second unit（3.207 in Fig. 2）, or polarity weldering is anti-or sealing-off.

C, energization check that the resistance of fictitious load is transferred to into minima, and now comparing amplifier stage only the 3rd unit outfan has high-order output.If without output, the voltage stabilizing value for comparing inclined stabilivolt three under amplifier stage should be reduced.（3.304 in Fig. 2）.

It is to compare interlocking diode 3--1 in amplifier stage if first module has high-order output,（3.307 in Fig. 2）Do not connect, or polarity weldering is anti-.It is to compare interlocking diode 3--2 in amplifier stage if second unit has high-order output,（3.3071 in Fig. 2）Do not connect, or polarity weldering is anti-.

3rd, the frequency of oscillation of each unit in oscillator stage is debugged.

The frequency of first module, adjusts the resistance of oscillation resistance one in A, debugging oscillator stage（4.13 in Fig. 2）Frequency is transferred to into design load.

The frequency of second unit, adjusts the resistance of oscillation resistance two in B, debugging oscillator stage（4.23 in Fig. 2）Frequency is transferred to into design load, this vibration should be considerably faster than first module.

The frequency of Unit the 3rd, adjusts the resistance of oscillation resistance three in C, debugging oscillator stage（4.33 in Fig. 2）Frequency is transferred to into design load, this vibration should be considerably faster than second unit.

4th, check and show promotion level and display level.

When all luminous tubes of display level are installed, all luminous tubes are arranged in a line.

A, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to comparison amplifier first module, the now only bright part therein of the luminous tube in display level, it is to promote all luminous tubes shown corresponding to the connected OR gate diode of all outfans of first module enumerator, otherwise it is that the enumerator output of the unit is not connected with the luminous tube of display level upper or even wrong and bright rule is to should be successively and bright.

Simultaneously bright luminous tube is the first color, is otherwise that the anodic bonding to double anode common cathode luminous tube is wrong.

B, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to comparison amplifier second unit, now the luminous tube in display level is in addition to all of luminous tube Ying Liang of first module, a part of new luminous tube should also be increased, it is to promote all luminous tubes shown corresponding to the connected OR gate diode of all outfans of second unit enumerator, otherwise it is that each outfan of enumerator and corresponding luminous tube of second unit in display level is not connected upper or even wrong and bright rule is to should be successively and bright.

Simultaneously bright luminous tube is second color, is otherwise that the anodic bonding to double anode common cathode luminous tube is wrong.

C, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to the unit of comparison amplifier the 3rd, now all luminous tubes in display level all should be bright successively, and whole luminous tube should it is bright once.Otherwise it is that each outfan of enumerator of Unit the 3rd in display level and luminous tube are not connected with upper or wrong weldering.

Simultaneously bright luminous tube is the third color, is otherwise even wrong with the connected OR gate diode of outfan

Simultaneously the bright generation circulation of all luminous tubes, is that last outfan of last block counter is not connected with the clear terminal of all enumerators in Unit the 3rd if not circulating.

5th, the situation of voice level is examined.

A, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to comparison amplifier first module, now the unit of voice one should send the voice for matching therewith, it is impossible to it is disorderly.

B, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to comparison amplifier second unit, now the unit of voice one should send the voice for matching therewith, it is impossible to it is disorderly.

C, the triggering threshold values that the value of false test body is transferred to the unit of comparison amplifier the 3rd, now the unit of voice one should send the voice for matching therewith, it is impossible to it is disorderly.

6th, to check and reset unit with debugging.

Oscillograph inspection is used, with oscillograph hot junction connecting test point, cold end ground connection.

A, with ripple device hot junction connection reset P pipe（8.7 in Fig. 3）Colelctor electrode, when each instrument connection is connected with test body. resetting P pipe collectors has the high-order output of transient state, because this grade of circuit amplification is high, should not produce failure, is otherwise Miswire.

B, with ripple device hot junction connection each unit counter O reset end, when each instrument connection is connected with test body, each unit counter O reset end has transient state high-order, while the bright logical order of the luminous tube of display level is not disorderly.Otherwise it is that clearing OR gate diode polarity connected with clear terminal welds anti-or sealing-off.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of staged conductivity education demonstrator of amplifier control, is characterized in that：Collectively constituted by test bar, test clip, tester jointing holes, electronic circuit；

Test bar is made up of conductor, and appearance is surrounded by insulant；Test clip is made up of Crocodile-type clamp；

Tester jointing holes are made up of two jacks, and one of them is connected on the input of electronic circuit, on another connection ground wire；

Electronic circuit by preamplifier state, compare amplifier stage, oscillator stage, voice level, show and promote level, reset level, display level and constitute；

Preamplifier state indicates that protective resistance, test voltage indication light pipe are constituted by sensitive adjustable resistance, sensitive limiting resistance, preposition amplifier tube, test voltage；

Being mutually connected is, sensitive adjustable resistance is serially connected with sensitive limiting resistance, one end is connected in a jointing holes of tester, the other end is connected in the base stage of preposition amplifier tube, the emitter stage connection power supply of preposition amplifier tube, colelctor electrode is connected to the output of five tunnels, the first via is connected to the first module input compared in amplifier stage, second tunnel is connected to the second unit input compared in amplifier stage, 3rd tunnel is connected to the input of Unit the 3rd compared in amplifier stage, 4th tunnel is connected to and indicates that protective resistance indicates one end of branch road with the test voltage being in series of test voltage indication light pipe by test voltage, test voltage indicates the other end earth lead of branch road, 5th tunnel connects the input for resetting level；

Relatively amplifier stage is made up of three units, and first unit is by comparing end upper inclined resistance one, in-phase end isolating diode one, compare inclined stabilivolt one under amplifier stage, compare inclined stabilivolt one, preposition isolating diode one, comparison amplifier one under amplifier stage and collectively constitute；

Connected mode is that the positive pole of preposition isolating diode one is input, connects the colelctor electrode of preposition amplifier tube, and the negative pole of preposition isolating diode one is connected to the in-phase input end of comparison amplifier one；One end connection power supply of upper inclined resistance one, the other end is connected to three tunnels, the first via is connected to the positive pole of in-phase end isolating diode one, the negative pole of in-phase end isolating diode one connects the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier one, the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier one has been also connected with the negative pole of interlocking diode 3-2 and the negative pole of interlocking diode 2, second tunnel is connected to the positive pole for comparing inclined stabilivolt one under amplifier stage, the minus earth line of inclined stabilivolt one relatively under amplifier stage, 3rd tunnel is connected to the one end for comparing inclined stabilivolt two under amplifier stage, the outfan of comparison amplifier one is the outfan for comparing a unit in amplifier stage；

Comparison second unit of amplifier stage is gone up inclined resistance two, in-phase end isolating diode two, is compared inclined stabilivolt two under amplifier stage by end is compared；Down inclined isolating diode two, preposition isolating diode two, comparison amplifier two are collectively constituted；

Connected mode is, the positive pole of preposition isolating diode two is input, connect the colelctor electrode of preposition amplifier tube, the negative pole of preposition isolating diode two is connected to the in-phase input end of comparison amplifier two, one end connection power supply of upper inclined resistance two, the other end is connected to three tunnels, and the first via is connected to the positive pole of in-phase end isolating diode two, the negative pole of in-phase end isolating diode two connects the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier two, and the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier two has been also connected with the negative pole of interlocking diode 3-1；Second tunnel has connect the positive pole for comparing inclined isolating diode two under amplifier stage, relatively the negative pole of isolating diode two partially connects the other end for comparing inclined stabilivolt two under amplifier stage under amplifier stage, 3rd tunnel is connected to the one end for comparing inclined stabilivolt three under amplifier stage, the outfan of comparison amplifier two is the outfan for comparing Unit two in amplifier stage, is connected to the positive pole of interlocking diode 2；

The relatively unit of amplifier stage the 3rd is by comparing end upper inclined resistance three, in-phase end isolating diode three, compare inclined stabilivolt three under amplifier stage, preposition isolating diode three, comparison amplifier three, interlocking diode 3--1, interlock diode 3--2 and collectively constitute；Connected mode is, the in-phase input end of comparison amplifier three；The colelctor electrode of preposition amplifier tube is connect, one end connection power supply of upper inclined resistance three, the other end is connected to two-way, and the first via is connected to the positive pole of in-phase end isolating diode three, and the negative pole of in-phase end isolating diode three connects the end of oppisite phase of comparison amplifier three；Second tunnel is connected to the positive pole of preposition isolating diode three, the negative pole of preposition isolating diode three, it is connected to the other end for comparing inclined stabilivolt three under amplifier stage, the outfan of comparison amplifier three is the outfan for comparing Unit three in amplifier stage, and the outfan of comparison amplifier three is connected to the positive pole of interlocking diode 3-1 and interlocking diode 3-2；

Oscillator stage has three units, is respectively vibration Unit one, vibration Unit two and vibration Unit three；

Resistance one partially is collectively constituted partially under end resistance one, one unit in-phase end of vibration by amplifier in oscillation resistance one, vibration Unit one in oscillating capacitance one, vibration Unit one in commissure diode one, vibration Unit one is integrated one, on one unit in-phase end of vibration to vibrate a unit；Connected mode is：The negative pole of commissure diode one is the input of this unit, it is connected to the outfan for comparing amplifier stage first module, it is the outfan of comparison amplifier one, the positive pole of commissure diode one is connected to the end of oppisite phase in vibration Unit one in amplifier integrated, end of oppisite phase in amplifier integrated has been also connected with vibrating the positive pole of oscillating capacitance one in a unit, the minus earth of oscillating capacitance one, oscillation resistance one is connected in vibration Unit one between the end of oppisite phase and outfan of amplifier integrated, the outfan for vibrating amplifier integrated in a unit is connected on one unit in-phase end of vibration one end of end resistance one partially, the other end of end resistance one partially is connected to the in-phase end of amplifier integrated on in-phase end, inclined resistance one is connected between the in-phase end of amplifier integrated one and ground wire under in-phase end, the outfan of amplifier integrated is the outfan for vibrating a unit；

By amplifier in oscillation resistance two, vibration Unit two in oscillating capacitance two, vibration Unit two in commissure diode two, vibration Unit two is integrated two, on two unit in-phase ends of vibration, resistance two partially is collectively constituted partially under end resistance two, two unit in-phase ends of vibration by Unit two are vibrated to vibrate Unit two, and connected mode is：Connected mode be the negative pole of commissure diode two be Unit two input，It is connected to the outfan for comparing amplifier stage second unit，It is the outfan of comparison amplifier two，The positive pole of commissure diode two is connected to the end of oppisite phase in vibration Unit two in amplifier integrated two，End of oppisite phase in amplifier integrated two has been also connected with vibrating the positive pole of oscillating capacitance two in Unit two，The minus earth of oscillating capacitance two，Oscillation resistance two is connected in vibration Unit two between the end of oppisite phase and outfan of amplifier integrated two，The outfan for vibrating amplifier integrated two in Unit two is connected on two unit in-phase ends of vibration one end of end resistance two partially，The other end of end resistance two partially is connected to the in-phase end of amplifier integrated two on in-phase end，Inclined resistance two is connected between the in-phase end of amplifier integrated two and ground wire under in-phase end，The outfan of amplifier integrated two is the outfan for vibrating Unit two；

End resistance three partially is collectively constituted partially under resistance three, three unit homophases of vibration by amplifier in oscillation resistance three, vibration Unit three in oscillating capacitance three, vibration Unit three in commissure diode three, vibration Unit three unit is integrated three, on three unit in-phase ends of vibration to vibrate Unit three；

Connected mode is that connected mode is：The negative pole of commissure diode three is the input of Unit three, it is connected to the outfan for comparing the unit of amplifier stage the 3rd, it is the outfan of comparison amplifier three, the positive pole of commissure diode three is connected to the end of oppisite phase in amplifier integrated three, end of oppisite phase in amplifier integrated three has been also connected with vibrating the positive pole of oscillating capacitance three in Unit three, the minus earth of oscillating capacitance three, oscillation resistance three is connected in vibration Unit three between the end of oppisite phase and outfan of amplifier integrated three, the outfan for vibrating amplifier integrated three in Unit three is connected on three unit in-phase ends of vibration one end of end resistance three partially, the other end of end resistance three partially is connected to the in-phase end of amplifier integrated three on in-phase end, inclined resistance three is connected between the in-phase end of amplifier integrated three and ground wire under in-phase end, the outfan of amplifier integrated three is the outfan for vibrating Unit three；

Voice level is collectively constituted by voice first module, voice second unit, voice the 3rd,

The outfan in amplifier stage in a unit is compared in one end connection of voice first module in voice level；The other end is grounded；

The outfan in amplifier stage in Unit two is compared in one end connection of voice second unit in voice level；The other end is grounded；

The outfan in amplifier stage in Unit three is compared in one end connection of the unit of voice the 3rd in voice level；The other end is grounded；

Show promote level by show promote a unit, show promote Unit two and show promote Unit three collectively constitute；

Display level is made up of the first display unit, the second display unit, the 3rd display unit, and 9 double anode common cathode luminous tubes, and the common cathode resistance of each double anode common cathode luminous tube are included in each display unit；

Show and promote a unit by one unit Counter of promotion is shown, the OR gate diode that counter output is connected, the resistance to earth that clear terminal is connected is collectively constituted；Show and promote Unit two by showing the first enumerator promoted in Unit two, showing the OR gate diode that the second enumerator promoted in Unit two, two counter outputs are connected, the resistance to earth that two counter O reset ends are connected is collectively constituted；Show and promote Unit three by showing the first enumerator promoted in Unit three, showing the second enumerator promoted in Unit three, show the OR gate diode that the 3rd enumerator promoted in Unit three, three block counter outfans are connected, the resistance to earth that three block counter clear terminals are connected is collectively constituted；

Show that last outfan for promoting the first enumerator in Unit two is connected to the oscillation inputs for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit two, show that last outfan for promoting the first enumerator in Unit three is connected to the oscillation inputs for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit three, show that last outfan connection for promoting the second enumerator in Unit three shows the oscillation inputs for promoting the 3rd enumerator in Unit three, show that the clear terminal for promoting three block counters in Unit three all connects a negative pole for resetting isolating diode, the positive pole of three clearing isolating diodes is all connected in display promotion Unit three on last outfan of the 3rd enumerator；

The first anode is two-way in two anodes of first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the first display unit，The negative pole for showing the OR gate diode for promoting the first output of a unit Counter connect is connect all the way，Second tunnel connects and shows the negative pole for promoting the connected first OR gate diode of the first outfan of the first enumerator in Unit three，Second plate is two-way，The first via connects and shows the negative pole for promoting the connected OR gate diode of the first outfan of the first enumerator in Unit two，Second tunnel connects and shows the negative pole for promoting the connected second OR gate diode of the first outfan of the first enumerator in Unit three，Two anode connections of remaining the double anode common cathode luminous tube in the first display unit are identical，Second double anode common cathode luminous tube being a difference in that in the first display unit connects the second outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 3rd outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 4th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 4th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 5th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 5th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 6th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 6th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 7th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 7th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 8th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 8th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 9th double anode common cathode luminous tube in first display unit connects the 9th outfan of correspondence enumerator；

The first anode connects and shows the first outfan for promoting the second enumerator in Unit three in two anodes of first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the second display unit，The second plate of first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the second display unit is two-way，Connect all the way and show the negative pole for promoting the connected OR gate diode of the first outfan of the second enumerator in Unit two，Second tunnel connects and shows the negative pole for promoting the connected second OR gate diode of the first outfan of the second enumerator in Unit three，Two anode connections of remaining the double anode common cathode luminous tube in the second display unit are identical，Second double anode common cathode luminous tube being a difference in that in the second display unit connects the second outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 3rd double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 3rd outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 4th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 4th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 5th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 5th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 6th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 6th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 7th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 7th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 8th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 8th outfan of correspondence enumerator，The 9th double anode common cathode luminous tube in second display unit connects the 9th outfan of correspondence enumerator；

Two anodes of first double anode common cathode luminous tube in the 3rd display unit all connect and show the first outfan for promoting the 3rd enumerator in Unit three, and two anodes of the another 8 double anodes common cathode luminous tube in the 3rd display unit are connected in turn in display promotion Unit three on another 8 outfans of the 3rd enumerator；

All connect an earth resistance between clear terminal and ground wire per block counter；

The negative pole of all luminous tubes of display level is connected to respectively a resistance to ground wire；

Reset level and constituted with 6 clearing OR gate diodes by peaker is reset：

Clearing peaker is constituted by differential capacitance, clearing differential resistance, clearing commissure resistance, clearing N pipes, clearing P pipes is reset；

The one end for resetting differential capacitance is the input for resetting level，Connect with the colelctor electrode of preposition amplifier tube，The other end for resetting differential capacitance is two-way，Clearing differential resistance is connect all the way to ground wire，Another road connects the base stage for resetting N pipes，Reset the grounded emitter line of N pipes，Reset N pipes and reset commissure resistance with the indirect of the base stage for resetting P pipes，The emitter stage for resetting P pipes connects power supply，The colelctor electrode for resetting P pipes connects the positive pole of 6 clearing OR gate diodes，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode one connects the clear terminal for showing one unit Counter of promotion，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode two connects the clear terminal for showing the first enumerator in promotion Unit two，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode three connects the clear terminal for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit two，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode three connects the clear terminal for showing the first enumerator in promotion Unit three，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode four connects the clear terminal for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit three，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode five connects the clear terminal for showing the second enumerator in promotion Unit three，The negative pole for resetting OR gate diode six connects the clear terminal for showing the 3rd enumerator in promotion Unit three.

2. a kind of staged conductivity education demonstrator of amplifier control according to claim 1, is characterized in that：Show that the binary counter for promoting first module and the binary counter for showing promotion second unit are using integrated circuit CD4060.

3. a kind of staged conductivity education demonstrator of amplifier control according to claim 1, is characterized in that：Three pieces of decade computers for showing promotion Unit the 3rd are using integrated circuit CD4017.