CN106683544A

CN106683544A - Discrete conductivity macroscopic display teaching demonstration instrument

Info

Publication number: CN106683544A
Application number: CN201510744486.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋丹; 杨远静
Original assignee: Chongqing Zunlai Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Zunlai Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-11-06
Filing date: 2015-11-06
Publication date: 2017-05-17

Abstract

A discrete conductivity macroscopic display teaching demonstration instrument belongs to the teaching apparatus demonstration field. The demonstration instrument is formed by a test rod, a test clamp, demonstration instrument jacks and a discrete electronic circuit. The discrete electronic circuit is formed by a prestage, a partial pressure stage, an interlocking amplifying stage, a voice stage, an explicit displaying promotion stage, a display stage and a zero clearing stage. One of the two jacks in a tester is connected to an input terminal of the discrete electronic circuit and the other one is connected to a ground line. The test clamp clamps a measured object. When the measured object is connected to two ends of a test hole, according to strength of conductive performance of the object, different partial pressure values of partial pressure are reached so as to start the corresponding interlocking amplifying stage. The interlocking amplifying stage starts the corresponding voice stage and the explicit displaying promotion stage so as to form corresponding display of the display stage and display conductive performance of the measured object. The instrument possesses light display of sound and three colors and possesses interestingness so that love of teenagers to science can be cultivated, and the instrument can be popularized in a lot of schools.

Description

Discrete conductance macroscopic view shows demonstration instrument for teaching

Technical field

Belong to instruments used for education demonstration field.

Background technology

Innovation is the soul of nationality, and young student are the strength of innovation.

The prosperity of country is talent, and the culture of talent is education.The emphasis teenager of education, juvenile Qiang Ze Guoqiang, the progressive then state progress of teenager, will cultivate teenager and science is had deep love for, it is crucial to improve the quality of teaching, and laboratory apparatus is precisely a key factor for improving teaching, laboratory apparatus is good, and the experiment done has more convincingness, so that students ' understanding things, understand natural phenomena, inspire the thinking of student, play an important role to improving level of education.Therefore, the various laboratory apparatus in teaching are all constantly being lifted, but also there are many weak points：One is the species deficiency of laboratory apparatus, also not comprehensive especially for the laboratory apparatus of the students of the junior years.Two be the spirit taught through lively activities in instruments used for education not enough, three be now majority instruments used for education cost it is too high, thus the village school remote to some can't spread to many universal instruments used for education.

Electricity is most important a kind of class in physics, full of magical Experiments of Electricity, the interest of teenager can be excited, simultaneously the basic conception to setting up electricity plays the role of important, if can develop a kind of multi-functional conduction demonstration instrument and demonstrator can visualize electricity part concept and law by abstract, it is clear that have positive help to educatee.

The content of the invention

In order to allow instruments used for education to spread to school of every institute, the species of abundant instruments used for education, the measure of the present invention is to develop discrete conductance macroscopic view to show demonstration instrument for teaching, its purpose one is to allow student from a kind of angle of perception, understands the situation of conductance, understands conductor, resistance, the concept and meaning of insulator object, and then understand the meaning of Ohm's law, thus allow student to lay the first stone.Two is the instrument because of the display with light with three kinds of colors of sound, therefore with certain interest, can cultivate numerous teenagers and science is had deep love for.Three is with low cost, can become a kind of instrument in the popularization of vast school.

Measure of the present invention is：

1st, discrete conductance macroscopic view shows that demonstration instrument for teaching is collectively constituted by prod, test clip, demonstrator jointing holes, discrete electronic circuit.

Prod is made up of conductor, and appearance is surrounded by insulant；Test clip is made up of Crocodile-type clamp.

Tester jointing holes are made up of two jacks, and one of them is connected on the input of electronic circuit, on another connection ground wire.

Discrete electronic circuit is made up of prestage, partial pressure level, interlocking amplifying stage, voice level, aobvious promotion level, display level, the clearing level of putting.

Prestage indicates that protective resistance, test voltage indication light pipe are constituted by sensitive limiting resistance, sensitive adjustable resistance, preposition pipe, test voltage：Sensitive adjustable resistance and sensitive restriction resistant series; one end is connected in a jointing holes of tester; the other end is connected in the base stage of preposition pipe; the emitter stage of preposition pipe connects power supply; the colelctor electrode of preposition pipe is the output of prestage; test voltage indicates that protective resistance indicates the output of a termination prestage of branch road with the test voltage being in series of test voltage indication light pipe, and test voltage indicates the other end ground wire of branch road.

Partial pressure level is made up of inclined resistance under inclined resistance two, partial pressure on inclined resistance one, partial pressure in partial pressure：The output of a termination prestage of inclined resistance one in partial pressure, the other end is two-way, the one end for the interlocking resistance two that amplifying unit two is interlocked in interlocking amplifying stage is connect all the way, another road connects one end of inclined resistance two in partial pressure, the other end of inclined resistance two is two-way in partial pressure, the one end for the interlocking resistance three that amplifying unit three is interlocked in interlocking amplifying stage is connect all the way, and another road connects under partial pressure inclined resistance to ground wire.

Interlocking amplifying stage is constituted by amplifying unit one, interlocking amplifying unit two, interlocking amplifying unit three is interlocked.

Interlocking amplifying unit one is made up of interlocking resistance one, amplification N pipes one, commissure resistance one, amplification P pipes one, interlocking diode one, interlocking diode two：Interlocking resistance one is connected between the base stage of the output of prestage and amplification N pipes one, amplify the colelctor electrode of N pipes one and the indirect commissure resistance one of the base stage for amplifying P pipes one, amplify the grounded emitter line of N pipes one, the emitter stage for amplifying P pipes one connects power supply, the colelctor electrode for amplifying P pipes one is the output for interlocking amplifying unit one, interlocking diode one connects the base stage for amplifying N pipes one with the positive pole of interlocking diode two, the negative pole of interlocking diode one connects the colelctor electrode for amplifying N pipes two in interlocking amplifying unit two, the negative pole of interlocking diode two connects the colelctor electrode for amplifying N pipes three in interlocking amplifying unit three.

Interlocking amplifying unit two is made up of interlocking resistance two, amplification N pipes two, commissure resistance two, amplification P pipes two, interlocking diode three：Another termination of interlocking resistance two amplifies the base stage of N pipes two, amplify the colelctor electrode of N pipes two and the indirect commissure resistance two of the base stage for amplifying P pipes two, amplify the grounded emitter line of N pipes two, the emitter stage for amplifying P pipes two connects power supply, the colelctor electrode for amplifying P pipes two is the output for interlocking amplifying unit two, the positive pole of interlocking diode three connects the base stage for amplifying N pipes two, and the negative pole for interlocking diode three connects the colelctor electrode for amplifying N pipes three in interlocking amplifying unit three.

Interlocking amplifying unit three is made up of interlocking resistance three, amplification N pipes three, commissure resistance three, amplification P pipes three：Another termination of interlocking resistance three amplifies the base stage of N pipes three, amplify the colelctor electrode of N pipes three and the indirect commissure resistance three of the base stage for amplifying P pipes three, amplify the grounded emitter line of N pipes three, the emitter stage for amplifying P pipes three connects power supply, the colelctor electrode for amplifying P pipes three is the output for interlocking amplifying unit two.

Voice level is made up of the first voice unit, the second voice unit, the 3rd voice unit：First voice unit is connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit one, and the second voice unit is connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit two, and the 3rd voice unit is connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit three.

Aobvious putting promotes aobvious the putting of level promote a unit, promote the aobvious Unit two, the aobvious Unit three of putting of promotion put to constitute.

Aobvious putting promotes a unit to go forward nine to export aobvious pipe, a location counter one, a location counter N, the oscillating capacitance of a location counter one, the oscillation resistance of a location counter one, the protective resistance of a location counter one, the clearing resistance one put for being connected by N number of counter, N number of counter to constitute：Aobvious putting promotes the zero line of all counters in a unit to be all connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit one, aobvious putting promotes the clear terminal of all counters in a unit to connect together, connect clearing resistance one and arrive ground wire, the negative pole of the clearing diode one reset in level is also connect, aobvious front nine output for putting all counters promoted in a unit connects respectively an aobvious base stage for putting pipe, all aobvious emitter stage all ground wires for putting pipe, last output of one location counter one connects the oscillation inputs of a location counter two, it is sequentially connected, until a location counter N, one vibration end of the location counter one of one end one that the oscillating capacitance of one location counter one connects, another vibration end of one one location counter of termination of the oscillation resistance of one location counter one, the protective resistance of one location counter one connects the 3rd vibration end of a location counter, the other end of the oscillating capacitance of one location counter one, the other end of the oscillation resistance of one location counter one, the other end of the protective resistance of one location counter one is connected together, become the oscillation center point of a location counter one.

Promote it is aobvious put Unit two and go forward nine to export aobvious pipe, the oscillating capacitance of two location counters one, the oscillation resistance of two location counters one, the protective resistance of two location counters one, the clearing resistance two put for being connected by N+N counter, N+N counter constitute：Aobvious putting promotes the zero line of all counters in Unit two to be all connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit two, aobvious putting promotes the clear terminal of all counters in Unit two to connect together, connect clearing resistance two and arrive ground wire, the negative pole of the clearing diode two reset in level is also connect, aobvious front nine output for putting all counters promoted in Unit two connects respectively an aobvious base stage for putting pipe, all aobvious emitter stage all ground wires for putting pipe, last output of two location counters one connects the oscillation inputs of two location counters two, it is sequentially connected, until N+N counter, one vibration end of the location counter one of one end two that the oscillating capacitance of two location counters one connects, another vibration end of one two location counters of termination of the oscillation resistance of two location counters one, the protective resistance of two location counters one connects the 3rd vibration end of two location counters, the other end of the oscillating capacitance of two location counters one, the other end of the oscillation resistance of two location counters one, the other end of the protective resistance of two location counters one is connected together, become the oscillation center point of two location counters one.

Promote it is aobvious put Unit three and go forward nine to export aobvious pipe, the oscillating capacitance of three location counters one, the oscillation resistance of three location counters one, the protective resistance of three location counters one, the clearing resistance three put for being connected by N+N9 counter, N+N9 counter constitute：Aobvious putting promotes the zero line of all counters in Unit three to be all connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit three, aobvious putting promotes the clear terminal of all counters in Unit three to connect together, connect clearing resistance three and arrive ground wire, the negative pole of the clearing diode three reset in level is also connect, aobvious front nine output for putting all counters promoted in Unit three connects respectively an aobvious base stage for putting pipe, all aobvious emitter stage all ground wires for putting pipe, last output of three location counters one connects the oscillation inputs of two location counters two, it is sequentially connected, until N+N9 counter, one vibration end of the location counter one of one end three that the oscillating capacitance of three location counters one connects, another vibration end of one three location counters of termination of the oscillation resistance of three location counters one, the protective resistance of three location counters one connects the 3rd vibration end of three location counters, the other end of the oscillating capacitance of three location counters one, the other end of the oscillation resistance of three location counters one, the other end of the protective resistance of three location counters one is connected together, become the oscillation center point of three location counters one.

Display level is made up of display unit one, display unit two, display unit three.

Display unit one is made up of the common anode electrode resistance of first group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit one, last group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit one and each common-anode luminous tube：The counter corresponding to common-anode luminous tube in aobvious display unit one has the aobvious all counters put and promote a unit, it is aobvious to put the location counter N of two location counter one to two in promotion Unit two, it is aobvious to put the location counter N of three location counter one to three in promotion Unit three, wherein each aobvious put first counter in pushing unit one to nine exports the aobvious first group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit one for being connect, one to nine of n-th counter exports aobvious last group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit one for being connect, one negative electrode of every group of common-anode luminous tube is connected together, another negative electrode is connected together, it is aobvious to put the location counter N of two location counter one to two in promotion Unit two, aobvious being put connect respectively in one to nine output for promote the location counter N of a location counter one in Unit three one and aobvious put pipe, wherein show and put the negative electrode that the aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe for promoting the location counter N of two location counter one to two in Unit two connects common-anode luminous tube, it is aobvious to put another negative electrode for promoting the aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe that the location counter N of a location counter one to is connect in a unit to connect common-anode luminous tube.

Aobvious putting connect two aobvious base stages for putting pipe respectively in each output for promoting to N number of counter in Unit three, one of them aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe promotes in Unit two one to be connected together to the aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe that N number of counter is connect with aobvious putting, and another aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe promotes in a unit one to be connected together to the aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe that N number of counter is connect with aobvious putting.

The anode of all common-anode luminous tubes in display unit one all connects a common anode electrode resistance to power supply.

The common anode electrode resistance composition of first group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit two, last group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit two and each common-anode luminous tube.

Aobvious corresponding to common-anode luminous tube in display unit two is put the counter that pipe connects and is had and aobvious put the two location counter N+N of location counter N+1 to two in promotion Unit two, it is aobvious to put the three location counter N+N of location counter N+1 to three in promotion Unit three, wherein each aobvious put N+1 counter in pushing unit one to nine exports the aobvious first group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit two for being connect, one to nine of N+N counter exports aobvious last group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit two for being connect, one negative electrode of every group of common-anode luminous tube is connected together, another negative electrode is connected together.

Aobvious being put connect respectively in one to nine output for promote the two location counter N+N of location counter N+1 to two in Unit two one and aobvious put pipe, each aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe connects a negative electrode of common-anode luminous tube, aobvious putting connect two aobvious base stages for putting pipe respectively in each output for promoting to N number of counter in Unit three, one of them aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe promotes in Unit two one to be connected together to the aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe that N number of counter is connect with aobvious putting, and another aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe connects another negative electrode of common-anode luminous tube.

The anode of all common-anode luminous tubes in display unit two all connects a common anode electrode resistance to power supply.

Display unit three by display unit three first group of common-anode luminous tube；Last group of common-anode luminous tube of 4.3-2, display unit three；And the common anode electrode resistance composition of each common-anode luminous tube.

Aobvious corresponding to common-anode luminous tube in display unit three is put the counter that pipe connects and is had and aobvious put the three location counter N+N9 of location counter N+N1 to three in promotion Unit three, one to nine of three location counter N+N1 exports the aobvious first group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit three for being connect, one to nine of three location counter N+N9 exports aobvious last group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit three for being connect, and two negative electrodes of every group of common-anode luminous tube are connected together.

Aobvious being put connect respectively in one to nine output for promote the three location counter N+N9 of location counter N+N1 to three in Unit three one and aobvious put pipe.

The anode of all common-anode luminous tubes in display unit three all connects a common anode electrode resistance to power supply.

Reset level and constituted by differential capacitance, clearing differential resistance, clearing discharge resistance, clearing N pipes, isolation resistance, clearing P pipes, clearing diode one, clearing diode two, clearing diode three is reset：Reset the output of a termination prestage of differential capacitance, the other end is two-way, connect all the way and reset differential resistance to the base stage for resetting N pipes, another road connects clearing discharge resistance to ground wire, reset the grounded emitter line of N pipes, the colelctor electrode of N pipes and the indirect isolation resistance of the base stage for resetting P pipes are reset, the emitter stage for resetting P pipes connects power supply, the colelctor electrode for resetting P pipes connects the positive pole of three clearing diodes.

2nd, the binary counter for putting pushing unit is shown using integrated circuit CD4060.

3rd, it is electrodeless electric capacity to reset differential capacitance.

4th, preposition pipe is PNP triode.

Meaning interpretation to above-mentioned measure is as follows：

First, the principle produced by whole circuit diagram：When the object surveyed is connected in instrument connection two ends, according to the conductive performance of object, to preposition pipe（1.3 in Fig. 2）Bias current is produced, its colelctor electrode is produced and amplifies electric current, through partial pressure level, form the different threshold values of height, the action of excitation interlocking amplifying unit, so as to encourage the aobvious startup put pushing unit, form display level, produces correspondence demonstrative process.Because this instrument is designed with clearing level, when its function is to test every time, transient voltage will be added to reset all counter O reset ends, so as to ensure that the logically true of display level.

2nd, to the explanation of partial pressure level：Partial pressure level is by inclined resistance one in partial pressure（In Fig. 2 2.1）, resistance two partially in partial pressure（In Fig. 2 2.2）, resistance partially under partial pressure（In Fig. 2 2.3）Composition, forms three-level bleeder circuit, and partial pressure effect is that to be output as highest be the first order to the non-partial pressure of output end of prestage, and first resistor and second resistance partial pressure are output as taking second place for the second level, and second resistance is output as the minimum third level with 3rd resistor partial pressure.If the object conductance for being detected is low, then it is only possible to the first order triggering rear class in partial pressure output, when the object conductance for being detected is higher, then it is only possible to trigger rear class with the second level in the first order of partial pressure, and the third level can not possibly trigger corresponding rear class, when the good object detection of conductance, at this moment all grades of partial pressure has output, for make display logic correctly with uniquely, be that interlocking amplifying stage in this this instrument in rear class is provided with interlock circuit.

3rd, to the explanation of interlocking amplifying stage：Interlocking amplifying stage is constituted by amplifying unit one, interlocking amplifying unit two, interlocking amplifying unit three is interlocked.When prestage has output, after partial pressure, the startup of correspondence interlocking amplifying stage is formed, remaining interlocking amplifying unit of clamper is made another two interlockings amplifying unit without output by the interlocking diode for being connected, and corresponding aobvious pushing unit of putting does not start, will not show.

1st, to make the object or secondly good thing of the good conductance body in detection,（It is the first order of partial pressure level or when the second level there are two stronger signal outputs, or three partial pressures outputs are when having output）, there is output in the only one of which unit of this interlocking amplifying stage, uniqueness is produced, so devising interlock circuit.

2nd, designing generation only element after interlock circuit has the principle of output.

A, when the very poor object of conductance is detected, the only bleeder circuit first order has input, so this level only has corresponding interlocking amplifying unit one to have output.

B, when the next best object of conductance is detected, although the bleeder circuit first order has input simultaneously with the second level, but is because amplifying N pipes two（In Fig. 2 3.22）Collector potential be low level, by interlock diode one（In Fig. 2 3.15）To amplifying N pipes one（In Fig. 2 3.12）Base stage clamper, so only it is corresponding interlocking amplifying unit two externally have output.

C, when the object of good conductance is detected, although the bleeder circuit first order has input simultaneously with the second level third level, but is because amplifying N pipes three（In Fig. 2 3.32）Collector potential is low level, by interlocking diode two（In Fig. 2 3.16）With interlocking diode three（In Fig. 2 3.26）, to amplifying N pipes one（In Fig. 2 3.12）With amplification N pipes two（In Fig. 2 3.22）Base stage simultaneously clamper, so finally only having corresponding interlocking amplifying unit three externally to have output.

3rd, using N pipes and the advantage for amplifying the complementary circuit that P pipes are formed is amplified, one is have very strong amplifying power to this grade, and two is have very strong load capacity, it is possible to the multiple counters of rear class band, and the quantity of counter is more, and display effect is then stronger.

4th, the explanation for promoting level is put to showing：Due to each output of counter be all connected to it is aobvious put effective for phase inverter, so extending power, its principle is, when there is signal, the current collection extremely low level of phase inverter, the common-anode luminous tube correspondence negative electrode of institute's band is low level, path is produced over the ground, so common-anode luminous tube is luminous.Each exports and can for convenience express with multiple common-anode luminous tubes correspondence counter, and each has only drawn three in accompanying drawing, it is that multiple common-anode luminous tubes become a base unit, same quantity can be more macroscopical in display portion with a lot, thus more has teaching efficiency.

1., show and put promotion Unit one.

It can only be threshold values that the minimum object of conductance may pass through that the characteristics of unit one is, two is that counter is made up of binary counter CD4060, three be the unit counter it is minimum, thus institute's band common-anode luminous tube quantity it is also minimum, four is the pole that the output end of counter is connected to common-anode luminous tube, thus the color produced by the common-anode luminous tube for being encouraged is a kind of color.

It is that before this first lamp was bright followed by the second lamp is bright because line as above feature, the bright rule one of its common-anode luminous tube is the rule of binary counter output, is then later common-anode luminous tube.Two be bright common-anode luminous tube be only numerous common-anode luminous tubes a part.

2., show and put promotion Unit two.

The characteristics of unit one is that door is higher than a unit, but it is lower than Unit the 3rd, so can only be the threshold values that the medium physics of conductance passes through, two is that counter is made up of binary counter CD4060, three be the unit counter it is more than a unit, thus band common-anode luminous tube quantity it is more than a unit, four be four be that the output end of counter is connected to the second pole of display level double anode common cathode luminous tube, thus the color produced by the common-anode luminous tube for being encouraged is second color.

Because line is as above feature, the bright rule one of its common-anode luminous tube is the rule of binary counter output, is that before this first lamp was bright followed by the second lamp is bright, is then later luminous tube.Two be bright luminous tube be only numerous luminous tubes a part.

3., show and put promotion Unit three.

The characteristics of unit one is door highest, so can only be the threshold values that the best good conductor of conductance passes through, two is that counter is made up of binary counter CD, three is that output end used by the counter of the unit is most, thus the common-anode luminous tube quantity of band is most, four is that the output end of counter puts pipe while being connected to two anodes of display level common-anode luminous tube by aobvious, thus the color produced by the common-anode luminous tube for being encouraged is the third color.

Because line is as above feature, the bright rule one of its luminous tube is the rule of binary counter output, is that before this first lamp was bright followed by the second lamp is bright, is then successively that all luminous tubes are bright once.Two is so the luminous tube of display level that encouraged of the unit, is recurrent state.

Five, display level is by display unit one, display unit two, display unit three is constituted, there is multigroup common-anode luminous tube in each display unit, using common-anode double color luminotron, when it is aobvious put promotion Unit one and have output when, when the first negative electrode is low level in correspondence common-anode luminous tube in display level, so common-anode luminous tube produces a kind of color at this, when it is aobvious put promotion Unit two and have output when, when the second negative electrode is low level in correspondence common-anode luminous tube in display level, common-anode luminous tube produces second color, when it is aobvious put promotion Unit three and have output when, when the first negative electrode and the second negative electrode are low level simultaneously in correspondence luminous tube in display level, the common-anode luminous tube produces the third color, because showing to put level and adopt and having power amplifier level three-level and phase inverter, so extending the quantity of luminous tube, so there is good display effect.

There are following characteristics the part：

One is that these numerous luminous tubes can according to certain rules make mechanical arrangement, can form various good visual effects.

Two are because employing double anode common cathode luminous tube, while being connected to OR gate diode on two units jointly anode of the luminous tube of connection, so being independent of each other during excitation, can send three kinds of colors.Represent different element excitations.

Three is that, because the luminous tube of display level is corresponding with three units respectively, so the quantity of every group of luminous tube, bright frequency, mode, color is all different.Can there is the situation of three kinds of colors in luminous tube.

6th, due to being designed with voice level in this measure, the level has three units corresponding with three units of amplifying stage are compared respectively, so when corresponding unit works, when can export a high position, excitation voice unit can sounding.

7th, level principle and feature are reset：

Every time during test object, preposition amplifier tube meeting output voltage, through resetting differential capacitance（In Fig. 2 8.1）With clearing differential resistance（In Fig. 2 8.2）Transmission, excitation reset N pipe（8.4 in Fig. 3）, therefore reset P pipes（8.6 in Fig. 3）Colelctor electrode has high voltage transient to export, by resetting diode one（8.7 in Fig. 3）All counter O resets in promotion Unit one are put to aobvious；In the same manner by resetting diode two（8.8 in Fig. 3）All counter O resets in promotion Unit two are put to aobvious, by resetting diode three（In Fig. 2 8.9）All counter O resets in promotion Unit three are put to aobvious.Complementary amplification is consisted of with P pipes are reset due to resetting N pipes, gain is very high, as long as preposition amplification pipe collector has small output, the active differentiator being made up of two pipes has reliable output, so as to ensure that bright logic.

Have the advantages that after enforcement following prominent：

1st, electricity is content important in physics, and student clearly can cross instrument and come to realize and arrive, and what is good conductor, resistance, insulator, the concept of electric current, help beginner set up most basic concept in electricity play the role of it is positive.

2nd, Ohm's law is most important philosophy in electricity, and learning in-depth study of the Ohm's law to electricity well has important place mat effect.Beginner feels that definition is abstract, is demonstrated with shaping by this instrument, and beginner can be made to understand Ohm's law digestion, rather than simply produces simply mechanical stiff memory.

The timing of voltage one that A, sizing ground demonstration Ohm's law are disclosed, the relation between electric current and resistance.Resistance is bigger, the less visual effect of electric current.

And numerous luminous tube implied meanings of this instrument are a rivers, abstract electric current metaphor is become into current.When electric current crosses test body, the phenomenon that the high object of conductance is demonstrated is that electric current can flow to terminal as river from initial point,（Intuitive visual effect be intended in the luminous tube of initial point and the luminous tube of terminal it is bright,）And speed is quickly（It is embodied in frequency fast, and produces circulation）, thus intuitive visual effect is electric current crosses the resistance being subject to during object（That is resistance）Very little, thus electric current is very unimpeded.The kind of object that electricity passes through conductance difference, the resistance being subject to is big（I.e. resistance is big）, as current, flow difficulties, not only speed is slow（Intuitive visual effect is that frequency is slow）, and stream is difficult to terminal.（The luminous tube for being embodied in terminal does not work, and can only be that initial point and later part luminous tube are bright）.

B, sizing ground demonstration Ohm's law disclose when resistance is a timing, voltage is bigger, and electric current is bigger.And voltage is less, the less visual effect of electric current.

With a resistance as test object, it shows that luminous tube is that part luminous tube is bright during demonstration, now reduce the resistance of sensitivity adjustment resistance, test voltage indication light pipe becomes clear, its demonstration meaning is to improve the terminal voltage of institute's measuring resistance, the now bright quantity raise-position of the luminous tube of display level becomes the phenomenon of the embodiment of good conductor, so as to represent the visual effect of electric current increase.Conversely, now increasing the resistance of sensitivity adjustment resistance, test voltage indication light pipe puts out, and its demonstration meaning is to reduce the terminal voltage of institute's measuring resistance, now shows that the bright quantity decrease of luminous tube becomes the phenomenon of the big performance of resistance, so as to represent that electric current is reduced.

Because this instrument largest benefit is abstract concept to be become into visualization, this is particularly the student education in outlying mountain area to beginner, is helpful.

3rd, this instrument be mainly to aid in beginner it is cognitive and to conductor, insulator, resistance, electric current, the sizing of Ohm's law concept understand makes demonstration, its largest benefit is the meaning that the electricity abstract to these has related parameter, from multi-angle, many visual angles come to realize, abstract thing is become into intelligible phenomenon, mainly have it is following some：

1., display level is luminous nest of tubes, and its layout can become everybody thing familiar to institute, such as be arranged in a river of analogy meaning, will become familiar vivid current by the abstract current analog of physics, become the first visual angle.

2. and plus the conductor tested, resistance, insulator and passed through test body are that this rule river represents, therefore comparativity, and intuitive is strong.

3., electric current is strong, and bright luminous tube is rapid for all, and produces circulation, visually represents that electric current flows very smooth as current.It is part with little, bright luminous tube in electric current, or minimum number, and also frequency is slack-off therewith, or it is most slow, and beginner understands easy.

Resistance very little of the good conductor to electricity, so electric current is very big.

, there is resistance in the little resistance of resistance value, be resistance to electric current, and carrying on as before can be conductive, so bright luminous tube number is still more, frequency is very fast, but circulation can not be produced as conductor, visually represents electric current as current, though can flow, it is not smooth.

Resistance is excessive, and conductance is poor, and bright luminous tube is little, and bright frequency is very slow, also may circulation.It visually represents electric current as current, and when electric current flows on resistance, resistance is very big, therefore electric current flowing is highly difficult and painstaking.

Insulator because completely non-conductive, so luminous tube does not work completely.

Test good conductor, when resistance, insulator, the bright color of luminous tube is different, and every kind of color corresponds to a type objects, and this polychrome is corresponded to respectively, has both been easy to memory to understand.

There is voice to report, thus a surname has contaminated atmosphere.

With the popularization and decentralization of teaching material, beginner's age is little, therefore this demonstrator is it is also noted that the interest of demonstrative process, and These characteristics, just allowing for this reality.

4th, this instrument can allow student to understand some simple physicals and chemical phenomenon, to encourage teen-age science passion.

（1）, set up the most basic concept of semiconductor：

The both sexes of one diode are inserted in instrument connection by polarity, is now shown and good conductor phenomenon is occurred.If in reversed polarity insertion instrument connection, now showing the obstructed electrical phenomena that insulator occurs.

（2）, set up the object conductance concept relevant with temperature.

Insert respectively in this instrument one end such as two prods matched somebody with somebody with this instrument, the other end of prod is individually placed in the container for putting water, adjust the distance of prod, at this moment the luminous tube of display level can not work completely, plus hot water at this moment, at this moment the luminous tube of display level can change, and this explanation temperature is raised and reduced, and affects conductance.

（3）, understand electrolyte conductance phenomenon.

The process of prod as above, with salt is at this moment added in water, at this moment the passage can become the dispaly state of conducting again, and this illustrates electric conductor not just metal class of solid-state, and is present in liquid.

（4）, to understand same object conductivity relevant with environment.

The two ends of dry timber are such as clamped with Crocodile-type clamp, at this moment display level luminous tube is seldom bright, or even does not work, but water is sprinkled upon on this material tested, and the bright quantity of luminous tube can increase, electric conductivity can increase after this explanation timber makes moist.

5th, this instrument is because have interlocking amplifying stage, load capacity is strong, so the aobvious unit put in level of rear class can have multiple counters to load, while aobvious each output connection for putting grade Counter is containing power expansion pipe, for multiple luminous tubes, thus display effect can be made more significantly.

6th, performance is good.Because one be it is at different levels match and each unit between, and circuit is simplified, while being designed with clearing unit, it is ensured that logically true.Two is that partial pressure level adopts series relationship, therefore threshold voltage gap is fairly obvious, becomes threshold values ladder.

7th, this instrument belongs to the popular demonstrator of initial stage.Demand is big, and this instrument is easily produced, and debugging is simple, low cost, is easy to popularization.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the correlation figure that discrete conductance macroscopic view is shown between demonstration instrument for teaching unit.

In figure：1st, prestage；2nd, partial pressure level；3rd, amplifying stage is interlocked；3.1st, amplifying unit one is interlocked；3.2nd, amplifying unit two is interlocked；3.3rd, amplifying unit three is interlocked；4th, display level；4.1st, display unit one；4.2nd, display unit two；4.3rd, display unit three；5th, voice level；5.1st, the first voice unit；5.2nd, the second voice unit；5.3rd, the 3rd voice unit；6th, show and put promotion level；6.1st, show and put promotion Unit one；6.2nd, promote to show and put Unit two；6.3rd, promote to show and put Unit three；8th, level is reset.

Fig. 2 is a kind of electronic component schematic diagram that discrete conductance macroscopic view shows demonstration instrument for teaching first half.

In figure：0th, to outer jack；1.1st, sensitive limiting resistance；1.2nd, sensitive adjustable resistance；1.3rd, preposition pipe；1.4th, test voltage indicates protective resistance；1.5th, test voltage indication light pipe；2.1st, inclined resistance one in partial pressure；2.2nd, inclined resistance two in partial pressure；2.3rd, inclined resistance under partial pressure；3.11st, resistance one is interlocked；3.12nd, N pipes one are amplified；3.13rd, commissure resistance one；3.14th, P pipes one are amplified；3.15th, diode one is interlocked；3.16th, diode two is interlocked；3.21st, resistance two is interlocked；3.22nd, N pipes two are amplified；3.23rd, commissure resistance two；3.24th, P pipes two are amplified；3.26th, diode three is interlocked；3.31st, resistance three is interlocked；3.32nd, N pipes three are amplified；3.33rd, commissure resistance three；3.34th, P pipes three are amplified；5.1st, the first voice unit；5.2nd, the second voice unit；5.3rd, the 3rd voice unit；6.10th, resistance one is reset；6.11st, a location counter one；6.1N, a location counter N；6.1121st, the oscillating capacitance of a location counter one；6.1122nd, the oscillation resistance of a location counter one；6.1123rd, the protective resistance of a location counter one；6.1131st, the first output of a location counter one is aobvious puts pipe；6.1139th, the 9th output of a location counter one is aobvious puts pipe；6.1N31, first output of a location counter N show puts pipe；6.1N39, the 9th output of a location counter N show puts pipe；6.20th, resistance two is reset；6.21st, two location counter one；6.2N；Two location counter N；That is to say that aobvious the putting corresponding to display unit one promotes aobvious last counter for putting promotion Unit one of correspondence in Unit two；6.2N+1, two location counter N+1； 6.2N+N；Two location counter N+N, that is to say aobvious last counter put and promote Unit two；6.2121st, the oscillating capacitance of two location counters one；6.2122nd, the oscillation resistance of two location counters one；6.2123rd, the protective resistance of two location counters one；6.2131st, the first output of two location counters one is aobvious puts pipe；6.2139th, the 9th output of two location counters one is aobvious puts pipe；6.2N31, first output of two location counter N show puts pipe；6.2N39, the 9th output of two location counter N show puts pipe；6.2N+131, first output of two location counter N+1 show puts pipe；6.2N+139, the 9th output of two location counter N+1 show puts pipe；6.2N+N31, first output of two location counter N+N show puts pipe；6.2N+N39, the 9th output of two location counter N+N show puts pipe；6.30th, resistance three is reset；6.31st, three location counter one；6.3N, three location counter N；6.3N+1, three location counter N+1；6.3N+N, three location counter N+N；6.3N+N1, three location counter N+N1；6.3N+N9, three location counter N+N9, that is to say aobvious last counter put and promote Unit three；6.3121st, the oscillating capacitance of three location counters one；6.3122nd, the oscillation resistance of three location counters one；6.3123rd, the protective resistance of three location counters one；6.3131-1, the first output of three location counters one show puts pipe one；6.3131-2, the first output of three location counters one show puts pipe two；6.3139-1, the 9th output of three location counters one show puts pipe one；6.3139-2, the 9th output of three location counters one show puts pipe two；6.3N31-1, first output of three location counter N show puts pipe one；6.3N31-2, first output of three location counter N show puts pipe two；6.3N39-1, the 9th output of three location counter N show puts pipe one；6.3N39-2, the 9th output of three location counter N show puts pipe two；6.3N+131-1, first output of three location counter N+1 show puts pipe one；6.3N+131-2, first output of three location counter N+1 show puts pipe two；6.3N+139-1, the 9th output of three location counter N+1 show puts pipe one；6.3N+139-2, the 9th output of three location counter N+1 show puts pipe two；6.3N+N31-1, first output of three location counter N+N show puts pipe one；6.3N+N31-2, first output of three location counter N+N show puts pipe two；6.3N+N39-1, the 9th output of two location counter N+N show puts pipe one；6.3N+N39-2, the 9th output of two location counter N+N show puts pipe two；6.3N+N131, first output of three location counter N+N1 show puts pipe；6.3N+N139, the 9th output of three location counter N+N1 show puts pipe；6.3N+N931, first output of three location counter N+N9 show puts pipe；6.3N+N939, the 9th output of three location counter N+N9 show puts pipe；8.1st, differential capacitance is reset；8.2nd, differential resistance is reset；8.3rd, discharge resistance is reset；8.4th, N pipes are reset；8.5th, isolation resistance；8.6th, P pipes are reset；8.7th, diode one is reset；8.8th, diode two is reset；8.9th, diode three is reset；6.1N39, the 9th output of a location counter N show puts pipe.

Fig. 3 is the line schematic diagram of display unit one.

In figure：4.1st, display unit one；First group of common-anode luminous tube of 4.1-1, display unit one；Last group of common-anode luminous tube of 4.1-2, display unit one；4.111st, in display unit one first group of common-anode luminous tube first common anode luminous tube；4.1111st, in display unit one first common anode luminous tube of first group of common-anode luminous tube common anode electrode resistance；4.119th, in display unit one first group of common-anode luminous tube the 9th common anode luminous tube；4.1191st, the common anode electrode resistance 6.1131 of the 9th common anode luminous tube of first group of common-anode luminous tube in display unit one, the first output of a location counter one aobvious puts pipe；6.2131st, the first output of two location counters one is aobvious puts pipe；6.3131-1, the first output of three location counters one show puts pipe one；6.3131-2, the first output of three location counters one show puts pipe two；First common anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.1N1, display unit one；The common anode electrode resistance of first common anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.1N11, display unit one；9th common anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.1N9, display unit one；The common anode electrode resistance of the 9th common anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.1N91, display unit one；6.1N39, the 9th output of a location counter N show puts pipe；6.2N39, the 9th output of two location counter N show puts pipe；6.3N39-1, the 9th output of three location counter N show puts pipe one；6.3N39-2, the 9th output of three location counter N show puts pipe two.

Fig. 4 is the line schematic diagram of display unit two.

In figure：4.2nd, display unit two；First group of common-anode luminous tube of 4.2-1, display unit two；Last group of common-anode luminous tube of 4.2-2, display unit two；First common-anode luminous tube of first group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.2N+11, display unit two；The common anode electrode resistance of first common-anode luminous tube of first group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.2N+111, display unit two；9th common-anode luminous tube of first group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.2N+19, display unit two；The common anode electrode resistance of the 9th common-anode luminous tube of first group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.2N+191, display unit two；First common-anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.2N+91, display unit two；The common anode electrode resistance of first common-anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.2N+911, display unit two；9th common-anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.2N+99, display unit two；The common anode electrode resistance of the 9th common-anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.2N+991, display unit two；6.2N+131, first output of two location counter N+1 show puts pipe；6.3131-1, the first output of three location counters one show puts pipe one；6.3131-2, the first output of three location counters one show puts pipe two；6.2N+N39, the 9th output of two location counter N+N show puts pipe；6.3N+N39-1, the 9th output of two location counter N+N show puts pipe one；6.3N+N39-2, the 9th output of two location counter N+N show puts pipe two.

Fig. 5 is the line schematic diagram of display unit three.

In figure：4.3rd, display unit three；First group of common-anode luminous tube of 4.3-1, display unit three；Last group of common-anode luminous tube of 4.3-2, display unit three；First common-anode luminous tube of 4.3N+N11, first group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit three；The common anode electrode resistance of 4.3N+N111, first common-anode luminous tube of first group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit three；The 9th common-anode luminous tube of 4.3N+N19, first group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit three；The common anode resistance of 4.3N+N191, the 9th common-anode luminous tube of first group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit three；First common-anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.3N+N91, display unit three；9th common-anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.3N+N911, display unit three；9th common-anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.3N+N99, display unit three；The common anode electrode resistance of the 9th common-anode luminous tube of last group of common-anode luminous tube in 4.3N+N991, display unit three；6.3N+N131, first output of three location counter N+N1 show puts pipe；6.3N+N939, the 9th output of three location counter N+N9 show puts pipe.

Specific embodiment

Fig. 1,2,3,4,5 describe a kind of mode being embodied as jointly.

First, element is selected：Active part is selected by figure, the aobvious binary counter for putting pushing unit adopts integrated circuit CD4060.Clearing differential capacitance is electrodeless electric capacity.Preposition pipe is PNP triode., without particular/special requirement, the voice sheet in voice level records in advance content pronunciation content for other diodes and resistor-capacitor unit, the voice sheet for such as matching with Unit the 3rd should record out in advance be good conductor sound, or the first music.Such as should record out in advance with the voice sheet of second unit pairing be conductor sound, or second music.It is the very poor object of conductance that such as should record out in advance with the voice sheet of first module pairing, or the third music.

2nd, weld.

Discrete conductance macroscopic view shows that the correlation between demonstration instrument for teaching unit connects as shown in Figure 1；Prestage, partial pressure level, interlocking amplifying stage, aobvious putting promote level, the physical circuit element of clearing level to connect welding as shown in Figure 2；Display level such as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 welding.

3rd, debug.

1st, check and debugging prestage.

A demonstration resistance is first determined, depending on the resistance of resistance is wanted according to design.False test body is connected into instrument connection two ends.The voltage between the colelctor electrode and ground wire of preposition amplifier tube is detected with voltmeter.

It is powered and checks, by sensitive adjustable resistance（In Fig. 2 1.2）Resistance, be transferred to maximum from minimum of a value, now preposition pipe（In Fig. 2 1.3）Colelctor electrode have maximum output and minimum output, its maximum can trigger interlocking amplifying unit three, triggering threshold values of the minimum of a value less than or equal to interlocking amplifying unit one.While the resistance of sensitivity adjustable resistance is when certain interval, test voltage indication light Guan Liang；When certain interval, test voltage indication light Guan Liang puts out.

2nd, the cooperation between prestage and interlocking amplifying stage is debugged.

A false test body is first welded, the test body is in series by a fixed resistance with adjustable resistance.The series connection resistance of two resistance is according to most having depending on the resistance of representative.False test body is connected into instrument connection two ends.Simultaneously sensitivity adjustable resistance is transferred into moderate position, the voltage between the colelctor electrode and ground wire of preposition pipe is detected with voltmeter.

A, energization check that the resistance of fictitious load is transferred into maximum, and now the only interlocking output end of amplifying unit one has high-order output.If without output, interlocking resistance one should be reduced（In Fig. 2 3.11）Value.

B, energization check that the resistance of fictitious load is transferred into intermediate value, and now the only interlocking output end of amplifying unit two has high-order output.If without output, interlocking resistance two should be reduced（In Fig. 2 3.21）Value.It is interlocking diode one if first module has high-order output simultaneously with second unit（3.15 in Fig. 2）Polarity welds anti-or sealing-off.

C, energization inspection, by the resistance of fictitious load minimum of a value is transferred to, and should now only have the interlocking output end of amplifying unit three to have high-order output.If without output, interlocking resistance three should be reduced（3.31 in Fig. 2）Value.It is to compare interlocking diode two in amplifying stage if first module has high-order output（3.16 in Fig. 2）, do not connect or polarity weldering be anti-.It is interlocking diode three if second unit has high-order output（3.26 in Fig. 2）Do not connect, or polarity weldering is anti-.

3rd, check that aobvious putting promotes level and display level.

When all common-anode luminous tubes of display level are installed, all common-anode luminous tubes are arranged in a line.

1., when interlocking amplifying unit one has output, the now only bright part therein of the common-anode luminous tube in display level, it is that aobvious putting promotes the connected aobvious all common-anode luminous tubes put corresponding to pipe of all counter outputs in a unit, otherwise it is that the counter output of the unit is not connected with the luminous tube of display level upper or even wrong and bright rule is to should be successively and bright.

Simultaneously bright luminous tube is the first color, is otherwise that the negative electrode weldering to common-anode luminous tube is wrong.

2., when interlocking amplifying unit two has output, now the luminous tube in display level is in addition to all of common-anode luminous tube Ying Liang of first module, a part of new common-anode luminous tube should also be increased, it is that aobvious putting promotes connected aobvious the putting of all counter output ends in Unit two to manage corresponding all common-anode luminous tubes, otherwise it is that each output end of the location counter is not connected with corresponding common-anode luminous tube upper or even wrong and bright rule is to should be successively and bright.

Simultaneously bright luminous tube is second color, is otherwise that the negative electrode weldering to common-anode luminous tube is wrong.

3., when interlocking amplifying unit three and having output, now all common-anode luminous tubes in display level all should be bright successively, and whole common-anode luminous tube should it is bright once.Otherwise it is that together anode light pipe is not connected upper or mistake is welded for each output end of the location counter.

Simultaneously bright common-anode luminous tube is the third color.

Aobvious putting promotes the common-anode luminous tube in level corresponding to three units all to show for circulation, and if do not circulated, then whether last output end for checking previous counter in every unit is the oscillation inputs of the next counter for connecting.

4th, the situation of voice level is examined.

1., when interlocking amplifying unit one has output, now the first voice unit should send the voice for matching therewith, it is impossible to disorderly.

2., when interlocking amplifying unit two has output, now the second voice unit should send the voice for matching therewith, it is impossible to disorderly.

3., when interlocking amplifying unit three has output, now the 3rd voice unit should send the voice for matching therewith, it is impossible to disorderly.

5th, to check and reset unit with debugging.

Oscillograph inspection is used, with oscillograph hot junction connecting test point, cold end ground connection.

1., P pipes are reset with the connection of ripple device hot junction（8.6 in Fig. 3）Colelctor electrode, when each instrument connection is connected with test body, resetting P pipe collectors has the high-order output of transient state, because this grade of circuit multiplication factor is high, should not produce failure, is otherwise Miswire.

2., with ripple device hot junction connection each unit counter O reset end, when each instrument connection is connected with test body, each unit counter O reset end has transient state high-order, while the bright logical order of the luminous tube of display level is not disorderly.Otherwise it is that clearing diode polarity connected with clear terminal welds anti-or sealing-off.

Claims

1. discrete conductance macroscopic view shows demonstration instrument for teaching, it is characterized in that：Collectively constituted by prod, test clip, demonstrator jointing holes, discrete electronic circuit；

Prod is made up of conductor, and appearance is surrounded by insulant；Test clip is made up of Crocodile-type clamp；

Tester jointing holes are made up of two jacks, and one of them is connected on the input of electronic circuit, on another connection ground wire；

Discrete electronic circuit is made up of prestage, partial pressure level, interlocking amplifying stage, voice level, aobvious promotion level, display level, the clearing level of putting；

Prestage indicates that protective resistance, test voltage indication light pipe are constituted by sensitive limiting resistance, sensitive adjustable resistance, preposition pipe, test voltage：Sensitive adjustable resistance and sensitive restriction resistant series; one end is connected in a jointing holes of tester; the other end is connected in the base stage of preposition pipe; the emitter stage of preposition pipe connects power supply; the colelctor electrode of preposition pipe is the output of prestage; test voltage indicates that protective resistance indicates the output of a termination prestage of branch road with the test voltage being in series of test voltage indication light pipe, and test voltage indicates the other end ground wire of branch road；

Partial pressure level is made up of inclined resistance under inclined resistance two, partial pressure on inclined resistance one, partial pressure in partial pressure：The output of a termination prestage of inclined resistance one in partial pressure, the other end is two-way, the one end for the interlocking resistance two that amplifying unit two is interlocked in interlocking amplifying stage is connect all the way, another road connects one end of inclined resistance two in partial pressure, the other end of inclined resistance two is two-way in partial pressure, the one end for the interlocking resistance three that amplifying unit three is interlocked in interlocking amplifying stage is connect all the way, and another road connects under partial pressure inclined resistance to ground wire；

Interlocking amplifying stage is constituted by amplifying unit one, interlocking amplifying unit two, interlocking amplifying unit three is interlocked；

Interlocking amplifying unit one is made up of interlocking resistance one, amplification N pipes one, commissure resistance one, amplification P pipes one, interlocking diode one, interlocking diode two：Interlocking resistance one is connected between the base stage of the output of prestage and amplification N pipes one, amplify the colelctor electrode of N pipes one and the indirect commissure resistance one of the base stage for amplifying P pipes one, amplify the grounded emitter line of N pipes one, the emitter stage for amplifying P pipes one connects power supply, the colelctor electrode for amplifying P pipes one is the output for interlocking amplifying unit one, interlocking diode one connects the base stage for amplifying N pipes one with the positive pole of interlocking diode two, the negative pole of interlocking diode one connects the colelctor electrode for amplifying N pipes two in interlocking amplifying unit two, the negative pole of interlocking diode two connects the colelctor electrode for amplifying N pipes three in interlocking amplifying unit three；

Interlocking amplifying unit two is made up of interlocking resistance two, amplification N pipes two, commissure resistance two, amplification P pipes two, interlocking diode three：Another termination of interlocking resistance two amplifies the base stage of N pipes two, amplify the colelctor electrode of N pipes two and the indirect commissure resistance two of the base stage for amplifying P pipes two, amplify the grounded emitter line of N pipes two, the emitter stage for amplifying P pipes two connects power supply, the colelctor electrode for amplifying P pipes two is the output for interlocking amplifying unit two, the positive pole of interlocking diode three connects the base stage for amplifying N pipes two, and the negative pole for interlocking diode three connects the colelctor electrode for amplifying N pipes three in interlocking amplifying unit three；

Interlocking amplifying unit three is made up of interlocking resistance three, amplification N pipes three, commissure resistance three, amplification P pipes three：Another termination of interlocking resistance three amplifies the base stage of N pipes three, amplify the colelctor electrode of N pipes three and the indirect commissure resistance three of the base stage for amplifying P pipes three, amplify the grounded emitter line of N pipes three, the emitter stage for amplifying P pipes three connects power supply, the colelctor electrode for amplifying P pipes three is the output for interlocking amplifying unit two；

Voice level is made up of the first voice unit, the second voice unit, the 3rd voice unit：First voice unit is connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit one, and the second voice unit is connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit two, and the 3rd voice unit is connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit three；

Aobvious putting promotes aobvious the putting of level promote a unit, promote the aobvious Unit two, the aobvious Unit three of putting of promotion put to constitute；

Aobvious putting promotes a unit to go forward nine to export aobvious pipe, a location counter one, a location counter N, the oscillating capacitance of a location counter one, the oscillation resistance of a location counter one, the protective resistance of a location counter one, the clearing resistance one put for being connected by N number of counter, N number of counter to constitute：Aobvious putting promotes the zero line of all counters in a unit to be all connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit one, aobvious putting promotes the clear terminal of all counters in a unit to connect together, connect clearing resistance one and arrive ground wire, the negative pole of the clearing diode one reset in level is also connect, aobvious front nine output for putting all counters promoted in a unit connects respectively an aobvious base stage for putting pipe, all aobvious emitter stage all ground wires for putting pipe, last output of one location counter one connects the oscillation inputs of a location counter two, it is sequentially connected, until a location counter N, one vibration end of the location counter one of one end one that the oscillating capacitance of one location counter one connects, another vibration end of one one location counter of termination of the oscillation resistance of one location counter one, the protective resistance of one location counter one connects the 3rd vibration end of a location counter, the other end of the oscillating capacitance of one location counter one, the other end of the oscillation resistance of one location counter one, the other end of the protective resistance of one location counter one is connected together, become the oscillation center point of a location counter one；

Promote it is aobvious put Unit two and go forward nine to export aobvious pipe, the oscillating capacitance of two location counters one, the oscillation resistance of two location counters one, the protective resistance of two location counters one, the clearing resistance two put for being connected by N+N counter, N+N counter constitute：Aobvious putting promotes the zero line of all counters in Unit two to be all connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit two, aobvious putting promotes the clear terminal of all counters in Unit two to connect together, connect clearing resistance two and arrive ground wire, the negative pole of the clearing diode two reset in level is also connect, aobvious front nine output for putting all counters promoted in Unit two connects respectively an aobvious base stage for putting pipe, all aobvious emitter stage all ground wires for putting pipe, last output of two location counters one connects the oscillation inputs of two location counters two, it is sequentially connected, until N+N counter, one vibration end of the location counter one of one end two that the oscillating capacitance of two location counters one connects, another vibration end of one two location counters of termination of the oscillation resistance of two location counters one, the protective resistance of two location counters one connects the 3rd vibration end of two location counters, the other end of the oscillating capacitance of two location counters one, the other end of the oscillation resistance of two location counters one, the other end of the protective resistance of two location counters one is connected together, become the oscillation center point of two location counters one；

Promote it is aobvious put Unit three and go forward nine to export aobvious pipe, the oscillating capacitance of three location counters one, the oscillation resistance of three location counters one, the protective resistance of three location counters one, the clearing resistance three put for being connected by N+N9 counter, N+N9 counter constitute：Aobvious putting promotes the zero line of all counters in Unit three to be all connected in the output of interlocking amplifying unit three, aobvious putting promotes the clear terminal of all counters in Unit three to connect together, connect clearing resistance three and arrive ground wire, the negative pole of the clearing diode three reset in level is also connect, aobvious front nine output for putting all counters promoted in Unit three connects respectively an aobvious base stage for putting pipe, all aobvious emitter stage all ground wires for putting pipe, last output of three location counters one connects the oscillation inputs of two location counters two, it is sequentially connected, until N+N9 counter, one vibration end of the location counter one of one end three that the oscillating capacitance of three location counters one connects, another vibration end of one three location counters of termination of the oscillation resistance of three location counters one, the protective resistance of three location counters one connects the 3rd vibration end of three location counters, the other end of the oscillating capacitance of three location counters one, the other end of the oscillation resistance of three location counters one, the other end of the protective resistance of three location counters one is connected together, become the oscillation center point of three location counters one；

Display level is made up of display unit one, display unit two, display unit three；

Display unit one is made up of the common anode electrode resistance of first group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit one, last group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit one and each common-anode luminous tube：The counter corresponding to common-anode luminous tube in aobvious display unit one has the aobvious all counters put and promote a unit, it is aobvious to put the location counter N of two location counter one to two in promotion Unit two, it is aobvious to put the location counter N of three location counter one to three in promotion Unit three, wherein each aobvious put first counter in pushing unit one to nine exports the aobvious first group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit one for being connect, one to nine of n-th counter exports aobvious last group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit one for being connect, one negative electrode of every group of common-anode luminous tube is connected together, another negative electrode is connected together, it is aobvious to put the location counter N of two location counter one to two in promotion Unit two, aobvious being put connect respectively in one to nine output for promote the location counter N of a location counter one in Unit three one and aobvious put pipe, wherein show and put the negative electrode that the aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe for promoting the location counter N of two location counter one to two in Unit two connects common-anode luminous tube, it is aobvious to put another negative electrode for promoting the aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe that the location counter N of a location counter one to is connect in a unit to connect common-anode luminous tube；

Aobvious putting connect two aobvious base stages for putting pipe respectively in each output for promoting to N number of counter in Unit three, one of them aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe promotes in Unit two one to be connected together to the aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe that N number of counter is connect with aobvious putting, and another aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe promotes in a unit one to be connected together to the aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe that N number of counter is connect with aobvious putting；

The anode of all common-anode luminous tubes in display unit one all connects a common anode electrode resistance to power supply；

Show the common anode electrode resistance composition of first group of common-anode luminous tube of unit two, last group of common-anode luminous tube of display unit two and each common-anode luminous tube：

Aobvious corresponding to common-anode luminous tube in display unit two is put the counter that pipe connects and is had and aobvious put the two location counter N+N of location counter N+1 to two in promotion Unit two, it is aobvious to put the three location counter N+N of location counter N+1 to three in promotion Unit three, wherein each aobvious put N+1 counter in pushing unit one to nine exports the aobvious first group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit two for being connect, one to nine of N+N counter exports aobvious last group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit two for being connect, one negative electrode of every group of common-anode luminous tube is connected together, another negative electrode is connected together；

Aobvious being put connect respectively in one to nine output for promote the two location counter N+N of location counter N+1 to two in Unit two one and aobvious put pipe, each aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe connects a negative electrode of common-anode luminous tube, aobvious putting connect two aobvious base stages for putting pipe respectively in each output for promoting to N number of counter in Unit three, one of them aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe promotes in Unit two one to be connected together to the aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe that N number of counter is connect with aobvious putting, and another aobvious colelctor electrode for putting pipe connects another negative electrode of common-anode luminous tube；

The anode of all common-anode luminous tubes in display unit two all connects a common anode electrode resistance to power supply；

Display unit three by display unit three first group of common-anode luminous tube；Last group of common-anode luminous tube of 4.3-2, display unit three；And the common anode electrode resistance composition of each common-anode luminous tube；

Aobvious corresponding to common-anode luminous tube in display unit three is put the counter that pipe connects and is had and aobvious put the three location counter N+N9 of location counter N+N1 to three in promotion Unit three, one to nine of three location counter N+N1 exports the aobvious first group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit three for being connect, one to nine of three location counter N+N9 exports aobvious last group of common-anode luminous tube for putting the corresponding common-anode luminous tube of pipe for display unit three for being connect, and two negative electrodes of every group of common-anode luminous tube are connected together；

Aobvious being put connect respectively in one to nine output for promote the three location counter N+N9 of location counter N+N1 to three in Unit three one and aobvious put pipe；

The anode of all common-anode luminous tubes in display unit three all connects a common anode electrode resistance to power supply；

2. discrete conductance macroscopic view according to claim 1 shows demonstration instrument for teaching, it is characterized in that：The aobvious binary counter for putting pushing unit adopts integrated circuit CD4060.

3. discrete conductance macroscopic view according to claim 1 shows demonstration instrument for teaching, it is characterized in that：Clearing differential capacitance is electrodeless electric capacity.

4. discrete conductance macroscopic view according to claim 1 shows demonstration instrument for teaching, it is characterized in that：Preposition pipe is PNP triode.