CN106645788B - Single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measuring device and speed measuring method based on X-rays - Google Patents
Single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measuring device and speed measuring method based on X-rays Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single-light-screen multi-position point speed measuring device and a speed measuring method based on X rays, wherein the speed measuring device comprises an X ray emitter, a radiation limiting cover, a lead plate, an X ray high-speed receiver, a current-to-voltage circuit, a multi-stage amplifying circuit, an FPGA anti-interference processing module, a DSP data processing module and a direct-current power supply module; the X-ray emitter and the X-ray high-speed receiver are arranged in parallel at intervals, X-rays generated by the X-ray emitter have a certain radiation angle after being limited by the lead plate, and the plurality of X-ray high-speed receivers are simultaneously arranged at the positions of the multiple positions of the light curtain formed by the limitation of the radiation angle. Compared with a double-light-curtain and multi-light-curtain speed measurement system, the method has the advantages of higher test precision and smaller error, and can also measure the real initial velocity of the muzzle, which cannot be measured by the traditional method, by utilizing the penetrability of X rays.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of non-contact precision measurement, in particular to a single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measuring device and a single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measuring method based on X rays.
Background
The muzzle initial velocity is one of important index parameters for representing the characteristics of conventional weapons, ammunition and trajectory. In the scientific research, production and product test processes of shooting weapons and ammunition products, the detection of initial speed parameters is indispensable.
The measurement of the speed of a high-speed moving object can be generally divided into three types: average velocity measurement, instantaneous velocity measurement, and doppler principle velocity measurement. The most common at present is the average speed measurement method, which sets two light curtains in the advancing direction, and calculates the speed by measuring the distance between the light curtains and the time of passing through the light curtains.
After the projectile flies out of the muzzle, the initial velocity V of the muzzle is measured by the action of the aftereffect area0The actual flying speed at the moment when the projectile is separated from the muzzle is not, but the strip is only acted by air resistance and gravity after the projectile is supposed to be separated from the muzzleUnder the condition, the actual flight speed of the projectile in the trajectory section outside the aftereffect area is extrapolated to the speed of the muzzle, and the fuel gas flow still has a certain acceleration effect on the projectile in the aftereffect area after the projectile leaves the muzzle, so the extrapolated initial speed is inaccurate. Therefore, it is important to measure the actual initial velocity of the muzzle under the conditions of high electromagnetic interference and strong flame.
In the speed measurement of the double light curtains, strict parallelism between different light curtains cannot be realized, and the reaction speed of the light curtains and the speed of a subsequent processing circuit cannot be completely consistent, which can generate serious measurement errors for flying projectiles with high speed and small pulse width passing through the light curtains.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measuring device and a single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measuring method based on X rays, which are beneficial to the detection of shot by plasma current and smoke flame penetrating through a muzzle through the good penetrability of soft X rays, and a plurality of high-speed X-ray receivers are arranged on parallel equidistant points in an X-ray single-light-curtain to realize the accurate measurement of the speed of the shot.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a single-light-screen multi-position point speed measuring device based on X rays comprises an X ray emitter, a radiation limiting cover, a lead plate, an X ray high-speed receiver, a current-to-voltage circuit, a multi-stage amplifying circuit, an FPGA anti-interference processing module, a DSP data processing module and a direct-current power supply module;
the X-ray emitter is used for emitting X-rays;
the radiation limiting cover is arranged at the front end of the lens of the X-ray emitter and used for limiting the X-ray in a set radiation angle;
the lead plate is arranged at the front end of the radiation limiting cover, and a circular through hole is formed in the middle of the lead plate and used for limiting the radiation angle of the limited X-rays again;
the X-ray high-speed receivers are arranged in the light curtain of the X-ray emitter side by side at equal intervals, and the connecting lines of the X-ray high-speed receivers are parallel to the flight track of the projectile; the X-ray high-speed receiver is used for measuring the intensity of incident X-rays and converting the intensity into current;
the current-to-voltage circuit is used for converting the current obtained by the X-ray high-speed receiver into voltage;
the multistage amplification circuit is used for amplifying the voltage signal;
the FPGA anti-interference processing module is used for carrying out anti-interference processing on the amplified voltage signal, namely judging whether the pulse width of the received wavelength is within a pulse width value range corresponding to a preset speed or not, and rejecting the pulse width which is not within the range;
the DSP data processing module is used for converting the pulse width value obtained by the FPGA anti-interference processing module into a time value, obtaining the speed values of a plurality of sensors according to the bullet length and the time value, eliminating data with large difference values according to a set speed range, and carrying out averaging processing on the speed to obtain the initial speed of the muzzle;
the direct-current power supply module supplies power for the current-to-voltage circuit and the multistage amplifying circuit.
A single light curtain multi-position point speed measuring method based on X-ray comprises the following steps:
step 1, opening an X-ray emitter, and forming a single-light-curtain radiation area of X-rays with a certain radiation angle by using a radiation limiting cover at the front end of the X-ray emitter and a lead plate;
step 2, placing X-ray high-speed receivers on multiple position points in a single light curtain radiation area in parallel at equal intervals, detecting the intensity of X-rays and converting the X-rays into current signals;
step 3, converting the current signal into a voltage signal, and performing multi-stage amplification on the voltage signal;
step 4, the FPGA carries out anti-interference processing on the received signal, namely, whether the pulse width of the received wavelength is in the range of the pulse width value corresponding to the preset speed is judged, and the pulse width which is not in the range is removed;
and 5, converting the pulse width value obtained by the FPGA anti-interference processing module into a time value by the DSP data processing module, obtaining the speed values of a plurality of sensors according to the bullet length and the time value, eliminating data with larger difference values according to a set speed range, and averaging the speed to obtain the initial speed of the muzzle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention uses the lead plate with the circular hole to limit the radiation angle of the X-ray emitter to obtain the X-ray area of the single light curtain, realizes the test measurement similar to the multi-light curtain by placing a plurality of X-ray high-speed receivers in the single light curtain area, and the arrangement of the single light curtain multi-position point receivers ensures that the efficiency of the single light curtain reaches the highest, and avoids the delay defect and the non-parallelism of the relative positions of the receivers of the multi-light curtain; (2) x rays can penetrate through muzzle flame and plasma flow and irradiate on the projectile, the projectile shields the high-speed receiver of the X rays when passing through the high-speed receiver, the receiving quantity of the X rays is influenced, the relation between the change of the over-target signal current and the speed can be established by capturing the change of the over-target signal current, and therefore the accurate measurement of the actual initial speed of the projectile at the muzzle is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-light-curtain multi-position-point speed measurement device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the calculation of the number and location of multiple sensors in a single light curtain.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram used when the sensor is connected.
Fig. 4 is a detailed structural diagram of the area a dc power supply module in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
With reference to fig. 1, the single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measurement device based on X-rays of the present invention includes an X-ray emitter 100, a radiation-limiting cover 101, a lead plate 102, an X-ray high-speed receiver 120, a current-to-voltage circuit 130, a multi-stage amplification circuit, an FPGA anti-interference processing module 160, a DSP data processing module 170, and a dc power supply module 190;
the X-ray emitter 100 is used for emitting X-rays;
the radiation limiting cover 101 is arranged at the front end of the lens of the X-ray emitter 100 and used for limiting the X-ray within a set radiation angle;
the lead plate 102 is arranged at the front end of the radiation limiting cover 101, and a circular through hole is formed in the middle of the lead plate and used for limiting the radiation angle of the limited X-rays again;
the X-ray high-speed receivers 120 are arranged in parallel and at equal intervals in the light curtain of the X-ray emitter 100, and the connecting lines of the plurality of X-ray high-speed receivers 120 are parallel to the flight trajectory of the projectile; the X-ray high-speed receiver 120 is used for measuring the intensity of the incident X-ray and converting the intensity into a current;
the current-to-voltage circuit 130 is configured to convert a current obtained by the X-ray high-speed receiver 120 into a voltage;
the multistage amplification circuit is used for amplifying the voltage signal;
the FPGA anti-interference processing module 160 is configured to perform anti-interference processing on the amplified voltage signal, that is, determine whether the pulse width of the received wavelength is within a pulse width value range corresponding to a predetermined speed, and remove pulse widths that are not within the range;
the DSP data processing module 170 is configured to convert the pulse width value obtained by the FPGA anti-interference processing module 160 into a time value, obtain speed values of a plurality of sensors according to the bullet length and the time value, reject data with a large difference value according to a set speed range, and perform averaging processing on the speeds to obtain an initial muzzle speed;
the dc power supply module 190 supplies power to the current-to-voltage circuit 130 and the multi-stage amplifying circuit.
Further, the X-ray emitted by the X-ray emitter 100 is a soft X-ray.
Further, the number of the X-ray high-speed receivers 120 is three or more.
Further, the multistage amplifying circuit comprises a first-stage amplifying circuit 140 and a second-stage amplifying circuit 150, wherein the first-stage amplifying circuit and the second-stage amplifying circuit both adopt THS chips, and the whole circuit has a large transmission bandwidth while large voltage gain is obtained.
Furthermore, the DSP data processing module is provided with a FLASH module for storing data under the condition of power failure.
Further, in the power supply circuit of the X-ray high-speed receiver 120, an electrolytic capacitor and a 104 capacitor are arranged in parallel for filtering out external interference; one end of the two capacitors is connected to the X-ray high-speed receiver 120 and the dc power supply module 190, and the other end is grounded.
Further, the dc power supply module 190 includes a transformer, a rectifier bridge, and a voltage stabilizing chip, the transformer converts the commercial power voltage into a required voltage value, the rectifier bridge rectifies the converted voltage, and the voltage stabilizing chip is used to stabilize the voltage and output the dc voltage.
Further, the response time of the X-ray high speed receiver 120 is in the order of ps.
A single light curtain multi-position point speed measuring method based on X-ray comprises the following steps:
step 1, opening an X-ray emitter 100, and forming a single-light-curtain radiation area of X-rays with a certain radiation angle by using a radiation limiting cover 101 at the front end of the X-ray emitter 100 and a lead plate;
step 2, placing the X-ray high-speed receivers 120 on the multi-position points in the single-light-curtain radiation area side by side at equal intervals, detecting the intensity of the X-rays and converting the X-rays into current signals;
step 3, converting the current signal into a voltage signal, and performing multi-stage amplification on the voltage signal;
step 4, the FPGA carries out anti-interference processing on the received signal, namely, whether the pulse width of the received wavelength is in the range of the pulse width value corresponding to the preset speed is judged, and the pulse width which is not in the range is removed;
and 5, converting the pulse width value obtained by the FPGA anti-interference processing module 160 into a time value by the DSP data processing module 170, obtaining the speed values of a plurality of sensors according to the bullet length and the time value, eliminating data with larger difference values according to a set speed range, and averaging the speed to obtain the initial speed of the muzzle.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measurement device based on X-rays of the present embodiment mainly includes an X-ray emitter 100, a radiation limiting cover 101, a lead plate 102, an X-ray high-speed receiver 120, a current-to-voltage circuit 130, a primary amplification circuit 140, a secondary amplification circuit 150, an FPGA anti-interference processing module 160, a DSP data processing module 170, a PC display module 180, and a dc power supply module 190.
The X-ray emitter radiation limiting cover 101 is installed at the front end of the lens of the X-ray emitter 100 and can limit the X-ray radiation within a radiation angle of 40 degrees. The lead plate 102 with the circular hole is placed at the front end of the X-ray emitter radiation limiting cover 101, and can be used for limiting the radiation angle of the limited X-ray and adjusting the angle of the required light curtain. The flying projectile 110 is located between the X-ray high speed receiver 120 and the X-ray emitter 100, and the initial direction of the projectile is perpendicular to the line between the two. The X-ray emitter 100 selects a continuous emission type, and the projectile is emitted for more than 2 seconds in advance, so that the emitted X-rays are uniform and stable, and large radiation quantity change cannot be generated. The X-ray high-speed detector 120 determines the number of receivers according to the width of the single light curtain. The high-speed X-ray receivers are arranged at equal intervals and are respectively connected with the current-to-voltage circuit 130, and an electrolytic capacitor and a 104 capacitor are required to be arranged between the X-ray high-speed detector 120 and the current-to-voltage circuit 130 in parallel, so that the direct voltage of the electrolytic capacitor and the 104 capacitor cannot be negatively biased. The current-to-voltage circuit 130 is connected to the back of the X-ray high-speed receiver 120, receives a weak current signal after photoelectric conversion in the detector, and converts the changed current signal into a changed voltage signal, thereby facilitating the processing of subsequent circuits. The first-stage amplifying circuit 140 and the second-stage amplifying circuit 150 amplify the tiny voltage signals by using a THS chip, and the chip is internally amplified for the second time, so that the two-stage amplifying circuit amplifies the tiny voltage signals for four times. The design of the amplifying circuit ensures the size of the requirement of large bandwidth and can realize large voltage gain. The dc power supply module 190 converts the voltage of the commercial power network into a dc voltage signal, and supplies power to the current-to-voltage circuit 130, the first-stage amplification circuit 140, and the second-stage amplification circuit 150. The FPGA interference rejection 160 mainly realizes the signal judgment by detecting the pulse width through the FPGA, predicts the speed range of the shot, calculates the pulse width range of the shot generated by the X-ray high-speed receiver 120 according to the speed range, and indicates no shot when the received signal is not in the pulse width rangeThe pill signal may be the effect of interference from objects in the environment that have just passed through the receiver or circuitry before being transmitted, and these signals need to be discarded. The pulse width detection method mainly comprises the steps that hardware FPGA equipment is used for counting received pulses according to a certain time interval, and the product of a count value and the time period of an FPGA counter is the width value of the received pulses. The time period of FPGA counting is set as T, the length of a flying projectile is set as L, the thickness of an X-ray single-light curtain at the position of an X-ray receiver is set as d, the pulse width of a received signal is set as T, and the counting value of FPGA counting equipment is set as k. Calculating the minimum value T of the reasonable pulse width under the normal receiving state according to the minimum value V1 in the speed range1。
The basic formula for the minimum pulse width calculation is:
calculating the maximum width of the received pulse according to the estimated maximum speed
After the maximum width and the minimum width of the pulse are determined, the external signal interference can be shielded.
The DSP data processing module can obtain the initial speed of the projectile at the muzzle according to the measured pulse width time. Because a plurality of X-ray high-speed sensors are arranged in the single light curtain, the DSP performs data processing on the signals of the plurality of sensors in the experiment, and performs average processing on a plurality of calculated initial speeds, thereby obtaining more accurate muzzle initial speed. The single light curtain multi-position point sensor can realize the measurement of multiple light curtains in a single light curtain and can avoid the defect of measurement of multiple light curtains. The DSP data processing module also has a memory function and can store the data of previous experiments when the power is off. The accurate speed of the single-time experimental projectile can be obtained through data processing of the DSP, and the average speed of the previous experimental projectile with the same model at the muzzle can also be comprehensively obtained according to data of the memory unit in the module. The DSP data processing module can analyze large data volume, so that the weighted average value and the standard error of the projectile velocity data at the muzzle are obtained, and the accurate velocity distribution of the projectile is given. And the PC computer display module is used for displaying data of a user and displaying the single analysis result and the previous comprehensive analysis result of the DSP data processing module to the user.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the number and positions of the plurality of sensors in the single light curtain, where S is a distance between the X-ray emitter and the X-ray high-speed receiver, S is a radiation angle of the X-ray emitter, N is a total length of the receiver installation position in the single light curtain, C is a length of the detector, M is a distance between adjacent detectors, and J is a maximum number of the X-ray high-speed receivers that can be installed in the single light curtain region. Establishing the relationship among the three, and obtaining the relationship by similar triangles:
when the measurement is carried out, the X-ray emitter is adjusted to determine the radiation angle, the distance S between the X-ray emitter and the X-ray high-speed receiver is determined before the test, and then the total length of the X-ray high-speed receiver which can be installed in the single light curtain is as follows:
the length direction dimension of the X-ray high-speed receiver is C, the type selection is determined, the distance between the installation is set to be M, and then the maximum number of the X-ray high-speed receivers which can be installed in the single light curtain area can be determined through the formula:
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram for connecting the X-ray high-speed receiver 120, and the X-ray high-speed receiver 120 needs a dc power supply 190 to provide a normal operating voltage before connecting the current-to-voltage circuit. When the dc power supply module 190 is connected to the X-ray high-speed detector, a parallel circuit of the electrolytic capacitor C11 and the capacitor C15 104 is required to shield the external interference. The electrolytic capacitor can shield the interference of high-frequency signals, and the 104 capacitor can shield the interference of low-frequency signals, so that the direct-current power supply signals are relatively stable. The 3 pins of the X-ray high-speed receiver are connected with a power supply, the 1 pin is grounded, and the 2 pins photoelectrically convert the variable quantity of the received X-ray into current and output the current to a subsequent circuit.
Fig. 4 is a detailed structural diagram of the dc power supply module in the area a of fig. 1, where the voltage of the citizen's power grid 1901 is 220V, and when the module is used, a transformer 1902 is needed to convert the high voltage of 220V ac into tens of volts ac, and a rectifier bridge 1903 is needed to convert the ac into dc. In the present embodiment, a single-phase bridge rectifier circuit capable of improving the efficiency of the alternating current is used, which is composed of four diodes, and converts the alternating current into the direct current, but the output voltage still has great fluctuation. The stabilization of the output direct current voltage can be realized by connecting a voltage stabilization chip 1904 behind the rectifier bridge 1903, and the output direct current voltage 1905 has small fluctuation, thereby meeting the basic requirements of a direct current power supply.
Claims (6)
1. A single-light-screen multi-position point speed measuring device based on X rays is characterized by comprising an X ray emitter (100), a radiation limiting cover (101), a lead plate (102), an X ray high-speed receiver (120), a current-to-voltage circuit (130), a multi-stage amplifying circuit, an FPGA anti-interference processing module (160), a DSP data processing module (170) and a direct-current power supply module (190);
the X-ray emitter (100) is used for emitting X-rays, and the X-rays are soft X-rays;
the radiation limiting cover (101) is arranged at the front end of a lens of the X-ray emitter (100) and used for limiting the X-ray within a set radiation angle;
the lead plate (102) is arranged at the front end of the radiation limiting cover (101), and a circular through hole is formed in the middle of the lead plate and used for limiting the radiation angle of the limited X-rays again;
the X-ray high-speed receivers (120) are arranged in the light curtain of the X-ray emitter (100) side by side at equal intervals, and the connecting lines of the X-ray high-speed receivers (120) are parallel to the flight track of the projectile; the X-ray high-speed receiver (120) is used for measuring the intensity of the incident X-ray and converting the intensity into current; the number of the X-ray high-speed receivers (120) is more than three;
the current-to-voltage circuit (130) is used for converting the current obtained by the X-ray high-speed receiver (120) into voltage;
the multistage amplification circuit is used for amplifying the voltage signal;
the FPGA anti-interference processing module (160) is used for carrying out anti-interference processing on the amplified voltage signal, namely judging whether the pulse width of the received wavelength is in a pulse width value range corresponding to a preset speed or not, and rejecting the pulse width which is not in the range;
the DSP data processing module (170) is used for converting the pulse width value obtained by the FPGA anti-interference processing module (160) into a time value, obtaining the speed values of a plurality of sensors according to the bullet length and the time value, eliminating data with large difference values according to a set speed range, and averaging the speed to obtain the initial speed of the muzzle;
the direct-current power supply module (190) supplies power to the current-to-voltage circuit (130) and the multistage amplifying circuit; in a power supply circuit of the X-ray high-speed receiver (120), an electrolytic capacitor and a 104 capacitor are arranged in parallel and used for filtering out external interference; one end of each of the two capacitors is simultaneously connected with the X-ray high-speed receiver (120) and the direct-current power supply module (190), and the other end of each capacitor is grounded.
2. The single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measuring device based on X-rays as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-stage amplifying circuit comprises a first-stage amplifying circuit (140) and a second-stage amplifying circuit (150), and the first-stage amplifying circuit and the second-stage amplifying circuit both use THS chips.
3. The X-ray based single light curtain multiple position point speed measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the DSP data processing module comprises a FLASH module for saving data in case of power failure.
4. The single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measuring device based on X-rays as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dc power supply module (190) comprises a transformer, a rectifier bridge and a voltage stabilizing chip, the transformer converts the mains voltage into a required voltage value, the rectifier bridge rectifies the converted voltage, and the voltage stabilizing chip is used for stabilizing the voltage and outputting the dc voltage.
5. Single light curtain multiple position point velocimetry device based on X-rays as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the response time of the X-ray high speed receiver (120) is in the order of ps.
6. A single light curtain multi-position point speed measuring method based on X-ray is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, opening an X-ray emitter (100), and forming a single light curtain radiation area of X-rays with a certain radiation angle by using a radiation limiting cover (101) at the front end of the X-ray emitter (100) and a lead plate;
step 2, placing X-ray high-speed receivers (120) on multiple position points in a single light curtain radiation area in parallel at equal intervals, detecting the intensity of X-rays and converting the X-rays into current signals;
step 3, converting the current signal into a voltage signal, and performing multi-stage amplification on the voltage signal;
step 4, the FPGA carries out anti-interference processing on the received signal, namely, whether the pulse width of the received wavelength is in the range of the pulse width value corresponding to the preset speed is judged, and the pulse width which is not in the range is removed;
and 5, converting the pulse width value obtained by the FPGA anti-interference processing module (160) into a time value by the DSP data processing module (170), obtaining the speed values of a plurality of sensors according to the bullet length and the time value, eliminating data with large difference values according to a set speed range, and averaging the speed to obtain the initial speed of the muzzle.
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