CN106018869B - A kind of X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device - Google Patents
A kind of X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106018869B CN106018869B CN201610505294.2A CN201610505294A CN106018869B CN 106018869 B CN106018869 B CN 106018869B CN 201610505294 A CN201610505294 A CN 201610505294A CN 106018869 B CN106018869 B CN 106018869B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/64—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P3/68—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01P3/685—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light for projectile velocity measurements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring devices, including preceding X-ray light curtain, X-ray light curtain afterwards, probe, preceding X-ray processing circuit, X-ray processing circuit afterwards, preceding X-ray light curtain velocity process module, X-ray light curtain velocity process module and average speed computing module afterwards, probe is arranged with gun barrel, preceding X-ray light curtain and rear X-ray light curtain are arranged in parallel on bullet firewire, preceding X-ray light curtain is connect with preceding X-ray processing circuit, preceding X-ray light curtain velocity process module is connect with preceding X-ray processing circuit and average speed computing module respectively, X-ray light curtain is connect with rear X-ray processing circuit afterwards, X-ray light curtain velocity process module is connect with rear X-ray processing circuit and average speed computing module respectively afterwards.The present invention accurately captured in the aftereffect area that bouche emits bullet it is effective cross target signal, and by measurement obtain it is effective cross target signal calculate bullet fly over former and later two light curtain targets instantaneous velocity and bullet pass through two light curtain pinwheels average speed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to test and measuring fields, and in particular to a kind of X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device.
Background technique
Muzzle velocity is one of characterization conventional Weapon, ammunition and important indicator parameter of ballistic characteristics.In projectile weapon and
During the scientific researches of ammunition products, production and product testing, the detection of initial velocity parameter is all essential.At present using more
Speed-measuring method have two classes: the first kind is contact, although contact area cut target reliable operation, it is easy to accomplish, low efficiency and
Influence projectile flight be very unfavorable disadvantage, it is impossible to be used in high-precision, high request measurement, therefore contact area cut target gradually by
Contactless area cuts target and is replaced.Second class is contactless, but due in emission process gun muzzle can generate a large amount of gun muzzle
Cigarette and high light radiation, gun muzzle can also generate a large amount of plasma when magnetic artillery emits, this makes general coil target, optical target
It can not work normally in bouche, can only be placed in outside the aftereffect area of bullet operation.
Bullet flies out after gun muzzle, acts on the muzzle velocity V measured by aftereffect area0Not bullet is detached from the reality of gun muzzle moment
Border flying speed, but assuming that bullet be detached from gun muzzle after only by air drag and gravity under the conditions of, by bullet outside aftereffect area
Practical flight speed is extrapolated to the speed of gun muzzle in road section, due to bullet after leaving gun muzzle combustion gas stream aftereffect area to bullet still
There is certain acceleration, so extrapolated initial velocity is inaccurate.Therefore, how strong gun muzzle cigarette flame interference under Accurate Determining
Velocity of shot especially correctly provides muzzle energy and is of great significance.Yang Bo " X-ray intermittent ballistic instrument " (nuclear electron with
Detection Techniques) in disclose a kind of test macro that gun muzzle velocity of shot is measured using X-ray, utilize area cut technical notes two
The road X-ray light curtain target time difference, to calculate the average speed of projectile flight, but the method X-ray machine needs manually opened pass
Close, equipment can be made to open for a long time, influence equipment life, the subsequent process circuit of signal cannot good filtering interference signals,
The average speed of bullet operation can only be measured.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring devices, applied to bouche hearty flame and wait
Under the complex environments such as gas ions, the effective of bullet is accurately captured in the aftereffect area of bouche transmitting and crosses target signal, and is passed through
Measure obtain it is effective cross target signal calculate bullet fly over former and later two light curtain targets instantaneous velocity and bullet pass through two
The average speed of light curtain pinwheel.
The technical solution for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a kind of X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device, including preceding X-ray light curtain,
X-ray light curtain, probe, preceding X-ray processing circuit, rear X-ray processing circuit, preceding X-ray light curtain velocity process module, rear X-ray light curtain speed afterwards
Processing module and average speed computing module are spent, probe is arranged with gun barrel, and preceding X-ray light curtain is parallel with rear X-ray light curtain to be set
Be placed on bullet firewire, preceding X-ray light curtain is connect with preceding X-ray processing circuit, preceding X-ray light curtain velocity process module respectively with preceding X-ray
Processing circuit is connected with average speed computing module, and rear X-ray light curtain is connect with rear X-ray processing circuit, rear X-ray light curtain speed processing
Module is connect with rear X-ray processing circuit and average speed computing module respectively.
The preceding X-ray light curtain includes that preceding X-ray machine, preceding light curtain narrow slit stereotype, preceding X-ray receive circuit prober and support frame,
Preceding X-ray machine is in the narrow slit of preceding light curtain narrow slit stereotype, and preceding X-ray receives circuit prober and fixes on the support frame, and preceding light curtain is narrow
Seam stereotype and support frame are arranged in parallel, and the X-ray light curtain that preceding X-ray machine issues receives circuit prober by preceding X-ray and receives, the X-ray
Light curtain is vertical with bullet firewire.
X-ray light curtain includes that rear X-ray machine, rear light curtain narrow slit stereotype, rear X-ray receive circuit prober and support frame after described,
X-ray machine is in the narrow slit of rear light curtain narrow slit stereotype afterwards, and rear X-ray receives circuit prober and fixes on the support frame, and rear light curtain is narrow
Seam stereotype and support frame are arranged in parallel, and the X-ray light curtain that rear X-ray machine issues receives circuit prober by rear X-ray and receives, the X-ray
Light curtain is vertical with bullet firewire.
The preceding X-ray processing circuit includes sequentially connected preceding photoelectric conversion circuit, preceding amplifying circuit and preceding shaping circuit,
X-ray processing circuit includes sequentially connected rear photoelectric conversion circuit, rear amplifying circuit and rear shaping circuit afterwards, and two X-rays receive
Circuit prober receives faint light flux variations and passes through preceding photoelectric conversion circuit and rear photoelectric conversion circuit circuit general respectively
It is converted into a faint curent change, and by subsequent preceding amplifying circuit, amplifying circuit output one can be for test with after
The digital signal that system uses.
The preceding X-ray light curtain velocity process module includes sequentially connected preceding PLL phase-locked loop module, prepulse width detection
Module, preceding counting and count compensation module and preceding instantaneous velocity computing module, prepulse width detection module are electric with preceding amplification again
Road connection, preceding instantaneous velocity computing module are connect with average speed computing module.
X-ray light curtain velocity process module includes sequentially connected rear PLL phase-locked loop module, afterpulse width detection mould afterwards
Block, it is rear count with count compensation module and rear instantaneous velocity computing module, afterpulse width detection module again with rear amplifying circuit
Connection, rear instantaneous velocity computing module are connect with average speed computing module.
Pulse width detection module is used to identify interference signal and bullet crosses target signal, and pulse width detection module is used
Clock by PLL phase-locked loop module by the way that the reference clock frequency multiplication of FPGA is obtained, the pulsewidth by reducing single pulse mentions
The judgement precision of high-pulse widths detection module calculates the pulse width of above-mentioned signal, according to the difference of pulse width, distinguishes bullet
Ball signal, interference signal, calculation formula are as follows:
L indicates the length of object in formula (1.1), and d indicates that effective photosensitive diameter of X-ray detector, v indicate the speed of object
Degree, t is pulse width.
The instantaneous velocity computing module calculates the instantaneous velocity that bullet flies over preceding X-ray light curtain and rear X-ray light curtain, formula
It is as follows:
Wherein VXIt is the instantaneous velocity that bullet passes through light curtain, l indicates the length of object, and d indicates the effective of X-ray detector
Photosensitive diameter, N are counted number of pulses, and T is the pulsewidth of single pulse.
The average speed computing module calculates the average speed that bullet flies over former and later two X-ray curtains, and formula is as follows:
Wherein, VaIt is the average speed of projectile flight, VX1It is the instantaneous velocity of X-ray curtain target before bullet is flown over, VX2It is bullet
Fly over the instantaneous velocity of rear X-ray curtain target.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage is: (1) probe is arranged in gun muzzle, for generating preceding X-ray machine
With the trigger signal of rear X-ray machine, front and back X-ray curtain can be made to automatically open, the X-ray machine working time can be reduced in this way, extension makes
Use the service life.
(2) in preceding X-ray machine and rear X-ray machine, use X-ray as light curtain light source, respectively by preceding light curtain narrow slit stereotype and
X-ray is become narrow light curtain by light curtain narrow slit stereotype afterwards, for effectively catching in the bouche of strong gun muzzle cigarette flame, a large amount of plasmas
It catches bullet and crosses target signal.
(3) circuit prober is received in preceding X-ray and rear X-ray receives x-ray detector effective feeling used in circuit prober
Light length be it is known, X-ray light curtain width be slightly larger than detector length, instantaneous velocity calculate when, can be received according to preceding X-ray
Circuit prober and rear X-ray receive effective photosensitive length of circuit prober to replace light curtain thickness, reduce to light curtain thickness
Precise requirements.
(4) letter can be carried out in pulse width detection module by X-ray photoelectric conversion circuit, amplifying circuit two-way by crossing target signal
Number processing, calculates the pulse width of two paths of signals, is arranged the range of pulse width as needed, to filter out interference letter
Number, and calculate separately out the instantaneous velocity that bullet passes through preceding X-ray curtain and rear X-ray curtain.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of processing circuit of X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device of the present invention and the structural block diagram of processing module.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
A kind of X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2, including it is preceding X-ray light curtain, rear X-ray light curtain, probe 2, preceding
X-ray processing circuit 10, rear X-ray processing circuit 11, preceding X-ray light curtain velocity process module 12, rear X-ray light curtain velocity process module 13
With average speed computing module 14, probe 2 is arranged on firearms pipe shaft 1, and preceding X-ray light curtain and rear X-ray light curtain are arranged in parallel in bullet
On ball firewire 9, preceding X-ray light curtain is connect with preceding X-ray processing circuit 10, and preceding X-ray light curtain velocity process module 12 is respectively and at preceding X-ray
It manages circuit 10 and average speed computing module 14 connects, rear X-ray light curtain is connect with rear X-ray processing circuit 11, rear X-ray light curtain speed
Processing module 13 is connect with rear X-ray processing circuit 11 and average speed computing module 14 respectively.
The preceding X-ray light curtain includes preceding X-ray machine 3, preceding light curtain narrow slit stereotype 4, preceding X-ray reception circuit prober 5 and support
Frame, in the narrow slit of preceding light curtain narrow slit stereotype 4, preceding X-ray receives circuit prober 5 and fixes on the support frame preceding X-ray machine 3, preceding
Light curtain narrow slit stereotype 4 and support frame are arranged in parallel, and the X-ray light curtain that preceding X-ray machine 3 issues receives circuit prober 5 by preceding X-ray and connects
It receives, the X-ray light curtain is vertical with bullet firewire 9.
X-ray light curtain includes rear X-ray machine 6, rear light curtain narrow slit stereotype 7, rear X-ray reception circuit prober 8 and support after described
Frame, in the narrow slit of rear light curtain narrow slit stereotype 7, rear X-ray receives circuit prober 8 and fixes on the support frame rear X-ray machine 6, after
Light curtain narrow slit stereotype 7 and support frame are arranged in parallel, and the X-ray light curtain that rear X-ray machine 6 issues receives circuit prober 8 by rear X-ray and connects
It receives, the X-ray light curtain is vertical with bullet firewire 9.
Probe 2 is for detecting pellet injection signal, this signal is for starting preceding X-ray machine 3 and rear X-ray machine 6, preceding 3 He of X-ray machine
The starting of X-ray machine 6 a period of time can be automatically closed afterwards, and enough bullets this period pass through two X-ray light curtains.Preceding X-ray receives circuit
Detector 5 and rear X-ray receive circuit prober 8 and the bullet captured are crossed the corresponding incoming preceding X-ray processing circuit of target signal respectively
10 and rear X-ray processing circuit 11 in carry out photoelectric conversion, filtering, amplification and shaping, in preceding 12 He of X-ray light curtain velocity process module
The signal for afterwards handling previous step well in X-ray light curtain velocity process module 13 carries out anti-interference process, and it is logical to calculate separately out bullet
The instantaneous velocity for crossing two X-ray light curtain targets calculates the average speed of projectile flight in average speed computing module 14.
Preceding X-ray processing circuit 10 includes sequentially connected preceding photoelectric conversion circuit 19, preceding amplifying circuit 21 and preceding shaping electricity
Road 23, rear X-ray processing circuit 11 include sequentially connected rear photoelectric conversion circuit 20, rear amplifying circuit 22 and rear shaping circuit
24, X-ray can effectively penetrate the strong gun muzzle cigarette flame and a large amount of plasmas of gun muzzle generation, however but be unable to complete penetration
Bullet itself, two X-rays reception circuit probers receive faint light flux variations and pass through preceding photoelectric conversion circuit 19 respectively
It is translated into a faint curent change with rear 20 circuit of photoelectric conversion circuit, by subsequent preceding amplifying circuit 21 with after
Amplifying circuit 22 exports one can be for digital signal that test macro uses.
Preceding X-ray light curtain velocity process module 12 includes sequentially connected preceding PLL phase-locked loop module 25, prepulse width detection
Module 27, it is preceding counting with count compensation module 29 and preceding instantaneous velocity computing module 31, prepulse width detection module 27 again with
Preceding amplifying circuit 21 connects, and preceding instantaneous velocity computing module 31 is connect with average speed computing module 14.Afterwards at X-ray light curtain speed
Managing module 13 includes sequentially connected rear PLL phase-locked loop module 26, afterpulse width detection module 28, rear counting and count compensation
Module 30 and rear instantaneous velocity computing module 32, afterpulse width detection module 28 are connect with rear amplifying circuit 22 again, rear instantaneous
Speed calculation module 32 is connect with average speed computing module 14.
In pulse width detection module (prepulse width detection module 27 and afterpulse width detection module 28) respectively
Step-by-step counting and count compensation are carried out, step-by-step counting is the pulse clock number calculating that the bullet that will be captured crosses that target signal is included
Out, a part of pulse signal can be lost in pulse counting process carries out Edge check to verify the stabilization of target signal rising edge
It arrives, step-by-step counting compensation is carried out by programming after this, by the pulse of supplement loss.
Pulse width detection module (27,28) can identify interference signal and bullet crosses target signal, and pulse width detects mould
Clock reference used in block is obtained by PLL phase-locked loop module frequency multiplication, so as to improve pulse width detection judgement precision, these
The pulse width of signal can be calculated, according to the difference of pulse width, so that it may bullet signal, interference signal are distinguished,
According to calculation formula 1.1:
L indicates the length of object in formula (1.1), and d indicates that effective photosensitive diameter of X-ray detector, v indicate the speed of object
Degree, t is pulse width.
Assuming that effective photosensitive diameter d=8mm of X-ray detector, the length l=50mm of bullet, the most fast flight of bullet
Speed v=2000m/s, then bullet passes through the most narrow pulse width t that light curtain generates are as follows:
Assuming that effective photosensitive diameter d=8mm of X-ray detector, the extreme length l=50mm of bullet, bullet it is most slow
Flying speed v=800m/s, then bullet passes through the most broad pulse width t that light curtain generates are as follows:
It can obtain from the above analysis, it is 29 μ s that bullet is most narrow across the pulse signal width that light curtain generates, and most width is 72.5 μ s,
It knows that the pulse width measured is only between 29 μ of μ s~72.5 s and effectively crosses target signal, the method can effectively filter out interference
The interference that signal generates, is filtered out if signal output pulse width is not between preset numerical value, in actual experiment, according to difference
Bullet different pulse width ranges can be set detected.Pulse signal width needs detector response time precision to exist
Microsecond grade, the present invention need to have that input impedance is high, conversion rate is fast, unity gain bandwidth product is big, noise is small using device
Feature meets the response for High-velocity Projectiles signal.
To by pulse width detection module (prepulse width detection module 27 and afterpulse width detection module 28)
Two paths of signals carries out step-by-step counting and count compensation in counting and count compensation module respectively,.According to calculation formula (1.2),
The instantaneous velocity that bullet flies over preceding X-ray light curtain and rear X-ray light curtain is calculated in instantaneous velocity computing module.
In formula (1.2), VXIt is the instantaneous velocity that bullet passes through light curtain, l indicates the length of object, and d indicates X-ray detector
Effective photosensitive diameter, N is counted number of pulses, and T is the pulsewidth of single pulse.
Bullet is finally calculated in average speed computing module 14 according to average speed calculation formula (1.3) and flies over front and back
The average speed of two X-ray curtains.
In formula (1.3), VaIt is the average speed of projectile flight, VX1It is the instantaneous velocity of X-ray light curtain before bullet is flown over, VX2It is
Bullet flies over the instantaneous velocity of rear X-ray light curtain.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device, it is characterised in that: including preceding X-ray light curtain, rear X-ray light curtain, probe (2), preceding X
Optical processing circuit (10), rear X-ray processing circuit (11), preceding X-ray light curtain velocity process module (12), the processing of rear X-ray light curtain speed
Module (13) and average speed computing module (14), probe (2) are arranged on firearms pipe shaft (1), preceding X-ray light curtain and rear X-ray light
Curtain is arranged in parallel on bullet firewire (9), and preceding X-ray light curtain is connect with preceding X-ray processing circuit (10), preceding X-ray light curtain speed processing
Module (12) is connect with preceding X-ray processing circuit (10) and average speed computing module (14) respectively, at rear X-ray light curtain and rear X-ray
Circuit (11) connection is managed, rear X-ray light curtain velocity process module (13) calculates with rear X-ray processing circuit (11) and average speed respectively
Module (14) connection；
The preceding X-ray light curtain velocity process module (12) includes sequentially connected preceding PLL phase-locked loop module (25), prepulse width
Detection module (27), preceding counting and count compensation module (29) and preceding instantaneous velocity computing module (31), prepulse width detection
Module (27) is connect with preceding amplifying circuit (21) again, and preceding instantaneous velocity computing module (31) and average speed computing module (14) are even
It connects；
X-ray light curtain velocity process module (13) includes sequentially connected rear PLL phase-locked loop module (26), afterpulse width detection afterwards
Module (28), rear counting and count compensation module (30) and rear instantaneous velocity computing module (32), afterpulse width detection module
(28) it is connect again with rear amplifying circuit (22), rear instantaneous velocity computing module (32) connect with average speed computing module (14)；
Pulse width detection module is for identifying interference signal and bullet crosses target signal, when used in pulse width detection module
Clock benchmark is obtained by PLL phase-locked loop module frequency multiplication, so as to improve the judgement precision of pulse width detection, calculates the arteries and veins of above-mentioned signal
Width is rushed, according to the difference of pulse width, distinguishes bullet signal, interference signal, calculation formula is as follows:
L indicates the length of object in formula (1.1), and d indicates that effective photosensitive diameter of X-ray detector, v indicate the speed of object, t
For pulse width.
2. X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the preceding X-ray light curtain includes preceding X
Ray machine (3), preceding light curtain narrow slit stereotype (4), preceding X-ray receive circuit prober (5) and support frame, and preceding X-ray machine (3) is embedded in preceding light curtain
In the narrow slit of narrow slit stereotype (4), preceding X-ray receive circuit prober (5) it is fixed on the support frame, preceding light curtain narrow slit stereotype (4) and
Support frame is arranged in parallel, and the X-ray light curtain that preceding X-ray machine (3) issues receives circuit prober (5) by preceding X-ray and receives, the X-ray light
Curtain is vertical with bullet firewire (9).
3. X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: X-ray light curtain includes rear X after described
Ray machine (6), rear light curtain narrow slit stereotype (7), rear X-ray receive circuit prober (8) and support frame, and rear X-ray machine (6) is embedded in rear light curtain
In the narrow slit of narrow slit stereotype (7), rear X-ray receive circuit prober (8) it is fixed on the support frame, rear light curtain narrow slit stereotype (7) and
Support frame is arranged in parallel, and the X-ray light curtain that rear X-ray machine (6) issues receives circuit prober (8) by rear X-ray and receives, the X-ray light
Curtain is vertical with bullet firewire (9).
4. X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the preceding X-ray processing circuit (10)
Including sequentially connected preceding photoelectric conversion circuit (19), preceding amplifying circuit (21) and preceding shaping circuit (23), rear X-ray processing circuit
It (11) include that sequentially connected rear photoelectric conversion circuit (20), rear amplifying circuit (22) and rear shaping circuit (24), two X-rays connect
Receipts circuit prober receives faint light flux variations and passes through preceding photoelectric conversion circuit (19) and rear photoelectric conversion circuit respectively
(20) circuit is translated into a faint curent change, by subsequent preceding amplifying circuit (21) and after amplifying circuit (22)
Output one can be for digital signal that test macro uses.
5. X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the instantaneous velocity computing module
The instantaneous velocity that bullet flies over preceding X-ray light curtain and rear X-ray light curtain is calculated, formula is as follows:
Wherein VXIt is the instantaneous velocity that bullet passes through light curtain, l indicates the length of object, and d indicates the effective photosensitive of X-ray detector
Diameter, N are counted number of pulses, and T is the pulsewidth of single pulse.
6. X-ray light curtain initial speed measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the average speed computing module
(14) average speed that bullet flies over former and later two X-ray curtains is calculated, formula is as follows:
Wherein, VaIt is the average speed of projectile flight, VX1It is the instantaneous velocity of X-ray curtain target before bullet is flown over, VX2It is that bullet is flown over
The instantaneous velocity of X-ray curtain target afterwards.
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| CN106645788B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2020-11-13 | 南京理工大学 | Single-light-curtain multi-position point speed measuring device and speed measuring method based on X-rays |
| CN107064543B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-05-07 | 南京理工大学 | Muzzle velocity measuring device based on X-ray |
| CN109488500A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-19 | 济南大学 | A kind of wheel abrator pellet jet velocity test method and device based on photoelectric tube |
| CN109352535A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-19 | 济南大学 | A kind of impeller head pellet projectile survey testing method and device based on photoelectric tube |
| CN111308118A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-19 | 中北大学 | High-speed projectile speed measuring device based on laser light curtain |
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