CN108061812B - A laser velocity measurement system and method for projectile velocity - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种弹丸速度的激光测速系统,包括弹管、设置在靠近弹管发射口的冲力触发感应装置、设置在靠近弹管出射口的二级激光测速装置、设置在冲力触发感应装置与二级激光测速装置之间的一级激光测速装置、测距仪、计时单元和处理单元,所述测距仪分别设置在所述冲力触发感应装置与一级激光测速装置之间、一级激光测速装置与二级激光测速装置之间,所述计时单元的信号输入端分别与冲力触发感应装置的信号输出端、一级激光测速装置的信号输出端和二级激光测速装置的信号输出端连接,所述计时单元的信号输出端与处理单元的信号输入端连接。本发明提供一种弹丸速度的激光测速系统及其方法,可准确地测量弹丸的速度。
The invention discloses a laser speed measuring system for projectile velocity, which comprises a projectile tube, an impulse force trigger sensing device arranged close to the launching port of the projectile tube, a secondary laser speed measuring device arranged close to the projectile exit port, and an impulse force triggering sensing device arranged A primary laser speed measuring device, a rangefinder, a timing unit and a processing unit between the secondary laser speed measuring device, the rangefinder is respectively arranged between the impulse trigger sensing device and the primary laser speed measuring device, and the primary Between the laser speed measuring device and the secondary laser speed measuring device, the signal input end of the timing unit is respectively connected to the signal output end of the impulse trigger sensing device, the signal output end of the primary laser speed measuring device and the signal output end of the secondary laser speed measuring device connected, the signal output end of the timing unit is connected to the signal input end of the processing unit. The invention provides a projectile velocity laser velocity measuring system and method thereof, which can accurately measure the velocity of the projectile.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于激光测速领域,特别涉及一种弹丸速度的激光测速系统及其方法。The invention belongs to the field of laser velocity measurement, and in particular relates to a laser velocity measurement system and a method thereof for projectile velocity.
背景技术Background technique
在弹药设计和生产过程中,炮弹的速度是重要技术指标之一,从而,速度测量设备也是火炮及弹药设计和生产部门的必装设备。目前,常规使用的速度测量设备存在很多种类,其中,基于区截测量原理的有:通断网靶、线圈靶、天幕靶、框架式激光靶等等。这一类速度测量设备的测量原理为:在已知靶距的前提下,测取炮弹的过靶时间,计算靶距中点位置的平均速度。此外还有借助于测速雷达来进行测量的方案,这类方案则是通过多普勒原理来进行测速。现有的基于区截测量原理的速度测量设备由于种种原因,基本都存在现场靶距长度误差大、炮弹过靶时间测量不够准确、抑或测量火炮口径范围受限等问题;而对于多普勒测速雷达,则在测速点位置存在不确定性的问题,难以满足精度方面的要求。鉴于此,对于本领域技术人员而言,如何改善现有技术中炮弹速度测量过程精度不足的现状,已成为当前迫切需要解决的重要问题。In the process of ammunition design and production, the velocity of shells is one of the important technical indicators. Therefore, velocity measuring equipment is also a must-installed equipment for artillery and ammunition design and production departments. At present, there are many types of conventionally used speed measurement equipment, among which, based on the principle of section measurement, there are: on-off mesh target, coil target, sky screen target, frame laser target and so on. The measurement principle of this type of speed measuring equipment is: under the premise of knowing the target distance, measure the time of the projectile passing the target, and calculate the average speed at the midpoint of the target distance. In addition, there are solutions for measuring with the aid of speed-measuring radars, which use the Doppler principle for speed measurement. Due to various reasons, the existing speed measurement equipment based on the principle of section measurement basically has problems such as large error in the length of the on-site target distance, inaccurate measurement of the time of the projectile passing the target, or the limited range of the measured artillery caliber; and for Doppler speed measurement Radar has the problem of uncertainty in the position of the speed measuring point, and it is difficult to meet the accuracy requirements. In view of this, for those skilled in the art, how to improve the current situation of insufficient accuracy of the projectile velocity measurement process in the prior art has become an important problem that needs to be solved urgently.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的:为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供一种弹丸速度的激光测速系统及其方法,可准确地测量弹丸的速度。Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a laser velocity measurement system and method for projectile velocity, which can accurately measure the velocity of projectiles.
技术方案:为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:Technical scheme: in order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种弹丸速度的激光测速系统,包括弹管、设置在靠近弹管发射口的冲力触发感应装置、设置在靠近弹管出射口的二级激光测速装置、设置在冲力触发感应装置与二级激光测速装置之间的一级激光测速装置、测距仪、计时单元和处理单元,所述测距仪分别设置在所述冲力触发感应装置与一级激光测速装置之间、一级激光测速装置与二级激光测速装置之间,所述计时单元的信号输入端分别与冲力触发感应装置的信号输出端、一级激光测速装置的信号输出端和二级激光测速装置的信号输出端连接,所述计时单元的信号输出端与处理单元的信号输入端连接,所述冲力触发感应装置的信号输出端与一级激光测速装置和二级激光测速装置包含的激光光源的信号输入端连接。A laser speed measuring system for projectile speed, comprising a bullet tube, an impulse trigger sensing device arranged near the launching port of the bullet tube, a secondary laser speed measuring device disposed near the projectile tube exit, an impulse trigger sensing device and a secondary laser A primary laser speed measuring device, a range finder, a timing unit and a processing unit between the speed measuring devices, the range finder is respectively arranged between the impulse trigger sensing device and the primary laser speed measuring device, and the primary laser speed measuring device and the primary laser speed measuring device Between the secondary laser speed measuring devices, the signal input end of the timing unit is respectively connected with the signal output end of the impulse trigger sensing device, the signal output end of the primary laser speed measuring device and the signal output end of the secondary laser speed measuring device. The signal output end of the timing unit is connected to the signal input end of the processing unit, and the signal output end of the impulse trigger sensing device is connected to the signal input end of the laser light source included in the primary laser speed measuring device and the secondary laser speed measuring device.
进一步的,所述二级测速装置包括激光激发模块、第二分光镜和第二光电转换模块,所述激光激发模块设置在弹管上,且所述激光激发模块的发射激光光线垂直于弹丸的飞行路径,所述第二光电转换模块设置在与激光激发模块相对的弹管壁体上,且所述第二光电转换模块接收发射的激光光线;所述第二分光镜设置在激光激发模块的发射端,且所述第二分光镜将发射光线分成两束相互垂直的出射光线,其中一束朝向第二光电转换模块,且另一束朝向冲向触发感应装置和一级激光测速装置。Further, the secondary speed measuring device includes a laser excitation module, a second beam splitter and a second photoelectric conversion module, the laser excitation module is arranged on the bomb tube, and the emitted laser light of the laser excitation module is perpendicular to the projectile flight path, the second photoelectric conversion module is arranged on the shell tube wall opposite to the laser excitation module, and the second photoelectric conversion module receives the emitted laser light; the second beam splitter is arranged on the laser excitation module The emitting end, and the second beam splitter divides the emitted light into two mutually perpendicular outgoing rays, one of which is directed to the second photoelectric conversion module, and the other is directed to the trigger sensing device and the primary laser speed measuring device.
进一步的,所述一级测速装置包括第一分光镜和第一光电转换模块,所述第一分光镜、第一光电转换模块分别与第二分光镜、第二光电转换模块平行间距设置在弹管上,且所述第一分光镜设置在第二分光镜分光后的出射光线路径上,且所述第一分光镜将分光后的出射光线再次分成两束相互垂直的出射光线,其中一束朝向第一光电转换模块,且另一束朝向冲向触发感应装置。Further, the primary speed measuring device includes a first beam splitter and a first photoelectric conversion module, and the first beam splitter and the first photoelectric conversion module are respectively arranged in parallel with the second beam splitter and the second photoelectric conversion module. on the tube, and the first beamsplitter is arranged on the path of the outgoing light after splitting by the second beamsplitter, and the first beamsplitter divides the splitting outgoing light into two beams of outgoing light perpendicular to each other, one of which towards the first photoelectric conversion module, and another beam towards the trigger sensing device.
进一步的,所述弹管的壁体内部开设有通光孔,所述通光孔沿弹管的长度方向设置,且所述通光孔的两端分别与第二分光镜、冲力感应触发装置相对设置。Further, a light hole is provided inside the wall of the bomb tube, the light hole is arranged along the length direction of the bomb tube, and the two ends of the light hole are respectively connected to the second beam splitter and the impulse sensing trigger device. relative settings.
进一步的,所述冲力触发感应装置包括插接板、应变片和应变触发片,所述插接板可拆卸的插设在弹管内,所述插接板上贯通开设有供弹丸穿过的弹孔,所述插接板内开设有至少一侧开口的凹腔,所述凹腔垂直于弹丸的飞行方向;所述应变片和应变触发片均设置在凹腔内,所述应变触发片与应变片连接,至少所述应变触发片上的部分区域伸入到弹孔内,且所述弹丸穿过弹孔时触碰到应变触发片并使应变片发生应变信号;所述应变片与计时单元连接。Further, the impulse trigger sensing device includes a socket plate, a strain gauge and a strain trigger plate, the socket plate is detachably inserted in the bullet tube, and the socket plate is penetrated with a bullet hole for the projectile to pass through. A hole is provided in the plug-in board with at least one side opening, and the cavity is perpendicular to the flight direction of the projectile; The strain gauge is connected, at least a part of the strain trigger plate extends into the bullet hole, and when the projectile passes through the bullet hole, it touches the strain trigger plate and causes the strain gauge to generate a strain signal; the strain gauge and the timing unit connect.
进一步的,所述应变触发片为薄纸片,且所述应变触发片覆盖弹孔设置,所述应变触发片一侧与应变片牵拉设置,且另一侧通过固定件固定设置。Further, the strain trigger sheet is a thin paper sheet, and the strain trigger sheet is arranged to cover the bullet hole, one side of the strain trigger sheet is pulled with the strain gauge, and the other side is fixed by a fixing member.
进一步的,所述应变片横设在凹腔内的开口一侧,且所述应变片与凹腔的两内壁间隙设置,应变片与凹腔的内壁构成两条缝隙,所述应变触发片的一侧可插入其中一条缝隙,且另一侧弯折后插入另一条缝隙中。Further, the strain gauge is arranged horizontally on one side of the opening in the concave cavity, and the gap between the strain gauge and the two inner walls of the cavity is set, the strain gauge and the inner wall of the cavity form two gaps, and the strain trigger gauge One side can be inserted into one of the slits, and the other side can be bent and inserted into the other slit.
进一步的,所述插接板朝向二级激光测速装置一侧的壁体上开设有透光孔,所述透光孔连通凹腔。Further, a light-transmitting hole is opened on the wall of the plug-in board facing the side of the secondary laser speed measuring device, and the light-transmitting hole communicates with the concave cavity.
一种弹丸速度的激光测速系统的方法:将冲力触发感应装置靠近弹管发射口设置,将二级激光测速装置靠近弹管出射口设置,在冲力触发感应装置与二级激光测速装置之间设置一级激光测速装置,通过激光激发模块发射激光,并且发射光线经过第一分光镜、第二分光镜进行分光,使激光光线通过各个光路;并通过测距仪分别测量一级激光测速装置与二级测速装置的间距、冲力触发感应装置的间距;A method for a projectile speed laser speed measuring system: setting the impulse trigger sensing device close to the launching port of the bullet tube, setting the secondary laser speed measuring device close to the projectile tube exit, and setting between the impulse trigger sensing device and the secondary laser speed measuring device The first-level laser speed measuring device emits laser light through the laser excitation module, and the emitted light passes through the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter for splitting, so that the laser light passes through each optical path; The distance between the level speed measuring device and the distance between the impulse trigger sensor device;
弹丸发射后先通过冲力触发感应装置,并同时触发计时单元开始计时,之后弹丸依次通过一级激光测速装置、二级激光测速装置,并依次使计时单元分步计时,获得三个时间值及时间间隔;通过处理单元根据时间间隔及测距仪测量的间距进行数据处理,计算加速度及速度。After the projectile is launched, it first triggers the sensing device through the momentum, and at the same time triggers the timing unit to start timing. After that, the projectile passes through the first-level laser speed measuring device and the second-level laser speed measuring device in turn, and sequentially makes the timing unit step by step. Three time values and time Interval: The processing unit performs data processing according to the time interval and the distance measured by the rangefinder, and calculates the acceleration and speed.
有益效果:本发明通过两组激光测速装置和冲力触发感应装置对弹管内的整体速度进行测量,可测量弹丸的速度、加速度和初速度,并且用同一个激光光源进行过靶间距进行测量,同时保证过靶时激光光路的同源性,在精简系统结构的同时,减少系统的误差,而且弹丸过靶时间的测量具有较高的精确性,使得弹丸的速度测量的准确度较高。Beneficial effects: the present invention measures the overall velocity in the bullet tube through two sets of laser velocity measuring devices and impulse trigger sensing devices, can measure the velocity, acceleration and initial velocity of the projectile, and use the same laser light source to measure the distance between targets, and at the same time Ensure the homology of the laser light path when passing the target, reduce the system error while simplifying the system structure, and the measurement of the time of the projectile passing the target has high accuracy, so that the accuracy of the velocity measurement of the projectile is high.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为本发明的整体系统示意图;Accompanying
附图2为本发明的冲力触发感应装置爆炸图;Accompanying
附图3为本发明的冲力触发感应装置的半剖示意图;Accompanying
附图4为本发明的冲力触发感应装置局部放大示意图;Accompanying drawing 4 is the partially enlarged schematic diagram of the impulse trigger sensing device of the present invention;
附图5为本发明的冲力触发感应装置另一视角示意图。Accompanying
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如附图1所示,一种弹丸速度的激光测速系统,包括弹管1、设置在靠近弹管发射口的冲力触发感应装置2、设置在靠近弹管出射口的二级激光测速装置、设置在冲力触发感应装置2与二级激光测速装置之间的一级激光测速装置、测距仪4、计时单元12和处理单元11,所述测距仪4分别设置在所述冲力触发感应装置2与一级激光测速装置之间、一级激光测速装置与二级激光测速装置之间,所述计时单元12的信号输入端分别与冲力触发感应装置2的信号输出端、一级激光测速装置的信号输出端和二级激光测速装置的信号输出端连接,所述计时单元12的信号输出端与处理单元11的信号输入端连接。,所述冲力触发感应装置2的信号输出端与一级激光测速装置和二级激光测速装置包含的激光光源的信号输入端连接,所述激光光源为激光激发模块7,弹丸14通过冲力触发感应装置2时,同时触发激光光源发射激光光线,使系统自动化程度更高,不需要人工开启激光光源,节省人力,所述测距仪4的信号输出端与处理单元信号输入端连接,通过测距仪4可精确地对一级激光测速装置与二级激光装置、冲力触发感应装置2的间距值,所述测距仪为激光测距仪,利用弹丸通过激光光路的同源激光激发模块作为测距仪4的测距光源,不仅减少了设备组成组件,而且还可减少由于光源不同而造成的测距误差、系统误差等,进而使该系统的测量精度提升。同时,在弹管的发射口设置冲力触发感应装置取代激光测试装置,减少光路受到影响的程度,由于弹丸在发射后会产生大量的烟雾和火光等,距离弹管发蛇口较近的激光光路会受到烟雾或火光的干扰,造成初始计时的不准确性,因此,采用冲力触发感应装置2,该装置为弹丸接触时触发,可避免烟雾或火光的干扰,提高测量准确性。As shown in accompanying
所述二级测速装置包括激光激发模块7、第二分光镜9和第二光电转换模块10,所述激光激发模块7设置在弹管1上,且所述激光激发模块7的发射激光光线垂直于弹丸的飞行路径,所述第二光电转换模块10设置在与激光激发模块7相对的弹管壁体上,且所述第二光电转换模块10接收发射的激光光线;所述第二分光镜9设置在激光激发模块7的发射端,且所述第二分光镜9将发射光线分成两束相互垂直的出射光线,其中一束朝向第二光电转换模块10,且另一束朝向冲向触发感应装置2和一级激光测速装置。通过第二分光镜9将发射光线分成一束射向第二光电转换模块的出射光线和另一束射向对一级激光测速装置进行距离检测的出射光线,可精准的测量出一级激光测量装置距离二级激光测量装置的间距或者二级激光测量装置距离冲力触发感应装置的间距,解决由于弹丸过靶间距测量不准的技术难点。The secondary speed measurement device includes a
所述一级测速装置包括第一分光镜5和第一光电转换模块13,所述第一分光镜5、第一光电转换模块13分别与第二分光镜9、第二光电转换模块10平行间距设置在弹管1上,且所述第一分光镜5设置在第二分光镜9分光后的出射光线路径上,且所述第一分光镜5将分光后的出射光线再次分成两束相互垂直的出射光线,其中一束朝向第一光电转换模块13,且另一束朝向冲向触发感应装置2。通过第一分光镜5再次对出射光线进行分光,精确的测量二级激光测量装置与冲力触发感应装置之间的间距。所述第一分光镜、第二分光镜相对于弹管方向呈45°角度设置,且均设置在弹管壁体内,经分光镜分光后的部分光线经细孔6照射在光电转换模块上,所述细孔6位光学狭缝,可减少其他杂色光及漫射光的影响,并且在细孔6出口端设置有聚光镜8。The primary velocity measuring device includes a
所述弹管1的壁体内部开设有通光孔3,所述通光孔3沿弹管1的长度方向设置,且所述通光孔3的两端分别与第二分光镜9、冲力感应触发装置2相对设置。所述第一分光镜9设置在通光孔3内,所述通光孔设置在弹管壁体内,可减少由于烟雾及火光或者使其他杂色光对测距仪测量的影响,减小误差,提高测距精度。The inside of the wall body of the
通过测距仪4对各靶间距的测量、计时单元12对过靶时间的测量,可通过处理单元进行数据处理获得加速度和平均速度等,还可计算发射口和出射口的速度值,该系统可测量弹管内的速度变化历程,适应不同长度、不同口径的弹管管体测量。Through the measurement of the distance between each target by the range finder 4 and the measurement of the time of passing the target by the
如附图2和附图3所示,所述冲力触发感应装置2包括插接板23、应变片24和应变触发片22,所述插接板23可拆卸的插设在弹管1内,所述插接板23上贯通开设有供弹丸14穿过的弹孔21,所述插接板23内开设有至少一侧开口的凹腔27,所述凹腔27垂直于弹丸14的飞行方向;所述应变片24和应变触发片22均设置在凹腔27内,所述应变触发片22与应变片24连接,至少所述应变触发片22上的部分区域伸入到弹孔21As shown in accompanying
内,且所述弹丸14穿过弹孔21时触碰到应变触发片22并使应变片24发生应变信号;所述应变触发片22可以时略微伸出一截的塑料片或者是金属片等,使弹丸通过时可触动该塑料片或金属片,并使应变片产生应变信号;所述应变片24与计时单元12连接。通过冲力触发感应装置计算弹丸穿过后的时间,其为机械结构,受环境及光照条件的影响较小,可适应多种场合,弹丸穿过应变触发片时使应变触发片拉动应变片产生应力变化,并通过电阻信号变化使计时单元计时或者通过应变仪处理后进行计时。When the
在插接板23的底部设置有两个定位销26,在弹管1的壁体上设置有与所述定位销26配合的定位孔,使每次插接板安装后仍能保持较稳定的位置,减小误差。Two locating
所述应变触发片22为薄纸片,且所述应变触发片22覆盖弹孔21设置,所述应变触发片22一侧与应变片24牵拉设置,且另一侧通过固定件25固定设置。所述固定件25为螺栓,所述螺栓旋合设置在插接板上并与凹腔27连通,将薄纸片的一侧固定,使其紧绷并产生一定的张紧力,在弹丸穿过时,冲击力可使薄纸片触发应变片产生应变信号,同时薄纸片容易获得,便宜,使用方便,适合实验时的大量使用,而且弹丸的冲击力可轻易冲破薄纸片,避免对弹丸的速度造成干扰或者速度损失。而且,薄纸片完全覆盖弹孔21,也可防止弹管出射口的烟雾或闪光对弹管内的其他区域造成干扰。The
如附图4所示,所述应变片24横设在凹腔27内的开口一侧,且所述应变片24与凹腔27的两内壁间隙设置,应变片24与凹腔的内壁构成两条缝隙30,所述应变触发片22的一侧可插入其中一条缝隙30,且另一侧弯折后插入另一条缝隙30中。其安装方便,结构简单,而且可使应变片的触发效果较好。As shown in accompanying drawing 4, described
如附图5所示,进一步的,所述插接板23朝向二级激光测速装置一侧的壁体上开设有透光孔230,所述透光孔230连通凹腔27。所述透光孔230用于通光孔3内的激光光线通过,并使激光光线达到应变触发片上,保证测距的精准性。As shown in FIG. 5 , further, a light-transmitting
一种弹丸速度的激光测速系统的方法:将冲力触发感应装置靠近弹管发射口设置,将二级激光测速装置靠近弹管出射口设置,在冲力触发感应装置与二级激光测速装置之间设置一级激光测速装置,通过激光激发模块发射激光,并且发射光线经过第一分光镜、第二分光镜进行分光,使激光光线通过各个光路;并通过测距仪分别测量一级激光测速装置与二级测速装置的间距、冲力触发感应装置的间距;A method for a projectile speed laser speed measuring system: setting the impulse trigger sensing device close to the launching port of the bullet tube, setting the secondary laser speed measuring device close to the projectile tube exit, and setting between the impulse trigger sensing device and the secondary laser speed measuring device The first-level laser speed measuring device emits laser light through the laser excitation module, and the emitted light passes through the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter for splitting, so that the laser light passes through each optical path; The distance between the level speed measuring device and the distance between the impulse trigger sensor device;
弹丸发射后先通过冲力触发感应装置,并同时触发计时单元开始计时,之后弹丸依次通过一级激光测速装置、二级激光测速装置,并依次使计时单元分步计时,获得三个时间值及时间间隔;通过处理单元根据时间间隔及测距仪测量的间距进行数据处理,计算加速度及速度。After the projectile is launched, it first triggers the sensing device through the momentum, and at the same time triggers the timing unit to start timing. After that, the projectile passes through the first-level laser speed measuring device and the second-level laser speed measuring device in turn, and sequentially makes the timing unit step by step. Three time values and time Interval: The processing unit performs data processing according to the time interval and the distance measured by the rangefinder, and calculates the acceleration and speed.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also possible. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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