CN111487171A - Forward and backward combined dual-wavelength dispersed fire smoke detector and method - Google Patents
Forward and backward combined dual-wavelength dispersed fire smoke detector and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forward and backward combined dual-wavelength dispersed fire smoke detector and a method, wherein the detector comprises a detection cavity, a light wave receiver and two light wave transmitters are arranged in the detection cavity, and an included angle between one transmitting tube and the receiver is an acute angle and is a forward transmitting tube; the included angle between the other transmitting tube and the receiver is more than 120 degrees, and the other transmitting tube is a backward transmitting tube; the two transmitting tubes sequentially transmit two light wave signals of blue light and red light, the two light wave signals are received by the receiving tube, the median particle size of smoke is judged by using the scattering power of the backward transmitting tube, and then whether smoke alarm is sent or not is judged by using the forward transmitting tube according to the median particle size of the smoke. The invention adopts the blue light and the red light emitted by the same double-color light emitting tube to judge the concentration of the particles, eliminates the influence of uncertain factors of the light emitting characteristics and the installation angle among different light emitting tubes, eliminates the problem of aging difference of different light emitting tubes due to long-term use, and greatly improves the precision and the anti-interference capability of smoke alarm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of smoke detectors, relates to an optical detector, and particularly relates to a forward and backward combined dual-wavelength dispersive fire smoke detector and a method.
Background
In the current products based on the optical detection mode, the sensitivity of smoke particles with different colors, such as white smoke and black smoke, is not balanced; or the interference of water vapor, oil smoke and dust cannot be distinguished, and frequent false alarm is caused. Patent (CN201510861356.9) scattered light smoke detector with bicolor light emitting diodes describes a smoke detector arrangement using a single light emitting diode with dual wavelength and a single photoreceptor, which uses a single scattering angle, forward or backward, to evaluate the particle size of detected smoke particles by a suitable evaluation (such as for example a proportional calculation) of the scattered light of the respective color received by the photoreceptor, distinguishing between smoke, dust and vapour. The patent has no way to distinguish white smoke or black smoke, and the sensitivity of the smoke detector cannot be kept balanced and stable for different types of fire smoke, so that the phenomenon that the sensitivity of the smoke detector is too high for white smoke and the sensitivity of the smoke detector is too low for black smoke is often caused.
In a patent (CN201410748629.4) of an aerosol particle size sensing method based on dual-wavelength dispersion signals and its application in fire smoke detection, it is proposed to measure the dispersion signals under two wavelength conditions, and determine the median particle size of aerosol particles by performing a ratio operation on the received scattered light power; and determining whether a fire alarm signal should be issued by threshold comparison of the scattered light power. The device and the method are composed of two transmitting tubes with different wavelengths and a receiving tube with dual-wavelength receiving capability, wherein the scattering angle of blue light is 120 degrees, and the scattering angle of infrared light is 30 degrees. Since the forward scattering power and the backward scattering power per se vary with the particle size even in the same wavelength light source, it is very inaccurate to calculate the median particle size by the ratio of the backward scattering power of blue light to the forward scattering power of red light.
The patent (CN201711415845.7) a method for early detection of fire smoke with interfering particle recognition proposes to arrange a dual wavelength transmitter and two receivers in the detector detection chamber structure, the two receivers collecting scattered light power at different angles, one at forward scattering angle and the other at backward scattering angle. The scattered light power of two different angles is measured, the ratio (asymmetric ratio) of the scattered light power and the scattered light power is calculated, and the fluctuation characteristic of the asymmetric ratio is analyzed to realize early detection of fire smoke particles. The method has the disadvantages that because two receivers are adopted, the uncertainty of the asymmetric ratio is increased due to the difference between the photoelectric conversion efficiencies of the two receivers, the uncertainty cannot be effectively eliminated, and the actual effect of distinguishing different particles and alarming fire by adopting the fluctuation characteristics is greatly weakened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem that the sensitivity of the existing products based on the optical detection mode is not balanced for white smoke and black smoke, such as smoke particles with different colors; or the interference of water vapor, oil smoke and dust cannot be distinguished, and frequent false alarm is caused. The invention provides a forward and backward combined dual-wavelength dispersed fire smoke detector and a method, which adopt detection methods of alternately forward scattering and backward scattering and alternately adopting two different wavelengths, can accurately identify the particle diameter, have very good interference elimination capability on water vapor, oil smoke and dust, have quite balanced and consistent sensitivity performance on smoke dust of various colors, simultaneously can avoid deviation caused by aging factors of different transmitting tubes, different installation angles and different transmitting tubes, and greatly improve the robustness of products.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a fire smoke detection method of dual wavelength dispersion combined with forward and backward is characterized in that a light wave receiver and two light wave transmitters are arranged in a detection cavity, each light wave transmitter is a transmitting tube capable of transmitting light waves with red and blue wavelengths, the light wave receiver is a receiving tube capable of receiving corresponding wavelengths, and an included angle between one transmitting tube and the receiver is an acute angle and is a forward transmitting tube; the included angle between the other transmitting tube and the receiver is more than 120 degrees, and the other transmitting tube is a backward transmitting tube, and the fire smoke detection method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, under the condition of no smoke, sequentially carrying outStarting two transmitting tubes, respectively transmitting red and blue light waves by each transmitting tube, and recording the bottom current intensity detected by the receiving tube as p when the transmitting tubes transmit blue light to the transmitting tubesBBDWhen the red light is emitted to the transmitting tube, the intensity of the bottom current detected by the receiving tube is recorded as pRBDWhen the forward transmitting tube transmits blue light, the intensity of the bottom current detected by the receiving tube is recorded as pBFDWhen the forward transmitting tube transmits red light, the intensity of the bottom current detected by the receiving tube is recorded as pRFD；
when the median diameter of the smoke particles is greater than a constant value d2Judging whether the alarm concentration is reached or not by the scattering intensity of red light emitted by the forward emitting tube;
when the median diameter of the smoke particles is between the constant value d1And a constant value d2And in the meantime, whether the smoke reaches the alarm concentration or not is judged by the combination of the scattering intensity of the red light and the blue light emitted by the forward emitting tube.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
the specific judgment method for the median particle size of the smoke in the step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, calculating the scattering ratio of the backward emission tube after emitting blue light and red light
Defining a scattered light intensity ratio threshold THLAnd THH；
Step 3.2, if N is less than THLThen the median particle diameter of the smoke particles is known to be less than the constant value d1；
Step 3.3, if THL≤N≤THHThen, the median diameter of the smoke particles is known to be at a constant value d1And a constant value d2To (c) to (d);
step 3.4, if N > THHThe median particle diameter of the aerosol particles is then greater than the constant value d2；
Step 3.5, if N > THHThen, it means that the median diameter of the smoke particles is far greater than the constant value d2There is a large particle disturbance.
Further, the scattered light intensity ratio threshold value THLAnd THHDetermined by previously setting smoke particles of known median size in a laboratory environment.
Further, scattered light intensity ratio threshold value THLThe value is 0.4-0.6, and the scattered light intensity ratio threshold value THHThe value range is 1.4-1.8.
Further, in the step 4, when the median diameter of the particles is less than the constant value d1While the forward emission tube emits a scattering intensity p of blue lightB＝pBF-pBFDIf p isBGreater than a set threshold THFBIf the alarm concentration is reached, the smoke concentration alarm is sent out; otherwise, the smoke concentration alarm is not sent out.
Further, in the step 4, when the median diameter of the smoke particles is larger than a constant value d2The forward emission tube emits the scattering intensity p of red lightR＝pRF-pRFDIf p isRGreater than a set threshold THFRIf the alarm concentration is reached, the smoke concentration alarm is sent out; otherwise, the smoke concentration alarm is not sent out;
when the median diameter of the smoke particles is much greater than d2When it is, p is judgedRWhether or not it is greater than the saturation threshold THFR'If, ifIf the smoke concentration is higher than the preset value, the alarm concentration is reached, and a smoke concentration alarm is given; otherwise, the smoke concentration alarm is not sent out.
Further, in the step 4, when the median diameter of the smoke particles is between the constant value d1And a constant value d2In the meantime, whether the smoke reaches the alarm concentration is judged by the combination of the scattering intensity of the red light and the blue light emitted by the forward emitting tube, and the combined scattering intensity p is pB+m*pRAnd if p is greater than the set combined threshold TH, the alarm concentration is reached, and a smoke concentration alarm is sent out, wherein m is a correction factor.
Further, the threshold THFBThreshold THFRSaturation threshold THFR'And the combined threshold TH is set by laboratory measurement according to the alarm time and concentration required by national standard.
Furthermore, the value range of the correction factor m is 0.3-0.8.
Further, constant value d1The range is 350-450nm, and the constant value d2The range is 750-850.
The utility model provides a fire smoke detector of preceding dual wavelength dispersion that combines with backward, is including surveying the cavity, its characterized in that: the smoke alarm device is characterized in that a light wave receiver and two light wave transmitters are arranged in the detection cavity, each light wave transmitter is a transmitting tube capable of transmitting light waves with two wavelengths of red and blue, the light wave receiver is a receiving tube capable of receiving light waves with corresponding wavelengths, and an included angle between one transmitting tube and the receiver is an acute angle and is a forward transmitting tube, and the forward transmitting tube is used for judging a scattering intensity threshold value so as to judge whether smoke alarm is carried out or not; and the included angle between the other transmitting tube and the receiver is more than 120 degrees, and the other transmitting tube is a backward transmitting tube and is used for judging the median particle size of the smoke.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the difference characteristics of the scattering effect of the dual-wavelength and the forward and backward directions to different particle diameters, judges the average diameter of the particles through the received light intensity of different wavelengths and different angles, and accordingly adopts different judgment methods and thresholds to alarm fire and alarm obvious interfering particles.
(1) And a single receiving tube and an amplifying circuit are adopted, the difference of unbalance of multiple receiving circuits does not need to be considered, and the robustness is strong.
(2) The ratio of blue light to red light emitted by the same double-color light-emitting tube is adopted to judge the range of the average diameter of the particles, and the influence of uncertain factors of the light-emitting characteristics and the installation angle among different light-emitting tubes is eliminated.
(3) The concentration of the particles is judged by adopting the blue light and the red light emitted by the same two-color luminotron, and the influence of uncertain factors of the luminescence characteristics and the installation angle among different luminotrons is eliminated.
(4) The same light-emitting tube is adopted for discrimination, so that the problem of difference of aging of different light-emitting tubes due to long-term use can be solved.
(5) Determining the median of the particle diameters of the particles by using the stability of the back scattering power; and the characteristic of high forward scattering power is utilized to judge the particle concentration.
(6) When the particle concentration is between the blue and red wavelengths, a joint determination is made using the red and blue light.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a fire smoke detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1-detection cavity, 2-forward transmitting tube, 3-backward transmitting tube and 4-receiving tube.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a fire smoke detector, which includes a detection cavity 1, wherein a receiving tube 4 and two transmitting tubes are arranged inside the detection cavity 1, each of the light wave transmitters is a transmitting tube capable of transmitting light waves with two wavelengths, the light wave receiver is the receiving tube 4 capable of receiving corresponding wavelengths, an included angle between one transmitting tube and the receiver is an acute angle (such as 80 degrees), and the included angle is a forward transmitting tube 2 and is marked as a position a, which is used for judging a scattering intensity threshold value, so as to judge whether to alarm smoke; the other transmitting tube has an included angle with the receiver of more than 120 degrees (for example, 140 degrees), is a backward transmitting tube 3, is marked as a position B, and is used for judging the median particle size of the smoke.
The two paths of emitting tubes (L ED light emitting chips can be selected) can be set with different emitting currents, the receiving circuit of one path of receiving tube 4 is set with a proper amplification factor, the receiving tube 4 is converted into current according to the received light intensity, therefore, the current generated by the receiving tube 4 is measured, namely, the received light intensity can be known, and for the selected receiving tube 4, the received light intensity can be obtained according to a fixed proportional relation by measuring the current, therefore, the current intensity is adopted as the scattering power in the embodiment (therefore, the emitting power and the scattering power of the light are not real power units, but only a fixed proportional relation exists between the emitting power and the scattering power, and therefore, the light emitting tube and the scattering power are used instead.
The method for detecting smoke by using the fire smoke detector in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, under the smokeless condition, starting two transmitting tubes to respectively transmit red and blue light waves, and recording the bottom current intensity detected by a receiving tube 4 as p when the transmitting tubes 3 transmit blue light to the rearBBDWhen the red light is emitted to the emission tube 3, the intensity of the bottom current detected by the receiving tube 4 is recorded as pRBDWhen the forward transmitting tube 2 transmits blue light, the intensity of the bottom current detected by the receiving tube 4 is recorded as pBFDWhen the forward transmitting tube 2 transmits red light, the intensity of the bottom current detected by the receiving tube 4 is recorded as pRFD；
step 3.1, meterCalculating the scattering ratio after emitting blue and red light to the emission tube 3
Defining a scattered light intensity ratio threshold THLAnd THH；
Step 3.2, if N is less than THLThen the median particle diameter of the smoke particles is known to be less than the constant value d1；
Step 3.3, if THL≤N≤THHThen, the median diameter of the smoke particles is known to be at a constant value d1And a constant value d2To (c) to (d);
step 3.4, if N > THHThe median particle diameter of the aerosol particles is then greater than the constant value d2。
Step 3.5, when N > THHThen, it means that the median diameter of the smoke particles is far greater than the constant value d2Interfering particles, such as water vapor or dust, may be present.
Two thresholds d of median particle diameter1And d2The constant value d of the embodiment is measured under the laboratory environment1The range is 350-450nm, and the constant value d2The range is 750-850, which is related to the wavelength emitted by the corresponding emission tube.
The scattered light intensity ratio threshold value THLAnd THHDetermined by previously setting smoke particles of known median size in a laboratory environment.
4. A forward and backward combined dual wavelength dispersive fire smoke detection method according to claim 3, wherein: threshold value TH of scattered light intensity ratioLThe value is 0.4-0.6, and the scattered light intensity ratio threshold value THHThe value range is 1.4-1.8.
step 4.1, when the median diameter of the particles is less than a constant value d1While the forward emission tube 2 emits a scattering intensity p of blue lightB＝pBF-pBFIf p isBGreater than a set threshold THFBThen, thenWhen the alarm concentration is reached, a smoke concentration alarm is sent out; otherwise, the smoke concentration alarm is not sent out.
Step 4.2, when the median diameter of the smoke particles is larger than a constant value d2While the forward emission tube 2 emits a scattering intensity p of red lightR＝pRF-pRFDIf p isRGreater than a set threshold THFRIf the alarm concentration is reached, the smoke concentration alarm is sent out; otherwise, the smoke concentration alarm is not sent out.
Step 4.3, when the median diameter of the smoke particles is between a constant value d1And a constant value d2In the meantime, whether the smoke reaches the alarm concentration is judged by the combination of the scattering intensity of the red light and the blue light emitted by the forward emitting tube 2, and the combined scattering intensity p is pB+m*pRAnd if p is greater than the set combined threshold TH, the alarm concentration is reached, and a smoke concentration alarm is sent out, wherein m is a correction factor, and the value range of the correction factor m is 0.3-0.8. .
Step 4.4, when the median diameter of the smoke particles is far larger than d2While the forward emission tube 2 emits a scattering intensity p of red lightR＝pRF-pRFDIf p isRGreater than a set saturation threshold THFR'If the alarm concentration is reached, the smoke concentration alarm is sent out; otherwise, the smoke concentration alarm is not sent out.
The threshold THFBThreshold THFRCombined threshold TH and saturation threshold THFR'The four thresholds correspond to four different average particle diameters, in this embodiment, the four thresholds are set according to alarm time and concentration requirements required by national standards, according to 4 typical experimental fires and 2 interference sources (water vapor and 1um particulate matter) defined in GB20517-2006, and change curves of forward and backward and red and blue light heat dissipation intensities in the 4 experimental fires and the 2 interference sources are recorded.
With respect to the above threshold, one example of the present invention is to make the photo-converted current of the receiving tube 4 flow through a precision resistor (usually 1 mega ohm), measure the current by measuring the voltage difference between two ends of the resistor, and then amplify the weak voltage value, usually 30-60 times, according to the performance of different receiving tubes 4,then a set threshold value, threshold THFRA value of about 0.2V and a threshold THFBThe value is about 0.1V (generally 0.08-0.12V), the combined threshold TH is generally about 0.15V (generally 0.13-0.18V), and the saturation threshold THFR'About 0.6V, generally between 0.4 and 0.8V.
Claims (11)
1. A fire smoke detection method of dual wavelength dispersion combined with forward and backward is characterized in that a light wave receiver and two light wave transmitters are arranged in a detection cavity, each light wave transmitter is a transmitting tube capable of transmitting light waves with red and blue wavelengths, the light wave receiver is a receiving tube capable of receiving corresponding wavelengths, and an included angle between one transmitting tube and the receiver is an acute angle and is a forward transmitting tube; the included angle between the other transmitting tube and the receiver is more than 120 degrees, and the other transmitting tube is a backward transmitting tube, and the fire smoke detection method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, under the smokeless condition, sequentially starting two transmitting tubes, wherein each transmitting tube respectively transmits red and blue light waves, and when the transmitting tubes transmit blue light, the bottom current intensity detected by a receiving tube is recorded as pBBDWhen the red light is emitted to the transmitting tube, the intensity of the bottom current detected by the receiving tube is recorded as pRBDWhen the forward transmitting tube transmits blue light, the intensity of the bottom current detected by the receiving tube is recorded as pBFDWhen the forward transmitting tube transmits red light, the intensity of the bottom current detected by the receiving tube is recorded as pRFD；
Step 2, in the smoke detection environment, opening the backward emission tube at intervals of T, sequentially emitting blue light and red light, recording the receiving intensity of the receiving tube, and recording the receiving intensity as pBBAnd pRB(ii) a The intensity of reception of the receiver tube, denoted p, is recorded immediately after the forward-emitting tube has been switched on, likewise after the blue light has been emitted and the red light has been emittedBFAnd pRF；
Step 3, the scattering power of the backward transmitting tube with uniform power is used for judging the median particle size of the smoke, and two thresholds are respectively a constant value d1And a constant value d2Wherein d is1<d2；
Step 4,The forward transmitting tube with strong scattering power is used for judging the scattering intensity threshold value, and when the median particle size of the smoke is smaller than a constant value d1Judging whether the alarm smoke concentration is reached or not by using the blue light scattering intensity threshold of the forward emission tube;
when the median diameter of the smoke particles is greater than a constant value d2Judging whether the alarm concentration is reached or not by the scattering intensity of red light emitted by the forward emitting tube;
when the median diameter of the smoke particles is between the constant value d1And a constant value d2And in the meantime, whether the smoke reaches the alarm concentration or not is judged by the combination of the scattering intensity of the red light and the blue light emitted by the forward emitting tube.
2. A forward and backward combined dual wavelength dispersive fire smoke detection method according to claim 1 in which:
the specific judgment method for the median particle size of the smoke in the step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, calculating the scattering ratio of the backward emission tube after emitting blue light and red light
Defining a scattered light intensity ratio threshold THLAnd THH；
Step 3.2, if N is less than THLThen the median particle diameter of the smoke particles is known to be less than the constant value d1；
Step 3.3, if THL≤N≤THHThen, the median diameter of the smoke particles is known to be at a constant value d1And a constant value d2To (c) to (d);
step 3.4, if N > THHThe median particle diameter of the aerosol particles is then greater than the constant value d2；
Step 3.5, if N > THHThen, it means that the median diameter of the smoke particles is far greater than the constant value d2There is a large particle disturbance.
3. A method of forward and backward combined dual wavelength dispersive fire smoke detection according to claim 2,the method is characterized in that: the scattered light intensity ratio threshold value THLAnd THHDetermined by previously setting smoke particles of known median size in a laboratory environment.
4. A forward and backward combined dual wavelength dispersive fire smoke detection method according to claim 3, wherein: threshold value TH of scattered light intensity ratioLThe value is 0.4-0.6, and the scattered light intensity ratio threshold value THHThe value range is 1.4-1.8.
5. A forward and backward combined dual wavelength dispersive fire smoke detection method according to claim 2, wherein: in the step 4, when the median diameter of the particles is less than the constant value d1While the forward emission tube emits a scattering intensity p of blue lightB＝pBF-pBFDIf p isBGreater than a set threshold THFBIf the alarm concentration is reached, the smoke concentration alarm is sent out; otherwise, the smoke concentration alarm is not sent out.
6. A combined forward and backward dual wavelength dispersive fire smoke detection method according to claim 5 in which: in the step 4, when the median diameter of the smoke particles is larger than a constant value d2The forward emission tube emits the scattering intensity p of red lightR＝pRF-pRFDIf p isRGreater than a set threshold THFRIf the alarm concentration is reached, the smoke concentration alarm is sent out; otherwise, the smoke concentration alarm is not sent out;
when the median diameter of the smoke particles is much greater than d2When it is, p is judgedRWhether or not it is greater than the saturation threshold THFR'If the smoke concentration is greater than the alarm concentration, the alarm of the smoke concentration is sent out; otherwise, the smoke concentration alarm is not sent out.
7. A combined forward and backward dual wavelength dispersive fire smoke detection method according to claim 6 in which: in the step 4, when the median diameter of the smoke particles isBetween constant values d1And a constant value d2In the meantime, whether the smoke reaches the alarm concentration is judged by the combination of the scattering intensity of the red light and the blue light emitted by the forward emitting tube, and the combined scattering intensity p is pB+m*pRAnd if p is greater than the set combined threshold TH, the alarm concentration is reached, and a smoke concentration alarm is sent out, wherein m is a correction factor.
8. A combined forward and backward dual wavelength dispersive fire smoke detection method according to claim 7 in which: the threshold THFBThreshold THFRSaturation threshold THFR'And the combined threshold TH is set by laboratory measurement according to the alarm time and concentration required by national standard.
9. A combined forward and backward dual wavelength dispersive fire smoke detection method according to claim 7 in which: the value range of the correction factor m is 0.3-0.8.
10. A method of forward and backward combined dual wavelength dispersive fire smoke detection according to any of claims 1 to 8 in which: constant value d1The range is 350-450nm, and the constant value d2The range is 750-850.
11. The utility model provides a fire smoke detector of preceding dual wavelength dispersion that combines with backward, is including surveying the cavity, its characterized in that: the smoke alarm device is characterized in that a light wave receiver and two light wave transmitters are arranged in the detection cavity, each light wave transmitter is a transmitting tube capable of transmitting light waves with two wavelengths of red and blue, the light wave receiver is a receiving tube capable of receiving light waves with corresponding wavelengths, and an included angle between one transmitting tube and the receiver is an acute angle and is a forward transmitting tube, and the forward transmitting tube is used for judging a scattering intensity threshold value so as to judge whether smoke alarm is carried out or not; and the included angle between the other transmitting tube and the receiver is more than 120 degrees, and the other transmitting tube is a backward transmitting tube and is used for judging the median particle size of the smoke.
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| CN112384784A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-02-19 | 香港应用科技研究院有限公司 | Multi-wavelength scattering-based smoke detection system and method using multi-dimensional index monitoring |
| CN112461722A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-09 | 天津航空机电有限公司 | Smoke particle identification method and system based on temperature compensation and vehicle |
| CN112798482A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-14 | 联雨科技(天津)有限公司 | PM2.5 and PM10 estimation method based on satellite remote sensing |
| CN112991666A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-18 | 三明学院 | Fire smoke detector, smoke chamber thereof and anti-interference smoke detection method |
| CN113223265A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-08-06 | 青岛鼎信通讯消防安全有限公司 | Multi-scene smoke detector based on bidirectional blue light detection and self-adaptive identification method |
| CN115015072A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-06 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Fire smoke detection method and device and electronic equipment |
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