CN113805219A - Radionuclides60Co detection method and detection system - Google Patents
Radionuclides60Co detection method and detection system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a radionuclide60Co detection method and detection system. Wherein the radionuclide60The Co radiation generates gamma rays, and the detection method comprises the following steps: when no object to be measured exists, monitoring and determining multiple groups of background counts of gamma rays of the background in real time; determining a first alarm threshold according to the plurality of groups of background counts; measuring the object to be measured and determining a gamma ray count of the object to be measured when the object to be measured is present; comparing the count of the object to a first alarm threshold to determine the presence of radionuclides in the object60And (3) Co. The invention can dynamically update the background count in real time by monitoring the background in real time, thereby ensuring the real-time dynamic update of the first alarm threshold value along with the fluctuation of the background, improving the detection precision and realizing the rapid and accurate detection of the radionuclide by the detection method of the invention60Co。
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of radioactivity monitoring, in particular to a radionuclide60Co detection method and detection system.
Background
Radionuclides60Co can spontaneously radiate gamma rays with stronger penetrating power and is often used as a radioactive tracerAdding to some research objects with stronger concealment to track the research objects. In order not to affect other properties of the subject, radioactivity60Co tracer addition tends to be minimal, which gives radioactivity60The tracking of the Co tracer poses certain difficulties. At present, radioactivity is generally detected by a radioactivity detection system (such as a plastic scintillator, etc.)60Co nuclide is detected, however, the detection precision and sensitivity of the existing detection system are low, and the detection system is difficult to detect trace radionuclide60And detecting by Co.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radionuclide60Detection method of Co, wherein the radionuclide60The Co radiation generates gamma rays, and the detection method comprises the following steps: when no object to be measured exists, monitoring and determining multiple groups of background counts of gamma rays of the background in real time; determining a first alarm threshold according to the plurality of groups of background counts; measuring the object to be measured and determining a gamma ray count of the object to be measured when the object to be measured is present; comparing the count of the object to a first alarm threshold to determine the presence of radionuclides in the object60Co。
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radionuclide60Detection system of Co, wherein the radionuclide60The Co radiation produces gamma rays, the detection system comprising: the detection units are used for monitoring the background in real time and obtaining a plurality of groups of measurement data of the background, measuring the object to be measured and obtaining the measurement data of the object to be measured; a data acquisition unit configured to: receiving multiple sets of measurement data of the background and measurement data of a measured object from the plurality of detection units; determining a plurality of groups of background counts of gamma rays of the background according to the plurality of groups of measurement data of the background, and determining the counts of the gamma rays of the object to be measured according to the measurement data of the object to be measured; a data processing unit in communicative connection with the data acquisition unit, the data processing unit configured to: determining a first alarm threshold according to the plurality of groups of background counts; comparing the count of the object under test with the first alarm threshold to determine the object under testPresence of radionuclides in an object60Co。
Drawings
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and may help to provide a full understanding of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a radionuclide according to one embodiment of the invention60A flow chart of a detection method of Co;
FIG. 2 is a radionuclide according to another embodiment of the present invention60A flow chart of a detection method of Co;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention60The change curve of the count and the background count of the Co standard radioactive point source gamma-ray along with the discrimination threshold value;
FIG. 4 is a radionuclide according to one embodiment of the invention60A block diagram of a detection system for Co;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a detailed structure of the detecting unit in FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a detailed block diagram of the detector in fig. 5.
It is noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale and are merely illustrative in nature and not intended to obscure the reader.
Description of reference numerals:
100. a detection unit; 110. a detector; 111. a plastic scintillator; 112. a photomultiplier tube; 113. a voltage dividing circuit; 120. an amplifying circuit; 130. a discrimination circuit; 131. a first discrimination circuit; 132. a second discrimination circuit; 133. a third discrimination circuit; 140. a shaping circuit;
200. a data acquisition unit; 300. a data processing unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the present application will be described below in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. It should be apparent that the described embodiment is one embodiment of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the application without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the application.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. If the description "first", "second", etc. is referred to throughout, the description of "first", "second", etc. is used only for distinguishing similar objects, and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance, order or number of technical features indicated, it being understood that the data described in "first", "second", etc. may be interchanged where appropriate. If "and/or" is presented throughout, it is meant to include three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" and including either scheme A, or scheme B, or schemes in which both A and B are satisfied. Furthermore, spatially relative terms, such as "above," "below," "top," "bottom," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's spatial relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures, and should be understood to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
Radionuclides60Co can spontaneously radiate gamma rays with stronger penetrating power, and the rays with the energy have the characteristics of no influence of any environmental factors, no fear of closure or shielding and the like, so that the Co is often used as a radioactive tracer to be added into some research objects with stronger concealment so as to track the research objects. In order not to affect other properties of the object under investigation60Co is often added in very small amounts as a radiotracer, which gives rise to radionuclides60The tracking of Co poses certain difficulties. Thus, the present invention is directed to trace amounts of radionuclides60Co, to provide a probe capable of realizing rapid and accurate detection of a radionuclide60Detection method of Co.
FIG. 1 shows a radionuclide according to one embodiment of the invention60Flow chart of the detection method of Co. As shown in FIG. 1, the detection method in this embodiment hasThe method comprises the following steps.
And step S110, when no object to be detected exists, monitoring and determining multiple groups of background counts of the gamma rays of the background in real time.
To eliminate the interference of gamma rays in the background, this embodiment first monitors the background in the absence of the object to be measured and determines the background count of gamma rays for the background. In this embodiment, a detector, such as a scintillator detector, may be used to detect the background. Specifically, the gamma rays of the background may be detected when the object to be measured is not present in the detection range of the detector. In this embodiment, a plurality of detectors may be used to simultaneously monitor the background in real time to obtain a plurality of background counts, thereby reducing errors and improving the accuracy of background counts.
Since the gamma-rays in the background will vary with environmental factors, the background count will also vary with environmental factors. In this embodiment, the background is monitored in real time, so that the background count can be dynamically updated, it is ensured that no false alarm occurs when the background count is raised due to environmental factors, and it is ensured that the first alarm threshold determined according to the background count can be dynamically updated in real time along with the fluctuation of the background count.
And step S120, determining a first alarm threshold according to the plurality of groups of background counts.
In this embodiment, the first alarm threshold can be determined only by obtaining multiple sets of background counts, so that the detection time can be reduced, and the detection efficiency can be improved.
Specifically, the first alarm threshold may be determined by a sigma statistical algorithm, that is, the first alarm threshold is determined according to the average value and the standard deviation of the plurality of sets of background counts. The specific determination formula of the first alarm threshold is as follows:
Nth＝Nb+ m sigma equation (1)
Wherein N isthIs the first alarm threshold, NbIs the average value of multiple groups of background counts, sigma is the standard deviation of the multiple groups of background counts, and m is the multiple of the standard deviation.
In this embodiment, m may be set according to an actually required false alarm rate, and when m is larger, the confidence of the detection system is higher, and the false alarm rate is lower.
Step S130, when the object to be measured exists, measuring the object to be measured and determining a count of gamma rays of the object to be measured.
In this embodiment, a detector, such as a scintillator detector, may be used to detect the object to be detected. Specifically, gamma rays of the background may be detected when an object to be measured is present within the detection range of the detector. For example, the detector is provided in a detection channel in which a position detection section is provided to detect the position of the object to be measured in real time. When the object to be measured is detected to be positioned at the inlet of the detection channel, the detector starts to measure the object to be measured; when the detected object is detected to be positioned at the outlet of the detection channel, the detector stops measuring the detected object.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the multiple detectors may be adopted to measure the measured object at the same time, so as to obtain multiple sets of counts of the measured object, where the count is an average value of the multiple sets of counts obtained by the multiple detectors, so that an error may be reduced, and the accuracy of the count of the measured object may be improved.
Step S140, comparing the count of the object to be measured with the first alarm threshold to determine the presence of radionuclide in the object to be measured60Co。
After the count of the object to be measured is determined, the count of the object to be measured can be compared with the first alarm threshold, and when the count is greater than the first alarm threshold, the radionuclide in the object to be measured is judged to be present60And (3) Co. Optionally, when the presence of a radionuclide in the test object is determined60Co, an alarm may be provided, for example, by sounding, or sounding an alarm, to indicate the presence of a radionuclide in the object being tested60Co。
In this embodiment, the gamma rays may be detected with a detector, such as a plastic scintillator detector. The detector interacts with the incident gamma rays and can output an electrical signal. After the electric signals output by the detector are subjected to amplification, voltage amplitude comparison and other processing, a plurality of groups of background counts of the background can be determined when the background is monitored and the count of the measured object is determined when the measured object is measured based on the processed electric signals.
Specifically, the electrical signal output from the detector may be amplified by an amplifying circuit. And then, comparing the voltage amplitude of the amplified electric signal through a discrimination circuit, and outputting a TTL pulse signal when the voltage amplitude is larger than a discrimination threshold value set in the discrimination circuit. In addition, the output TTL pulse signal can be shaped by a shaping circuit and then a standard TTL pulse signal with consistent pulse amplitude and pulse width is output. And determining the background count or the count of the measured object according to the number of the TTL pulse signals or the standard TTL signals.
The embodiment determines a first alarm threshold by multiple sets of background counts and determines the radionuclide in the object to be measured according to the relationship between the counts of the object to be measured and the first alarm threshold60Presence of Co. When the count of the object to be measured is larger than the first alarm threshold value, triggering total count alarm, and further determining that the radionuclide exists in the object to be measured60And (3) Co. By adopting the method of the embodiment, the detection time can be reduced, and the detection efficiency can be improved. In addition, the embodiment monitors the background in real time, and can dynamically update the background count in real time, so as to ensure the real-time dynamic update of the first alarm threshold value along with the fluctuation of the background, thereby improving the detection precision. The detection method of the embodiment can realize the rapid and accurate detection of the radionuclide60Co。
In order to further reduce the interference of the natural background, the invention can also deduct the interference of the high-energy gamma-ray and part of the low-energy gamma-ray in the natural background through an energy window algorithm. The energy window algorithm is to set different windows for gamma ray detected by the detector according to energy and to identify artificial radionuclide by comparing counts in different energy windows60And (3) Co. The energy window can be set by setting a discrimination threshold in the discrimination circuit.
FIG. 2 shows a radionuclide according to another embodiment of the invention60Flow chart of the detection method of Co. As shown in fig. 2, the detection method of the present embodiment specifically includes the following steps.
And step S210, when no measured object exists, monitoring and determining multiple groups of background counts of the gamma rays of the background in real time.
Step S220, determining a first alarm threshold according to the plurality of groups of background counts.
Step S230, when the object to be measured exists, measuring the object to be measured and determining a count of gamma rays of the object to be measured.
Step S240, comparing the count of the object to be measured with a first alarm threshold to determine the presence of radionuclide in the object to be measured60Co。
Steps S210 to S240 are the same as steps S110 to S240 in the above implementation, and are not described herein again.
It should be noted that the gamma rays radiated by different radiation sources have different energies, and therefore, in this embodiment, the gamma rays include gamma rays of a plurality of different energy segments, and when the background or the object to be measured is measured, the count of the gamma rays is the sum of the counts of the plurality of energy segments. When determining the count or background count of the object to be measured, interference of the count of natural high-energy gamma rays and part of low-energy gamma rays in the measured gamma ray count needs to be deducted. In particular, the plurality of energy segments comprises at least: a first energy segment and a second energy segment. Wherein the first energy segment is above the radionuclide241Am energy lower than that of radionuclide60The energy segment of Co energy is higher than that of radionuclide60Energy section of Co energy. Wherein the energy segment is an energy range.
Step S250, according to the ratio of the first energy segment count and the second energy segment count of the object to be measured, determining the radionuclide in the object to be measured60Whether Co is an artificial radionuclide60Co。
In step S250, specifically, the count ratio variation parameter of the object to be measured may be determined according to the ratio of the first energy segment count and the second energy segment count of the object to be measuredAnd (4) counting. And comparing the count ratio change parameter with a second alarm threshold to determine the presence of an artificial radionuclide in the object under test60Co。
Wherein the second alarm threshold may be determined according to a ratio of the first energy segment count of the background to the second energy segment count of the background.
It should be noted that the first energy interval count of the measured object and the second energy interval count of the measured object are the first energy interval count and the second energy interval count obtained when the measured object is measured. The first energy segment count of the background and the second energy segment count of the background are the first energy segment count and the second energy segment count obtained when the background is measured.
In this embodiment, a plastic scintillator detector may be employed for detection. Because the distribution of the amplitude pulse is almost unchanged when the natural gamma radiation background acts with the plastic scintillator detector, the artificial radioactive source contributes greatly to the low energy section of the amplitude pulse distribution, while the natural radioactive source contributes greatly to the high energy section of the amplitude pulse distribution. Therefore, after the counting ratio of the different energy segments is processed, the pulse distribution of the artificial radionuclide and the natural radionuclide detected by the plastic scintillator detector can be obviously distinguished, so that whether the artificial radionuclide exists in the object to be detected or not can be determined60Co。
In the embodiment, an energy window counting ratio alarm method is adopted, and the second alarm threshold value is dynamically determined according to the fluctuation of the counts of different energy sections of the background, so that the interference of the natural background, such as the interference of natural gamma rays, is further reduced, and the artificial radionuclide can be further realized60Co and improve the detection accuracy.
In this embodiment, the following equation (2) may be used to determine the second alarm threshold according to the fluctuation of the background first energy level count and the second energy level count.
Wherein, TEWA second alarm threshold; b isLCounting a first energy segment of a background; b isHCounting for a second energy segment of the background; kpIs a predetermined coefficient, KpDetermined by the confidence level of the detection system. KpThe settings may be made according to a desired level of confidence.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a plurality of detectors may be used to simultaneously perform real-time monitoring on the background to obtain a plurality of sets of background counts, a first energy level count of the background, and a second energy level count of the background, so that an error may be reduced, and accuracy of the background count may be improved. Further, the first energy segment count of the background may be an average of a plurality of sets of counts of the first energy segment obtained when the background is measured, and the second energy segment count of the background may be an average of a plurality of sets of counts of the second energy segment obtained when the background is measured.
According to the embodiment, the second alarm threshold is set by the method, so that the interference of high-energy rays, low-energy rays and the like in the natural background is removed, and the detection sensitivity is effectively improved.
Further, the following formula (3) may be used to determine a variation parameter of the ratio value of the first energy section and the second energy section of the object to be measured.
Wherein R iscAs a parameter varying the count ratio of the object to be measured, NLCounting a first energy segment of the object to be measured, NHAnd counting the second energy section of the measured object.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a plurality of detectors may be used to measure the measured object at the same time, and a plurality of sets of counts of the measured object, the first energy band count of the measured object, and the second energy band count of the measured object may be obtained, so that the error may be reduced, and the accuracy of the measured object count may be improved. Furthermore, the first energy segment count of the object to be measured is an average value of a plurality of sets of counts of the first energy segment obtained when the object to be measured is measured, and the second energy segment count of the object to be measured is an average value of a plurality of sets of counts of the second energy segment obtained when the object to be measured is measured.
In the present embodiment, the parameter R is varied by comparing the count ratiocAnd a second alarm threshold TEWTo determine the presence of artificial radionuclides in the subject60And (3) Co. Specifically, if the count ratio change parameter is greater than a second alarm threshold, i.e., Rc＞TEWDetermining the presence of the artificial radionuclide in the test object60Co。
When the presence of an artificial radionuclide in the object to be measured is determined60And when Co is used, alarm prompt can be performed. For example, by emitting an alarm signal by means of an acoustic or optical alarm or the like, to indicate the presence of an artificial radionuclide in the object to be measured60Co。
The embodiment adopts a method combining a total counting alarm method and an energy window alarm method, and can realize the purpose of trace radionuclide60Co is quickly discovered and identified, the detection sensitivity is improved, and the false alarm rate and the missing report rate of the detection result are reduced.
Further, when determining the count in the first energy segment or the second energy segment, the count below the radionuclide can be deducted by setting two discrimination thresholds of high and low241Am background interference of energy, and, above that of radionuclides60Background interference of Co energy.
In this embodiment, the radionuclide may be identified based on the radionuclide241Am, setting a first screening threshold value, wherein the first screening threshold value is used for obtaining the energy higher than the radionuclide241And (4) counting of gamma rays of Am energy.
Specifically, the first discrimination threshold may be based on241And respectively determining the counting rate of the gamma rays of the Am standard radioactive point source and the background counting rate along a change curve of the discrimination threshold value. For example, will241Am standard radioactive point source is placed at a preset distance from a detector for measurement, and a calibrator is utilized to discriminate a threshold interval of 50mV241Am standard radioactive point source is used for making a counting rate change curve, and then,comparison241And setting a discrimination threshold value when the count rate change curve of the Am standard radioactive point source and the background count rate change curve coincide with each other as a first discrimination threshold value. Wherein, the counting rate refers to the counting in unit time.
In this embodiment, since the electrical signals output by the detector when detecting gamma rays with different energies have different voltage amplitudes, the electrical signals output by the detector may be subjected to voltage amplitude comparison by the discriminator circuit to obtain counts of different energy segments.
For example, a first discrimination circuit is provided, which is provided with the first discrimination threshold, and the first discrimination circuit compares the voltage amplitude of the input electrical signal with the first discrimination threshold. When the voltage amplitude of the input electric signal is larger than a first discrimination threshold, outputting a TTL pulse signal; otherwise, the TTL pulse signal is not output. Wherein, the number of output TTL pulse signals is higher than the radionuclide241And (4) counting of gamma rays of Am energy.
Also, in the present embodiment, the radionuclide may be identified based on the radionuclide60Co energy, setting a second screening threshold value, wherein the second screening threshold value is used for obtaining energy higher than the radionuclide60Gamma ray count of Co energy.
In particular, the second discrimination threshold may be based on60The counting rate of the gamma rays of the Co standard radioactive point source and the background counting rate are respectively determined along with a change curve of a discrimination threshold value. For example, will60Co standard radioactive point source is placed at a preset distance from a detector for measurement, and a calibrator is used for discriminating the pair with the threshold interval of 50mV60The Co standard radioactive point source is used as a counting rate change curve, and the energy height characteristic of the counting rate change curve along with the change of the discrimination domain value can be reflected. Then, compare60And setting a discrimination threshold value when the count rate change curve of the Co standard radioactive point source and the background count rate change curve coincide with each other as a second discrimination threshold value. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in accordance with the invention60And (3) a curve of the counting rate and the background counting rate of the Co standard radioactive point source gamma-ray along with the change of the discrimination threshold value. As shown in the figure3, when the discrimination threshold is 1000mV,60the count rate of the Co standard radioactive point source coincides with the background, therefore, the second discrimination threshold is set to 1000 mV.
In this embodiment, a second discrimination circuit may be further provided, where the second discrimination circuit is provided with the second discrimination threshold, and the second discrimination circuit compares the voltage amplitude of the input electrical signal with the second discrimination threshold. When the voltage amplitude of the input electric signal is larger than a second discrimination threshold, outputting a TTL pulse signal; otherwise, the TTL pulse signal is not output. Wherein, the number of output TTL pulse signals is higher than the radionuclide60And (4) counting the Co energy.
Further, according to the first screening threshold and the second screening threshold, the first energy segment count of the background or the first energy segment count of the object to be measured can be determined. Specifically, based on the number of TTL pulse signals output when the voltage amplitude of the electrical signal is greater than the first discrimination threshold and less than the second discrimination threshold, a first energy segment count of a background or a first energy segment count of the object to be measured may be determined, specifically, a difference between the number of TTL pulse signals output after the electrical signal passes through the first discrimination circuit and the number of TTL pulse signals output after the electrical signal passes through the second discrimination circuit.
In addition, a second energy band count of the background or a second energy band count of the object under test can be determined based on the second discrimination threshold. Specifically, a second energy segment background count or a second energy segment count of the object to be measured is determined based on the number of TTL pulse signals output when the voltage amplitude of the electrical signal is greater than the second discrimination threshold.
Specifically, when measuring the object to be measured, a count of the object to be measured may be acquired. Meanwhile, the first energy section count of the measured object and the second energy section count of the measured object can be determined by setting the first discrimination threshold and the second discrimination threshold. It should be noted that, after the first discrimination threshold and the second discrimination threshold are set, the count of the measured object is the count of the first energy segment of the measured object.
Likewise, when monitoring the background in real time, a background count of the background may be collected. Meanwhile, the first energy segment count of the background and the second energy segment count of the background can be determined by setting the first discrimination threshold and the second discrimination threshold. It should be noted that, after the first discrimination threshold and the second discrimination threshold are set, the background count is the first energy segment count of the background. In this embodiment, the background count, the first energy segment count of the background, and the second energy segment count of the background may be dynamically updated as a result of real-time monitoring of the background.
In this embodiment, a third screening circuit may be further provided. The third screening circuit may be a reserved screening circuit, and is used for screening the gamma ray of the third energy band. Wherein the third energy segment may be the energy of gamma rays radiated by other radionuclides. When other radionuclides need to be measured, the third screening threshold of the third screening circuit can be set according to actual needs to obtain the count of the gamma rays of the third energy band. For example, when it is desired to measure radionuclides241Removal of more than Am energy60For other radionuclides than Co, a third threshold may be set based on the energy of the other radionuclide that needs to be measured, thereby subtracting interference from counts higher than the energy of the other radionuclide.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first discrimination circuit, the second discrimination circuit, and/or the third discrimination circuit may also remove electronic noise in the electrical signal output by the detector, so as to improve the detection sensitivity of the detection apparatus.
In another aspect of the invention, a radionuclide is also provided60Detection system of Co. Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of a detection system according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 4, the detection system of the present embodiment includes a plurality of detection units 100, a data acquisition unit 200, and a data processing unit 300.
In this embodiment, a plurality of the detecting units 100 are used to monitor the background in real time and obtain a plurality of sets of measurement data of the background, and measure the object to be measured and obtain the measurement data of the object to be measured. The background or the measured object is measured by the plurality of detection units simultaneously to obtain a plurality of groups of measurement data, so that the error can be reduced, and the accuracy of subsequent acquisition and counting is improved. The number of the detection units may be set according to actual needs, for example, four detection units may be set.
Since the gamma-rays in the background will vary with environmental factors, the background count will also vary with environmental factors. In the embodiment, the detector monitors the background in real time, can dynamically update the background count, ensures that false alarm cannot be generated when the background count is raised due to environmental factors, ensures that the first alarm threshold determined according to the background count can be dynamically updated in real time along with the fluctuation of the background count, and reduces the false alarm rate of the detection system.
The data acquisition unit 200 is configured to receive the plurality of sets of measurement data of the background and the measurement data of the object under test from the plurality of detection units 100, and determine a plurality of sets of background counts of gamma rays of the background from the plurality of sets of measurement data of the background, and determine a count of gamma rays of the object under test from the measurement data of the object under test.
The data processing unit 300 is communicatively coupled to the data acquisition unit 200, the data processing unit 300 is configured to determine a first alarm threshold based on the plurality of sets of background counts, and compare the count of the object under test to the first alarm threshold to determine the presence of a radionuclide in the object under test60Co。
The data acquisition unit acquires the background count or the count of the measured object and transmits the acquired count to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit can determine the first alarm threshold value only by acquiring a plurality of groups of background counts, so that the detection time can be shortened, and the detection efficiency can be improved.
In this embodiment, the data processing unit 300 may be disposed in a computer. The computer receives the count collected by the data collection unit 200, analyzes and calculates the count, and realizes whether the measured object is stored or notIn the presence of radionuclides60And (5) judging Co. The data acquisition unit 200 may transmit the acquired count to the computer through wired communication or wireless communication, for example, through ethernet.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the detection unit 100 includes a detector 110, an amplification circuit 120, and at least one discrimination circuit 130.
The detector 110 is used to monitor the background in real time and output measurement data of the background, and to measure the object to be measured and output the measurement data of the object to be measured. In particular, the detector 110 comprises a scintillator detector, for example a plastic scintillator detector. The measurement data in this embodiment is an electrical signal output by a plastic scintillator detector.
The amplifying circuit 120 is connected to the detector 110. The amplifying circuit 120 may amplify the electrical signal output from the detector 110.
The at least one discrimination circuit 130 is connected to the amplifying circuit 120, and configured to compare the amplified voltage amplitude of the electrical signal with a discrimination threshold of the discrimination circuit, and output a TTL pulse signal according to a comparison result. The data acquisition unit 200 is configured to receive the TTL pulse signals from the detection unit 100 and determine a count according to the number of the TTL pulse signals. For example, in monitoring the background, the data acquisition unit 200 determines the plurality of sets of background counts according to the number of received TTL pulse signals. When measuring the object to be measured, the data acquisition unit 200 determines the count of the object to be measured according to the number of the received TTL pulse signals.
In the embodiment, the discrimination circuit is arranged in the detection unit, so that electronic noise of an electric signal output by the detector can be removed, the discrimination circuit is provided with a discrimination threshold, and interference of some rays in a natural background can be deducted after the electric signal is subjected to voltage amplitude comparison processing by the discrimination circuit.
In this embodiment, the detection unit 100 may further include a shaping circuit 140. The shaping circuit 140 is connected to the output end of the discriminator circuit 130, and can shape the TTL pulse signal output by the discriminator circuit 130 to output a standard TTL pulse signal. Wherein, the standard TTL pulse signal has consistent pulse amplitude and pulse width. The data acquisition unit 200 may receive the standard TTL pulse signals output by the shaping circuit 140, and determine a count according to the number of the standard TTL pulse signals.
In the embodiment, the shaping circuit 140 is used for shaping the pulse signal to output the standard pulse signal with consistent pulse amplitude and pulse width, so that the data acquisition unit can acquire and process the standard pulse signal conveniently.
In this embodiment, the data processing unit 300 is configured to determine the first alarm threshold based on the mean and standard deviation of the plurality of sets of background counts. Specifically, the data processing unit 300 may calculate the first alarm threshold value by the following formula (1).
Nth＝Nb+ m sigma equation (1)
Wherein N isthIs the first alarm threshold, NbIs the average value of multiple groups of background counts, sigma is the standard deviation of the multiple groups of background counts, and m is the multiple of the standard deviation.
In this embodiment, m may be set according to an actually required false alarm rate, and when m is larger, the confidence of the detection system is higher, and the false alarm rate of the detection system is lower.
The detector monitors the background in real time, so that the data processing unit can also dynamically update the first alarm threshold value according to the fluctuation of the background count, and the false alarm is avoided when the background count is increased.
It should be noted that the gamma rays radiated by different radiation sources have different energies, in this embodiment, the gamma rays include gamma rays of a plurality of different energy segments, and further, the count of the gamma rays is the sum of the counts of the plurality of energy segments. In particular, the plurality of energy segments comprises at least: a first energy segment and a second energy segment. Wherein the first energy segment is above the radionuclide241Am energy lower than that of radionuclide60The energy segment of Co energy is higher than that of radionuclide60Energy section of Co energy. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the energy segment is an energy range.
In order to further reduce the interference of the natural background, in some embodiments, the detection system may also subtract the interference of the high-energy gamma-rays and part of the low-energy gamma-rays in the natural background by an energy window alarm method.
In the embodiment, a plurality of different discrimination circuits are arranged, and each discrimination circuit is provided with a different discrimination threshold to deduct natural background interference, so that each energy section count of the background and each energy section count of the measured object are determined.
Specifically, the at least one screening circuit 130 includes a first screening circuit 131, and the first screening circuit 131 is provided with a first screening threshold. The first discrimination circuit 131 is configured to compare a voltage amplitude of the electrical signal output by the detector 110 with the first discrimination threshold, and output a TTL pulse signal when the voltage amplitude is greater than the first discrimination threshold. Wherein the first screening threshold is used to obtain energy higher than the radionuclide241And (4) counting of gamma rays of Am energy.
The at least one screening circuit 130 can also include a second screening circuit 132, the second screening circuit 132 being provided with a second screening threshold. The second discrimination circuit 132 is configured to compare a voltage amplitude of the electrical signal output by the detector 110 with the second discrimination threshold, and output a TTL pulse signal when the voltage amplitude is greater than the second discrimination threshold. Wherein the second screening threshold is used to obtain energy higher than the radionuclide60Gamma ray count of Co energy.
The first discrimination threshold and the second discrimination threshold may be set by using a determination method in the detection method, and details are not described here.
In this embodiment, the at least one screening circuit 130 also includes a third screening circuit 133. The third screening circuit 133 can be a reserved screening circuit for screening the gamma rays of the third energy band. Wherein the third energy segment may be the energy of gamma rays radiated by other radionuclides. When other radionuclides need to be measured, the measurement can be performed according to actual needsAnd setting a third screening threshold of the third screening circuit to obtain the count of the gamma rays of the third energy section. For example, when it is desired to measure radionuclides241Removal of more than Am energy60For other radionuclides than Co, a third threshold may be set based on the energy of the other radionuclide that needs to be measured, thereby subtracting interference from counts higher than the energy of the other radionuclide.
In addition, the voltage amplitude of the electronic noise in the electrical signal is low, and the first, second and third discrimination circuits can also remove the electronic noise in the electrical signal output by the detector.
Further, the data acquisition unit 200 may determine the first energy band count of the background or the first energy band count of the object to be measured based on the number of TTL pulse signals output when the voltage amplitude of the electrical signal output by the detector is greater than the first discrimination threshold and smaller than the second discrimination threshold.
In addition, the data acquisition unit 200 may further determine a second energy band count of the background or a second energy band count of the object to be measured based on the number of TTL pulse signals output when the voltage amplitude of the electrical signal output by the detector is greater than the second discrimination threshold.
Further, the data processing unit 300 is further configured to determine the radionuclide present in the object under test according to the ratio of the first energy segment count and the second energy segment count of the object under test60Whether Co is an artificial radionuclide60Co。
Because the distribution of the amplitude pulse is almost unchanged when the natural gamma radiation background acts with the plastic scintillator detector, the artificial radioactive source contributes greatly to the low energy section of the amplitude pulse distribution, while the natural radioactive source contributes greatly to the high energy section of the amplitude pulse distribution. Therefore, after the counting ratio of different energy segments is processed, the pulse distribution of the artificial radionuclide and the natural radionuclide detected by the plastic scintillator detector can be obviously distinguished, so that whether the artificial radionuclide exists in the object to be detected or not can be determined60Co。
Specifically, the data processing unit 300 first determines the second alarm threshold according to a ratio of the first energy segment count of the background to the second energy segment count of the background.
In this embodiment, the following formula (2) may be specifically adopted to calculate the second alarm threshold according to the fluctuation of the counts of the first energy segment and the second energy segment of the background.
Wherein, TEWA second alarm threshold; b isLCounting a first energy segment of a background; b isHCounting for a second energy segment of the background; kpIs a predetermined coefficient, KpDetermined by the confidence level of the detection system. KpThe settings may be made according to a desired level of confidence.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the multiple detection units 100 are adopted to simultaneously perform real-time monitoring on the background to obtain multiple sets of background counts, the first energy segment count of the background, and the second energy segment count of the background, so that the error can be reduced, and the accuracy of the background count can be improved. Thus, the first energy segment count for a background is an average of multiple sets of counts for the first energy segment obtained while measuring the background, and the second energy segment count for a background is an average of multiple sets of counts for the second energy segment obtained while measuring the background.
In addition, the second alarm threshold value can be dynamically updated according to the fluctuation of background count obtained by monitoring the background in real time, so that the false alarm rate of the detection system is reduced.
Next, the data processing unit 300 determines a count ratio variation parameter of the object to be measured according to a ratio of the first energy segment count and the second energy segment count of the object to be measured.
In this embodiment, the count ratio variation parameter is a variation parameter of a ratio between a first energy segment count of the object to be measured and a second energy segment count of the object to be measured, and may be specifically calculated by using the following formula (3).
Wherein R iscAs a parameter varying the count ratio of the object to be measured, NLCounting a first energy segment of the object to be measured, NHAnd counting the second energy section of the measured object.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a plurality of detection units may be used to measure the object to be measured simultaneously, and a plurality of sets of counts of the object to be measured, the first energy band count of the object to be measured, and the second energy band count of the object to be measured may be obtained, so that the error may be reduced, and the accuracy of the measured object count may be improved. Therefore, the first energy segment count of the object to be measured is an average value of a plurality of sets of counts of the first energy segment obtained by measuring the object to be measured, and the second energy segment count of the object to be measured is an average value of a plurality of sets of counts of the second energy segment obtained by measuring the object to be measured.
Finally, the data processing unit 300 compares the count ratio variation parameter RcAnd a second alarm threshold TEWTo determine the presence of artificial radionuclides in the test object60And (3) Co. If the count ratio variation parameter is larger than a second alarm threshold value, namely Rc＞TEWDetermining the presence of the artificial radionuclide in the test object60Co。
The interference of high-energy or low-energy rays in the natural background is reduced by arranging a plurality of discrimination circuits. And the data processing unit adopts a method of combining a total counting alarm method and an energy window alarm method, so that trace radionuclide can be detected60The rapid discovery and identification of Co improves the detection sensitivity and reduces the false alarm rate and the missing report rate of a detection system.
In this embodiment, the detection system may further include an alarm unit. The alarm unit receives the judgment result of the data processing unit 300, and when the data processing unit 300 determines that the artificial radionuclide exists in the object to be measured60And when Co is used, the alarm unit can give an alarm prompt. For example, the alarm unit may be an audible and visual alarm unit, and the detection system may control the audible and visual alarm unit to selectively emit audible and visual alarm information to indicate the presence of the artificial radionuclide in the object to be detected according to the determination result of the data processing unit 30060Co。
In this embodiment, the detector 110 may be a plastic scintillator detector. The plastic scintillator detector includes a plastic scintillator 111, a photomultiplier 112, and a voltage divider circuit 113. When the gamma rays enter the plastic scintillator 111, the plastic scintillator 111 may react with the incident gamma rays, and atoms or molecules of the plastic scintillator 111 are excited to generate fluorescence. And a photomultiplier 112 connected to the plastic scintillator 111, wherein the photomultiplier 112 is configured to convert fluorescence generated by the plastic scintillator 111 into photoelectrons and form an electrical signal. Specifically, the photomultiplier tube 112 is provided with a photosensitive layer, a multiplication stage, and an output collection stage. The fluorescence generated by the plastic scintillator 111 is incident on the photosensitive layer of the photomultiplier tube and forms photoelectrons, which can be multiplied directly or via a multiplier stage and then form an electrical signal for output by an output collector stage. The voltage dividing circuit 113 is connected to the photomultiplier 112 and configured to provide a high voltage to the photomultiplier 112, and specifically, the voltage dividing circuit 113 provides a high voltage to each multiplier stage in the photomultiplier 112.
The plastic scintillator used in this embodiment may be an annular bulk plastic scintillator for radionuclides60The lowest detection efficiency of Co can reach 24%.
In addition, a shielding structure can be arranged outside the detector, for example, iron, lead and the like are adopted to shield the detector, so that the interference of radiation in the environment on the detector is reduced. With the shielding arrangement, the background count detected by the detection system can be reduced by a factor of about 10.
In some embodiments, the detection system comprises a detection channel in which the detectors 110 of the plurality of detection units 100 are disposed.
In some embodiments, the detection system further comprises a transfer unit that can transfer the object to be measured into the detection channel to perform the measurement on the object to be measured. The conveying unit may include a conveyor belt and a motor, and the motor is configured to drive the conveyor belt to move so as to convey the object to be measured to the detection channel.
Furthermore, the transmission unit is also provided with a position detection part, and the position detection part is positioned in the detection channel and is used for detecting the position information of the detected object in real time. Specifically, the position detection portion includes at least two position sensors, and the two position sensors are respectively located at an inlet and an outlet of the detection channel to detect whether the object to be detected is located at the inlet or the outlet of the detection channel.
The detector 110 is configured to: when the position detection part detects that the object to be measured is positioned at the inlet, starting to measure the object to be measured; and when the position detecting section detects that the object to be measured is located at the outlet, the measurement of the object to be measured is stopped, so that the count of the object to be measured can be accurately determined.
It should also be noted that, in the case of the embodiments of the present invention, features of the embodiments and examples may be combined with each other to obtain a new embodiment without conflict.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present invention is subject to the scope of the claims.
Claims (32)
1. A radionuclide60Method for detecting Co, characterized in that said radionuclide60The Co radiation generates gamma rays, and the detection method comprises the following steps:
when no object to be measured exists, monitoring and determining multiple groups of background counts of gamma rays of the background in real time;
determining a first alarm threshold according to the plurality of groups of background counts;
measuring the object to be measured and determining a gamma ray count of the object to be measured when the object to be measured is present;
comparing the count of the object to a first alarm threshold to determine the presence of radionuclides in the object60Co。
2. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein the gamma rays are detected by a detector;
and after the electric signals output by the detector are amplified and compared in voltage amplitude, the multiple groups of background counts or the counts of the measured object are determined based on the processed electric signals.
3. The detection method according to claim 1,
and determining the first alarm threshold according to the average value and the standard deviation of the plurality of groups of background counts.
4. The detection method of claim 1, wherein the gamma rays comprise gamma rays of a plurality of different energy segments;
wherein the plurality of energy segments comprises at least: a first energy segment and a second energy segment; the first energy segment is above the radionuclide241Am energy lower than that of radionuclide60An energy section of Co energy; the second energy segment is above the radionuclide60Energy section of Co energy.
5. The detection method according to claim 4, wherein the count of the gamma ray is a sum of counts of a plurality of energy segments; the method further comprises the following steps:
determining the radionuclide present in the object to be measured according to the ratio of the first energy segment count and the second energy segment count of the object to be measured60Whether Co is an artificial radionuclide60Co。
6. A detection method according to claim 5,
determining a change parameter of the counting ratio of the measured object according to the ratio of the first energy section count and the second energy section count of the measured object;
comparing the count ratio variation parameter with a second alarm threshold to determine the presence of the artificial radionuclide in the subject60Co。
7. The detection method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
and determining the second alarm threshold according to the ratio of the first energy segment count of the background to the second energy segment count of the background.
8. The detection method of claim 7, further comprising:
according to the radionuclide241Am, setting a first screening threshold value, wherein the first screening threshold value is used for obtaining the energy higher than the radionuclide241Counting gamma rays of Am energy;
according to the radionuclide60Co energy, setting a second screening threshold value, wherein the second screening threshold value is used for obtaining energy higher than the radionuclide60Counting gamma rays of Co energy;
and determining the first energy segment count of the background or the first energy segment count of the measured object according to the first discrimination threshold and the second discrimination threshold.
9. The detection method of claim 8, further comprising:
and determining the second energy segment count of the background or the second energy segment count of the measured object according to the second discrimination threshold.
10. The detection method according to claim 8 or 9,
according to60And determining a second discrimination threshold value according to the change curves of the counting rate of the gamma rays of the Co standard radioactive point source and the background counting rate along with the discrimination threshold value respectively.
11. The detection method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the voltage amplitude of the electrical signal output by the detector is compared with a first discrimination threshold, and when the voltage amplitude is greater than the first discrimination threshold, a TTL pulse signal is output; and the number of the first and second groups,
and comparing the voltage amplitude of the electric signal output by the detector with a second discrimination threshold, and outputting a TTL pulse signal when the voltage amplitude is larger than the second discrimination threshold.
12. The detection method of claim 11, wherein the first energy band count of the background or the first energy band count of the object under test is determined based on a number of TTL pulse signals output when the voltage amplitude is greater than the first discrimination threshold and less than the second discrimination threshold.
13. The detection method of claim 11, wherein a second energy band count for a background or a second energy band count for an object under test is determined based on a number of TTL pulse signals output when the voltage amplitude is greater than the second discrimination threshold.
14. A detection method according to claim 5,
determination of the presence of artificial radionuclides in an object to be tested60And when Co is used, alarming and prompting are carried out.
15. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein the gamma rays are detected by a detector disposed in a detection channel; the method further comprises the following steps:
detecting the position of the object to be detected in real time, and starting to measure the object to be detected when the object to be detected is detected to be positioned at the inlet of the detection channel;
and when the detected object is detected to be positioned at the outlet of the detection channel, stopping the measurement of the detected object.
16. A detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the gamma rays are detected by a plurality of detectors;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the counting of the measured object is the average value of a plurality of groups of counts measured by the plurality of detectors; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
counting each energy section of the background is the average value of a plurality of groups of counts of each energy section obtained when the detector measures the background; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the counts of the energy sections of the measured object are the average values of the multiple groups of counts of the energy sections obtained when the detector measures the measured object.
17. A radionuclide60Detection system for Co, characterized in that said radionuclide60The Co radiation produces gamma rays, the detection system comprising:
the detection units are used for monitoring the background in real time and obtaining a plurality of groups of measurement data of the background, measuring the object to be measured and obtaining the measurement data of the object to be measured;
a data acquisition unit configured to:
receiving multiple sets of measurement data of the background and measurement data of a measured object from the plurality of detection units;
determining a plurality of groups of background counts of gamma rays of the background according to the plurality of groups of measurement data of the background, and determining the counts of the gamma rays of the object to be measured according to the measurement data of the object to be measured;
a data processing unit in communicative connection with the data acquisition unit, the data processing unit configured to:
determining a first alarm threshold according to the plurality of groups of background counts;
comparing the count of the object under test to the first alarm threshold to determine the presence of radionuclides in the object under test60Co。
18. The detection system of claim 17, wherein the detection unit comprises:
the detector is used for monitoring the background in real time and outputting measurement data of the background, and measuring the measured object and outputting the measurement data of the measured object; wherein the measurement data is an electrical signal;
the amplifying circuit is connected with the detector and is used for amplifying the electric signal;
and the at least one discrimination circuit is connected to the amplifying circuit and used for comparing the amplified voltage amplitude of the electric signal with a discrimination threshold of the discrimination circuit and outputting a TTL pulse signal according to a comparison result.
19. The detection system of claim 18, wherein the detection unit further comprises:
and the shaping circuit is connected to the output end of the discrimination circuit and is used for shaping the TTL pulse signal output by the discrimination circuit so as to output a standard TTL pulse signal.
20. The detection system of claim 18, wherein the data acquisition unit is configured to:
and receiving the TTL pulse signals from the detection unit, and determining the multiple groups of background counts or the counts of the measured object according to the number of the TTL pulse signals.
21. The detection system of claim 17, wherein the data processing unit is configured to:
and determining the first alarm threshold according to the average value and the standard deviation of the plurality of groups of background counts.
22. The detection system of claim 18, wherein the gamma-rays comprise gamma-rays of a plurality of different energy segments;
wherein the plurality of energy segments comprises at least: a first energy segment and a second energy segment; the first energy segment is above the radionuclide241Am energy lower than that of radionuclide60Co energyAn energy segment of the quantity; the second energy segment is above the radionuclide60Energy section of Co energy.
23. The detection system of claim 22, wherein the count of gamma rays is a sum of counts of a plurality of energy bins;
the data processing unit further configured to:
determining the radionuclide present in the object to be measured according to the ratio of the first energy segment count and the second energy segment count of the object to be measured60Whether Co is an artificial radionuclide60Co。
24. The detection system of claim 23, wherein the data processing unit is configured to:
determining a change parameter of the counting ratio of the measured object according to the ratio of the first energy section count and the second energy section count of the measured object;
comparing the count ratio variation parameter with a second alarm threshold to determine the presence of the artificial radionuclide in the subject60Co。
25. The detection system of claim 24, wherein the data processing unit is further configured to:
and determining the second alarm threshold according to the ratio of the first energy segment count of the background to the second energy segment count of the background.
26. The detection system of claim 25, wherein the at least one discrimination circuit comprises:
the first discrimination circuit is provided with a first discrimination threshold, and is used for comparing the voltage amplitude of the electric signal output by the detector with the first discrimination threshold and outputting a TTL pulse signal when the voltage amplitude is larger than the first discrimination threshold; wherein the first screening threshold is used to obtain energy higher than the radionuclide241Am energyCounting gamma rays;
and the number of the first and second groups,
the second discrimination circuit is provided with a second discrimination threshold, and is used for comparing the voltage amplitude of the electric signal output by the detector with the second discrimination threshold and outputting a TTL pulse signal when the voltage amplitude is greater than the second discrimination threshold; wherein the second screening threshold is used to obtain energy higher than the radionuclide60Gamma ray count of Co energy.
27. The detection system of claim 26, wherein the data acquisition unit is configured to:
determining a first energy segment count of a background or a first energy segment count of a measured object based on the number of TTL pulse signals output when the voltage amplitude is larger than the first discrimination threshold and smaller than the second discrimination threshold;
and/or
And determining the second energy segment count of the background or the second energy segment count of the measured object based on the number of the TTL pulse signals output when the voltage amplitude is larger than the second discrimination threshold.
28. The detection system of claim 26, wherein the at least one discrimination circuit further comprises:
and the third screening circuit is used for screening the gamma rays of the third energy section.
29. The detection system of claim 23, further comprising:
an alarm unit for receiving the judgment result of the data processing unit, wherein the alarm unit is configured to determine the existence of artificial radionuclide in the object to be measured60And when Co is used, alarming and prompting are carried out.
30. The detection system of claim 17, further comprising:
a detection channel in which detectors of the plurality of detection units are disposed;
and the position detection part is positioned in the detection channel and is used for detecting the position information of the detected object in real time.
31. A detection system according to claim 30, wherein the position detection portion comprises at least two position sensors, the two position sensors being located at an inlet and an outlet of the detection passage, respectively; the detector is configured to:
when the position detection part detects that the object to be measured is positioned at the inlet, starting to measure the object to be measured;
and when the position detection part detects that the object to be measured is positioned at the outlet, stopping measuring the object to be measured.
32. The detection system of claim 18, wherein the detector comprises:
a plastic scintillator for reacting with incident gamma rays and generating fluorescence;
the photomultiplier is connected with the plastic scintillator and used for converting fluorescence generated by the plastic scintillator into photoelectrons and forming an electric signal; the amplifying circuit is connected to the output end of the photomultiplier and used for receiving the electric signal;
and the voltage division circuit is connected with the photomultiplier and used for providing high voltage for the photomultiplier.
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| CN114994733B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-08 | 山西中辐核仪器有限责任公司 | Radiation monitoring method, device and system based on radiation monitor |
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