CN106641005A - 可调角度的三枢轴式万向节 - Google Patents

可调角度的三枢轴式万向节 Download PDF

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CN106641005A
CN106641005A CN201611217170.0A CN201611217170A CN106641005A CN 106641005 A CN106641005 A CN 106641005A CN 201611217170 A CN201611217170 A CN 201611217170A CN 106641005 A CN106641005 A CN 106641005A
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roller
groove
raceway
oriented
universal joints
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李晓天
彭堂俊
王德林
张正华
金璐
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Shanghai GKN Huayu Driveline Systems Co Ltd
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Shanghai GKN Huayu Driveline Systems Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201611217170.0A priority Critical patent/CN106641005A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/075571 priority patent/WO2018120412A1/zh
Priority to US16/473,250 priority patent/US11384798B2/en
Publication of CN106641005A publication Critical patent/CN106641005A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
    • F16D3/205—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part
    • F16D3/2055—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part having three pins, i.e. true tripod joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
    • F16M11/02—Heads
    • F16M11/16—Details concerning attachment of head-supporting legs, with or without actuation of locking members thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
    • F16M11/20—Undercarriages with or without wheels
    • F16M11/2007—Undercarriages with or without wheels comprising means allowing pivoting adjustment
    • F16M11/2035—Undercarriages with or without wheels comprising means allowing pivoting adjustment in more than one direction
    • F16M11/2078—Undercarriages with or without wheels comprising means allowing pivoting adjustment in more than one direction with ball-joint
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
    • F16M11/20—Undercarriages with or without wheels
    • F16M11/24—Undercarriages with or without wheels changeable in height or length of legs, also for transport only, e.g. by means of tubes screwed into each other
    • F16M11/242—Undercarriages with or without wheels changeable in height or length of legs, also for transport only, e.g. by means of tubes screwed into each other by spreading of the legs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
    • F16D2003/2023—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints with linear rolling bearings between raceway and trunnion mounted shoes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
    • F16D2003/2026—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints with trunnion rings, i.e. with tripod joints having rollers supported by a ring on the trunnion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904—Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/905—Torque transmitted via radially extending pin

Abstract

本发明提供一种可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，三枢轴式万向节包括三枢轴、滚轮以及万向节外部件，所述万向节外部件的内壁上具有滚道，所述滚轮置于所述滚道内且沿滚道滚动，所述三枢轴上的球形轴头转动置于所述滚轮的内腔内，所述滚道的内壁上具有导向凹槽，所述滚轮的外周形状为圆柱状，所述导向凹槽的底面为直平面且导向凹槽的两侧面为与直平面相垂直的直面，所述滚轮的部分外周面插设在所述导向凹槽内，且滚轮外周面与所述直平面相切。本发明降低了三枢轴万向节在较大工作角度下的滑移阻力与轴向派生力。

Description

可调角度的三枢轴式万向节
技术领域
本发明涉及万向节技术领域，特别是涉及一种可调角度的三枢轴式万向节。
背景技术
三枢轴式万向节在运行时，围绕三枢轴轴头旋转的滚轮与万向节外部件的滚道之间存在相对运动和摩擦力，从而产生不利于万向节平稳工作的滑移阻力和轴向派生力。滚轮和滚道之间的摩擦力越大，万向节的滑移阻力和轴向派生力也越大。
如图1所示，三枢轴式万向节的滚轮3可绕三枢轴1的球形轴头11自由偏转。当万向节在有摆角工况下运行时，滚轮3可以不随三枢轴1一起发生偏转，并且始终保持与万向节外部件2的滚道21对称性地接触，因此减少了滚轮3与滚道21之间滑动摩擦的形成，有利于降低万向节的滑移阻力和轴向派生力。因为三枢轴式万向节在传递动力时，三枢轴的球形轴头11与滚轮内圈的接触区域有一定的长度，所以三枢轴1相对滚轮3的往复偏转运动会产生使滚轮3发生偏转的摩擦力矩，此摩擦力矩使滚轮发生偏转而不再与滚道对称性地接触，从而使滚轮与滚道之间的摩擦力变大。
为了防止滚轮在此偏转力矩下发生偏转，通常采用的方法是：将上述滚道的轮廓面200设计成尖拱状，见图2所示，将滚轮3的外周面设计成圆球面或圆环面，通过尖拱形滚道与滚轮之间形成的两个分离的接触点来限制滚轮3在滚道21内的偏转。
但以上这种滚轮与滚道形状的设计存在以下几个缺点：
1、滚轮与滚道为角接触，即滚轮与滚道的接触线上仅有一个接触点满足与滚道的相对运动速度为零的纯滚动调节，其余所有接触点均存在相对运动速度，因而都存在滑动摩擦力，所以角接触式的滚轮与滚道轮廓形状会导致滚轮与滚道之间的摩擦力较高。
2、在三枢轴式万向节工作角度较大时，因为三枢轴的球头位置不再正对滚轮的中心，球头对滚轮内圈的压力会使滚轮在滚道内产生侧倾，见图3所示，使滚轮3的非受载侧与滚道21发生接触，使万向节会产生很高的滑移阻力和轴向派生力。
因此，需要一种减少滑移阻力和轴向派生力的三枢轴式万向节。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，用于解决现有技术中三枢轴式万向节的滑移阻力及轴向派生力大的问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明提供一种可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，三枢轴式万向节包括三枢轴、滚轮以及万向节外部件，所述万向节外部件的内壁上具有滚道，所述滚轮置于所述滚道内且沿滚道滚动，所述三枢轴上的球形轴头转动置于所述滚轮的内腔内，所述滚道的内壁上具有导向凹槽，所述滚轮的外周形状为圆柱状，所述导向凹槽的底面为直平面且导向凹槽的两侧面为与直平面相垂直的直面，所述滚轮的部分外周面插设在所述导向凹槽内，且滚轮外周面与所述直平面相切。
优选的，所述导向凹槽的底面上具有沿导向凹槽长度方向延伸的长槽。
优选的，所述滚轮外周面具有一圈环形凹槽，所述环形凹槽位于所述滚轮的轴向中部。
优选的，所述导向凹槽的宽度大于所述滚轮的轴向长度。
优选的，所述滚轮的内腔为与所述滚轮的外周同轴的内圆柱腔。
优选的，所述导向凹槽为一条且位于所述滚道的中心线上，所述滚轮的部分外周插设在所述导向凹槽内。
优选的，所述导向凹槽为两条且对称分布，所述滚轮的两侧外周分别插设在两条所述导向凹槽内。
如上所述，本发明的可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，具有以下有益效果：采用在滚道内壁上设置导向凹槽，且导向凹槽的底面为直平面，滚轮外周面为圆柱面，滚轮外周面与所述直平面相切即表示滚轮与滚道的接触为线接触，且接触线与滚轮的轴线平行，接触线上所有接触点均满足纯滚动条件，减小了滚轮与滚道之间的摩擦力；由于上述导向凹槽的两侧面为与底面垂直的直面，滚轮的部分外周面插设在所述导向凹槽内，则确保了滚轮的外廓形状与上述导向凹槽始终保持贴合，消除了滚轮在滚道内的侧倾，使滚轮非受载侧与滚道不会发生接触，从而降低了三枢轴万向节在较大工作角度下的滑移阻力与轴向派生力，同时也有利于减小滚轮与滚道之间的配合间隙，降低三枢轴万向节因间隙导致的圆周方向的转动间隙。
附图说明
图1显示为现有技术中的三枢轴万向节示意图。
图2显示为现有技术中的三枢轴万向节上滚道截面图。
图3显示为现有技术中的滚轮侧倾示意图。
图4显示为本发明的三枢轴万向节的一实施例示意图。
图5显示图4中的万向节外部件的放大图。
图6显示为本发明的三枢轴万向节的另一实施例示意图。
元件标号说明
1 三枢轴
11 球形轴头
2 万向节外部件
21 滚道
200 滚道的轮廓面
201 导向凹槽
202 长槽
203 导向凹槽的底面
204 导向凹槽的侧面
3 滚轮
301 环形凹槽
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
请参阅图1至图6。须知，本说明书所附图中所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容所能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
如图4、图5及图6所示，本发明提供一种可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，三枢轴式万向节包括三枢轴、滚轮3以及万向节外部件2，所述万向节外部件2的内壁上具有滚道21，滚轮3置于所述滚道21内且沿滚道21滚动，三枢轴上的球形轴头转动置于滚轮3的内腔内，滚道21的内壁上具有导向凹槽201，滚轮3的外周形状为圆柱状，见图5及图6所示，导向凹槽的底面203为直平面且导向凹槽的两侧面(导向凹槽的侧面204)为与直平面相垂直的直面，滚轮3的部分外周面插设在所述导向凹槽201内，且滚轮外周面与所述直平面相切。
本发明采用在滚道内壁上设置导向凹槽201，且导向凹槽的底面203为直平面，滚轮3的外周面为圆柱面，滚轮外周面与直平面相切即表示滚轮3与滚道21的接触为线接触，且接触线与滚轮3的轴线平行，接触线上所有接触点均满足纯滚动条件，减小了滚轮3与滚道21之间的摩擦力；由于上述导向凹槽的侧面204为与导向凹槽的底面203垂直的直面，滚轮3的部分外周面插设在导向凹槽201内，则确保了滚轮3的外廓形状与上述导向凹槽201始终保持贴合，消除了滚轮3在滚道21内的侧倾，使滚轮的非受载侧与滚道不会发生接触，从而降低了三枢轴万向节在较大工作角度下的滑移阻力与轴向派生力，同时也有利于减小滚轮与滚道之间的配合间隙，降低三枢轴万向节因间隙导致的圆周方向的转动间隙。
为防止滚轮在滚道内发生偏转，本发明的一实施例为：见图4及图5所示，导向凹槽201的底面上具有沿导向凹槽长度方向延伸的长槽202；导向凹槽201的存在使滚轮3与滚道21之间的接触线为两段分离的直线，见图4所示，两段接触线内形成的摩擦力可以形成摩擦阻力矩，该摩擦阻力距可与三枢轴的球头轴作用在滚轮内腔表面的偏转力矩抵消，从而使滚轮3不易在滚道21内发生偏转，始终保持滚轮轴线与滚道中心性相平行。并且还可以通过增加滚轮的轴向长度以此增加两段接触线之间的距离，即增加上述长槽的宽度，从而增加摩擦力矩，防止滚轮偏转。本实施例的长槽202可由导向凹槽201的底壁凹陷形成。
为实现使滚轮3与滚道21之间的接触线形成上述分离的两段直线，本发明还提供一实施例，如图6所示，本实施例中滚轮外周面具有一圈环形凹槽301，所述环形凹槽301位于滚轮3的轴向中部。通过在滚轮外周面上设置圆环形凹槽，使滚轮3与导向凹槽的底面203间具有未接触部，以此使滚轮3与滚道21的接触线为两段分离的直线。
为实现更大工作角度的使用，上述导向凹槽201的宽度大于滚轮3的轴向长度，即滚轮3的两端与导向凹槽201的两侧面为间隙配合。
为更好的便于与三枢轴的球头轴进行配合，滚轮3的内腔为与滚轮3的外周同轴的内圆柱腔。
为便于实施，上述导向凹槽201为一条且位于滚道21的中心线上，滚轮3的部分外周插设在导向凹槽201内。
上述导向凹槽201为两条且对称分布，见图4及图6所示，滚轮3的两侧外周分别插设在两条所述导向凹槽201内，更加防止滚轮3在滚道21内偏转。
综上所述，本发明的可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，上述导向凹槽的侧面和底面均为直面，滚轮为圆柱形轮子，更加易于制造；本发明采用在滚道内壁上设置导向凹槽，且导向凹槽的底面为直平面，滚轮外周面为圆柱面，滚轮外周面与所述直平面相切即表示滚轮与滚道的接触为线接触，且接触线与滚轮的轴线平行，接触线上所有接触点均满足纯滚动条件，减小了滚轮与滚道之间的摩擦力。所以，本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (7)

1.一种可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，三枢轴式万向节包括三枢轴、滚轮以及万向节外部件，所述万向节外部件的内壁上具有滚道，所述滚轮置于所述滚道内且沿滚道滚动，所述三枢轴上的球形轴头转动置于所述滚轮的内腔内，其特征在于，所述滚道的内壁上具有导向凹槽，所述滚轮的外周形状为圆柱状，所述导向凹槽的底面为直平面且导向凹槽的两侧面为与直平面相垂直的直面，所述滚轮的部分外周面插设在所述导向凹槽内，且滚轮外周面与所述直平面相切。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，其特征在于：所述导向凹槽的底面上具有沿导向凹槽长度方向延伸的长槽。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，其特征在于：所述滚轮外周面具有一圈环形凹槽，所述环形凹槽位于所述滚轮的轴向中部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，其特征在于：所述导向凹槽的宽度大于所述滚轮的轴向长度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，其特征在于：所述滚轮的内腔为与所述滚轮的外周同轴的内圆柱腔。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，其特征在于：所述导向凹槽为一条且位于所述滚道的中心线上，所述滚轮的部分外周插设在所述导向凹槽内。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可调角度的三枢轴式万向节，其特征在于：所述导向凹槽为两条且对称分布，所述滚轮的两侧外周分别插设在两条所述导向凹槽内。
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