CN106640398B - 一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置及控制方法 Download PDF

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CN106640398B
CN106640398B CN201611223343.XA CN201611223343A CN106640398B CN 106640398 B CN106640398 B CN 106640398B CN 201611223343 A CN201611223343 A CN 201611223343A CN 106640398 B CN106640398 B CN 106640398B
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valve
catalytic converter
triple effect
exhaust pipe
exhaust
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CN106640398A (zh
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刘海峰
马桂香
马俊生
尧命发
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Tianjin University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • F01N13/148Multiple layers of insulating material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F01N5/025Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat the device being thermoelectric generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F02B37/168Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air into the exhaust conduit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0255Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置,包括电能储存单元、ECU控制单元、涡轮机、压气机、中冷器和三效催化转化器;还设有有进气旁路管,进气旁路管的一端连接在压气机与中冷器之间的管路上,进气旁路管的另一端连接在三效催化转化器与排气管出口阀之间的管路上。其控制方法是通过保温上一次发动机停机前的废气温度、向三效催化转化器直接通入高温的压缩空气以及利用废气能量转化成电能,在冷起动时将电能对废气加热这三种方式同时进行,从而使三效催化转化器在较短的时间内达到起燃温度,达到改善汽车冷起动排放的目的。

Description

一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置及控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车后处理技术领域,特别涉及一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置及控制策略。
背景技术
机内净化技术通过改善发动机燃烧过程,对降低排气污染起到较大作用,但其效果有限,且不同程度地给汽车的动力性和经济性带来负面影响。随着对发动机排放要求越来越严格,改善发动机工作过程的难度越来越大,能统筹兼顾动力性、经济性和排放性能的发动机越来越复杂,成本也急剧上升。因此,世界各地都先后开发了废气后处理净化技术,在不影响或少影响发动机其他性能的同时,在排气系统中安装各种净化装置。
三效催化转化器是目前应用最多的汽油机后处理装置,然而其转化效率的高低与温度密切相关,只有达到一定温度才开始工作,当转化效率达到50%所需要的时间称为起燃时间。而在冷启动时,排气温度温度较低,起燃时间较长,故缩短起燃时间以改善冷起动的净化性能尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于有效缩短起燃时间,改善冷起动时的净化性能,提供一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置及控制策略,通过保温上一次发动机停机前的废气温度,向三效催化转化器直接通入高温的压缩空气以及废气加热这三种方式同时进行,从而使三效催化转化器在较短的时间内达到起燃温度,达到改善汽车冷起动排放的目的。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置,包括电能储存单元、ECU控制单元、涡轮机、压气机、中冷器和三效催化转化器,所述涡轮机与所述三效催化转化器之间连接有排气管,所述排气管的两端分别设有排气管进口阀和排气管出口阀,所述排气管外设有保温装置,所述排气管上设有温度传感器,所述排气管的出口处设有电热器,位于所述三效催化转化器的出口上连接有热电器;所述压气机的进口端与所述涡轮机连接,所述压气机出口端与所述中冷器连接;该装置还设有一进气旁路管,所述进气旁路管的一端连接在所述压气机与中冷器之间的管路上,所述进气旁路管的另一端连接在所述三效催化转化器与排气管出口阀之间的管路上;所述进气旁路管上设有单向阀和进气旁通阀;所述ECU控制单元、电热器和热电器均连接至所述电能储存单元;所述排气管进口阀、排气管出口阀、温度传感器和进气旁通阀均连接至所述ECU控制单元。
本发明中,所述保温装置包括由内向外依次套在排气管上的保温材料、真空层和金属外体。
利用上述缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间装置实现的缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的控制方法,包括如下过程:
发动机正常工况时,所述ECU控制单元控制进气旁通阀关闭、排气管进口阀、排气管出口阀和单向阀均开启,同时,电热器未加热;废气沿排气管流向电热器、三效催化转化器、热电器,最终排出大气;其中,废气通过三效催化转化器净化后,流向热电器,热电器将废气能量转换为电能,通过所述电能储存单元储存起来;
发动机停机时,ECU控制单元控制排气管进口阀和排气管出口阀均关闭,所述单向阀保持开启,排气管中高温废气储存在排气管中;
发动机冷起动时,ECU控制单元控制进气旁通阀、排气管进口阀、排气管出口阀均开启,所述单向阀保持开启,通过所述压气机未经过所述中冷器的一小部分高温的压缩空气沿着进气旁路管经单向阀和开启的进气旁通阀流向三效催化转化器,与此同时,ECU控制单元控制所述电能储存单元对电热器通电加热;上一次发动机工作时储存在排气管中的高温废气缩短所述三效催化转化器的起燃时间,废气通过所述电热器加热后再通过三效催化转化器,缩短了所述三效催化转化器的起燃时间;当所述温度传感器的读取温度大于330℃时,所述ECU控制单元控制所述电能储存单元停止对电热器通电;
在上述整个过程中,所述热电器持续将排气能量转化成电能,并储存至所述电能储存单元。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、通过废气保温、废气加热以及旁通高温的压缩空气这3种方式同时进行,能最大程度的缩短起燃时间。
2、通入压缩空气还能解决改善冷起动时CO和HC的催化氧化因为缺氧而不能有效进行的缺陷。
3、将废气能量转换成电能,在冷起动时,将电能转换成热量对废气加热,缩短起燃时间。
附图说明
图1为一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置及控制策略的结构示意图。
图2为保温装置的结构示意图。
图3为一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置及控制策略的控制策略图。
图中:1-电能储存单元,2-温度传感器,3-ECU控制单元,4-排气管,5-保温装置,6-排气管进口阀,7-涡轮机,8-压气机,9-中冷器,10-单向阀,11-进气旁通阀,12-进气旁路管,13-电热器,14-排气管出口阀,15-三效催化转化器,16-热电器,51-金属壳体,52-第一薄片,53-真空层,54-第二薄片,55保温材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步详细描述,所描述的具体实施例仅对本发明进行解释说明,并不用以限制本发明。
如图1所示,本发明提出的一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置,包括电能储存单元1、ECU控制单元3、涡轮机7、压气机8、中冷器9和三效催化转化器15,所述涡轮机7与所述三效催化转化器15之间连接有排气管4,所述排气管4的两端分别设有排气管进口阀6和排气管出口阀14,所述排气管4外设有保温装置5,如图2所示,所述保温装置5包括由内向外依次套在排气管4上的保温材料55、真空层53和金属外体51。所述排气管4上设有温度传感器2,所述排气管4的出口处设有电热器13,位于所述三效催化转化器15的出口上连接有热电器16;所述压气机8的进口端与所述涡轮机7连接,所述压气机8出口端与所述中冷器9连接。
本发明的装置中还设有一进气旁路管12,所述进气旁路管12的一端连接在所述压气机8与中冷器9之间的管路上,所述进气旁路管12的另一端连接在所述三效催化转化器15与排气管出口阀14之间的管路上;所述进气旁路管12上设有单向阀10和进气旁通阀11;
所述ECU控制单元3、电热器13和热电器16均连接至所述电能储存单元1;所述排气管进口阀6、排气管出口阀14、温度传感器2和进气旁通阀11均连接至所述ECU控制单元3。
如图3所示,利用上述缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置实现缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的控制方法,包括如下过程:
发动机正常工况时,所述ECU控制单元3控制进气旁通阀11关闭、排气管进口阀6、排气管出口阀14和单向阀10均开启,同时,电热器13未加热;使得废气沿排气管流向电热器13、三效催化转化器15、热电器16,最终排出大气;使得废气沿排气管4流向电热器13、三效催化转化器15、热电器16,最终排出大气;在正常工况时,废气流向的电热器并未通电加热,因为此时的废气温度已达到三效催化转化器高转化效率的工作温度,无需再通过电热器进行加热,废气通过三效催化转化器15净化后,流向热电器16,热电器16将此时的废气能量转换为电能,通过所述电能储存单元1储存起来。
发动机停机时,ECU控制单元3控制排气管进口阀6和排气管出口阀14均关闭,所述单向阀10保持开启,排气管4中高温废气储存在排气管4中,因为排气管外层缠绕着保温装置,使得排气管的绝热性良好,尽可能使排气管中的废气温度保持一段较长时间。
发动机冷起动时,ECU控制单元3控制进气旁通阀11、排气管进口阀6、排气管出口阀14均开启,所述单向阀10保持开启,通过所述压气机8未经过所述中冷器9的一小部分(15%左右)高温的压缩空气沿着进气旁路管12经单向阀10和开启的进气旁通阀11流向三效催化转化器,能提高三效催化转化器15的工作温度,且通入压缩空气,能改善冷起动时CO和HC的催化氧化因为缺氧而不能有效进行的缺陷,其中,单向阀10可防止废气沿进气旁路管流向进气管。在冷起动同时,ECU控制单元3控制所述电能储存单元1对电热器13通电,使电热器加热;冷起动时的废气温度较低,但是上一次发动机工作时储存在排气管4中的高温废气能一定程度上的缩短所述三效催化转化器15的起燃时间,且废气通过所述电热器13加热后再通过三效催化转化器15,能进一步缩短所述三效催化转化器15的起燃时间。
所述ECU控制单元3通过温度传感器读取温度数据,当所述温度传感器2的读取温度大于330℃(三效催化转化器高转化效率的工作温度)时,所述ECU控制单元3控制所述电能储存单元1停止对电热器13通电。
在上述整个过程中,所述热电器16持续将排气能量转化成电能,并储存至所述电能储存单元1。
尽管上面结合附图对本发明进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下,还可以做出很多变形,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置,包括电能储存单元(1)、ECU控制单元(3)、涡轮机(7)、压气机(8)、中冷器(9)和三效催化转化器(15),所述涡轮机(7)与所述三效催化转化器(15)之间连接有排气管(4),所述排气管(4)的两端分别设有排气管进口阀(6)和排气管出口阀(14),所述排气管(4)外设有保温装置(5),其特征在于:
所述排气管(4)上设有温度传感器(2),所述排气管(4)的出口处设有电热器(13),位于所述三效催化转化器(15)的出口上连接有热电器(16);所述压气机(8)的进口端与所述涡轮机(7)连接,所述压气机(8)出口端与所述中冷器(9)连接;
该装置还设有一进气旁路管(12),所述进气旁路管(12)的一端连接在所述压气机(8)与中冷器(9)之间的管路上,所述进气旁路管(12)的另一端连接在所述三效催化转化器(15)与排气管出口阀(14)之间的管路上;所述进气旁路管(12)上设有单向阀(10)和进气旁通阀(11);
所述ECU控制单元(3)、电热器(13)和热电器(16)均连接至所述电能储存单元(1);所述排气管进口阀(6)、排气管出口阀(14)、温度传感器(2)和进气旁通阀(11)均连接至所述ECU控制单元(3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置,其特征在于,所述保温装置(5)包括由内向外依次套在排气管(4)上的保温材料(55)、真空层(53)和金属外体(51)。
3.一种缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的控制方法,其特征在于,利用权利要求1所述缩短三效催化转化器起燃时间的装置,并包括如下过程:
发动机正常工况时,所述ECU控制单元(3)控制进气旁通阀(11)关闭、排气管进口阀(6)、排气管出口阀(14)和单向阀(10)均开启;同时,电热器(13)未加热;废气沿排气管(4)流向电热器(13)、三效催化转化器(15)、热电器(16),最终排出大气;其中,废气通过三效催化转化器(15)净化后,流向热电器(16),热电器(16)将废气能量转换为电能,通过所述电能储存单元(1)储存起来;
发动机停机时,ECU控制单元(3)控制排气管进口阀(6)和排气管出口阀(14)均关闭,所述单向阀(10)保持开启,排气管(4)中高温废气储存在排气管(4)中;
发动机冷起动时,ECU控制单元(3)控制进气旁通阀(11)、排气管进口阀(6)、排气管出口阀(14)均开启,所述单向阀(10)保持开启,通过所述压气机(8)未经过所述中冷器(9)的部分高温的压缩空气沿着进气旁路管(12)经单向阀(10)和开启的进气旁通阀(11)流向三效催化转化器,与此同时,ECU控制单元(3)控制所述电能储存单元(1)对电热器(13)通电加热;上一次发动机工作时储存在排气管(4)中的高温废气缩短所述三效催化转化器(15)的起燃时间,废气通过所述电热器(13)加热后再通过三效催化转化器(15),缩短了所述三效催化转化器(15)的起燃时间;当所述温度传感器(2)的读取温度大于330℃时,所述ECU控制单元(3)控制所述电能储存单元(1)停止对电热器(13)通电;
在上述整个过程中,所述热电器(16)持续将排气能量转化成电能,并储存至所述电能储存单元(1)。
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