CN106640236A - Engineering technology for greatly improving thermal power and nuclear power Rankine cycle heat efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an engineering technology for greatly improving thermal power and nuclear power Rankine cycle heat efficiency. Three-state transformation of water is correlated to the heat transfer process principle for the Rankine cycle, downward moving of a constant-temperature, constant-pressure and condensation line on a water vapor tephigram serves as the option, and the heat efficiency is improved to the maximum degree. The cold medium water cycle is composed of ice, snow, an ice and snow transporting machine, a concordance water pool, a circulation water pump, a concordance water pump, a condenser and a main adjusting valve; and the working medium water and steam cycle is composed of a condensation water pump, a condensate water heater, a boiler, a steam superheater, a turbine and a condenser. The theoretical connotation of the Rankine cycle is extended, enriched and glorified; the thermal power generation heat efficiency is improved by more than 10%; the nuclear power generation heat efficiency is improved by more than 20%; the energy consumption of refrigerating, a heat pump and an air conditioner is reduced; coal is saved by more than 10%, and emission is reduced by more than 10%; weakly degraded haze is weakened; the greenhouse effect declines; energy conservation and gaining are achieved on equipment in multiple inattentive projects; a cooling tower and an air cooling island in thermal power and nuclear power plants are omitted; and a large number of ice and snow logistic employment posts are created.

Description

Increase substantially the engineering skill of the thermoelectricity nuclear power Rankine cycle thermal efficiency

The invention belongs to：Improve thermoelectricity nuclear power【Rankine cycle] (Rankine cycle) thermal efficiency field, and in particular to it is right 【Rankine cycle] the theoretical expansion of science and technology, will【Rankine cycle] traditional science and technology theory " fill by extension It is real wide ".

Present invention relates particularly to firepower can be caused --- by：Coal, oil, natural gas, shale gas, solar energy, biomass, underground heat etc. What the energy was brought up【Rankine cycle] --- the generating thermal efficiency improves ＞ 10%.

Present invention relates particularly to the nuclear power generating thermal efficiency can be caused to improve ＞ 20%.

Present invention relates particularly to the energy consumption of " refrigerating heat pump air-conditioning " can be greatly lowered.

Present invention relates particularly to many " other duck equipment " heat exchanging process energy-conservations, gain can be caused.

Present invention relates particularly to Coal-fired Thermal Power can be caused to economize on coal reduces discharging ＞ 10%.

Present invention relates particularly to can progressive desalination weak solution haze.

Present invention relates particularly to can progressive decline greenhouse effects.

Present invention relates particularly to thermoelectricity, nuclear power plant traditional " cooling tower " and " air cooling for just having grown up in recent years can be save Island ".

Present invention relates particularly to create a large amount of ice and snow logistics jobs.

This problem --- increase substantially thermoelectricity nuclear power【Rankine cycle] thermal efficiency --- sprouting

The sprouting edge what nineteen fifty-three of this problem, when author is extremely big chemical industry system scholar,【Chemical thermodynamics] teacher professor【Kano Circulation] when say：“【Carnot cycle] it is by 1. isothermal expansions；2. adiabatic expansion；3. isotherm compression；4. four orders of adiabatic compression Reversible process constituted.... circulating result is：Work(has done in thing system, and quantity is equal to the face that four reversible process lines are surrounded Product.Machinery is unrelated with working substance property by the efficiency of Reversible Cycle work, only with temperature interval (the i.e. warm difference-work for making work Person) it is relevant.... interval is bigger, and the utilization rate of heat from heat source is just higher.Intend increase work(, have only and ' unclamp line and increase face Product ' ".--- this section of classroom language, deep impression is generated in my brain, just sprouted at that time：Must go from now on to grind Send out this《Loose ends increases product》The resolution of problem.

From studying carefully【Carnot cycle] it is transformed into and studies carefully【Rankine cycle】

Nineteen eighty-two, author learns when religion is acted as a guest by the big chemical industry system of conjunction work：It is " existing in China's chemical process class specialty teaching plan " Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics " is individually classified as a branch of instruction in school ... by modern (referring to nineteen eighty-two) for the first time ".I starts in " Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics " Contact【Rankine cycle】.Then will【Carnot cycle】Looked back, and with【Rankine cycle】Contrasted：【Kano is followed Ring】It is reversible, can not possibly puts into practice, not with practice significance；And【Rankine cycle】It is irreversible, can be practice 's.Then, I am from studying carefully【Carnot cycle】It is transformed into【Rankine cycle】Come up.Along research and development《Loose ends increases product》Direction before Enter.

Believe firmly：【Rankine cycle】Four lines of each tool particular community --- particularly with " cold ", " heat " related " etc. Arround warm isobaric condensation " this line (" 2-3 lines) ", one surely find with the Nature, season, between " cold ", " heat " Some meeting points.

In cold " season " and " region ", mainly there is " ice and snow " and contain " cold " two key elements." ice and snow " is " because ", " cold " It is " fruit ".Just think：" 2-3 lines " pursuit " cold "；" ice and snow " contains abundant " cold ", as long as both has " people " to use wisdom, leads to Cross engineering, reason, change between theory associated connection, carry out engineering structure, be completely can by supply and demand key element therebetween, Perfect adaptation is integrated, and realization " increases substantially thermoelectricity nuclear power【Rankine cycle】The thermal efficiency ".Accordingly, I am soon with institute【Send out It is existing】" ice and snow " be fulcrum,【Invention】" and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill ".

To capture this problem, from wound：" study carefully → exclude → reasoning → guess → approach five step logic solving methods " study carefully： 【Rankine cycle】" water vapour tephigram " is by 1.. unsaturated condensed water is saturated the isobaric isobaric gasification line 4-1 that heats up； 2.. high temperature, high steam constant entropy expansion line 1-2；3.. isothermal and isobaric condensate line 2-3；4.. the reversible adiabatic compression of saturation water Line 3-4, four line compositions.This four lines surround an irregular polygon, and its area is【Rankine cycle】In " water vapour The net work for being done presented on tephigram ".Net work to be increased, just must outwards be extended and moved from one place to another this four lines, or three lines, or two Line, or a line, to increase surrounded area.

Exclude：4-1 lines, raise with temperature, and pressure is i.e. corresponding to be improved, and this is that contemporary thermal power generation is struggled to chase after to improve thermal effect The target asked.But the height of " 1 " point, by equipment material performance can pressure-bearing hold warm height and limited.Modern age almost accomplishes The end.

1-2 lines, found from Mr. Rankine【Rankine cycle】Since, not yet it is seen in so far：Depart from " 1 " point, " S " axle on T-S figures To being extended and moved from one place to another, in the hope of the essay of gain.

2-3 lines, present position is high and low on " water vapour tephigram ", right【Rankine cycle "】The high and low of thermal effect extremely closes weight Will.Position is low, then the thermal efficiency is high, otherwise then low.But the decline of 2-3 lines, the Natural Water by being used as cooling medium in nature The restriction of temperature.So, fromRankineMr. founded Steam Power Circulation over more than 150 years, and plan is greatly lowered a variety of of 2-3 lines and sets Think, at most simply with region residing for season, factory, harvested some limited advantages, fail to obtain important breakthrough all the time.Cause In addition to continuing around " 1 " point work and making great efforts, improved impetus is mainly in endothermic process for this scientist --- successively create " again Thermal cycle ", " extraction cycle " and " thermoelectric cycle " etc..《Cooling tower》Do bigger and bigger, make higher and higher；It is provided with again in recent years efficiently The equipment of " Air-Cooling Island " this kind of Gao Rui of heat transfer.

3-4 lines, because " water " can be considered incompressible, and 3-4 lines are very short, are negligible；

Reasoning：Take a broad view of above-mentioned：Eliminate " 4-1 ", the possibility that " 1-2 ", " 3-4 " three lines are outwards extended and moved from one place to another.Remaining only " 2- 3 " this line.According to above-mentioned, " 2-3 " line breeds has " season " and " region "；This " season " and " region " are inner mainly pregnant Containing " cold " and there is a key element of " ice and snow ".This " cold " is " because ", and " ice and snow " is " fruit ".

Guess：" the Nature Seasonal conversion --- it is high and low, hot and cold, large and small, with " this has " big data between engineering physics and chemistry Agree with ", " cause and effect ", mutual " effect " each other；Author believes firmly arround " 2-3 " line of this pregnant culvert " season " and " region ", necessarily Have " key " that can parse this problem..

Approach：Theoretical deduction：1st, in order to the operation of all thermoelectricitys of whole world the whole of China, nuclear power is all greatly improved thermal effect Rate, then all thermoelectricitys of whole world the whole of China, nuclear power should all build " region " for having " ice and snow " throughout the year in, as a means of can take at any time The cooling medium of " 2-3 " line must be fallen；Or 2, " ice and snow " throughout the year forever in " frigid zone " is transported to non-" frigid zone " " region ", with The cooling medium of " 2-3 " line is fallen in offer；Or 3, directly " ice and snow " in " frigid zone " is transported in non-" frigid zone " " region " respectively Each power plant is operating【Rankine cycle】In, to realize falling " 2-3 " line.The logistics in modern age can well solve this and ask Topic.

Thermoelectricity【Rankine cycle】The work done on " water vapour tephigram " quantifies

(borrow：Regular higher education " 12 " emphasis programming textbook【Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics】《The third edition》, Chen Zhong shows Gu Feiyan is recklessly Bright " Steam Power Circulation and kind of refrigeration cycle " chapter write is hoped, the example ginseng of extraction cycle in " improvement of Rankine circulations " section Number, carries out thermal efficiency calculation as follows：)

Illustrate：p₁=140 × 10⁵Pa；t₁=560 DEG C；With former condensation temperature t₂32 DEG C of ≈, corresponding exhaust steam pressure at expulsion p₂≈ 0.05×10⁵Pa, the work done on " water vapour tephigram " --- area with condensation temperature example is set to into t₂4 DEG C of ≈, accordingly Exhaust steam pressure at expulsion p₂≈0.008×10⁵Pa is compared, --- the absolute value of the difference of both areas is diagrammatically calculated, is removed With original area gained business, the thermal efficiency for as improving.

Jing GRAPHIC CALCULATIONs p₂≈0.05×10⁵Pa, the then area for increasing is～11.36%；If former example is fixed：p₂≈0.07× 10⁵Pa, the then area for increasing is～13.84%；So, the area that nominal increases is ＞ 10%., i.e. nominal raising thermal efficiency ＞ 10%.

Nuclear power, performance of the secondary circuit steam reheat vapor cycle on " water vapour tephigram "

Now take pressurized water reactor type nuclear power example to state：Core rod produces heat as primary energy in nuclear reactor, and the primary Ioops of Jing reactor cores are cold But heat is passed in agent《Steam generator》, produce saturated vapor.Flow process below is just identical with thermoelectricity --- steam, enter 《Turbine generator》Make constant entropy expansion acting；Exhaust steam, steps into【Rankine cycle】Isothermal and isobaric heat release, be cooled water-cooled It is solidifying；Then, draw back《Steam generator》Vapour is made, secondary circuit circulation is completed.

Nuclear power is with thermoelectricity difference：Nuclear power station generates electricity and uses " saturated vapor ", and thermal power station generates electricity and uses " mistake Saturated vapor ".

Saturated vapor is heated again could produce supersaturated vapor.In the saturated vapor that conventional thermal power plant boiler is produced, Jing " mistakes are needed Hot device " is reheated and could generate supersaturated vapor.And the saturated vapor of nuclear power plant is in Natural Circulation《Steam generator》It is interior Produce.Natural Circulation《Steam generator》Just as the cooking stove for boiling water, can only produce " saturated vapor ", it is impossible to produce " superheated steam ".

Nuclear power plant's reactor-loop cooling agent --- the temperature of " light-water " is 320 DEG C～350 DEG C." light-water " has gone out reactor extremely 《Steam generator》Heat exchange is carried out with secondary circuit feedwater, feedwater is added and is thermally generated 280 DEG C or so saturated vapors, entered《Steamer Machine generator》Constant entropy expansion is done work, and is condensed then, is returned《Steam generator》.Return after " light-water " cooling《Reactor》, it is complete Into primary Ioops circulation.

Limited heat transfer area, feedwater can not possibly be very high by temperature rise.If heating 280 DEG C of secondary circuit with the high temperature " light-water " of primary Ioops " saturated vapor " producing " superheated steam ", temperature also will not be by how much overheated.In the nuclear reaction that narrow space, cost are high Addition in heap《Steam superheater》, system will more complicated, cost will be more expensive, and temperature rise is also few, technology, economy All it is unworthy very much.Here it is the reason for nuclear power station uses " saturated vapor " rather than " supersaturated vapour ".Namely nuclear power Not high " congenital " reason of the thermal efficiency of standing.

Based on this, the delayed heat after the work done that the loop cooling water of nuclear power plant three need to be taken away than thermoelectricity it is necessary to be higher by 35%～50%. Due to these features of nuclear power, determine that：" thermal efficiency of nuclear power is more much lower than the thermal efficiency of thermoelectricity ".It is in abstract simplification Nuclear power secondary circuit steam reheat vapor cycle figure (accompanying drawing 3) on it is very clear.

Nuclear power【Rankine cycle】The work done on " water vapour tephigram " quantifies

(borrow：Regular higher education Eleventh Five-Year Plan National planning teaching material【Engineering Thermodynamics】, Shen Wei roads Tong Jungeng chief editors《4th Version》" Steam Power Equipment circulation " chapter, " reheat vapor cycle " section instance parameter and illustration, are quantified on " water vapour tephigram " Calculation is as follows：)

Example：p₁=6.69MPa, t₁=282.2 DEG C；With former exhaust steam condensation temperature as t₂=35 DEG C, corresponding exhaust steam exhaust steam pressure For p₂≈0.06×10⁵Pa, the work done on " water vapour tephigram " --- area with condensation temperature example is set to into t₂’≈4 DEG C, corresponding exhaust steam exhaust steam pressure p₂≈0.008×10⁵Pa is compared, diagrammatically obtain the two area difference it is absolute Value, is p divided by former exhaust steam exhaust steam pressure₂≈0.06×10⁵The business of the area gained of Pa, the thermal efficiency for as improving.

Jing mapping survey calculations：p₂≈0.06×10⁵Pa, the area of increase is～20.38%；If former example is determined：p₂≈0.07× 10⁵Pa, the then area for increasing is～21.23%；So, it is ＞ 20% that nominal increases area.I.e. nominal improves thermal efficiency ＞ 20%.

Refrigerating heat pump Air-conditioning Cycle

Kind of refrigeration cycle and heat pump cycle are all【Carnot cycle】·【Rankine cycle】Reverse circulation.The thermodynamics essence of the two is Identical.The work purpose of kind of refrigeration cycle is single refrigeration.Refrigeration species is a lot.Now, the overwhelming majority for running in the world is Steam compression type refrigeration.Heat pump, is to absorb heat from natural environment or from low-temperature heat source, and " heat " is transported to needs high temperature Space, i.e. both can refrigeration or pyrogenicity.The heating load of heat pump, be consume mechanical work with from low-temperature heat source draw heat it With.So, heat pump is that most economical, optimal sky withers machine.

Field using Refrigeration Technique is very wide.All cryogenic temperatures are higher than, equal to -100 DEG C (173K), referred to as freezing or general cold.It is low In -100 DEG C, claim deep cooling.

It is general cold, it is mainly used to air-conditioning.General cold-heat pump is modern large-scale, super-huge public construction of structures --- such as：The great hall, big play The optimal selection of the central air-conditioning such as institute, sports ground, government affairs mansion, city winter, summer air-conditioning centralizedly supply center.Refrigerating plant often with Heat pump united to use, the two mutually borrows power；Interactive gain.

Deep cooling, i.e. liquefaction technology.Such as：Air liquefaction is separated, to produce O₂、N₂And He₂、N_e；From natural gas and water-gas Separate H₂；CH is separated from oil gas₄、C₂H₂Deng.

Gas liquefaction is separated --- and based on cryogenics, deep cooling, general cold junction merge to be used.This is a national chemical field pole For important part.

It is envisioned that：" refrigerating heat pump air-conditioning " location is how important in national economy；The electricity of necessary transmission ＆ distribution It is how huge.If getting twice the result with half the effort, easily subtracting and save this bulk of energy consumption, meaning will be great.In theory：It is " preferable Kind of refrigeration cycle：Coefficient of refrigeration reduces with the reduction of cryogenic temperature and the rising of environment refrigerant temperature.In other words：Reduce environment cold Matchmaker's temperature can improve coefficient of refrigeration, i.e.,：Institute's energizing quantity is constant, and reducing environment refrigerant temperature can improve refrigerating capacity；Or refrigerating capacity is not Become, the energy of required consumption will be reduced.

Refrigerating heat pump Air-conditioning Cycle has a common ground：That is exactly that refrigeration filling will be cooled down with chilled water.It is based on This, it is refrigerant that enterprise can use " cleaning new energy --- ice and snow " that author has found, sets up a set of " and Heshui ice and snow work Journey skill " device, is held with " refrigeration air conditioner heat pump " system running stage in beginning with producing low temperature " and Heshui " by compression The high temperature refrigerant of hot temperature rise carries out heat exchange, receives " heat " in removing, by high temperature refrigerant condensation-→ be subcooled, with Increase refrigerating capacity contained by condensate liquid；It is greatly lowered " energy consumption of dynamic power machine operating ".What is：

S1, " ice and snow " and " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " is introduced【It is general cold】, increase can refrigerant coefficient of refrigeration Greatly, the refrigerating capacity of unit mass refrigerant increases.

S2, " ice and snow " and " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " is introduced【Deep cooling】, can make to need calming the anger for Jing multi-stage compressions The power that machine consumes is greatly lowered, and follow-up heat exchange load is greatly reduced.

S3, by " ice and snow " and " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " introducing " refrigerating heat pump air-conditioning " ", can improve entirety " coefficient of refrigeration " of refrigeration industry, i.e.,：Generally considerably reduce the power consumption of refrigeration industry.It can be seen that：By " ice and snow " with " and close Water-ice snow engineering skill " introducing " refrigerating heat pump air-conditioning " " system, the energy consumption that can make the sector is greatly lowered；System On the premise of not affecting itself to undertake load, the specification sequence that " dwarfing ", the system that " thin and weak " are arranged is reduced cold industry Equipment investment.

" solar energy water steam-electric power ", just shows up prominently in the world.Although " prefix " of its electricity generating principle is：Sun Light-→ high concentration nitrate the aqueous solution；But its " suffix " is remained：High-temperature steam-→ steam turbine-→ constant entropy expansion-→ exhaust steam Condensation-→ nitrate solution.It is also complete【Rankine cycle】.In this way, its " water vapour tephigram " also just includes bottom certainly One " isothermal, equipressure, condensation " line；Equally, just have with this【Invention】--- " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " goes Move down this line so as to the problem that the thermal efficiency of Steam Power Circulation is increased substantially.

At this stage the vapor (steam) temperature of " solar energy water steam-electric power " is 400～450 DEG C；Overall efficiency only has 20%.Introduce " ice and snow " can improve thermal efficiency ＞ 10% with " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill ".

Thermoelectricity, nuclear power, " solar energy water steam-electric power " Chang Deng factories《Turbine generator》" determining cold water " (stator is cold But water is referred to as) consumption is very big.According to data：One about 100,000 tons of 1000MW thermal power plant its daily " determining cold water ".China's Mainland is whole Thermoelectricity installation total capacity is 765,460,000 kilowatts (2011 end of the year data).Thermal power plant and nuclear power plant it is all《Steam turbine power generation Machine》" determine cold water " day by day and measure big to infer.If can apply via " ice and snow " and " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill Skill " and come from exhaust steam《Condenser》The part " and Heshui " of middle discharge, adjusts PH, is used as " determining cold water "；Then power plant " determining cold water " is expected to be settled a dispute by the parties concerned themselves in what the system, and in this way, power plant is from power consumption；Outside water intaking cleaning system, will subtract therewith significantly Lotus, " weight reducing ".If individually separately building a set of " and Heshui " EGR, an Optimal Decision-making of can yet be regarded as certainly.

All kinds of inorganic chemical industries, organic chemical industry, petrochemical industry and chemical fertilizer factory are using having《Compressor》.In its what running It is both needed to a large amount of cooling waters to cool down in cylinder and cylinder the high temperature refrigerant gas of by compression temperature rise.If such chemical enterprise draws Enter this【It was found that invention】--- " ice and snow " and " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill ", specially build a set of " and Heshui " circulation and set Apply, there is provided the cooling medium of " extraordinary cold ", to cool down in " compressor " cylinder and cylinder because of the working medium gas of the temperature rise by compression Body, then operate " compressor " needed for " energy consumption " will be greatly lowered；Can be this kind of " other duck arrange ", it is a large amount of save electric power and Improve operating mechanical lubrication, obtain much gains.

It is provided with chemical engineering unit operation《Condenser》Chemical enterprise, introduce this【It was found that invention】--- " ice and snow " With " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill ", specially build a set of " and Heshui " cycle facilities, with provide " extraordinary cold " cooling medium with Intending condensation working medium carries out heat exchange, is greatly improved condensation efficiency, saves electric power, the setting of " thinization " system.

The present invention is：With author find " cleaning new energy " --- " ice and snow " invent as fulcrum be referred to as " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill ", is realized with this and " increases substantially thermoelectricity nuclear power【Rankine cycle】The thermal efficiency.Method is Using " cold " that contained in " ice and snow " attribute, so that " isothermal and isobaric condensation " line (2-3 on " water vapour tephigram " Line) decline；Expand acting area, so as to harvest such as following many effects：

1st, it is right【Rankine cycle】Scientific and technical theoretical expansion, will【Thermodynamics】·【Pyrology】On【Rankine cycle】 (Rankine cycle) traditional science and technology theoretical " extend and enrich wide ".

2nd, to all applications【Rankine cycle】Principle is with this【Invention】The device for being generated electricity, is capable of achieving to increase substantially steam and moves The thermal efficiency of power circulation.

1. firepower can, be caused (by containing：All energy such as coal, oil, natural gas, shale gas, solar energy, combustible ice, biomass, underground heat is made Just【Rankine cycle】) generating thermal efficiency raising ＞ 10%.

2. the nuclear power generating thermal efficiency, can be caused to improve ＞ 20%.

3rd, the energy consumption of " refrigerating heat pump air-conditioning " can be greatly lowered.

4th, equipment obtain energy-conservation, the gain of many " other duck " heat exchanging process can be made.

5th, Coal-fired Thermal Power can be caused to economize on coal and reduces discharging ＞ 10%.

6th, can progressive desalination weak solution haze；Decline global greenhouse effect.

7th, thermoelectricity, nuclear power plant can be save traditional《Cooling tower》" the sky of the efficient heat transfer cooling technology got up with developed recently Cool island ".

The true essence of the present invention can " in one word "：

" ultimately reduce with ' cold ' of ' ice and snow '【Rankine cycle】Isothermal and isobaric condensation on " water vapour tephigram " Line, to extend【Rankine cycle】The area of theoretical work(→ ultimately improves the thermal efficiency of thermoelectricity nuclear power." or say：

" with water tri-state transition effects with【Rankine cycle】Associated and reduced on " water vapour tephigram " with diabatic process principle Isothermal and isobaric condensate line is option, is ultimately improved【Rankine cycle】The thermal efficiency.”

Implementation is comprised the following steps：

S1, described " ice and snow ", are that on the earth in addition to southern equatorial, the torrid zone, the subtropical zone on northern both sides, the Nature every year all can be Do not fall to the phase in certain climate and other natural phenomena of a season and long-term " ice " and " snow " for covering in polar region.

S2, " storage ice and snow " (1) refer to and are exclusively used in storing " cleaning new energy " --- " ice and snow " found by author Warehouse in stored " ice and snow ", Jing ice and snow transporters (2) is delivered to《With Heshui pond》(3) top freely falls into《With Heshui pond》(3) central authorities.

S3, " water circulating pump " (4) system will be falling into《With Heshui pond》(3) central " ice and snow " with《With Heshui pond》 (3) the fully agitation of " water " in and synthesis quality, temperature homogeneous " and Heshui ".

S4, described " and Heshui pump " (4) will《With Heshui pond》(3) " and the Heshui " in draw to《Condenser》(6) condensation on top " in pipe ", partition absorbs《Steam turbine》(17) arrange the exhaust steam condensation heat of coming, Jing " siphon " flows to threeway (7), what this, most of Jing " main inlet control valve (8) " return to《With Heshui pond》(3), complete " cold Jie --- and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " circulation；So Circulation is endlessly.

It is S5, described《Steam turbine》(17) exhaust steam discharged is directly entered《Condenser》(6), by its top condenser pipe, partition condensation Into condensed water, come together in《Condenser》(6) bottom.

S6, " condensate pump " (13) are certainly《Condenser》(6) bottom extract out condensed water, draw to《Condensation water heater》(14) in Heating, subsequently into《Boiler》(15).

It is S7, described《Boiler》(15) condensed water heating vaporization is become into high temperature, high steam, is entered back into《Steam superheater》 (16) become superhigh temperature, extra high pressure steam, run quickly into《Steam turbine》(17) make constant entropy expansion, tend to act《Steam turbine》(17) drive《Send out Motor》Generate electricity；Then exhaust steam flow direction is become《Condenser》(6), complete " working medium --- Water, steam circulation "；So circulate endlessly.

S8, described regulating valve (9) are aimed at using unnecessary and Heshui, are " refrigerating heat pump air-conditioning " etc. " other duck device " Convenient, cheap low-temperature cooling media is provided；Use rear discharge；Its regulated quantity general control input coefficient within the unit interval (matter) amount of " ice and snow ".

The crucial ring of S9, " cold Jie --- and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " circulation and " working medium --- Water, steam circulation " Section --- the final temperature of " and Heshui ", " and Heshui " and exhaust steam exist《Condenser》(6) temperature difference of porch, condensed water go out《Condenser》 (6) temperature etc. is equipped with intelligent temperature control adjusting indicating device.

This " it was found that invention " its " ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast "

It is：

1st, European first time industrial revolution period Mr. Rankine is founded【Rankine cycle】This then science and technology theory " prolong Stretch substantial wide ".

2nd, implement：Simply, it is easy；Original capital equipment, facility are without the need for transformation；The non-high level of equipment, facility of addition is high Valency；Output：Input ratio is high.

3rd, can cause：The thermal power generation thermal efficiency improves ＞ 10%；The nuclear power generating thermal efficiency improves ＞ 20%；Significantly

4th, economize on coal reduction of discharging ＞ 10%；

5th, degree reduces refrigeration, heat pump, the energy consumption of air-conditioning；Make many " other duck equipment " energy-conservations, gain.

6th, weak solution haze is desalinated；Decline global greenhouse effect；Save the high cooling tower of thermoelectricity, nuclear power cost, Air-Cooling Island.

7th, a large amount of jobs are created.

A part of accompanying drawing of the present invention is constituted, is for for for a further understanding of the present invention.The schematic enforcement of the present invention Example and its explanation are only used for explanation and brag about the present invention, do not constitute atypical annotation any to the present invention.

Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention：" and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " circulates schematic flow diagram.

Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention：Thermoelectricity【Rankine cycle】Incorporate the ideal heat after " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " Ideal thermal efficiency of the efficiency on " water vapour tephigram " quantifies figure.

Fig. 3 is nuclear power plant's secondary circuit steam reheat vapor cycle T-S figures.

Fig. 4 is this【Invention】Embodiment：Nuclear power【Rankine cycle】Incorporate the ideal after " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " Ideal thermal efficiency of the thermal efficiency on " water vapour tephigram " quantifies figure；

Fig. 5 is current (data in 2014) countries in the world nuclear power operating unit quantity figure.

In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and feature become apparent from understanding, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples to this Bright further description.But described specific embodiment only brags about the present invention explaining, do not constitute to present invention power Any atypical annotation that profit is required.

Fig. 1 shows " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " of the invention circulation schematic flow diagram.

With reference to Fig. 1, as shown in Figure 1 " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill ", mainly by " ice and snow ", " ice and snow transport Machine ",《With Heshui pond》, water circulating pump and Heshui pump,《Condenser》, threeway, main inlet control valve, secondary regulating valve, " other duck " utilize " and Heshui " facility,《Condensate pump》、《Condensation water heater》、《Boiler》、《Steam superheater》、《Turbine generator》Group Into.

Fig. 2 is shown thermoelectricity【Rankine cycle】The thermal efficiency of desired vapor power cycle, at " water vapour tephigram " On be quantified as the process of Fig. 2, be described below：

By example：p₁=140kg/cm², t₁=560 DEG C；p₂=0.05kg/cm², t₂≈32.5℃.Calculate ideal【Rankine cycle】 " work(" value (with area A_FireRepresent)；P is pressed again₂'=0.01kg/cm², t₂' 7 DEG C of ≈, calculate ideal【Rankine cycle】" work(" Value is (with area B_FireRepresent).Area B_Fire- area A_Fire=area C_Fire.As by p₂It is changed to p₂', t₂It is changed to t₂' increase " work(" value. Also it is：By ideal【Rankine cycle】" isothermal, equipressure, condensate line ", from p₂=0.05kg/cm², corresponding t₂≈32.5 DEG C it is reduced to p₂'=0.01kg/cm², corresponding t₂' 7 DEG C of ≈, " work(" value of increase.

Figure A will be quantified_FireIt is divided into 4 pieces, measures the length of side of each segment, by each geometry each area, ∑ is calculated It is added, as A_FireThe area of figure.

Area C_FireDivided by area A_Fire, the condensation temperature of exhaust steam is as reduced to 7 DEG C by its business from 32.5 DEG C, raising【Rankine is followed Ring】Desired vapor power cycle thermal efficiency value (percentage).

Measuring and calculating process can be at " water vapour tephigram " --- and it is very clear on Fig. 2.

With reference to Fig. 2, from the thermoelectricity shown in Fig. 2【Rankine cycle】Incorporate the reason after " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " Think on quantitative graph of the thermal efficiency on " water vapour tephigram ", can clear, quantitatively find out：Thermoelectricity, using this【Invention】Can The thermal efficiency is set to improve ＞ 10%.

Measuring and calculating processes result can be at " water vapour tephigram " --- and it is very clear on Fig. 2.

Fig. 3 shows nuclear power plant's secondary circuit steam reheat vapor cycle tephigram of the present invention.From the feature shown in Fig. 3, can be clear It is clear, quantitatively find out：The thermal efficiency of nuclear power is how high without thermoelectricity；And much higher than thermoelectricity of thermal efficiency raising value.

Fig. 4 is shown nuclear power【Rankine cycle】The desired vapor power cycle thermal efficiency is measured on " water vapour tephigram " Turn to the process of Fig. 4.It is described below：

By example：p₁=6.69MPa, t₁=282.2 DEG C；p₂≈0.056kg/cm², t₂≈35℃.Calculate ideal【Rankine cycle】 " work(" value (with area A_CoreRepresent)；P is pressed again₂'=0.01kg/cm², t₂' 7 DEG C of ≈, calculate ideal【Rankine cycle】" work(" Value is (with area B_CoreRepresent).Area B_Core- area A_Core=area C_Core.As by p₂It is changed to p₂', t₂It is changed to t₂' increase " work(" value. Also it is：By ideal【Rankine cycle】" isothermal, equipressure, condensate line " from p₂=0.056kg/cm², corresponding t₂≈35℃ It is reduced to p₂'=0.01kg/cm², corresponding t₂' 7 DEG C of ≈, " work(" value of increase.

Figure A will be quantified_CoreIt is divided into 4 pieces, measures the length of side of each segment, by each geometry each area, ∑ phase is calculated Plus, as A_CoreThe area of figure.

Area C_CoreDivided by area A_Core, the condensation temperature of exhaust steam is as reduced to 7 DEG C by its business from 35 DEG C, raising【Rankine cycle】 Desired vapor power cycle thermal efficiency value.

With reference to Fig. 4, from the nuclear power shown in Fig. 4【Rankine cycle】Introduce the reason after " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " Think on quantitative graph of the thermal efficiency on " water vapour tephigram ", can clear, quantitatively find out：Nuclear power, using this【Invention】Can The thermal efficiency for making nuclear power improves ＞ 20%.

Measuring and calculating processes result can be at " water vapour tephigram " --- and it is very clear on Fig. 4.

Fig. 5 be by：What author collected, the nuclear power station distribution map (2014) that countries in the world today possesses.

With reference to Fig. 5, the nuclear power station that countries in the world today possesses, according to author's sheet【It was found that invention】, introduce " and close Water-ice avenges engineering skill ", great advantage can be obtained.

The above is this【Invention】Embodiment, be not used to this【Invention】Restriction.It is all this【It was found that sending out It is bright】Made within thinking and principle to this【Invention】With to the affiliated any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements for continuing to use original setting With increase and decrease, category originally【Invention】" claim "；It is all contained in this【Invention】" claim " protection domain within.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of " ice and snow " using large nature is used as refrigerant, constant speed, equally throws and makees in initialization system in a certain amount of In " water " of shuttling movement, carry out therewith " and close ", form that quality is homogeneous, temperature less than former recirculated water " water-ice avenge and Heshui ", provides and creates " cleaning new energy " for the mankind.It is characterized in that：Described " ice and snow ", is except the torrid zone, sub- heat on the earth Band is outer, and the Nature all can not fallen to the phase " ice " and " snow " every year in certain climate and other natural phenomena of a season；Polar region, " ice " covered throughout the year and " snow ".

" ice and snow " and " water " and conjunction, form attribute of the money for mankind's " cleaning new energy ", are more than 60 summer in winter of author Jing Research and develop out.

2. with the cleaning new energy in large nature --- " ice " or " snow " or " ice+snow " and water and synthesis " water-ice snow and Heshui ", with author【Invention】A set of engineering skill and the design library part editor and reuse that constituted, to complete " to increase substantially thermoelectricity core Electricity【Rankine cycle】The thermal efficiency.Characterized in that, including：" storage ice and snow " (1), ice and snow transporter (2),《With Heshui pond》 (3), water circulating pump (4) and Heshui pump (5),《Condenser》(6), threeway (7), main inlet control valve (8), secondary regulating valve (9), unnecessary With Heshui storage tank (10), unnecessary and Heshui pump (11), " other duck " using and Heshui facility (12), condensate pump (13),《Condensed water Heater》(14)、《Boiler》(15)、《Steam superheater》(16)、《Turbine generator》(17) circulating system of composition such as. (wherein "《》" in be set to intend transformation thermoelectricity, the original setting of nuclear power system)

" storage ice and snow " (1) refers to and is exclusively used in storing " cleaning new energy " --- the storehouse of " ice and snow " found by author In storehouse stored " ice and snow ", Jing ice and snow transporters (2) is delivered to《With Heshui pond》(3) top freely falls into《And Heshui Pond》(3) central authorities；Open the water circulating pump (4) by " ice and snow " with《With Heshui pond》(3) water in is fully stirred and is combined into Quality temperature homogeneous " and Heshui "；Described and Heshui pump (5) will《With Heshui pond》(3) " and the Heshui " in draw to《Condensing Device》(6) condensation " in pipe " on top, partition absorbs《Steam turbine》(17) condensation heat of the exhaust steam for coming is arranged, Jing " siphon " flows to three Logical (7), thus, most of Jing main inlet control valves (8) return to《With Heshui pond》(3), complete " cold Jie --- and Heshui ice and snow work Journey skill " is circulated；So circulate endlessly.

It is described《Steam turbine》(17) exhaust steam discharged is entered《Condenser》(6), condensed water is condensed into by its top condenser pipe partition, Come together in《Condenser》(6) bottom；The condensate pump (13) is certainly《Condenser》(6) bottom extract out condensed water, draw to《Condensed water Heater》(14) heating in, subsequently into《Boiler》(15) condensed water heating vaporization is become into high temperature, high steam, then is entered Enter《Steam superheater》(16) become superhigh temperature, extra high pressure steam, march on towards《Steam turbine》(17) make constant entropy expansion, tend to act《Steamer Machine》Drive《Generator》Generate electricity；Then exhaust steam flow direction is become《Condenser》(6), complete " working medium --- Water, steam circulation "；So Circulation is endlessly.Described time regulating valve (9) is aimed at using unnecessary and Heshui, is that " refrigerating heat pump air-conditioning " etc. " other duck " has Close device, there is provided convenient, cheap low-temperature cooling media, use rear discharge；Its regulated quantity general control is in unit interval input system The quality of " ice and snow " of system.

3. with " water " in tri-state transfer process with heat absorption, the physical property of heat release with【Rankine cycle】In weary gas between use chemical industry Diabatic process principle is associated in unit operation, is with " isothermal, the equipressure, condensation " line moved down on " water vapour tephigram " Option, realization can ultimately improve the engineering skill of thermal power generation, the nuclear power generation thermal efficiency；Characterized in that, picking from the Nature " ice " or " snow " or " ice+snow " using ice and snow storage (1) in logistics Yun Chu what factory in, will with ice and snow transporter (2) " ice " or " snow " or " ice+snow " is delivered to《With Heshui pond》(3) top so as to freely fall into《With Heshui pond》(3) central authorities, open Dynamic water circulating pump (4) agitation《With Heshui pond》(3) water in, by " ice " or " snow " or " ice+snow " ablation is sufficiently mixed therewith； Using intelligent auto-control temperature, quality is homogeneous, temperature T is lim T=0 DEG C～36 DEG C " water-ice snow and conjunction are formed Water ".

(above-mentioned " lim " is【The differential calculus】The meaning of upper " leveling off to ").

4. according to claim 3 the temperature of " water-ice is avenged and Heshui " is：Lim T=0 DEG C～36 DEG C, its actual enforcement The temperature spot or temperature range section of needs, falls what therebetween；Specially be provided with can what carry out temperature adjusting mechanism around here, can be according to reality Demand is implemented on border, at any time by with the temperature for closing basin outlet and Heshui pump intake, regulation and control what on arbitrary temperature spot or appoints around here Meaning temperature range section.

5. " water-ice is avenged and Heshui " of relative lim T=0 DEG C～36 DEG C for low temperature according to claim 3 enters 《Condenser》(3) flow velocity in condensation tubulation, is allowed to exist with the relative exhaust steam for high temperature《Condenser》(3) temperature of both porch Degree difference is maintained at：Δ T >=1 DEG C～≤36 DEG C in the range of.Characterized in that, intelligent control " water-ice is avenged and Heshui " temperature, prison Survey《Condenser》(3) the weary general temperature in porch, regulation and control and Heshui pump (5) lift, capacity are achieved.

6. the phase of the relative low temperature of " water-ice avenge and Heshui " according to claim 5 and exhaust steam in condenser porch To high temperature, the temperature difference of the two should be maintained at：Δ T >=1 DEG C～≤36 DEG C in the range of；Its actual temperature difference point for implementing to need or temperature Range section all falls within therebetween；Needs can be implemented according to actual at any time, be regulated and controled what around here on arbitrary specified temp point or specific Temperature range section.

7. " and Heshui ice and snow engineering skill " is applied in what chemical engineering unit operation heat exchanging process, " extraordinary cold " can be obtained cold It is situated between, arranges so as to preferable energy-conservation, a class of gain effect can be obtained, author can referred to as utilizes this principle being set to gain " other duck "；Such as：During Steam Power Circulation generates electricity《Turbine generator》With " Leng Dingshui "；All kinds of inorganic chemical industries, organise Work, petrochemical industry and synthesis ammonia " compressor ", " condenser " etc. are intended to " extraordinary cold " cold Jie and machinery, condensation working medium Heat exchange is carried out, to obtain cooling, condensation effect are increased substantially, save electric power, " thinization " system.So waiting " other duck equipment " Using the running of " extraordinary cold " cold Jie, all category originally【Invention】Scope of the claimed protection.

8.【Invention】Claim 1；Claim 2；Claim 3；Claim 4；Claim 5；Claim 6 institute State, be not limited to (with coal, oil, gas, light, underground heat etc. as the energy) thermal power generation, nuclear power generation, all utilizations【Rankine cycle】Principle The device of generating：Such as " solar energy water steam-electric power ", " cogeneration ", " biomass power generation " and " other duck equipment " running Deng available sheet【Invention】Principle is realizing increasing substantially the thermal efficiency and energy-conservation, the gain of its generating；It is this【Invention】Respectively Item scope of the claimed protection.

9.【Invention】Implementation steps：

S1, is delivered in " ice " or " snow " or " ice+snow " with ice and snow transporter (2) from " storage ice and snow " (1)《And Heshui Pond》(3) top, is allowed to freely fall into《With Heshui pond》(3) central authorities；

S2, starts the water circulating pump (4) agitation rotation《With Heshui pond》(3) " water " in, by " ice " or " snow " or " ice+ Snow " fully melts therewith, using intelligent control, is allowed to be formed that quality is homogeneous, " the water-ice of T=0 DEG C of temperature lim～36 DEG C Snow and Heshui ".

S3, described and Heshui pump (5) from《With Heshui pond》(3) " water-ice snow and the conjunction of lim T=0 DEG C～36 DEG C are drawn in Water "；Draw to《Condenser》(6) tubulation " in pipe " in, with《Condenser》(6) tubulation in " pipe is outer " from《Steam turbine》(17) Exhaust steam, carry out partition heat exchange, the temperature difference of the two is maintained at：Δ T >=1 DEG C～≤36 DEG C in the range of, make weary vapor condensed water Temperature is down to temperature >=1 DEG C than " water-ice is avenged and Heshui ", and corresponding exhaust steam pressure is down to >=0.00611 × 10⁵Pa, such as It is to constitute【Rankine cycle】" isobaric isothermal condensation " this line in " water vapour tephigram " is just moved down；What is, by " constant entropy expansion " line, " reversible adiabatic compression " line, " equipressure rises gentle isobaric vaporization " line, " isobaric isothermal condensation " four, line The area that line is surrounded just is increased, that is,：【Rankine cycle】The theoretical work for being done just is increased.

S4,《With Heshui pond》(3) quality completed in is homogeneous, " water-ice snow and the conjunction of T=0 DEG C of temperature lim～36 DEG C Water ", absorbs " heat " of exhaust steam condensed water, after temperature rising certainly《Condenser》(6) tubulation " in the pipe " bottom in is through one Individual " siphon " flows through threeway (7), then Jing main inlet control valves (8) are returned to《With Heshui pond》(3) with it is constantly defeated by ice and snow transporter (2) " ice " or " snow " or " ice+snow " sent carries out " and conjunction ", and formation quality is homogeneous, " the water of T=0 DEG C of temperature lim～36 DEG C Ice and snow and Heshui "；Complete " cold Jie --- water-ice is avenged and Heshui " circulation；Circulate in this way endlessly.

S5, it is described《Steam turbine》(17) exhaust steam of the auspicious outflow of low pressure exists《Condenser》(6) it is cold by " and Heshui " absorbing and cooling temperature in Congeal into water, sinks via condensate pump (13)《Condensation water heater》(14) it is heated up condensed water into boiler (15) Become high temperature, high steam, then rotate into《Steam superheater》(16) become superhigh temperature, extra high pressure steam, run quickly then into《Steamer Machine》(17) make constant entropy expansion, tend to act《Generator》Generate electricity.Do and become after shaft work exhaust steam, flowed to《Condenser》(6) it is cold But it is condensed into water；Complete " working medium --- Water, steam circulation "；Circulate in this way endlessly.

S6, it is described go out《Condenser》(6) condensed water Jing《Condensation water heater》(14) and《Steam superheater》(16) form super High temperature, extra high pressure steam, required " heat ", is from fire coal《Boiler》(15) absorb in tail gas.

S7, " the other duck equipment ", refers to：It is with thermoelectricity, " condenser " (6) of nuclear power coolant temperature is pursued it is more low more Heat exchanger device in good theory identical some industrial, engineerings.

S8, described regulating valve (9) is to aim at " other duck equipment " to provide convenient, cheap low-temperature cooling media and arrange；Its Regulated quantity general control puts into (matter) amount of " ice " or " snow " or " ice+snow " of " engineering skill " system in the unit interval.

S9, using this【Invention】：" increase substantially thermoelectricity, nuclear power【Rankine cycle】The engineering skill of the thermal efficiency ", can save Thermal power plant, nuclear power plant's cost be high, running cost not gangster《Cooling tower》(18) and in recent years to save cooling tower steam in a large number Send out cooling water resources and grow up " Air-Cooling Island ".

S10, this【Invention】Exemplary enforcement, explanation and to this【Invention】In continue to use original system equipment, the improvement of facility, Reinforcing：Such as " insulation will be taken with Heshui pond (3) "；" and Heshui cleaner " is set with Heshui pump (5) suction inlet；" increase 《Condenser》(6) conduct heat and accumulate " or improve and Heshui entrance《Condenser》(6) flow velocity is only used with improving heat transfer coefficient etc. In explaining, brag about this【Invention】, do not constitute any " abnormal type " annotation.

S11, greatly falls solar term, period and the magnitude of ice and snow, different with region；" sent out using this in the national whole world Now invent " engineering skill, with " ice and snow special container " logistics mode can be used to balance it；The whole nation can hereby be founded Worldwide production " picking storehouse storage transportation logisticses one continuous line " service industry, has founded a large amount of ice and snow logistics employment hilllocks Position.(" ice and snow special container " is separately applied).