CN106438242A - Hydraulicpower generation system utilizing ocean thermal energy conversion - Google Patents
Hydraulicpower generation system utilizing ocean thermal energy conversion Download PDFInfo
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- CN106438242A CN106438242A CN201611212327.0A CN201611212327A CN106438242A CN 106438242 A CN106438242 A CN 106438242A CN 201611212327 A CN201611212327 A CN 201611212327A CN 106438242 A CN106438242 A CN 106438242A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
- F03G7/05—Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic power generation system utilizing ocean thermal energy conversion and relates to the technical field of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC). The hydraulic power generation system utilizing ocean thermal energy conversion is characterized in that an initial pressure slightly higher than a saturation line and temperature are provided for a low-boiling-point working medium at the bottom in a closed heat tube system, thermal power-gravity circulation of the working medium in the closed heat tube system is achieved through a heating system and a cooling system of the system, and ocean temperature difference energy is converted into electric energy through a turbine and a generator set. The construction technology difficulty and construction and operation costs of an OTEC power station are remarkably reduced, the total cost is lower than those of existing other types of power station, and OTEC is really played at a cheap and practical stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ocean thermal energy fluid power electricity generation system, belong to ocean thermal energy conversion (Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion, OTEC) technical field.
Background technology
Ocean thermal energy conversion (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, OTEC) technology is using tropical and sub-
The thermo-electric generation existing between tropical sea surface and deep sea water.Ocean thermal energy is sufficiently stable, no obvious day-night change, no
Discharge carbon dioxide or other polluters, and fresh water can be obtained, thus it is likely to become solution global warming and hydropenia
The effective means [1] of these 21 century maximum environmental problems.The region more than 20 DEG C for the world ocean average of the whole year water temperature accounts for entirely
More than half of ocean area, China East Sea and the South Sea are the ocean energy source regions of very high-quality.General sea surface is deep with 350 meters
The thermostat layer at place has>16 DEG C of the temperature difference, the Tropical Ocean Area temperature difference can reach 25 DEG C.Sea belongs to uniform for 0～100 meter vertically downward
Layer, temperature change is faint；It is thermocline at 100～200 meters, water temperature rapid decrease；There is a constant temperature at 350 meters about places of the depth of water
Layer, temperature, at 6～4 DEG C, then increases with depth, and water temperature is gradually reduced（Often deep 1000 meters, about decline 1 DEG C～2 DEG C）.At present,
The pumping system generating electricity from deep-sea extraction Mare Frigoris water to sea and the cooperation of top layer temperature sea water is ripe, and Mare Frigoris water is hundreds of from depth
The temperature drop that rice deep-sea is transported to ocean surface can control within 1 degree, so long distance delivery has substantially no effect on ocean thermal gradients
Generating effect.
From Frenchman Da Song in 1881 cut down ear propose ocean thermal energy conversion be susceptible to go through now with the development of more than 130 years
History, ocean thermal energy conversion technology obtains greater advance, and important progress is following [2]：Nineteen twenty-six French physician G. Claude
Start the experiment of ocean thermal energy, he in nineteen twenty-nine first in Cuba horse but Sa Si bay is coastal has built up an open circulation and send out
Electric installation, generating output 22KW, but because water pump wasted work is too big, do not have net electric energy output to fail.1964 American scientists
J.H. Anderson et al. contemplates a kind of new closed cycle " ocean thermal energy conversion " OTEC electric station.1973 in energy
Under the promotion of source crisis, Japan and the U.S. have all carried out related basic research.In " sunlight is listed OTEC research by Japan within 1974
Plan ".The same year, american energy research and development management board（One of existing predecessor of Ministry of Energy of ERDA）Set up Hawaii official natural
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, has carried out the research to OTEC.Japanese Saga University successfully sends 1KW electric power in laboratory within 1977.1979
Year, first OTEC device with net power output built up in Hawaii, America in the world, was 50KW floatation type OTEC power station.
The U.S. has built another floatation type OTEC power station, theoretical generated output 1MW again within 1980, is mainly used in demonstration and test is ground
Study carefully, be fitted without turbine power generation.Japanese Saga University has carried out the examination experiment of OTEC sea within 1980, and company of Tokyo Electric Power exists within 1981
Bank base OTEC power station is set up in Nauru, successfully tests generated output and can reach 120KW.Nineteen eighty-two, company of Kyushu Electric Power was in sika
Er Daoxianzhi sets up on island bank base OTEC power station, successfully tests generated output 50KW.U.S.'s Kalina teaching inventive sets within 1985
Having counted using ammonia and aqueous mixtures is the heat circulating system of working medium.Japanese OTEC association sets up within 1988.Nineteen ninety, Japan was in deer
Er Dao county Bing Yongliangbu island establishes the bank base enclosed power station of 1MW, in addition to generating electricity using thermal gradient energy, is additionally operable to aquaculture and sky
Adjust.The U.S. in 1993 has built up the bank base open circulation OTEC power station of 210KW in Hawaii, generates electricity and also can produce fresh water simultaneously,
But remove in 1999 because taking up an area and can not get a profit.The upper former circulation of Uehara Shuno of Japanese Saga University teaching inventive in 1994
System.Calendar year 2001 Indian country marine technology is started to build the floating closed cycle OTEC Demonstration Station of 1MW.2005, sea
Foreign thermal gradient energy promotes tissue（Abbreviation OPOTEC）Set up in Japanese Saga.2005, Indian country marine technology place Kavala
The bank base closed cycle power station of 100 cubes of fresh water of daily output has been built on base of a fruit island.2009, U.S. government transferred to 1.48 hundred million dollars of special funds
Support Lockheed Martin Corporation exploitation OTEC key component and perfect experiment power plant conceptual design, and successfully built positioned at U.S.
2～4MW test device of state Wei Jiliya state horse traction Sa Si, is simulated test, real output under variableness
40KW, and 2011 Hawaii Ke Na establish 40KW experiment power plant put into effect.
Explore and technology development through 130 years of researches, the basis required for marine floating platform formula and bank base formula power plant
Technology has remarkable progress, such as platform technology, platform location technology, heat exchanger technology, platform interface technology, cold water pipe skill
Art, submarine cable technology, pump and turbine technology, single unit system integrated technology etc. have all reached preferable available horizontal.
But OTEC technology never has new development in terms of principle, lack original innovation and improve, so OTEC sends out
The low essential defect of electric high cost, efficiency is difficult to overcome always.Up to now, all OTEC generator experimentals and research device be still
Using Rankine cycle, rankine cycle, Kalina circulation and its derivative Principle Method, feature is summarized as follows：（1）Closed cycle
(intermediate medium method) is to use low-boiling point material, the such as working medium such as ammonia, freon, completes rankine cycle in loop.It is special
Point is that system is in direct draught, and working substance steam density is big, and volume flow is little, and flow passage component size will not be excessive.But its vaporizer
Surface-type heat exchanger must be used with condenser, bulky and power is little, relatively difficult in maintenance.（2）Open circulation (flash method or
Dilatation method) with sea water as working medium, condensate does not return in circulation.Its flash vessel and condenser can use direct contact heat exchanger, knot
Structure is simple, easy to maintenance.If using surface condenser, can by-product fresh water.Although the energy conversion efficiency of open system is high
In closed system, but because the efficiency of low-pressure turbine does not know, and the density of vapor is all relatively low with pressure, therefore the dress that generates electricity
Put capacity less, generate electricity unsuitable for Large Copacity.But low temperature steam-laden pressure is extremely low, and specific volume is huge, flow passage component size
Excessive.（3）Mixing circulation is substantially identical with closed cycle, but heats low boiling with the low-pressure steam that warm sea water flashes off
Working medium.Ocean thermal gradients power station can be divided into bank base power station and boat form floating power station.In 5 kilometers of offshore, the depth of water reaches km, the temperature difference reaches 18
DEG C marine site can set up continental rise power station, deep-sea cold water intake pipe is its key project problem.（4）Document [1] also proposes hybrid
Ocean temperature difference power generating system, is mainly made up of dynamical system, seawater pipe and factory building foundation structural system.Dynamical system is divided
For vaporizer, solar thermal collector, condenser, working fluid, turbogenerator and 6 parts of pump.Using solar energy for increasing
The big temperature difference is favourable, but the stability departing from ocean energy, key component is not innovated.
In energy conversion efficiency with utilize aspect, Rankine and Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb) Lindl cycle generating system conversion ratio in theory are not higher than
2.9%, 4.5～5.0% can be reached using doubling the complicated Kalina circulation theory transformation efficiency limit in theory, if
Remove the energy expenditure that system operating needs, net delivery efficiency is often less than 2%.Because the working medium such as ammonia used are rotten to material
Corrosion is especially strong, and the core such as heat exchanger composition must be manufactured using titanium, involves great expense, its economy is far away from fossil energy and core
Energy.
In terms of OTEC construction cost and operation cost of electricity-generating：Document [3] is with the real purchasing power of 2010 and reality profit
Rate is estimated to cash flow, builds the mixing circulation boat form thermal gradient energy electricity generation system of a 5MW, and the seabed using 93.2KM
The minimum unit price that electricity is transported to bank engineering is at least 13000 dollars/KW by cable, and this numerical value is significantly larger than existing each
Plant the unit price [4] of generation engineering.Scientist estimates, when thermal gradient energy electricity generation system larger when unit price can be notable
Reduce.American Studies person thinks the unit of the closed cycle offshore platform formula thermal gradient energy electricity generation system of the 75MW away from seashore 3.73KM
Cost can significantly reduce to 8000 dollars/KW [5].This numerical value and Japanese Scientists in 2000 marine enclosed temperature to 100MW
The unit price valuation of difference energy TRT is close, is approximately 2.6 times, 2 times of thermal power generation, 1.5 times of nuclear power of water power, with life
The unit price of agents in combination cycle generating system and urban solid garbage electric station is quite [6,7].Ocean thermal energy send out
Electric cost be about 0.15 dollar/KWh [5], about existing thermal power generation, natural gas power, 2 times of nuclear energy power generation cost.Although
So, the U.S. and American-European government, all in the research persistently increasing OTEC technology, entrust famous enterprise Luo Kexi from U.S. government
Moral company（Lockheed Martin）Have studied input cost and the output efficiency of OTEC Life cycle, in 2012 comprehensively
Complete to work out and issued DE-EE0002663 file（List of references [8]）, the document is the industrialization offer of OTEC industry
Valuable data information and some technical standards.List of references [8] is expected the OTEC power station totle drilling cost of 100 mw scale in 2018
It is reduced to 0.177 dollar/kilowatt hour, 0.157 dollar/kilowatt hour can be reduced to 2037 total annual costs.
In a word, ocean thermal energy is substantially a kind of very low natural energy resources of energy density it is difficult to collect and using being it
Fundamental drawback.But, ocean thermal energy is absolute green energy resource and the inexhaustible energy, if there being a kind of brand new principle method
Make it develop cost and be reduced to close to fossil energy cost, then the ecological, environmental protective that it brings is worth, social value will be
Huge.
List of references：[1] Yang Pengcheng, chapter is come. ocean thermal energy conversion technology. renewable energy power generation. and 2009,
No.1, P38-41.
[2] Su Jiachun etc., oceanic thermal energy conversion present Research and the development prospect in China, Chinese offshore oil and gas.
Vol24, No.4, P84-98.
[3] Magesh R. OTEC technology- A world of clean energy and water [C]//
Proceedings of the world congress on Engineering. UK. London, 2010.
[4] IEA NEA. Projected costs of Generating Electricity [R]. 2010.
[5] Plocek T.J, Laboy M, Mari J.A. Ocean thermal energy conversion
(OTEC): technical viability cost projections and development strategies [C].
Houston: Offshore Technology conference: 2009.
[6] Takahashi M.M, OTEC is not a dream [R]. Tokyo: Terra Scientific
Publishing Company, 2000: P37-38.
[7] U.S.Energy Iformation Administration. Updated capital cost estimates
for electricity generation plants [EB/OL]. http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/beck_
plantcosts/index/html.
[8] DE-EE0002663 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Life Cycle Cost
Assessment.
Content of the invention
In order to overcome current ocean thermal energy conversion（OTEC）System cost is high, technical difficulty is big, be difficult to build and be difficult to reality
The problem now got a profit, the present invention proposes a kind of ocean thermal energy fluid power electricity generation system using brand-new operation principle.
Described ocean thermal energy fluid power electricity generation system principle of compositionality is as shown in Figure 1：By evaporating heat exchanger, condensing heat-exchange
Device, vapor uptake road, liquid down-comer road, turbine and generating set connect composition heat pipe-type closed cycle system；By cold
Solidifying heat exchanger, Mare Frigoris waterpipe and Mare Frigoris water pump composition connected vessels type cooling system；By evaporating heat exchanger, warm seawater pipeline and
Warm sea water pump forms heating system.Its basic functional principle is：It is made up of evaporating heat exchanger, warm seawater pipeline and warm sea water pump
Heating system constantly for closed cycle system provide thermal source；By condensing heat exchanger, Mare Frigoris waterpipe and Mare Frigoris water pump group
The connected vessels type cooling system becoming is constantly closed cycle system quick heat radiating；Within the closed cycle system of heat pipe-type
Bottom, low boiling liquid working media is heated to boiling temperature T by evaporating heat exchanger1Evaporation, the steam of formation is in adiabatic expansion
Micro condensation is had to form drop in uphill process, supersaturated vapor air-flow is mingled with micro drop and rises to High aititude position, then
The condensing heat exchanger of cooled system is cooled to temperature T less than saturation curve2And condense into liquid completely；Steam is because of condensation
Suddenly reduce formation negative pressure for its volume of liquid, the pressure reduction that negative pressure is formed promotes bottom steam continuously to rise to fill up negative pressure
, after entering condensing heat exchanger, there is condensation phase transformation in area；Instantaneously coagulated a large amount of liquid refrigerant imports and declines pipeline, by huge
The gravitional force that height above sea level is formed promotes turbine operating, and potential energy is become mechanical energy by turbine, and then is converted by electromotor
Become electric energy.In Fig. 1（a）（b）Diagram principle is identical.Left figure in Fig. 1（a）Whole electricity generation system is slipped into by full submersible system
Undersea form, system building and enforcement are the simplest, can avoid marine adverse weather conditions, right figure in Fig. 1（b）Semi-submersible type
The condensing heat exchanger of system is placed in the high empty position on sea, and this is to increase to adapt to sea water advanced limited satisfaction simultaneously
A kind of variations of the power output of electricity generation system.
Energy conversion cycles process in gravity heat-pipe type closed cycle system for the described working media is as shown in Fig. 2 whole
Individual circulation includes 5 processes：1-2 is that gas rises adiabatic expansion, increases air pressure with height and reduces, temperature reduces；2-3 is
Supersaturated gas level pressure condensation phase transition process within the condenser；3-4 is that liquid is subject to gravity thermal insulation decline process, and liquid reaches minimum
At the turbine of end, pressure reaches maximum, and friction causes temperature to have faint increase；4-5 is liquid through turbine pressure leak process, liquid weight
Power potential energy is turbomachinery energy, turbomachinery energy and then be converted into electric energy by generating set；5-1 is liquid in vaporizer
Middle level pressure is heated to saturated liquid and vaporizes formation gas process.
Described by the heating system that evaporating heat exchanger, warm seawater pipeline and warm sea water pump form be positioned in sea with
Under, surface seawater, more than 20 DEG C, can be introduced by pipeline and water pump and steam by the warm band long-term mean temperature of sea surface water temperature
Send out heat exchanger, more than 20 DEG C of continual and steady thermal source can be obtained by this heating system.Warm sea water pump is to flow through evaporating heat exchanger
Warm sea water provides horizontal direction or the power flowing downward, and concrete energy consumption is according to pipe diameter, duct length, damped coefficient, stream
The many factors such as speed, flow determine, its power consumption calculation formula is：P Damage =ρgm∑H f , wherein ρ is fluid density, and g is that gravity is normal
Number, m is every second flow, ∑H f It is loss in head, its computing formula ∑H f =(λl/d+ξ)u^2/2g, wherein, λ is friction system
Number,lIt is length of straight pipe,dIt is warp in pipe, ξ is all elbow resistance coefficient summations,uFor flow velocity.
The described connected vessels type cooling system being made up of condensing heat exchanger Mare Frigoris waterpipe and Mare Frigoris water pump, one end sea
Water inlet is deep into the thermostat layer at 350 meters of b.s.l., and middle part link radiator is placed in high-altitude（Shown in Fig. 1 b）Or sea
Below face（Shown in Fig. 1 a）, the other end is that seawer outlet is also placed in sea closed communication formed below device.Mare Frigoris water pump
There is provided power deep-sea thermostat layer<4 DEG C of cold Seawater inhalation linkers, Mare Frigoris water rises through condensing heat exchanger to closed circulation system
Working media in system is lowered the temperature, and Mare Frigoris water declines after intensification and enters below sea.Because being the cooling system of connected vessels type
System two ends are all slipped in sea water, are a kind of typical closed communication device systems, so lifting sea water does not need to overcome gravity acting,
Mare Frigoris water pump only needs to provide the power overcoming sea water and tube friction, concrete energy consumption according to pipe diameter, duct length,
The many factors such as damped coefficient, flow velocity, flow determine, its power consumption calculation formula is：P Damage =ρgm∑H f , wherein ρ is fluid density,
G is gravity constant, and m is every second flow, ∑H f It is loss in head, its computing formula ∑H f =(λl/d+ξ)u^2/2g, wherein, λ
It is coefficient of friction,lIt is length of straight pipe,dIt is warp in pipe, ξ is all elbow resistance coefficient summations,uFor flow velocity.
Described heat pipe-type closed cycle system is to be passed through by evaporating heat exchanger, condensing heat exchanger, turbine and electromotor
Sealing pipeline connects and composes.The working media being sealing into internal system can be carbon dioxide or other low-boiling point materials, according to
The saturation curve of working media（As shown in Figure 2）, this system provides and allows the working medium can be at normal temperatures（Such as 4～20 DEG C）Boiling
Initial saturated vapour pressure, can persistently evaporate rising at normal temperatures for working media provides air pressure conditions.Closed cycle system
Internal gaseous working medium is equally all affected by earth gravitational field with the atmosphere of earth surface, bottom gas pressure with
Highly rise air pressure can decline, actual gas with the barometric formula of height change is：P=P0.e^(hgM/(1000.T.N.k)),
Wherein P0It is inner bottom（If the height of the bottom plane of reference is zero）Gas pressure intensity, P be height be h position gas pressure intensity, e
For natural constant, g is acceleration of gravity, and M is gas molecule molal weight, and T is absolute temperature, and N is avogadros constant, k
For Boltzmann constant.Gas rises air pressure and increases with height and reduce, gas expansion（Gas adiabatic expansion）Acting temperature fall
Low, the boiling point of gas reduces simultaneously.The boiling point that gas reaches condenser place height is reduced to T ', the Mare Frigoris coming from the pump of deep-sea
Coolant-temperature gage is less than T ', makes gas condensates phase transformation by cooling system.After steam condensation phase transformation, its volume reduces shape suddenly
Become negative pressure, negative pressure promotes bottom steam continuously to rise to fill up negative pressuren zone, and enter condensing heat exchanger and condensation phase occurs
Become；Instantaneously coagulated a large amount of liquid working media imports and declines pipeline, promotes turbine operating by huge height above sea level potential energy,
Potential energy is become mechanical energy by turbine, and then changes into electric energy by generating set.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
First, the present invention has overturned conventional ocean thermal energy conversion OTEC know-why from principle, by the heating power-weight of working media
Power circulation can collect low-density ocean thermal energy, significantly reduces the building technology difficulty in OTEC power station and to construction material
The requirement of material, construction cost is less than and fossil energy（Coal-fired）Power station and large-scale water conservancy power station.
2nd, the low boiling working media that the selectable specific heat capacity of the present invention is little, latent heat is little such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc. are all
It is completely green non-poisonous material, the restriction of the extremely strong ammonia of the conventional corrosivity of current OTEC can be departed from.The work of green non-pollution
Medium will be completely eliminated the negative effect to environment, and greatly reduces the requirement to construction material, can not use tradition
The titanium alloy of the costliness that OTEC technology is adopted, but use commonly corrosion-free pressure vessel rustless steel, aluminium alloy or carbon steel instead
?.
3rd, the zero-emission that the present invention has been truly realized, is thoroughly improved haze and the water pollution that fossil energy generating brings
Crisis.Power station round-the-clock can provide stable, lasting, green electric power energy, and generate electricity and be less than fossil with maintenance cost
The energy（Coal-fired）Power station.
4th, the present invention is suitable for setting up entirely latent or semi-submersible type float electric generating station, also is adapted for setting up the complete of fixation in seabed
Dive or semi-submersible type electric station；It is also particularly suitable for setting up large-scale and super-huge electric station, for example building flow is 15 tons/second, highly
Differ from the full submersible power station that the net power for 600 meters is 60 megawatts it is contemplated that 200,000,000 yuans of total investment for construction, be roughly equal to cost 3333
Unit/KW.Its construction cost invested the 3835 yuan/KW of Fengcheng power plant cost of 2000 megawatts of 76.7 hundred million yuan also than 2016
Low.If power station is only 0.02 yuan/kilowatt hour according to 40 years Life Calculation, its construction cost.Operation cost is then essentially from a small amount of
Monitoring management labour cost and pipeline renewal cleaning expense, its totle drilling cost will be substantially less than other kinds power station totle drilling cost at present.
Brief description：Fig. 1：System for the present invention is constituted and principle schematic, point（a）Full submersible（b）Two kinds of semi-submersible type
Situation；
Fig. 2：For the present invention working medium circulation work thermal temperature and barogram it is shown that heating power-gravity circulation 5 processes and
Location point；
Fig. 3：For the present invention be embodied as system organigram it is shown that（a）Front view（b）Left view（c）Top view（d）
Axonometric drawing；
Fig. 4：It is embodied as example evaporating heat exchanger internal structure for the present invention；
Fig. 5：It is embodied as example condensing heat exchanger internal structure for the present invention.
Specific embodiment：
Described invention ocean thermal energy fluid power electricity generation system be by：Working media, evaporating heat exchanger, vapor uptake road, condensation
Heat exchanger, liquid down-comer road, turbine and electromotor, warm seawater pipeline, and Mare Frigoris waterpipe are constituted.Wherein, changed by evaporation
Hot device, condensing heat exchanger, turbine and electromotor pass through to seal pipeline connection composition gravity heat-pipe type closed cycle system；By cold
Sea water pump, condensing heat exchanger pass through to seal pipeline composition connected vessels type cooling system；It is made up of warm sea water pump, evaporating heat exchanger and add
Hot systems.Concrete operating principle is as shown in Figure 1：The heating system being made up of warm sea water pump, evaporating heat exchanger is constantly envelope
Closed loop system provides thermal source；The connected vessels type cooling system being consisted of pipeline Mare Frigoris water pump, condensing heat exchanger is constantly
For closed cycle system quick heat radiating；Bottom within the closed cycle system of heat pipe-type, low boiling liquid working media quilt
Evaporating heat exchanger is heated to boiling temperature evaporation, and the steam of formation has micro condensation to form liquid in rising adiabatic expansion
Drip, supersaturated vapor air-flow is mingled with micro drop and rises to High aititude position, the condensing heat exchanger cooling of the system that is then cooled
To condense into liquid less than the temperature of saturation curve and completely；Suddenly to reduce formation negative because being condensed into its volume of liquid for steam
Pressure, the pressure reduction that negative pressure is formed promotes bottom steam continuously to rise to fill up negative pressuren zone, occurs cold after entering condensing heat exchanger
Condensed-phase becomes；Instantaneously coagulated a large amount of liquid refrigerant imports and declines pipeline, and the gravitional force being formed by huge height above sea level pushes away
Dynamic turbine operating, potential energy is become mechanical energy by turbine, and then changes into electric energy by electromotor.Described working media is in gravity
Energy conversion cycles process in heat pipe-type closed cycle system is as shown in Fig. 2 whole circulation includes 5 processes：1-2 is gas
Rise adiabatic expansion, increase air pressure with height and reduce, temperature reduces；2-3 is that level pressure is cold within the condenser for supersaturated gas
Solidifying phase transition process；3-4 is that liquid is subject to gravity to decline process, and at least significant end 4 turbine, liquid pressure reaches maximum, and friction causes temperature
Degree has faint increase；4-5 be liquid through turbine pressure release, liquid gravitational potential energy is converted into turbomachinery energy；5-1 is that liquid is steaming
Send out level pressure in device to be heated to saturated liquid and vaporize formation gas.
According to above invention and implementation principle propose to be embodied as example unitary construction as shown in Figure 3；Section shown in Fig. 4
Figure further describes evaporating heat exchanger Inner Constitution, and profile shown in Fig. 5 further describes condensing heat exchanger Inner Constitution.
It is assumed that the net power output of described embodiment is 60 megawatts of full submersible electricity generation system, 600 meters of head height, working medium flow 15
Ton/the second, corresponding Mare Frigoris discharge 110 ton/second, warm seawater flow 130 ton/second.Electricity generation system always goes out power and is 70 megawatts, is used for
Mare Frigoris water pump, the power consumption penalty of warm sea water pump are 10 megawatts, and net power output online power is about 60 megawatts.Construction material and work
Matter gross weight is estimated to reach 10000 tons, and its a diameter of 7 meters of length is that the main body displacement of 600 meters of closed system can reach
23000 cubic metres, if setting up full submersible electricity generation system, need in 13000 tons of low side counterweight（Rock or cement）So that it is put down
All density is close to density of sea water, or its bottom is directly fixed on the basement rock of seabed prevents its floating.Material and manufacture are total
Cost is expected about 1.4 hundred million RMB, additionally considers submarine cable, the human cost of detailed construction design and exploitation and fortune
Make cost, amount to cost and be less than 200,000,000 yuans.
Preferably, described working media may be selected carbon dioxide, specific implementation method is to inject working media from bottom
（Such as carbon dioxide）, system top end opening air-out, until gaseous working medium is overfilled with system and device, top is opened
Mouth sealing.Then proceed to inject working media the operating pressure until reaching requirement.For example bottom can be set according to power plant scale
The pressure carbon dioxide 5.0871Mpa of evaporating heat exchanger position, 15 DEG C of corresponding vapourizing temperature. with external heat source（The such as torrid zone
25 DEG C of sea surface temperature ocean temperature）The temperature difference is at 10 DEG C about.According to this embodiment, altogether need 4000 tons of technical grade dioxies
Change carbon, cost is less than 1,000,000 yuans.
Preferably, described evaporating heat exchanger main body is by there being stainless steel material to build up, outer layer applies heat-insulation layer or increasing
It is filled with and fills interlayer and be incubated, its internal structure can adopt structure as shown in Figure 4, makes for example with common movable tube sheets heat exchanger
U-tube is to avoid the expand with heat and contract with cold stress influence bringing and destruction.The outside that evaporating heat exchanger is placed at 650 meters of depth of water is big
Air pressure has 65Bar, and the general 50bar of internal work medium air pressure, the general 15Bar of inside and outside differential pressure, therefore adopt in being commonly suitable for
Requirement can be met Deng the stainless steel material required by pressure vessel.Vaporization institute calorific requirement 167KJ/ according to carbon dioxide working medium
KG, the heat exchanger of 15 tons/second needs general 18000 square meters of the heat exchange area of high-strength aluminum alloy, general 320 tons of weight, cost
About 8,000,000 yuans, close according to its cost of rustless steel.Consider the cost of labor such as sheathing material and welding, evaporation is changed
The construction cost of hot device adds up to roughly 10,000,000 yuans.
Preferably, described temperature seawater pipeline slips in sea water, inside and outside differential pressure is 0, main body can by organic plasticss or
Rustless steel etc. forms.General 650 meters of duct length, 8 meters of diameter（Or 6 meters of pipeline between two, or more minor diameter pipe
Road）Meet 130 tons per second of flow, flow velocity 2.6 meter per second.Because sea water specific heat capacity is much larger than carbon dioxide specific heat capacity, and titanium dioxide
Carbon latent heat also very little, 5 degrees Celsius of temperature drops of sea water that general 8.5 times of carbon dioxide vaporize quality can meet 15 ton/second dioxies
Change carbon temperature rise and the required caloric receptivity of vaporization.In 5.5 megawatts of water pumps of built in pipeline it is contemplated that 2,000,000 yuans of pipeline construction cost.
Preferably, described condensing heat exchanger main body is by there being stainless steel material to build up, outer layer applies heat-insulation layer or increasing
It is filled with and fills interlayer and be incubated, its internal structure can adopt structure as shown in Figure 5, makes for example with common movable tube sheets heat exchanger
U-tube is to avoid the expand with heat and contract with cold stress influence bringing and destruction.Condensing heat exchanger is placed in the following external pressure in sea 1
～3Bar, and the general 50bar of internal work medium air pressure, the general 50Bar of inside and outside differential pressure, therefore using commonly suitable middle pressure
Stainless steel material required by container standard can meet requirement.Heat exchange amount 158KJ/ needed for condensation according to carbon dioxide working medium
KG, the heat exchanger of 15 tons/second needs general 18000 square meters of the heat exchange area of high-strength aluminum alloy, general 320 tons of weight, cost
About 8,000,000 yuans, close according to its cost of rustless steel.Consider the cost of labor such as shell material and welding, one cold
The construction cost of solidifying heat exchanger adds up to roughly 10,000,000 yuans.
Preferably, described Mare Frigoris waterpipe slips in sea water, inside and outside differential pressure is 0, main body can by organic plasticss or
Rustless steel etc. forms.General 350 meters of duct length, 8 meters of diameter（Or 6 meters of pipeline between two, or more minor diameter pipe
Road）Meet 110 tons per second of flow, flow velocity 2.2 meter per second.Because sea water specific heat capacity is much larger than carbon dioxide specific heat capacity, and titanium dioxide
Carbon latent heat also very little, 5 degrees Celsius of temperature rises of sea water that general 7.5 times of carbon dioxide vaporize quality can meet 15 ton/second dioxies
Change carbon temperature drop and heat dissipation capacity needed for condensation.In 4.5 megawatts of water pumps of built in pipeline it is contemplated that 1,600,000 yuans of pipeline construction cost.
Preferably, described vapor uptake road undertakes maximum differential pressure about 50Bar, will using middle pressure container standard
The stainless steel material asked, outer layer applies heat-insulation layer or increase filling interlayer is incubated.Diameter may be selected 7 meters, and length is optional
Select 700 meters, thickness may be selected 300～500 millimeters, considers further that the materials such as deep floor, rustless steel total amount probably needs 3000
Ton, about 60,000,000 yuans of cost.
Preferably, described liquid down-comer road undertakes maximum differential pressure about 50Bar, will using middle pressure container standard
The stainless steel material asked, outer layer applies heat-insulation layer or increase filling interlayer is incubated.Diameter may be selected 2 meters, and length is optional
Select 650 meters, thickness may be selected 300～500 millimeters, considers further that the materials such as deep floor, the total consumption of rustless steel probably needs 800
Ton, about 16,000,000 yuans of cost.
Preferably, described turbine and generating set can adopt common spiral case hydraulic generator, 70 megawatts of power
Spiral case turbine and generating set construction cost are less than 20,000,000 yuans.
Above content describes the ultimate principle principal character of the present invention and the advantage of invention.The technical staff of the industry should
This understanding, the present invention is not limited by above-mentioned specific embodiment, and being intended to described in above-described embodiment and description illustrates this
Bright principle, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, these changes
Both fall within scope of the claimed invention with improvement.Claimed scope by appending claims and its waits
Effect thing defines.
Claims (7)
1. the ocean thermal energy fluid power electricity generation system described in, including closing hot-pipe system, low boiling working fluid, heating system, cooling
System, rational initial gas pressure and temperature and heating power-gravity circulation;It is characterized in that：Give in closing hot-pipe system inner bottom part
Low boiling working fluid provides the initial gas pressure being slightly above saturated line and temperature, realizes working medium by its heating system and cooling system
Heating power-gravity circulation, thus be converted into electric energy ocean thermal energy.
2. the closing hot-pipe system described in claim 1 it is characterised in that：Risen by evaporating heat exchanger, condensing heat exchanger, steam
Pipeline, liquid down-comer road, turbine and generating set connect composition heat pipe-type closed cycle system；Wherein, the evaporation of bottom
Heat exchanger is reached saturation and is vaporized by outside temperature heating of seawater low boiling working fluid；Vapor uptake road provides absolutely for gas working medium
Thermal expansion environment, makes gas be transported to top High aititude condensing heat exchanger；The condensing heat exchanger on top passes through outside Mare Frigoris water-cooled
But gas working medium becomes liquid；Liquid down-comer road provides independent adiabatic decline passway for liquid, and liquid is transported to bottom
Turbine and generating set；Turbine and generating set are realized liquid potential energy and are become mechanical energy and electric energy.
3. the low boiling working fluid described in claim 1 it is characterised in that：Low specific heat capacity, low latent heat, low boiling, the low specific heat of working medium
The required sea water consumption of evaporation and condensation, typically preferred low boiling, low latent heat, little specific heat will be significantly reduced with low latent heat property
The material holding has carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc..
4. the initial gas pressure described in claim 1 and temperature are it is characterised in that air pressure and temperature coordinate points are near saturated line
Top, is in liquid phase region, as long as temperature has increased slightly and can reach saturation and vaporize, can be by changing air pressure conditions in ocean
Optimal initial air pressure and the temperature of suitable specified sea areas is selected in the range of 2 DEG C～15 DEG C of room temperature.
5. the heating system described in claim 1 it is characterised in that：By evaporating heat exchanger, warm seawater pipeline and warm sea water pump
Composition connected vessels type heating system, the introducing evaporation of sea surface temperature sea water is changed by wherein warm seawater pipeline using interlayer heat-insulating structure
Hot device, and by evaporating heat exchanger, the liquid working substance heating closed within hot-pipe system is reached saturation and vaporizes.
6. the cooling system described in claim 1 it is characterised in that：By condensing heat exchanger, Mare Frigoris waterpipe and Mare Frigoris water pump
Composition connected vessels type cooling system, wherein Mare Frigoris waterpipe adopt interlayer heat-insulating structure that ocean thermostat layer Mare Frigoris water is introduced condensation
Heat exchanger, and the gas working medium closed within hot-pipe system is cooled to by liquid by condensing heat exchanger.
7. heating power-the gravity circulation described in claim 1 it is characterised in that：Whole circulation includes 5 processes, and the first process is
Gas working medium adiabatic expansion uphill process, increases air pressure with height and reduces, temperature reduces, and working medium saturation temperature reduces simultaneously；The
Two processes are gas working medium level pressure condensation phase transition process within the condenser, and supersaturated gas are all condensed into liquid；3rd process
It is that liquid is subject to gravity thermal insulation decline process, when liquid reaches least significant end turbine, pressure reaches maximum；4th process is that liquid passes through
Turbine pressure leak process, the transform gravitational energy of liquid working substance is the mechanical energy of turbine；5th process is liquid working substance in vaporizer
Middle level pressure is heated to saturation and vaporizes the process forming gas.
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| CN201611212327.0A CN106438242A (en) | 2016-12-25 | 2016-12-25 | Hydraulicpower generation system utilizing ocean thermal energy conversion |
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| CN201611212327.0A CN106438242A (en) | 2016-12-25 | 2016-12-25 | Hydraulicpower generation system utilizing ocean thermal energy conversion |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112302892A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-02 | 房盼盼 | Method and device for improving sea temperature difference power generation |
| US20220316805A1 (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-10-06 | Naval Group | Evaporator of a working fluid for an otec plant, comprising in particular a damper system |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4104883A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1978-08-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Mass transport heat exchanger method and apparatus for use in ocean thermal energy exchange power plants |
| JP2005291112A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Takeo Saito | Temperature difference power generation device |
| CN100999246A (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2007-07-18 | 上海交通大学 | Sea thermocline imitation system for test of underwater delivery means |
| CN101251092A (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2008-08-27 | 甘玉祥 | Method and apparatus for reheating ocean temperature differential power work medium and homogenesis cooling |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4104883A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1978-08-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Mass transport heat exchanger method and apparatus for use in ocean thermal energy exchange power plants |
| JP2005291112A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Takeo Saito | Temperature difference power generation device |
| CN100999246A (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2007-07-18 | 上海交通大学 | Sea thermocline imitation system for test of underwater delivery means |
| CN101251092A (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2008-08-27 | 甘玉祥 | Method and apparatus for reheating ocean temperature differential power work medium and homogenesis cooling |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220316805A1 (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-10-06 | Naval Group | Evaporator of a working fluid for an otec plant, comprising in particular a damper system |
| CN112302892A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-02 | 房盼盼 | Method and device for improving sea temperature difference power generation |
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