CN106633656A - 一种较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106633656A
CN106633656A CN201611189661.9A CN201611189661A CN106633656A CN 106633656 A CN106633656 A CN 106633656A CN 201611189661 A CN201611189661 A CN 201611189661A CN 106633656 A CN106633656 A CN 106633656A
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王醴均
刘渝
杨荣强
杨廷国
郑红开
粟多文
李昌波
刘小柱
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，其特征在于：包含以下原料，各组分重量份如下：环氧树脂100份，固化剂60~100份，增强剂3~30份，增韧剂5份，助剂0.05~1份，加速剂0.2~2份和化学发泡剂1~10份。制备方法，包含以下步骤：混料、预固化步骤，包含以下组份且各组份按照环氧树脂的重量计算为：固化剂60~100份，增强剂3~30份，增韧剂5份，助剂0.05~1份，将前述组合物在高速分散机中搅拌均匀，然后在80~95℃下预固化到一定的粘度；发泡、固化成型步骤：向上述混合物中再加入按环氧树脂重量计的0.2~2份加速剂和1~10份化学发泡剂，搅拌均匀后，倒入发泡模具中在90~160℃发泡成型2~4h；然后升高温度至180~200℃处理2h，冷却后脱模即可。

Description

一种较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料的制备方法，属于环氧树脂微孔发泡材料技术领域。
背景技术
环氧发泡材料具有较好的热稳定性、力学性能、绝缘性能、隔热性能以及轻质等优点，已经广泛应用在汽车、电子灌封、飞机制件、船体外壳等领域。环氧发泡材料的制备方法主要有物理发泡法、化学发泡法和中空微球固化成型法。与泡沫材料（泡孔直径大于100μm）相比，微孔发泡材料具有更好的力学性能和保温隔热效果。而制备微孔发泡环氧树脂材料主要有超临界CO2发泡法和化学发泡法。前者发泡时间长，工艺复杂，且难以制备大件复杂制品。采用化学发泡法制备的环氧发泡材料，一般泡孔尺寸较大，泡孔分布也不均匀，通过预反应增加体系的粘度可以使泡孔直径减小，但是通常难以制备出泡孔均匀的微孔发泡材料。此外，过大的增加体系的粘度又会使得环氧树脂流动性差，成型时容易引入过多的空气泡，使得制品中存在较大空气孔和缺陷，影响制品的质量。因此，开发出一种能够在较低粘度的条件下制备出环氧树脂微孔发泡材料的方法具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种较低粘度下环氧树脂微孔发泡材料的制备方法，以解决传统化学发泡两步法工艺中存在的预聚体流动性差、成型困难、泡孔较大等问题。
本发明的技术方案：一种较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，包含以下原料，各组分重量份如下：环氧树脂100份，按照环氧树脂重量计，固化剂60~100份，增强剂3~30份，增韧剂5份，助剂0.05~1份，加速剂0.2~2份和化学发泡剂1~10份。
所述加速剂为含氮或含磷类化合物、或者用这类化合物改性的纳米无机粒子。
所述加速剂为季胺盐或季膦盐化合物，或者用这类化合物改性的纳米蒙脱土。
所述环氧树脂在室温下呈液态，其含有双酚A型环氧树脂，酚醛型环氧树脂中的任一种或几种。
所述固化剂为羧酸酐。
所述助剂为DMP-30。
所述增强剂为纳米二氧化硅、纳米蒙脱土、玻纤、碳纤中任一种或几种。
所述化学发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、4,4-氧代双苯磺酰肼、偶氮二甲酰胺、N,N’-二亚硝基五次甲基四胺中的任一种。
所述增韧剂为纳米或微米橡胶粒子。
一种较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料的制备方法，它包括如下步骤：
（1）混料、预固化步骤：将环氧树脂、固化剂、增强剂、增韧剂和助剂在高速分散机中搅拌均匀，然后在80~95℃下预固化到粘度在6~12Pa▪s；
（2）发泡、固化成型步骤：向上述混合物中再加入加速剂和化学发泡剂，搅拌均匀后，倒入发泡模具中在90~160℃发泡成型2~4h；然后升高温度至180~200℃处理2h，冷却后脱模即可得到环氧树脂基微孔发泡材料。
本发明的工作原理：环氧树脂混合物预固化到较小粘度时，通过再向混合物中加入加速剂使环氧体系的固化速度大幅提高，能够使体系在短时间内建立起合适的黏弹性，从而使固化速率与发泡剂的分解产气速率相匹配，这个主要是和加速剂的含量有关，通过加速剂和预固化粘度来调控泡孔结构。关键就是步骤1）调控合适的粘度，步骤2）时加入合适含量的加速剂，进而制备出微孔发泡材料。
与现有技术相比，本发明是在较低的粘度下制备出微孔发泡材料，物料具有较好的流动性，能够迅速的充满模腔，制备出来的制品结构完整均匀，特别适用于复杂件；通过调控加速剂的添加量，能够方便简单的匹配发泡过程和固化过程，从而比较容易的制备出泡孔均匀的微孔环氧树脂基发泡材料。
附图说明
图1~3为添加不同加速剂含量下的环氧发泡材料的电镜照片；
图4~6为不同发泡剂含量下的环氧微孔发泡材料的电镜照片；
图7为实例3下的环氧微孔发泡材料的电镜照片。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
实施例1：
取双酚A型环氧树脂100份，酸酐固化剂85份，纳米二氧化硅5份，助剂0.45份，加入反应器中在85℃反应至粘度为11.5Pa▪s，然后再加入加速剂0份，N,N’-二亚硝基五次甲基四胺2份，快速搅拌均匀后倒入140℃下发泡，经过2h后，提升烘箱温度至180℃，保温2h后自然冷却至室温脱模得到环氧树脂基发泡材料。重复以上步骤，改变加速剂的加入量分别为0.45份和1份。
实验结果：如图1~3所示，随着加速剂含量的增加，发泡材料的泡孔平均直径减小，材料的表观密度增大。图4：泡孔平均直径为180μm，表观密度为0.4g/cm3；图5：泡孔平均直径为120μm，表观密度为0.64g/cm3；图6：中泡孔平均直径为90μm，表观密度为0.8g/cm3。
实施例2：
取双酚A型环氧树脂100份，酸酐固化剂80份，纳米蒙脱土5份，纳米羧基丁腈胶5份，助剂0.75份，加入反应器中在85℃反应至粘度为8Pa▪s，然后再加入加速剂1.5份，N,N’-二亚硝基五次甲基四胺1份，快速搅拌均匀后倒入110℃下发泡，经过4h后，提升烘箱温度至180℃，保温2h后自然冷却至室温脱模得到环氧树脂基微孔发泡材料。重复以上步骤，改变发泡剂的加入量分别为2份和4份。
实验结果：如图4~图6所示，随着发泡剂含量的增加，发泡材料的泡孔密度增大，材料的表观密度降低。泡孔直径在15~40μm左右。
实施例3：
取双酚A型环氧树脂100份，酸酐固化剂90份，纳米二氧化硅7份，纳米蒙脱土3份，纳米羧基丁腈胶5份，助剂0.6份，加入反应器中在85℃反应至粘度为6Pa▪s，然后再加入加速剂2份，碳酸氢钠2份，快速搅拌均匀后倒入150℃下发泡，经过2h后，提升烘箱温度至180℃，保温2h后自然冷却至室温脱模得到环氧树脂基微孔发泡材料。
经测试，本实施例制备的微孔发泡材料（图7）的泡孔直径和表观密度分别为83μm和0.92g/cm3。
实施例4：
取双酚A型和酚醛类环氧树脂100份（70/30），酸酐固化剂75份，纳米二氧化硅5份，玻纤20份，微米羧基丁腈胶5份，助剂0.45份，加入反应器中在90℃反应至粘度为6Pa▪s，然后再加入加速剂2份，4,4-氧代双苯磺酰肼5份，快速搅拌均匀后倒入160℃下发泡，经过2h后，提升烘箱温度至180℃，保温2h后自然冷却至室温脱模得到环氧树脂基微孔发泡材料。
实施例5：
取双酚A型和酚醛类环氧树脂100份（80/20），酸酐固化剂80份，纳米二氧化硅7份，碳纤15份，纳米羧基丁腈胶5份，助剂0.45份，加入反应器中在90℃反应至粘度为8Pa▪s，然后再加入加速剂1.5份，偶氮二甲酰胺5份，快速搅拌均匀后倒入160℃下发泡，经过2h后，提升烘箱温度至180℃，保温2h后自然冷却至室温脱模得到环氧树脂基微孔发泡材料。

Claims (10)

1.一种较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，其特征在于：包含以下原料，各组分重量份如下：环氧树脂100份，固化剂60~100份，增强剂3~30份，增韧剂5份，助剂0.05~1份，加速剂0.2~2份和化学发泡剂1~10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，其特征在于：所述加速剂为含氮或含磷类化合物、或者用这类化合物改性的纳米无机粒子。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，其特征在于：所述加速剂为季胺盐或季膦盐化合物，或者用这类化合物改性的纳米蒙脱土。
4.根据权利要求1所述的较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，其特征在于：所述环氧树脂在室温下呈液态，其含有双酚A型环氧树脂，酚醛型环氧树脂中的任一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，其特征在于：所述固化剂为羧酸酐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，其特征在于：所述助剂为DMP-30。
7.根据权利要求1所述的较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，其特征在于：所述增强剂为纳米二氧化硅、纳米蒙脱土、玻纤、碳纤中任一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，其特征在于：所述化学发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、4,4-氧代双苯磺酰肼、偶氮二甲酰胺、N,N’-二亚硝基五次甲基四胺中的任一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料，其特征在于：所述增韧剂为纳米或微米橡胶粒子。
10.如权利要求1-9之一所述的一种较低粘度下微孔发泡环氧树脂基材料的制备方法，其特征在于：它包括如下步骤：
混料、预固化步骤：将环氧树脂、固化剂、增强剂、增韧剂和助剂在高速分散机中搅拌均匀，然后在80~95℃下预固化到粘度在6~12Pa▪s；
发泡、固化成型步骤：向上述混合物中再加入加速剂和化学发泡剂，搅拌均匀后，倒入发泡模具中在90~160℃发泡成型2~4h；然后升高温度至180~200℃处理2h，冷却后脱模即可得到环氧树脂基微孔发泡材料。
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CN107602868B (zh) * 2017-09-30 2020-10-02 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 一种松香基环氧泡沫保温材料及其制备方法
CN107987480A (zh) * 2017-12-14 2018-05-04 广东机电职业技术学院 一种阻燃型环氧/聚氯乙烯复合发泡材料及其制备方法和应用
CN108299795A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-07-20 浙江联洋新材料股份有限公司 一种环氧树脂发泡材料及其制备方法
CN112063119A (zh) * 2020-09-21 2020-12-11 贵州理工学院 一种环保环氧树脂发泡材料及制备方法
CN112126197A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2020-12-25 贵州凯科特材料有限公司 一种交替多层环氧树脂基导电复合微孔发泡材料的制备方法
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