CN106633451A - Preparation method for extruding polystyrene foaming material with CO2 composite foaming agent - Google Patents
Preparation method for extruding polystyrene foaming material with CO2 composite foaming agent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method for extruding a polystyrene foaming material with a CO2 composite agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding raw materials, a CO2 composite agent, a composite nucleating agent and an infrared light barrier into an extruding foaming unit to perform the foaming, extruding and foaming by adopting a dual-screw extruding unit, and after the shaping and cooling, performing the secondary foaming forming to obtain the extruded polystyrene foaming plate with high pressure resisting strength, high size stability and high heat insulation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of polystyrol foam material, is related specifically to adopt CO2Based on
High compressive strength, high-dimensional stability, high adiabatic extruded polystyrene foaming plate prepared by foaming agent
Preparation method.
Background technology
Especially extruded polystyrene foaming plate (XPS) foam industry is being just for Chinese Polystyrene foam industry
In the superseded work for carrying out hydrochlorofluorocarsolvent (HCFCs) foaming agent, selected main substitute technology is
CO2/ alcohol/third component blowing agent combination foaming technique, i.e., with CO2For primary blowing agent, it is aided with alcohol
It is that the relatively low third component foaming agent of 0, GWP value carries out XPS foaming for auxiliary blowing agent with ODP values
The preparation of sheet material.
CO2Boiling point it is very low, be -78.5 DEG C, the vapour pressure under normal temperature is up to 6448kPa, extrusion send out
During bubble, in order to contain its prefoam in extruder barrel and head, the operating pressure of system will
Higher than using HCFCs as foaming agent operating pressure.Additionally, CO2With the poor compatibility of PS, with
The solubility that HCFCs is compared in PS melts is relatively low, it is also desirable to by lift system operating pressure or tune
Whole composition of raw materials is improving its solubility in PS.
CO2Relative molecular weight it is low, diffusion velocity is very fast, obtains low-density product and acquires a certain degree of difficulty.
CO2(25 DEG C) of thermal conductivity be 16.6mW/ (mk), the heat-insulating property of the foamed products to preparing brings shadow
Ring.
The molecular weight of ethanol is 46.0, with CO2Molecular weight closely (44.0), its vapor phase thermal conductivity
(25 DEG C) is 14.4mW/m.K, and diffusion coefficient is substantially less than CO2.The boiling point of ethanol is 78 DEG C, is
Low volatility foaming agent.
Ethanol has significant plasticization to PS melts, the viscosity of PS melts can be greatly reduced, especially
It is that the viscosity of PS melts is persistently reduced with the increase of ethanol consumption, and CO2With consumption increase for
The plasticization effect of PS melts weakens, and becomes less notable.Just because of this notable plasticization of ethanol,
The temperature of PS melts can be greatly reduced.But, the addition of ethanol can not reduce the critical of foaming
Pressure, using CO2/ ethanol composition foaming agent with individually adopt CO2The critical pressure of foaming agent system is identical,
Generally require in 6-7MPa, thus bring difficulty to preparing thicker XPS foams, generally, adopt
CO2The thickness of XPS foamed plastics prepared by/ethanol composition foaming agent is less than 60mm.Further, since
The boiling point of ethanol is 78 DEG C, is at normal temperatures liquid, is easily shunk after the XPS foaming plates shaping of gained,
More project when especially ethanol consumption is higher, so as to be easy to cause the dimensional stability problems of product.
For the more excellent XPS foams of processability, industry at present usually adopts in practice CO2/ ethanol
/ third component foaming agent (ODP values are that 0, GWP value is relatively low) combination foaming technique, the 3rd for being adopted
It is relatively low for 0, GWP value that component foaming agent requires its ODP value, is suitable for as third component foaming agent
It is the relatively low HFCs of 0, GWP value that substitute can be hydro carbons, ether, ester and ODP values, typically may be used
Reasonable selection third component foaming agent is required according to the difference of product thickness, heat-insulating property and fire resistance.
Summary, using CO2For main foaming agent and it is aided with the friendly auxiliary blowing agent of environmental friendliness and weather
The preparation of XPS foaming plates is carried out, following outstanding problem is faced：(1) product thickness problem, prepares thickness》
The sheet material of 60mm has certain difficulty；(2) the higher problem of thermal conductivity factor, it is however generally that, prepare heat under normal temperature
Conductance《0.030mW/m.K has difficulties；(3) fire-retardant problem, due to using inflammable blowing agent, prepares
The sheet material of fire retardant rank has difficulties；(4) high-performance question, prepares good stability of the dimension, low-density
High intensity, the XPS plate material of high-modulus have difficulties.
In order to overcome the problems referred to above, researcher has attempted multiple technologies scheme to be improved.C.V.Vo
(Cellular Polymer, Vol.30, No.3,2011) using graphite (or carbon black) as infrared barrier agent
Radiant heat transfer is prevented to adopt CO to improve2+ alcohol is the heat-insulating property of XPS plate material prepared by foaming agent.
CN101720270A discloses the polystyrene preparation method using nano-graphite and HFC-134.
CN102604249A discloses the method using flame-retardant polystyrene polymer production flame-retarded foamed plastic.
CN1907683A and CN101234520A individually disclose a kind of vacuum cylinder of foam board production and true
Empty forming technique foam board production line.In above-mentioned solution, adopt graphite or the carbon black no doubt can be with
The heat-insulating property of XPS foaming plates is improved, but because carbon black and graphite are inorganic matter, can be used as nucleation
Agent, will produce impact, additionally, graphite and carbon black can cause sheet material face to the abscess-size of foam and density
Discoloration is dark color, and the color in process is dirty serious.Using vacuum foaming, except to PS resins
Performance is proposed outside high requirement, for CO2The applicability of+alcohol foaming system is still needed and is studied.
The content of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is proposed based on CO2Combined foaming agent, using composite nucleating agent
And organic polymer infrared barrier agent, it is possible to secondary frothing forming is combined, low-density size is prepared
New technology prepared by the low XPS plate material of excellent in stability, high intensity, high-modulus, thermal conductivity factor.
The present invention the technological means for being adopted for：One kind adopts CO2Combined foaming agent extruded polystyrene
The preparation method of expanded material, by raw material and CO2Combined foaming agent and composite nucleating agent, infrared barrier agent
It is added in extrusion foaming unit and is foamed；Raw material is polystyrene；Wherein, CO2Combined foaming agent is
Refer to, with CO2, based on alcohol, be combined with HCFC-134a, HFC-152a, normal butane, iso-butane,
Or HFO-1234ze；Wherein, composite nucleating agent refers to, with the mixture of sodium acid carbonate and citric acid composition,
Mixture, the sodium carbonate of mixture, magnesium bicarbonate and citric acid composition that calcium bicarbonate is constituted with citric acid
The mixture or magnesium carbonate and citric acid group of mixture, calcium carbonate and citric acid composition with citric acid composition
Into mixture, combine the composite nucleating agent to be formed with talcum powder, calcium silicates, graphite or carbon black respectively；
Wherein, infrared barrier agent refers to, thermoplastic polyester or polyvalent alcohol.
The polystyrene be general purpose grade, melt flow rate (MFR) 1-25g/10min.
Melt flow rate (MFR) 1-10g/10min.
Raw material is polystyrene blend SAN, and SAN accounts for polyphenyl
The weight/mass percentage composition of ethene blending SAN total amount is 1-20%.
In CO2In combined foaming agent, CO2Weight/mass percentage composition for raw material 3%-5%；The matter of ethanol
Amount percentage composition is the 1-3% of raw material；HCFC-134a, HFC-152a, normal butane, iso-butane or
The weight/mass percentage composition of HFO-1234ze is the 1-2% of raw material.
In composite nucleating agent, mixture, calcium bicarbonate and citric acid that sodium acid carbonate is constituted with citric acid
It is mixed that mixture, sodium carbonate and the citric acid that the mixture of composition, magnesium bicarbonate and citric acid are constituted is constituted
The quality of the mixture or magnesium carbonate of compound, calcium carbonate and citric acid composition and the mixture of citric acid composition
Percentage composition is the 0.5%-1% of raw material；The weight/mass percentage composition of talcum powder, calcium silicates, graphite or carbon black
For the 0.5%-2% of raw material.
The infrared barrier agent is polyethylene terephthalate -1,4 cyclohexane dimethanol ester or poly- second two
Alcohol.
The weight/mass percentage composition of the infrared barrier agent is the 0.5-5% of raw material.
Extrusion foaming unit is twin-screw extrusion unit, after extrusion foaming, carries out carrying out two after sizing cooling
Secondary foaming.
Secondary frothing forming pressure is vacuum.
Using the method for the present invention, high compressive strength, high-dimensional stability can be obtained, high adiabatic squeezed
Go out foamed polystyrene board material.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present invention process flow chart.
Specific embodiment
One kind of the present invention adopts CO2The preparation method of combined foaming agent extruded polystyrene expanded material, will
Raw material and CO2Combined foaming agent and composite nucleating agent, infrared barrier agent are added in extrusion foaming unit
Row foaming；Raw material is polystyrene.
Wherein, CO2Combined foaming agent is referred to, with CO2, based on alcohol, be combined with HCFC-134a,
HFC-152a, normal butane, iso-butane or HFO-1234ze.
Wherein, composite nucleating agent refers to, with sodium acid carbonate and mixture, the calcium bicarbonate of citric acid composition
Mixture, sodium carbonate and citric acid that mixture, magnesium bicarbonate and citric acid with citric acid composition is constituted
The mixing of the mixture, the mixture or magnesium carbonate of calcium carbonate and citric acid composition and citric acid composition of composition
Thing, combines the composite nucleating agent to be formed with talcum powder, calcium silicates, graphite or carbon black respectively.
Wherein, infrared barrier agent refers to, thermoplastic polyester or polyvalent alcohol.
The polystyrene is general purpose grade, and melt flow rate (MFR) 1-25g/10min, most preferably melt flows are fast
Rate 1-10g/10min.Further to improve expansion ratio, raw material can for polystyrene blend styrene-
Acrylonitrile copolymer, it is total that SAN accounts for polystyrene blend SAN
The weight/mass percentage composition of amount is 1-20%.
In CO2In combined foaming agent, preferred CO2Weight/mass percentage composition for raw material 3%-5%；Second
The weight/mass percentage composition of alcohol is the 1-3% of raw material；HCFC-134a, HFC-152a, normal butane, isobutyl
The weight/mass percentage composition of alkane or HFO-1234ze is the 1-2% of raw material.
In composite nucleating agent, mixture, calcium bicarbonate and lemon that preferred sodium acid carbonate is constituted with citric acid
Mixture, sodium carbonate and citric acid composition that the mixture of lemon acid composition, magnesium bicarbonate and citric acid are constituted
Mixture, calcium carbonate and citric acid composition the mixture or magnesium carbonate and citric acid mixture that constitutes
Weight/mass percentage composition is the 0.5%-1% of raw material；The quality percentage of talcum powder, calcium silicates, graphite or carbon black
Content is the 0.5%-2% of raw material.
The preferred polyethylene terephthalate of the infrared barrier agent -1,4 cyclohexane dimethanol ester or poly- second two
Alcohol.The weight/mass percentage composition of the infrared barrier agent is preferably the 0.5-5% of raw material.
Extrusion foaming unit used in the present invention is twin-screw extrusion unit, and after extrusion foaming, it is fixed to carry out
Secondary frothing forming is carried out after type cooling.
Secondary frothing forming of the present invention, it is fixed by press after PS foaming plates are extruded to refer to
After type, secondary frothing forming device is again introduced into, by controlling the temperature and pressure of shaped device two are carried out
Secondary foaming, pressure can the above be conventional or vacuum, is preferably in vacuum.As shown in figure 1, being technique stream
Cheng Tu.
Specific implementation process：PS resins and foaming agent, processing aid are accurately added to according to above-mentioned outfit
Foamed in extrusion foaming unit, maintained the appropriate rotating speed of extrusion foaming unit；The each area of setting extruder
Temperature, keep each area's moderate pressure to contain prefoam, foaming product from after head extrusion, on subsidiary engine
Sizing, cooling, then carry out second time of foaming, subsequently carry out packaging and storage to product.
And extruder in this case, foaming and forming apparatus, the temperature, pressure required for it etc., it is prior art,
It is that those skilled in the art are known that, will not be described here.
It is below embodiment
Embodiment 1：Using sodium bicarbonate/citric acid mixtures and the composite nucleating agent of talcum powder composition
It it is 120 DEG C in blowing temperature, head pressure is under conditions of 6.8MPa, with 3.5% carbon dioxide
Alcohol and 1% HFC-134a with 2.6% as combined foaming agent, and be equipped with 0.5% sodium acid carbonate/
The composite nucleating agent of the mixture of citric acid and 1% talcum powder composition, carries out extrusion foaming.Be added without
Mixture is combined into, only adds 1% talcum powder to compare as the extrusion foaming product of nucleator.
The density of cystosepiment is measured by drainage, universal testing machine measures the compressive strength of foaming plate,
And measure the thermal conductivity factor of cystosepiment.Acquired results are as shown in the table：
Table 1- foam densities, compressive strength and thermal conductivity factor
Embodiment 1 is intended to determine composite nucleating agent compared with single nucleator, due to thermodynamic phase,
More nucleating points can be produced.As shown in table 1, add after composite nucleating agent, with single nucleator
Talcum powder is compared, with lower foam density, higher compressive strength and lower thermal conductivity factor.
Embodiment 2：2% polyethylene terephthalate -1,4 cyclohexane dimethanol ester is chosen as having
Machine macromolecule infrared barrier agent.
It it is 120 DEG C in blowing temperature, head pressure is under conditions of 6.8MPa, with 3.5% carbon dioxide
Alcohol and 1% HFC-134a with 2.6% as combined foaming agent, and be equipped with 0.5% sodium acid carbonate/
The composite nucleating agent of the mixture of citric acid and 1% talcum powder composition, adds 2% poly- terephthaldehyde
Sour glycol ester -1,4-CHDM ester carries out extrusion foaming as organic polymer infrared barrier agent.
Contrast under foaming agent and nucleator the same terms, the agent of organic polymer infrared barrier and inorganic infrared barrier
The difference of agent.
Table 2- foam densities, compressive strength and thermal conductivity factor
Embodiment 2 is intended to contrast the agent of organic polymer infrared barrier and inorganic infrared barrier agent for polyphenyl second
The impact of alkene foam heat-insulating performance.A kind of effective infrared barrier agent should be conducive to as far as possible increase reflection and
Absorb and reduce thermal-radiating transmission.Because inorganic infrared barrier agent is incompatible with polystyrene, it is necessary to
The heat resistance of final insulating product could be realized using the inorganic material of relative high weight percentage.Additionally,
Inorganic material also tends to serve as effective nucleator of foam of polymers, produces less abscess-size and more
High foam density.Polyethylene terephthalate -1,4 cyclohexane dimethanol ester and polystyrene have more
Compatibility well and dispersiveness, so as to reduce processing problems present in foam fabrication process, contribute to
Reduce cystosepiment density.As shown in table 2, organic polymer infrared barrier agent makes polyphenyl second to specific parameter
Alkene cystosepiment has lower foam density, higher compressive strength and lower thermal conductivity factor.
Embodiment 3：Vacuum second time of foaming
It it is 120 DEG C in blowing temperature, head pressure is under conditions of 6.8MPa, with 3.5% carbon dioxide
Alcohol and 1% HFC-134a with 2.6% as combined foaming agent, and be equipped with 0.5% sodium acid carbonate/
The composite nucleating agent of the mixture of citric acid and 1% talcum powder composition, adds 2% poly- terephthaldehyde
Sour glycol ester -1,4-CHDM ester carries out extrusion foaming as organic polymer infrared barrier agent,
Product enters back into second time of foaming device after cooling and shaping and carries out second time of foaming, and temperature is 70 DEG C, time
10min, relative degree of vacuum -0.7MPa.
Table 3- foam densities, compressive strength and thermal conductivity factor
Following examples also can obtain the XPS plate material needed for this case.
Embodiment 4：
Raw material adopts General Purpose Polystyrenre, melt flow rate (MFR) 1g/10min；With 3% carbon dioxide and
2% alcohol and 1.5% HFC-152a are equipped with 0.6% sodium carbonate/lemon as combined foaming agent
The composite nucleating agent of the mixture of acid and 1% talcum powder composition, adds 2% poly terephthalic acid second
Diol ester -1,4-CHDM ester carries out extrusion foaming as organic polymer infrared barrier agent, system
Product enter back into second time of foaming device after cooling and shaping and carry out second time of foaming.
Embodiment 5：
Raw material adopts General Purpose Polystyrenre, melt flow rate (MFR) 10g/10min to mix styrene-propene
Lonitrile copolymer.SAN accounts for polystyrene blend SAN total amount
Weight/mass percentage composition is 13%.Using 5% carbon dioxide and 1% alcohol and 2% normal butane as combination
Foaming agent, and it is equipped with the mixture of 1% magnesium carbonate/citric acid and the compound nucleation of 2% calcium silicates composition
Agent, adds 5% polyethylene glycol as organic polymer infrared barrier agent, carries out extrusion foaming, product
Second time of foaming device is entered back into after cooling and shaping carries out second time of foaming.
Embodiment 6：
Raw material adopts General Purpose Polystyrenre, melt flow rate (MFR) 15g/10min to mix styrene-propene
Lonitrile copolymer.SAN accounts for polystyrene blend SAN total amount
Weight/mass percentage composition is 1%.With 3.1% carbon dioxide and 3% alcohol and 1% HFO-1234ze
As combined foaming agent, and it is equipped with the mixture and 0.5% graphite composition of 0.5% calcium carbonate/citric acid
Composite nucleating agent, the polyethylene terephthalate -1,4-CHDM ester for adding 0.5% makees
For organic polymer infrared barrier agent, extrusion foaming is carried out, product enters back into secondary after cooling and shaping
Foam device carries out second time of foaming.
Embodiment 7：
Raw material adopts General Purpose Polystyrenre, melt flow rate (MFR) 25g/10min to mix styrene-propene
Lonitrile copolymer.SAN accounts for polystyrene blend SAN total amount
Weight/mass percentage composition is 20%.Using 3.9% carbon dioxide and 2.3% alcohol and 1% iso-butane as
Combined foaming agent, and be equipped with 0.5% calcium carbonate/citric acid mixture with 0.5% carbon black composition answer
Synthetic kernel agent, adds 0.5% polyethylene glycol as organic polymer infrared barrier agent, carries out extrusion and sends out
Bubble, product enters back into second time of foaming device after cooling and shaping and carries out second time of foaming.
Claims (10)
1. one kind adopts CO2The preparation method of combined foaming agent extruded polystyrene expanded material,
Characterized in that, by raw material and CO2Combined foaming agent and composite nucleating agent, infrared barrier agent add
Enter in extrusion foaming unit and foamed；Raw material is polystyrene；
Wherein, CO2Combined foaming agent is referred to, with CO2, based on alcohol, be combined with
HCFC-134a, HFC-152a, normal butane, iso-butane or HFO-1234ze；
Wherein, composite nucleating agent refers to, with sodium acid carbonate and mixture, the carbon of citric acid composition
Mixture, the carbon of mixture, magnesium bicarbonate and citric acid composition that sour hydrogen calcium is constituted with citric acid
The mixture or magnesium carbonate of mixture, calcium carbonate and citric acid composition that sour sodium is constituted with citric acid
With the mixture of citric acid composition, shape is combined with talcum powder, calcium silicates, graphite or carbon black respectively
Into composite nucleating agent；
Wherein, infrared barrier agent refers to, thermoplastic polyester or polyvalent alcohol.
2. CO is adopted as claimed in claim 12Combined foaming agent extruded polystyrene foams
The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that the polystyrene is general purpose grade, melt flows are fast
Rate 1-25g/10min.
3. CO is adopted as claimed in claim 22Combined foaming agent extruded polystyrene foams
The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that melt flow rate (MFR) 1-10g/10min.
4. CO is adopted as claimed in claim 12Combined foaming agent extruded polystyrene foams
The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that raw material is polystyrene blend styrene-acrylonitrile
Copolymer, SAN accounts for polystyrene blend SAN
The weight/mass percentage composition of total amount is 1-20%.
5. the employing CO as described in claim 1-4 any of which2Combined foaming agent extrusion is poly-
The preparation method of styrene expanded material, it is characterised in that in CO2In combined foaming agent, CO2
Weight/mass percentage composition for raw material 3%-5%；The weight/mass percentage composition of ethanol is raw material
1-3%；HCFC-134a, HFC-152a, normal butane, iso-butane or HFO-1234ze's
Weight/mass percentage composition is the 1-2% of raw material.
6. the employing CO as described in claim 1-4 any of which2Combined foaming agent extrusion is poly-
The preparation method of styrene expanded material, it is characterised in that in composite nucleating agent, bicarbonate
Mixture, the bicarbonate of mixture, calcium bicarbonate and citric acid composition that sodium is constituted with citric acid
The mixture of magnesium and citric acid composition, the mixture of sodium carbonate and citric acid composition, calcium carbonate with
The quality percentage of the mixture that the mixture or magnesium carbonate of citric acid composition is constituted with citric acid contains
Measure the 0.5%-1% for raw material；The weight/mass percentage composition of talcum powder, calcium silicates, graphite or carbon black
For the 0.5%-2% of raw material.
7. the employing CO2 combined foaming agents extrusion as described in claim 1-4 any of which is poly-
The preparation method of styrene expanded material, it is characterised in that the infrared barrier agent is for poly- to benzene two
Formic acid glycol ester -1,4 cyclohexane dimethanol ester or polyethylene glycol.
8. the employing CO2 combined foaming agents as described in claim 7 any of which extrude polyphenyl
The preparation method of ethene expanded material, it is characterised in that the quality percentage of the infrared barrier agent contains
Measure the 0.5-5% for raw material.
9. CO is adopted as claimed in claim 12Combined foaming agent extruded polystyrene foams
The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that extrusion foaming unit is twin-screw extrusion unit, is squeezed
After going out foaming, carry out carrying out secondary frothing forming after sizing cooling.
10. CO is adopted as claimed in claim 92Combined foaming agent extruded polystyrene foams
The preparation method of material, it is characterised in that secondary frothing forming pressure is vacuum.
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| JP2018150450A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-27 | 株式会社カネカ | Method for producing styrenic resin extruded foam |
| CN110563994A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-13 | 浙江杰上杰新材料有限公司 | Supercritical foaming nucleating agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN114702764A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-07-05 | 南京欧格节能环保科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly high-performance extruded sheet and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106633451B (en) | 2019-05-31 |
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