CN106631188A - Preparation and application of aerobic vinasse organic fertilizer leaching liquor - Google Patents
Preparation and application of aerobic vinasse organic fertilizer leaching liquor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106631188A CN106631188A CN201611092377.XA CN201611092377A CN106631188A CN 106631188 A CN106631188 A CN 106631188A CN 201611092377 A CN201611092377 A CN 201611092377A CN 106631188 A CN106631188 A CN 106631188A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
- C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses preparation and application of aerobic vinasse organic fertilizer leaching liquor. The method for preparing the leaching liquor comprises the following steps: composting vinasse, fully and uniformly mixing with water according to a mass ratio of 1:8, adding the mixture into a plastic bucket, inserting three gas pipes with gassing heads into the plastic bucket in a uniformly distributed manner, continuously introducing gases at the temperature of 20-25 DEG C for 36 hours, and performing gauze filtering, thereby obtaining the product. Compared with the leaching liquor prepared by anaerobic and direct extraction methods, the leaching liquor prepared by the aerobic method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the microbial biomass and fullness are obviously improved, and the nutrient conversion rate is high. Meanwhile, because the leaching liquor is high in activity, the leaching liquor is particularly suitable for crop foliar surfaces and is easily and directly absorbed by crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation and application of a kind of aerobic lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor, belong to compost extract technology neck
Domain.
Background technology
Compost extract (compost tea or compost extracts) refers to that the organic materials of decomposition reactor system is passed through
Extract after distinct methods extraction.At present the production of compost extract mainly has two kinds of techniques, but respectively has its pluses and minuses.Wherein
One kind is aerobic extraction compost extract (Aerated fermentation extracts compost, i.e. AFEC), and feature is
Extraction time is short, however it is necessary that the external energy (oxygen, molasses, fish latex thing 0.5molL-1, humic substance, plant extracts
Deng) supplement;And another kind is then to be sick of to extract compost extract (Non-aerated fermentation extracts
Compost, i.e. NAFEC), feature is not need external energy supply, but extraction time is long.
Increasing research shows that compost extract can not only provide nutrient and beneficial organic nutrient substance for crop
Matter, but also crop pest and improved soil structure can be suppressed.However, at present with regard to material composition and knot in compost extract
The report of structure properties study is less.Up to the present, seldom have document report it is aerobic extract vinasse compost extract (AFEC) and
It is sick of and extracts vinasse compost extract (NAFEC) and extracting directly vinasse compost extract (DEC:Extraction time is short, it is not necessary to outward
Plus material and the energy) material composition and architectural feature and its difference to promoting crop growth effect.
Particularly with vinasse compost as raw material, aerobic extraction and lonely extraction process in vinasse compost extract to cultivating
The impact of micro organism quantity and bacterial structure functional diversity is unclear at present.Therefore, it is impossible to targetedly according to crop reality
Border needs to provide different vinasse leaching liquors.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is:The preparation and application of a kind of aerobic lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor are provided, are made
Standby leaching liquor microbial biomass and abundance are significantly greater than with anaerobism and direct extraction method, and Nutrient Transformation is good, easily quilt
Crop directly absorbs, and can overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
Technical scheme:A kind of preparation method of aerobic lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor, vinasse compost and water are pressed
1:8 mass ratio is placed in Plastic Drum after fully mixing, and three are evenly distributedly inserted in Plastic Drum with the head that steams
Tracheae, the Continuous aeration 36h at 20 DEG C -25 DEG C, then warp thread cloth obtain final product lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor after filtering.
Containing organic matter 74.8%, full nitrogen 3.57%, full phosphorus 2.18% and full potassium 1.23% in the vinasse compost.
The throughput is 33Lmin-1.
Application of the lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor on crop foliage-spray.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:Leaching liquor prepared by aerobic process of the present invention, with anaerobism and direct extraction method
Compare, improve notable in terms of microbial biomass and abundance, Nutrient Transformation is preferable;Simultaneously because the activity of this leaching liquor compared with
Get well, therefore be particularly suitable for crop blade face and use, easily directly absorbed by crop.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the impact of different withdrawal ratios and aeration condition to vinasse compost extract nutrient content;
Fig. 2 is the impact (25 DEG C) that different extraction ratios and aeration condition pair can extract main component recovery rate;
Fig. 3 is the DGGE figures of bacterial 16 S rDNA V3 fragment PCR products in different extraction process vinasse compost extracts
Spectrum;
Fig. 4 is the analysis of difference extraction process vinasse compost extract bacterium DGGE chart systems.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made into one below in conjunction with accompanying drawing
Step ground is described in detail.
First, embodiment:
1st, material prepares
Vinasse compost is provided by Jinsha Jia Meng agricultural cooperatives, and its fundamental property is as follows:Organic matter (OM):
74.8%;Full nitrogen (TN):3.57%;Full phosphorus (TP):2.18% and full potassium (TK):1.23%.
2nd, prepared by leaching liquor
Vinasse compost and water are pressed into 1:8 mass ratio is placed in Plastic Drum after fully mixing, and uniformly divides in Plastic Drum
Three tracheaes with the head that steams of cloth ground insertion, the Continuous aeration 36h at 20 DEG C -25 DEG C, then obtain final product Jing after double gauze is filtered
Lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor, saves backup at 4 DEG C, and wherein throughput is 33Lmin-1.
3rd, leaching liquor is used
In crop growth stage, can apply the leaching liquor as root, be beneficial to the growth of crop root, and then play
Growth-promoting functions.
2nd, design experiment and analysis method
1st, material prepares
Raw material vinasse compost is as previously mentioned.
2nd, prepared by different extraction process vinasse compost extracts
By compost and water, (compost is 1 with water quality ratio:8) fully mix, continuously stir 15min, stand a moment, double-deck yarn
After cloth is filtered, filtrate (preserving at 4 DEG C) is standby.The extract that this extracting method is obtained is referred to as extracting directly vinasse heap
Fertile extract (DEC).
After compost and water are fully mixed, sealed plastic barrel simultaneously covers lid, 7 days (20 DEG C -25 DEG C) of preservation, then Jing double-deck
Filtered through gauze, filtrate (preserving at 4 DEG C) is standby.The extract that this extracting method is obtained referred to as is sick of and extracts vinasse heap
Fertile extract (NAFEC).
After compost and water are fully mixed, three tracheaes with the head that steams evenly distributedly are inserted in each barrel, held
Continuous ventilation (throughput is 33Lmin-1) 36h (20 DEG C -25 DEG C), Jing double gauzes are filtered, and filtrate (preserving at 4 DEG C) is standby
With.The extract that this extracting method is obtained is referred to as aerobic extraction vinasse compost extract (AFEC).
Every kind of technique is repeated 3 times.
3rd, different extraction process vinasse compost extract basic physical and chemical analyses
Vinasse compost extract analysis of physical and chemical property determines agricultural industry criteria (2002) and Bao scholar with reference to organic fertilizer nutrient
Denier (2000) is edited《Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry》.Before analysis, need to be by compost extract Jing middling speed quantitative filter papers (a diameter of 11cm) mistake
Filter.The measure of the content of organic matter adopts potassium bichromate titrimetric method.
The pre-treatment of TN, TP and TK:2mL vinasse compost extracts are taken, hydrogen peroxide-concentrated sulfuric acid disappears and boils, constant volume to 100 milliliters
It is to be measured.
TN:Determined with continuous flowing automatic analyzer (Auto Analyzers 3, Bran+Luebbe Germany);TP:
With the spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method 722;TK:Use FP6400 flame spectrophotometer measurings.
The measure of electrical conductivity (EC) and pH:Vinasse compost extract Jing filter paper filtration after with conductivity gauge (WTW, LF91,
Germany) directly determine with pH meter (PB-10, Sartorius).
The analysis of above each sample is repeated 5 times.
Total Water Soluble Organic Carbon (TWSOC) and humic acid carbon:TWSOC and Humic-C contents are determined using TOC instrument
(Elementar Liquid TOC II, Germany), is repeated 3 times.
4th, different extraction process vinasse compost extract microbiotas and bacterial quorum sensing analysis
1. different extraction process vinasse compost extract Bacterial diversity Floristics
Using serial dilution cultivation (Ren etc., 2008).Compost extract Bacterial diversity counts culture medium:Bacterium
Using beef-protein medium;Actinomyces No. 1 culture medium of Gao Shi;Fungi martin substratum.
2. different extraction process vinasse compost extract bacterial quorum sensing diversity analysis
The extraction of soil DNA and purification process are referred to:Zhang Ruifu etc. (2003);Yellow graceful grade (2004) method, and slightly
Modification.Concrete grammar is as follows:
5mL compost extract samples are weighed, is mixed with 13.5mL DNA Extraction buffers, add 100 μ L Proteinase Ks
(10mgmL-1) 30min (225rmin-1), is vibrated on 37 DEG C of shaking tables;Add the 200gL-1 dodecanes of 1.5mL
Base sodium sulphate (SDS), 65 DEG C of water-bath 2h are gently overturned every 15-20min mix therebetween;- 70 DEG C of frost 30min are immediately placed in,
Take out and melt after 65 DEG C of water-baths, so 2-3 cell lysis repeatedly;Room temperature is centrifuged (12000rpm) 10min, collects supernatant
Liquid, in being transferred to 50mL centrifuge tubes, sample pellet adds the 200gL-1SDS of 4.5mL extracts and 0.5mL, vortex 10s,
65 DEG C of water-bath 10min, room temperature centrifugation (12000rpm) 10min, collect supernatant and merge with previous supernatant.Supernatant use etc.
Chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (the v of volume:V=24:1) extract, after centrifugation extract water phase transfer into another 50mL centrifuge tubes, with 0.6 body
Product isopropanol precipitation at room temperature 1h, room temperature centrifugation (12000rpm) 20min, collects nucleic acid precipitation, with cold 700mlL-1 ethanol
Washing precipitation, dries up, and in being dissolved in the ultra-pure water of sterilizing, final volume is 200 μ L.
PCR (PCR) is with reference to (2000) methods such as Nakatsu.Pcr amplification reaction system:10 × buffer solution
2.5 μ L, dNTP (25mmolL-1) 2 μ L, primer 1 (25pmol ì L-1) 0.5 μ L, primer 2 (25pmol ì L-1) 0.5 μ L,
The μ L of Mg2+ (25mmolL-1) 2.5, template (soil DNA of appropriate dilution) 1 μ L, the μ L of Taq archaeal dna polymerases 1, the μ of distilled water 15
L, the μ L of cumulative volume 25.Reaction condition:94 DEG C of denaturations 5min, 94 DEG C of denaturation 30s, 60 DEG C of annealing 30s, 72 DEG C of extension 15s, 72 DEG C
5min is kept, is circulated altogether 35 times, 4 DEG C of insulations.
Primer is bacterial universal primers:Primer 1:PRBA338F Bacteria V3region(338-358)5-AC TCC
TAC GGG AGG CAG CAG-3;Primer 2:PRUN518R Universal V3region(534-518)5-ATT ACC GCG
GCT GCT GG-3;GC clamp:5-CGC CCG CCG CGC GCG GCG GGC GGG GCG GGG GCA CGG GGG
G-3。
The analysis of DGGE and DGGE gels is with reference to (2000) and Navarro-Noya such as (2008) such as Asakawa, Nakatsu
Deng (2010).
DNA is entered using D-Code abrupt climatic change systems (Bio-Rad) after PCR amplifications to sample in compost extract
Row DGGE is analyzed.Polyacrylamide concentration used is 8%, and denatured gradient is 40%-60%, 60 DEG C of 80V constant temperature, 1 ×
Electrophoresis 16h in TAE, scans, using Quantity One (Bio-Rad) analysis result after silver staining.
3. different extraction process vinasse compost extract bacterial community sex index vdiverse in function
10mL compost extract samples are accurately weighed, is added to dilute in addition 90mL SPSSs (0.85%NaCl)
Release, 30min, 3~5min of quiescent setting are shaken in shaking table, then carry out 100 times of dilutions, with the addition of the μ L dilutions of every hole 150
In microwell plate, the bacteria suspension for preparing is poured in aseptic liquid relief groove, be inoculated in Ecoplate's using octal pipettor
In 96 holes, be put in Biolog Omnilog instrument 28 DEG C it is incubated, wavelength is automatically determined per 15min for 590nm's and 750nm
Color and turbidity.
Calculate Functional diversities of soil microbial communities index excellent by Shannon diversity indices (H), Simpson respectively
Gesture degree index (D)-and McIntosh evenness indexs (U) are representing.
H=- ∑ PilnPi;
Wherein Pi is the ratio of the i-th hole Relative Absorbance value and whole flat board Relative Absorbance value summation;
Wherein, ni is the relative light absorption value in the i-th hole, and N is Relative Absorbance value summation.
5th, data processing
Can extract that main component recovery rate (%)=(total nitrogen content in compost extraction × weight shared by full nitrogen+full phosphorus contains
Amount × weight shared by full phosphorus+full potassium content × weight shared by full potassium)/(the shared power of total nitrogen content in test compost used × full nitrogen
Weight+content of tatal phosphorus × weight shared by full phosphorus+full potassium content × weight shared by full potassium) × 100.
The amount of the amount of a certain composition/whole composition in weight=compost extraction shared by a certain composition.
With being processed using Microsoft Excel 2003, significance analysis adopt SPSS Base to test data
Ver.13.0 statistical softwares (SPSS, IL, Chicago, USA) carry out Duncan Multiple range tests (P≤0.05).
6th, result and analysis
Impact of the 6.1 different withdrawal ratios and aeration condition to the nutrient content of vinasse compost extract
It will be seen from figure 1 that different withdrawal ratios and aeration condition can to a certain extent affect vinasse compost to extract
Essential nutrient contents in liquid.For leaching liquor total nitrogen content, no matter 1 under aerobic conditions and anaerobic condition:The 4 full nitrogen for processing
Content and 1:8 process between no significant difference but be significantly higher than 1:10 are processed, than 1:10 process 39.2% (aerobic conditions) of increase
With 40.8% (anaerobic condition).It is aerobic to carry no matter withdrawal ratio under aerobic conditions for the full phosphorus amount of leaching liquor
Take organic matter and content of tatal phosphorus in vinasse compost extract be above be sick of extract vinasse compost extract in organic matter and
Content of tatal phosphorus.And the aerobic full nitrogen for extracting vinasse compost extract and being sick of in extraction vinasse compost extract and full potassium content phase
When.For different withdrawal ratios, the ratio of compost and water is 1:8 and 1:Mainly support in the 5 vinasse compost extracts for processing
Divide content of a relatively high (Fig. 2).
Impact of the different extraction times to the nutrient content of vinasse compost extract under 6.2 aerobic conditions
Under aerobic conditions, organic matter, full nitrogen, full phosphorus and full potassium content are with extraction time in vinasse compost extract
Prolongation and gradually increase, finally tend towards stability (table 1).As can be seen from the table, the vinasse compost extract of 36h-84h is extracted
Middle organic matter, full nitrogen, full phosphorus and full potassium content are not significantly different from.Extract organic matter in the vinasse compost extract of 36h, complete
Nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content increased respectively than organic matter in the vinasse compost extract for extracting 12h and 24h and total nitrogen content
30.5% and 5.8%, 32.2% and 13.7%, 25.7% and 11.8%, 19.0% and 8.0%.
Impact of the different time of table 1 to essential nutrient contents in aerobic extraction vinasse compost extract
Note:Different letter representations are marked after each column numerical value notable (duncan's test) in 5% level difference.
6.3 different extraction process vinasse compost extract Bacterial diversity Floristics
Table 2 is different extraction process vinasse compost extract Bacterial diversity faunas, from table 3 it can be seen that can in DEC
Culture bacterial number increased 163.6% and 217.8% than AFEC and NAFEC respectively, and unwrapping wire can be cultivated in DEC and NAFEC
Bacterium number amount improves 256.1% and 166.4%, DEC than AFEC respectively
Note:Different letter representations are marked after each column numerical value notable (duncan's test) in 5% level difference.
6.4 different extraction process vinasse compost extract bacterial quorum sensing diversity analysis
Fig. 3 is the DGGE figures of bacterial 16 S rDNA V3 fragment PCR products in different extraction process vinasse compost extracts
Spectrum, from this figure it can be seen that compared with the bacterium DGGE band numbers in DEC, AFEC and NAFEC bacterium DGGE band numbers substantially subtract
It is few, but AFEC bacterium DGGE bands number is more than NAFEC bacterium DGGE band numbers again.DGGE strip pattern similarity system trees by
Quantity One softwares are drawn according to this coefficient is worn according to Neighbor Joining calculating, and the scope for wearing this coefficient (does not have from 0
Have common band) to 1 (all bands are identical).With wearing each Lane Sample similarity matrix that this coefficient is calculated, can be with it
Similitude in DGGE collection of illustrative plates between each Lane Sample is compared.Adjacent method analysis (Neighbor Joining) shows (figure
4), the bacterium of three kinds of vinasse compost extract samples is divided into Liang great groups, and DEC is a group, and AFEC and NAFEC is another
Group, and the similarity of AFEC and NAFEC groups reaches 0.51.
6.5 different extraction process vinasse compost extract bacterial community functional diversity analyses
Table 3 represents different extraction process vinasse compost extract bacterium DGGE structure of community diversity analysis results.From table
In as can be seen that AFEC and NAFEC bacteria abundances index reduces 15.0% and 45.0% than DEC respectively, and NAFEC bacteriums are rich
Degree index reduces 35.3% than AFEC.The same bacteria abundance of variation tendency of three kinds of vinasse compost extract Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria indexes
The variation tendency of index, DEC Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria index increased 7.9% and 19.0% than AFEC and NAFEC respectively, and AFEC is thin
Bacterium diversity indices increased 13.7% than NAFEC.However, three kinds of vinasse compost extract bacteriums spend index then without notable
Difference.For different extraction process vinasse compost extract bacterium stability indexs, DEC and AFEC bacteriums stability index ratio
NAFEC increased respectively 51.0% and 54.2%, and DEC bacteriums stability index is suitable with AFEC bacterium stability indexs.
The different extraction process vinasse compost extract bacterium DGGE structure of community diversity analysis of table 3
Above content is to combine specific preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert
The present invention be embodied as be confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention,
On the premise of without departing from present inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of preparation method of aerobic lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor, it is characterised in that:Vinasse compost and water are pressed into 1:8 quality
Ratio is placed in Plastic Drum after fully mixing, and three tracheaes with the head that steams evenly distributedly is inserted in Plastic Drum, 20
Continuous aeration 36h at DEG C -25 DEG C, then obtain final product lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor after warp thread cloth is filtered.
2. the preparation method of aerobic lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The vinasse compost
In containing organic matter 74.8%, full nitrogen 3.57%, full phosphorus 2.18% and full potassium 1.23%.
3. the preparation method of aerobic lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The throughput is
33L·min-1。
4. application of the lees organic fertilizer leaching liquor on crop foliage-spray as described in the appended claim 1.
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