CN106631118B - Through-hole ceramsite and production method thereof - Google Patents

Through-hole ceramsite and production method thereof Download PDF

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CN106631118B
CN106631118B CN201611150642.5A CN201611150642A CN106631118B CN 106631118 B CN106631118 B CN 106631118B CN 201611150642 A CN201611150642 A CN 201611150642A CN 106631118 B CN106631118 B CN 106631118B
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ceramsite
air holes
hole
water
binder
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CN106631118A (en
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万杨知为
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0003—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof containing continuous channels, e.g. of the "dead-end" type or obtained by pushing bars in the green ceramic product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77—Density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance

Abstract

The invention discloses through-hole ceramsite and a production method thereof. The through-hole ceramsite comprises a ceramsite shell and air holes positioned in the ceramsite shell, wherein the air holes are open air holes or through air holes. The production method comprises the following steps: 1) adding water into inorganic non-metallic material powder, long-strip organic fiber and a binder, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed ceramic mud; 2) preparing the mixed ceramic mud material into strips, pre-drying the strips, and cutting the strips into sections to obtain ceramic blank; 3) and (3) after the ceramsite blank is dried, carrying out high-temperature sintering, wherein the inorganic non-metal material forms a hard framework, and the long-strip-shaped plant fibers are oxidized to form air holes. Practice proves that the through-hole ceramsite can be used for replacing cobblestones in sponge city construction and can be better used for water storage and drainage.

Description

Through-hole ceramsite and production method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to through-hole ceramsite applied to water permeation and storage in sponge cities and a production method thereof.
Background
The sponge city is a city which can be like a sponge, has good elasticity in the aspects of adapting to environmental changes, coping with natural disasters and the like, absorbs water, stores water, seeps water and purifies water when raining, and releases and utilizes the stored water when needed. The sponge city has the toughness of flexibly coping with and adapting to various water environment crises in the face of flooding or drought, and embodies the idea of coping with natural disasters in the elastic city and the idea of sustainable comprehensive management of water environment and rainwater resources.
Sponge city construction should follow ecological priority principle such as, combine together natural way and artificial measures, under the prerequisite of guaranteeing urban drainage waterlogging prevention safety, closely combine rainwater infiltration, delay, collection and storage, purification, cyclic utilization and drainage, furthest realizes that rainwater stores up in the urban area, infiltration and purification, promotes the utilization of rainwater resource and ecological environment protection.
The typical structure of the existing sponge city comprises a permeable surface layer, a permeable concrete layer, a cobble water storage layer, an ash soil layer, a plain soil layer, and related facilities such as a reservoir, a pipeline, a water pump and the like from the ground to the bottom. After raining, rainwater enters the cobble water storage layer through the two permeable layers, redundant water enters the reservoir through the pipeline, and water in the reservoir is sprayed to a required place through the water suction pump in the drought process. The ceramsite is ceramic particles, most of the appearance characteristics of the ceramsite are round or oval spheres, the surface of the ceramsite is provided with a hard outer shell, and the outer shell is ceramic or enamel, has the effects of resisting water and retaining gas, and endows the ceramsite with higher strength. The inside of the ceramsite is in the shape of fine honeycomb-shaped air holes which are closed air holes which are sealed in a hard shell and are not communicated with the outside, and the air holes are formed by wrapping air in the shell. Therefore, the ceramsite shell is hard and light in weight, and is often used for building cobble water storage layers in sponge cities. The problems of the typical structure of the current sponge city are as follows: 1) the gaps among the cobblestones of the cobblestone water storage layer store part of water, and the cobblestones can not store water, so that the storage capacity of the whole water storage layer is small; 2) the water stored in the reservoir must be reused by the suction pump, which increases the equipment investment and consumes energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide through-hole ceramsite aiming at the defects in the prior art, and the through-hole ceramsite is used for replacing cobblestones in sponge city construction and can be better used for water storage and drainage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the through-hole ceramsite comprises a ceramsite shell and air holes positioned in the ceramsite shell, and is characterized in that the air holes are open air holes or through air holes.
Preferably, the through air hole is connected with a communication air hole.
Further, the pore diameter of the air hole is 0.3-3.0 mm. Because if the pore size is too small, the water storage capacity is small, and the pore size is too large, water is easy to flow out and is not suitable for being stored in the ceramic grains.
Still further, the compressive strength of the through-hole ceramsite is not less than 10MPa, wherein the compressive strength S is P/A, and the formula is as follows: s compressive strength, unit MPa; p is the maximum load in N when the sample is crushed; area of A sample in mm2。
Still further, the through-hole ceramsite has a volume density p of 0.6-1.0 g/cm3Where the bulk density p is m/V, wherein: m is the mass of a single ceramsite, the unit g and V are the apparent volume of the single ceramsite and the unit cm3。
Still further, the through-hole ceramsite has a water absorption of 30-60%, wherein the water absorption W is (M)2-M1)/M1X 100 percent, namely putting the dried ceramsite into water for 30 seconds, taking out the ceramsite, dripping water drops, and weighing the ceramsite by weight percentage.
The most of the air holes in the existing common ceramsite are closed air holes or only a small number of open air holes, and the existing common ceramsite has no through air holes or communicated air holes, so that the ceramsite has the functions of water isolation and air retention. While the invention is directed toThe main air holes in the porous ceramsite are through air holes, communicated air holes, a small number of open air holes and a small number of closed air holes. Due to the capillary action of a large amount of water in the pores, the water can easily enter the pores of the ceramsite, and the water in the pores is not easy to flow out under the condition of low external pressurization strength. When a common amount of rainwater flows, the through-hole ceramsite can store a large amount of water by utilizing a large amount of air holes in the ceramsite, so that the volume of the reservoir is reduced, and the investment of the reservoir is reduced; when the rainfall is too large, the water pressure outside the ceramsite is increased, and the air holes in the ceramsite can also be used as water flow channels, so that redundant rainwater can flow away through the through holes and gaps between the ceramsite, and the water flow speed is increased. When drought occurs, the water stored in the pores of the ceramsite is evaporated by heating and is absorbed by the vegetation. Therefore, the water storage capacity of the cobble water storage layer built by the through-hole ceramsite is larger than that of the traditional cobble layer, a water suction pump and a spray head are not needed to supply water within a certain range, the irrigation frequency is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced. The through-hole ceramsite shell is made of Al2O3、CaO、MgO、SiO2、Fe2O3And compounds formed at high temperature of these components the compounds formed at high temperature of these components are crustous and can be present in air or water for a long period of time without softening or powdering and retain their original shape.
The invention also provides a production method of the through-hole ceramsite, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: it comprises the following steps:
1) adding water into inorganic non-metallic material powder, long-strip organic fiber and a binder, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed ceramic mud;
2) preparing the mixed ceramic mud material into strips, pre-drying the strips, and cutting the strips into sections to obtain ceramic blank;
3) after the ceramsite blank is dried, high-temperature sintering is carried out, the inorganic non-metal material forms a hard framework, and the long-strip-shaped plant fibers are oxidized to form air holes;
wherein the inorganic non-metallic material is: one or more of industrial clay, formed sludge, steel slag and fly ash; the binder is organic binder and/or inorganic binder, the organic binder is one or two of CMC or dextrin, and the inorganic binder is one or more of water glass, bentonite and diatomite. Preferably, the amount of the organic binder is 2-8% of the total weight of the inorganic non-metallic material, and the amount of the inorganic binder is 10-22% of the total weight of the inorganic non-metallic material. The adhesive is mainly used for increasing the plasticity of the pug in the production of the ceramsite and strengthening the initial strength of the ceramsite blank so that the ceramsite blank is not easy to break.
Preferably, the long-strip plant fibers are one or more of wheat straws, rice straws, natural grass leaves and treated branches, bamboo branches and vines. The long-strip plant fibers are oxidized and burnt out to form air holes in the process of sintering the ceramsite.
Still further, in the step 3), the temperature of high-temperature sintering is 1000-1300 ℃, and the sintering time is 10-50 min.
The invention relates to a method for producing through-hole ceramsite, which comprises the steps of taking industrial clay, formed sludge, steel slag and fly ash as framework materials of a ceramsite shell, mixing organic strip-shaped plant fiber materials in the ceramsite material to serve as air hole materials, cutting a ceramsite blank into segments after drying, exposing a large number of strip-shaped plant fibers on the surface of the blank, sintering the ceramsite blank at high temperature, burning the organic plant fibers to remove capillary air holes, wherein the air holes are mostly open air holes or through air holes, and the open air holes and the through air holes are connected with air holes in various forms, such as communicated air holes and the like. A large number of capillary holes which run through two ends of the cylindrical ceramsite are arranged in the through hole ceramsite, air holes which are communicated with the capillary holes are also arranged on the side surface of the cylinder, and communicating holes can also be arranged between adjacent capillary holes. The existence of the communicating holes means that all capillary holes can not completely penetrate through two ends of the column body in production to form only deeper open air holes; the short plant fibers form closed pores in the ceramsite, and the communicating pores are communicated with other through pores and open pores and also become through pores. When the ordinary haydite is produced, the material is burnt to semi-molten state, the crystal water in the haydite is gasified, or some chemical reaction occurs to produce gas aggregation to form pores, so that the pores are closed.
The capillary pores of the through-hole ceramsite are obtained by burning out organic fibers, and are different from the common ceramsite which is obtained by generating gas in raw materials. The raw materials are easy to obtain, the sources are wide, the price is low, the sintering temperature is easy to control, and the heat generated by the combustion of the long-strip plant fibers in the sintering process can reduce the production energy consumption and the production cost. In addition, even if the through-hole ceramsite is crushed by external force, a large number of air holes inside the through-hole ceramsite are leaked and displayed, and the using effect of the through-hole ceramsite as a cobblestone water storage layer is not influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the through-hole ceramsite internal pore.
In the figure, 1, an open pore, 2, a closed pore, 3, a through pore, 4 and a communicating pore.
Detailed Description
The through-hole ceramsite and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A production method of through-hole ceramsite comprises the following steps:
1) adding a proper amount of water into industrial clay, blending into mud (which has certain strength and can be molded into any shape like plasticine), adding turfgrass, and kneading, extruding and rubbing to fully bond the mud on the turfgrass to form mixed pottery mud;
2) kneading the mixed ceramic mud material into a cylindrical blank, pre-drying the cylindrical blank, and then shearing the cylindrical blank into a cylindrical ceramic mud section with the diameter of 30mm and the height of 40mm to obtain a through ceramsite blank;
3) and standing the ceramsite blank for 24 hours to fully disperse clay particles, baking at 120-150 ℃ for 1-2 hours, putting into a sintering furnace, slowly heating to 1200-1300 ℃, carrying out heat preservation sintering for 15min, and cooling to obtain the through-hole ceramsite.
The obtained through-hole ceramsite is pure clay through-hole ceramsite and comprises a ceramsite shell and air holes positioned in the ceramsite shell, wherein the structure of the internal air holes is shown in figure 1, the through-hole ceramsite is positioned in a through-hole ceramsite 5, the air holes are mostly open air holes 1 and through air holes 3, the through air holes 3 are connected with communicating air holes 4, and a small amount of closed air holes 2 are also arranged.
Through detection, the volume density of the through-hole ceramsite obtained in the embodiment is as follows: 0.7g/cm3, compressive strength: 21.2Mpa, water absorption: 41.5 percent.
Example 2
A production method of through-hole ceramsite comprises the following steps:
1) taking 120kg of industrial clay, grinding the industrial clay to 80kg of steel slag with the grain size less than 100 meshes, adding 40kg of water glass (because the quantity of the steel slag is more and the adhesive property of the clay is not enough), adding proper amount of water, mixing into a paste shape, adding proper amount of straw, and stirring to ensure that the powder is fully adhered to the straw to form mixed clay material;
2) preparing the mixed ceramic mud material into a cylindrical blank, and shearing the cylindrical blank into cylindrical ceramic mud sections with the diameter of 25mm and the height of 30mm to obtain a through ceramic blank;
3) and (3) placing the ceramsite blank for 24h to ensure that CaO in the steel slag is fully hydrated and the clay particles are fully dispersed, baking for 1-2 h at 120-150 ℃, placing the baked ceramsite blank into a sintering furnace, slowly heating to 1050-1100 ℃, carrying out heat preservation sintering for 20min, and cooling to obtain the through-hole ceramsite.
The through-hole clay steel slag through-hole ceramsite comprises a ceramsite shell and air holes positioned in the ceramsite shell, wherein the air holes mainly comprise open air holes and through air holes, and communicated air holes are connected among the air holes.
Measured, 0.72g/cm3, compressive strength: 13.8Mpa, water absorption: 55.5 percent.
Example 3
A production method of through-hole ceramsite comprises the following steps:
1) 80kg of mixture with the same amount of planting soil and fly ash is added with a proper amount of water, 4kg of dextrin is added to be prepared into mud, a proper amount of straw is added, and the soil is fully adhered to the straw through kneading, extruding and rubbing to form mixed pottery mud material;
2) kneading the mixed ceramic mud material into a cylindrical blank, and cutting the blank into cylindrical ceramic mud sections with the diameter of 35mm and the height of 20mm to obtain a through ceramsite blank;
3) standing the haydite blank ageing for 24h, baking at 110-130 ℃ for 1-2 h, putting into a sintering furnace, slowly heating to 1100-1150 ℃, carrying out heat preservation sintering for 20min, and cooling to obtain the through-hole haydite.
The obtained ceramic particle with the soil through hole comprises a ceramic particle shell and an air hole positioned in the ceramic particle shell, wherein the air hole is an open air hole or a through air hole, and the through air hole is connected with a communicating air hole.
Through detection, the volume density of the through-hole ceramsite of the present embodiment is 0.71g/cm3, and the compressive strength is: 28.7Mpa, water absorption: 39.3 percent.
Example 4
A production method of through-hole ceramsite comprises the following steps:
1) taking 50kg of dried formed pond sludge, 10kg of diatomite and a proper amount of water, mixing into a sludge shape (like plasticine, has certain strength and can be molded into any shape), adding turfgrass, and kneading, extruding and rubbing to ensure that the soil is fully adhered to the turfgrass to form a mixed clay material;
2) kneading the mixed ceramic mud material into a cylindrical blank, and cutting the blank into cylindrical ceramic mud sections with the diameter of 40mm and the height of 30mm to obtain a through ceramsite blank;
3) standing the ceramsite blank for 20h, baking at 110-120 ℃ for 1-2 h, putting into a sintering furnace, slowly heating to 1100-1200 ℃, carrying out heat preservation sintering for 15min, and cooling to obtain the through-hole ceramsite.
The obtained through-hole ceramsite is pond sludge through-hole ceramsite which comprises a ceramsite shell and air holes positioned in the ceramsite shell, wherein the air holes are open air holes or through air holes, and the through air holes are connected with communicated air holes.
Through detection, the volume density of the through-hole ceramsite of the present embodiment is 0.71g/cm3, and the compressive strength is: 15.9Mpa, water absorption: 34.9 percent.
Example 5
A production method of through-hole ceramsite comprises the following steps:
1) taking 140kg of pond sludge, 60kg of fly ash and 20kg of water glass, mixing into a sludge shape, adding bamboo branches processed into long strips, and kneading, extruding and rubbing to fully adhere the soil to the wheat straw to form mixed pottery mud material;
2) kneading the mixed ceramic mud material into a cylindrical blank, and cutting the blank into cylindrical ceramic mud sections with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 35mm to obtain a through ceramsite blank;
3) and standing the ceramsite blank for 18h to fully disperse clay particles, baking at 120-130 ℃ for 2-3 h, putting into a sintering furnace, slowly heating to 1100-1150 ℃, carrying out heat preservation sintering for 20min, and cooling to obtain the through-hole ceramsite.
The obtained through-hole ceramsite is pond sludge fly ash through-hole ceramsite which comprises a ceramsite shell and air holes positioned in the ceramsite shell, wherein the air holes mainly comprise open air holes and through air holes, and the through air holes are connected with communicated air holes.
Through tests, the volume density of the through-hole ceramsite obtained in the example is 0.68(g/cm3), and the compressive strength is as follows: 13.7Mpa, water absorption: 43.7 percent.

Claims (5)

1. A through-hole ceramsite comprises a ceramsite shell and air holes positioned in the ceramsite shell, and is characterized in that the air holes are open air holes or through air holes, the through air holes are connected with communicating air holes, and the aperture of each air hole is 0.3-3.0 mm;
the production method comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly stirring inorganic non-metal material powder, strip-shaped organic fiber, a binder and water to obtain mixed ceramic mud;
2) preparing the mixed ceramic mud material into strips, pre-drying the strips, and cutting the strips into sections to obtain ceramic blank;
3) after the ceramsite blank is sintered at high temperature, the inorganic non-metal material forms a hard shell skeleton, and the long-strip-shaped plant fibers are oxidized to form air holes;
wherein the inorganic non-metallic material is one or more of industrial clay, formed sludge, steel slag and fly ash; the binder is an organic binder and/or an inorganic binder, the organic binder is one or two of CMC or dextrin, and the inorganic binder is one or more of water glass, bentonite and diatomite; the long-strip plant fiber is one or more of wheat straw, rice straw, natural grass and leaves, and processed branches, bamboo branches and vines; the dosage of the organic binder is 2-8% of the total weight of the inorganic non-metallic material, and the dosage of the inorganic binder is 10-22% of the total weight of the inorganic non-metallic material.
2. The through-hole ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein: the compressive strength of the through-hole ceramsite is more than or equal to 10 MPa.
3. The through-hole ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein: the through-hole ceramsite has a volume density of 0.6-1.0 g/cm3。
4. The through-hole ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein: the water absorption rate of the through-hole ceramsite is 30-60%.
5. The through-hole ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1000-1300 ℃, and the sintering time is 10-50 min.
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CN109592989A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-04-09 武汉理工大学 A kind of high-strength light porous ceramic grain and preparation method thereof
CN110054225B (en) * 2019-05-09 2022-02-22 新奥科技发展有限公司 Preparation method of oxygen carrier
CN110683831B (en) * 2019-09-27 2022-04-26 中车环境科技有限公司 Novel sludge ceramsite and preparation method and application thereof
CN111533535A (en) * 2020-05-08 2020-08-14 揭阳市汇兴环保建材有限公司 Ceramsite production process
CN112110511A (en) * 2020-08-25 2020-12-22 深圳务本材料科技有限公司 Nano spar
CN114163255B (en) * 2021-11-30 2023-05-12 光合生物科技(深圳)有限公司 Paving stone for potted plant and preparation method thereof

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CN104609889B (en) * 2015-02-11 2016-08-24 中国科学院广州能源研究所 A kind of through hole type porous ceramics and preparation method thereof
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