CN106630865A - 一种发泡水泥与发泡聚氨酯互穿网络外墙保温板及其制备 - Google Patents
一种发泡水泥与发泡聚氨酯互穿网络外墙保温板及其制备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种发泡水泥与发泡聚氨酯互穿网络外墙保温板及其制备，可有效解决发泡水泥板强度低、易开裂和发泡聚氨酯板成本高、防火性能差等缺陷。其特征在于所述外墙板由可发泡水泥(A组分)与聚氨酯(B组分)通过插孔注浆工艺制成。制备时先将A组分加工成发泡水泥板后，经插孔，加压灌入B组分，待聚氨酯发泡后，即可形成发泡水泥与发泡聚氨酯互穿网络结构。本发明优点是所研制的建筑外墙保温板质量轻，表干密度100～300kg/m3；导热系数为0.03～0.05W/(m.K)，隔热保温性能更佳；抗压强度为0.2～3.0MPa；此外，还具有吸声降噪、防火阻燃、综合成本低等特点。可广泛应用于建筑外墙保温节能降耗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种具有防火保温功能的建筑材料及其制备，具体涉及的是一种发泡水泥与发泡聚氨酯互穿网络结构外墙保温板及其制备。
背景技术
传统的聚氨酯等有机保温材料具有具有质量轻、导热系数低、耐热性好等优点，在现有节能建筑中运用广泛，然而普遍存在保温与防火不能兼顾的缺点，在燃烧时释放大量热量、产生大量有毒烟气，不仅会加速大火蔓延，而且容易造成被困人员及救援人员伤亡。而发泡水泥类的无机保温材料是一种含有大量封闭气孔的新型轻质保温材料，因此具有较好的保温性能，这是由于空气的导热系数远小于固体水化产物的导热系数，而封闭的孔洞机构又阻隔了换热。但是发泡水泥保温材料容重大，导热系数相对较高，脆性较大，加之强度较低，有开裂甚至脱落风险，严重限制了其在墙体保温领域的推广应用。在当前形势下，克服现有技术的不足，充分利用有机材料和无机材料的优点制备有机无机复合材料是未来保温防火材料发展的重要方向。本发明拟利用聚氨酯的特性，对发泡水泥起增强、防水、增韧、抗裂、降低容重和导热系数等作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种发泡水泥与发泡聚氨酯互穿网络结构外墙保温板其制备方法，通过在发泡水泥中插孔灌入一定量的发泡聚氨酯构成外墙保温板实现防火保温，利用发泡水泥的低成本和水性聚氨酯的弹性，结合二者构成的网络结构提高发泡水泥的抗裂能力。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的，本发明包括A、B双组分按重量计原料配方分别如下：
(1)A组分(按重量计)：水泥50～100份，早强剂0.1～3.0份，减水剂0.1～2.0份，粉煤灰0～45.0，份PP纤维(8-10mm)0.3～1.0份，硬脂酸钙(CP)0.5～2.0份，H2O(室温水)30～60份，石蜡0～5.0份，发泡剂H2O2(27.5％)5.0～10.0份。
所述水泥选自硫铝酸盐水泥、硅酸盐水泥、硫酸盐水泥中的一种或多种。
作为一种优选方式，所述水为温度为30-50℃的温水。
(2)B组分(按重量计)：聚氨酯黑料(PU)5～50份，白料5～45份，三乙醇胺(TEA)1.0～3.0份，发泡剂1.0～10.0份，有机锡催化剂0.1～1.0份。
所述发泡剂为水或一氟三氯甲烷(F-11)、二氟二氯甲烷(F-12)、一氟三氯乙烷(141b)、环戊烷、环异戊烷、1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷(245fa)；
所述聚氨酯黑料可以是二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)、粗MDI等；
所述白料则包含有聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、胺类催化剂、有机锡催化剂、聚硅氧烷-聚醚类稳泡剂。
所述一种发泡水泥与发泡聚氨酯互穿网络结构外墙保温板制备过程包括以下步骤：
(1)制备发泡水泥板：先将A组份浆料混合均匀，然后加入发泡剂H2O2，迅速搅拌并浇涛到模具中，静置得到发泡水泥板。
(2)插孔：上述发泡水泥板静置4～24小时后，发泡水泥板具有一定强度，按照特定的布局(见附图1)进行插孔，可控制孔的分布位置，孔的深度、孔径大小和孔的数量。
(3)制备发泡聚氨酯并灌入孔洞中：将B组分聚氨酯黑、白料浆料混合均匀，利用加压灌浆机加压灌注到上述插孔形成的孔洞中，聚氨酯发泡后，形成具有封闭气孔的发泡聚氨酯和发泡水泥复合外墙保温板。
(4)经自然养护养护15天，制备得到发泡水泥和发泡聚氨酯共存的互穿网络结构，可根据需要进行切割。
由于聚氨酯和水泥单独发泡，二者干扰较小，所以聚氨酯的加量可以不受影响，重量份在5～80份均可。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：聚氨酯与水泥单独发泡，通过插孔注浆过程结合在一起构成发泡水泥与发泡聚氨酯互穿网络结构外墙保温板。首先通过化学法在水泥中引入大量微小、稳定、封闭的气泡制备发泡水泥板，然后插孔，灌入发泡聚氨酯浆料，形成发泡水泥与发泡聚氨酯互穿网络结构外墙保温板，克服发泡水泥易粉化，强度低和发泡聚氨酯防火性能差等缺点，具有吸声降噪，防火阻燃，综合成本低等优点。
附图说明
图1是实施例1插孔位置分布示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
本实施例首先配置A组分水泥浆料：
(1)A组分(按重量计)：水泥95份，早强剂2.5份，减水剂1.5份，粉煤灰5.0份，份PP纤维(8-10mm)1.0份，硬脂酸钙(CP)2.0份，H2O(室温水)30份，石蜡2.0份，将以上浆料 充分混合均匀，然后加入发泡剂H2O2(27.5％)8.0份，迅速搅拌并浇涛到1.0×2.0m模具中，静置得到发泡水泥板。
将上述发泡水泥板静置4～24小时后，发泡水泥板具有一定强度，按照附图1进行插孔。
称取B组分(按重量计)：聚氨酯黑料(PU)45份，白料35份，三乙醇胺(TEA)3.0份，发泡剂水10.0份，有机锡催化剂1.0份充分混合均匀；
利用加压灌浆机加压灌注到上述插孔形成的孔洞中，待聚氨酯发泡后，整平，去掉多余的泡沫，得到具有封闭气孔的发泡聚氨酯和发泡水泥复合外墙保温板。
盖上塑料薄膜经自然养护15天，制备得到发泡水泥和发泡聚氨酯共存的互穿网络结构，切割成8块0.5×0.5m外墙保温板。
Claims (3)
1.所述发泡水泥与发泡聚氨酯互穿网络结构外墙保温板由A、B双组分组成，原料配方分别如下：
(1)A组分(按重量计)：水泥50～100份，早强剂0.1～3.0份，减水剂0.1～2.0份，粉煤灰0～45.0，份PP纤维(8-10mm)0.3～1.0份，硬脂酸钙(CP)0.5～2.0份，H2O(室温水)30～60份，石蜡0～5.0份，发泡剂H2O2(27.5％)5.0～10.0份
(2)B组分(按重量计)：聚氨酯黑料(PU)5～50份，白料5～45份，三乙醇胺(TEA)1.0～3.0份，发泡剂1.0～10.0份，有机锡催化剂0.1～1.0份。所述发泡剂为水或一氟三氯甲烷(F-11)、二氟二氯甲烷(F-12)、一氟三氯乙烷(141b)、环戊烷、环异戊烷、1，1，1，3，3-五氟丙烷(245fa)；所述聚氨酯黑料可以是二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)、粗MDI等；所述白料则包含有聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、胺类催化剂、有机锡催化剂、聚硅氧烷-聚醚类稳泡剂。
2.使用时将A组分与B组分通过插孔注浆而制成。插孔注浆过程如下：
(1)制备发泡水泥板：先将A组份浆料混合均匀，然后加入发泡剂H2O2，迅速搅拌并浇涛到模具中，静置得到发泡水泥板
(2)插孔：上述发泡水泥板静置4～24小时后，发泡水泥板具有一定强度，按照特定的布局进行插孔，纵向与横向的孔错开分布，可控制孔的孔径大小和数量
(3)制备发泡聚氨酯并灌入孔洞中：将B组分聚氨酯黑、白料浆料混合均匀，利用加压灌浆机加压灌注到上述插孔形成的孔洞中，聚氨酯发泡后，形成具有封闭气孔的发泡聚氨酯和发泡水泥复合外墙保温板
(4)经自然养护养护15天，制备得到发泡水泥和发泡聚氨酯共存的互穿网络结构，可根据需要进行切割。
3.由于聚氨酯和水泥单独发泡，二者干扰较小，所以聚氨酯的加量由所插孔的数量、大小确定，重量份在5～80份均可能达到阻燃的目的。
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| CN108929095A (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-04 | 定远县双远新型建筑材料厂 | 一种高强度外墙保温板及其制备工艺 |
| CN110451892A (zh) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-15 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | 一种现场浇筑发泡的建筑保温材料及制备方法、应用方法 |
| CN113614137A (zh) * | 2019-03-26 | 2021-11-05 | 气体运输技术公司 | 罐的隔热主体的聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫块状物及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108929095A (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-04 | 定远县双远新型建筑材料厂 | 一种高强度外墙保温板及其制备工艺 |
| CN113614137A (zh) * | 2019-03-26 | 2021-11-05 | 气体运输技术公司 | 罐的隔热主体的聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫块状物及其制备方法 |
| CN113614137B (zh) * | 2019-03-26 | 2024-03-01 | 气体运输技术公司 | 罐的隔热主体的聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫块状物及其制备方法 |
| CN110451892A (zh) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-15 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | 一种现场浇筑发泡的建筑保温材料及制备方法、应用方法 |
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