CN106621568A - 抗菌型pm2.5复合过滤材料制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

抗菌型pm2.5复合过滤材料制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN106621568A
CN106621568A CN201611116884.2A CN201611116884A CN106621568A CN 106621568 A CN106621568 A CN 106621568A CN 201611116884 A CN201611116884 A CN 201611116884A CN 106621568 A CN106621568 A CN 106621568A
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layer
antimicrobial form
activated carbon
composite filter
composite
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CN106621568B (zh
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梁伟
莫丹
蔡晓红
袁平
杜榕
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Institute of Modern Physics of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • A62B23/02—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B32B9/007—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile comprising carbon, e.g. graphite, composite carbon
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    • B32B9/041—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/28—Arrangement or mounting of filters
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    • B32B2262/103—Metal fibres

Abstract

本发明涉及一种抗菌型PM2.5过滤材料及其应用。一种抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，其主要特点在于：依次由迎风层、初过滤层、杀菌层、活性炭过滤层、精细过滤层组成，其中初过滤层和精细过滤层均为核孔膜。杀菌层具有纳米银颗粒，利用核孔膜孔径均一、孔密度均匀、孔隙率高的特点，及增加杀菌层的设计，通过多层过滤和吸附作用，有效地实现了阻隔PM2.5颗粒的目的，由该过滤材料制备成的滤芯和口罩，相对于传统的口罩，更有效阻隔PM2.5颗粒，使用寿命长，透气性好，符合环保要求的特性，值得生产并推广。

Description

抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料制备方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及空气过滤领域，尤其是PM2.5防护和防雾霾的材料制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
近年来，随着我国多个省市出现了持续浓重的雾霾天气，以及国家对环保的日益重视，新修订的《环境空气质量标准》也增加了PM2.5监测指标。这些都使得人们越来越多的关注“PM2.5”。
PM，英文全称是particular matter，即为颗粒物。PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5μm的颗粒物，也称为可入肺颗粒物。其粒径过小不易被呼吸道阻挡，被吸入人体后会直接进入支气管和肺泡，干扰肺部的气体交换，并引发其他疾病。同时PM2.5粒径小，其表面易富含大量的有毒、有害物质且在大气中的停留时间长，输送距离远，因而对人体造成多种健康的威胁。
伴随着我国经济的高速增长，多地区空气中PM2.5颗粒浓度值偏高已经成为客观现实，为应对PM2.5的污染，民众对空气净化设备和针对性的口罩表现出了极大的热情，而过滤材料是构成空气净化设备和口罩的主要关键材料，但目前市场上特别针对这种极细粒子进行防护的过滤材料质量参差不齐，大多数都是使用无纺布、纱布、塑料网布等制备而成，它们的织孔或网孔都较大，一些细小的粒子或烟尘还能穿过口罩进入鼻腔；要么复合过滤材料的透气性能不好，并且大部分过滤材料只能够起到过滤的效果，对于颗粒携带的病毒细菌不能够起到净化作用。
核孔膜又名核径迹蚀刻膜，是国外90年代发展起来的一种新型微孔滤膜。该膜是一种精密过滤和筛分粒子的理想滤膜，微孔结构为圆柱状孔道且孔径大小均匀，属筛分过滤机理，能多次重复使用，承压能力强，耐高温消毒，化学及生物稳定性好，被认为是目前最好的精密过滤材料，在国外目前已广泛应用于电子，食品，化学，制药等工业和生物，医学，环境，分析检测等领域，具有广阔的应用前景。但应用到空气过滤领域的报道很少，本发明人将其应用到过滤材料中获得了意想不到的效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于避免现有技术的不足之处而提供一种抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料。以得到过滤效果好、使用寿命长、抗菌性能好的过滤材料，解决了空气净化器的滤芯和口罩的内芯，不但能够针对性的过滤PM2.5颗粒，同时可以除去空气中的细菌和病毒，对含有雾霾的空气净化具有很好的效果。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料的制备方法。
本发明的还一目的在于提供抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料在抗菌型PM2.5空气净化器滤芯上的应用。
本发明的还一目的在于提供抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料在抗菌型防雾霾口罩上的应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：一种抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，其主要特点在于：依次由迎风层、初过滤层、杀菌层、活性炭过滤层、精细过滤层组成，其中初过滤层和精细过滤层均为核孔膜。
所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，所述迎风层为自沾性纤维掺杂质量百分比为1-5％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布。
所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，所述初过滤层为PET或PP核孔膜，膜厚度为0.02-0.05mm，孔径为10-30μm，孔密度为0.5×105cm-2-3×105cm-2。
所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，所述的杀菌层为天然植物纤维和自沾性纤维的混抄无纺布，并且浸渍有质量百分比为3-8％的纳米银颗粒，无纺布基重为2g/m2-15g/m2。
所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，所述的活性炭过滤层为椰壳型活性炭、核桃壳活性炭或桃核活性炭，活性炭粒径为20-40μm。
所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，所述的精细过滤层为PET或PP核孔膜，膜厚度为0.01-0.03mm，孔径为0.5-2μm，孔密度为5×106cm-2-1×108cm-2。
所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料的制备方法，其主要特点在于步骤为：
步骤一、将迎风层、初过滤层之间采用针刺的方式结合在一起获得复合层一；
步骤二、将杀菌层、活性炭过滤层、精细过滤层依次叠加在一起，采用热压的方式，将杀菌层、活性炭过滤层、精细过滤层三层四周热压密封固定，其中热压温度为150-210℃制得复合层二；
步骤三、将复合层一置于复合层二之上，采用针刺工艺将两个复合层复合在一起，则最终制得抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料。
所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料在抗菌型PM2.5空气净化器滤芯上的应用。
所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料在抗菌型防雾霾口罩上的应用。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的初过滤层和精细过滤层均采用核孔膜，利用核孔膜孔径均一、孔密度均匀、孔隙率高的特点，提高了过滤效率和增加了过滤材料的使用寿命；过滤层采用特殊的五层结构：在初过滤和精细过滤层之间设置杀菌层和活性炭层，杀菌过滤层采用无纺布、活性炭过滤层设置有活性炭颗粒，这两层的孔径比初过滤层的孔径要大，在不增加过滤压力的同时，能够对空气进行杀菌除臭除异味等作用，提高了过滤效率，还对后面的精细过滤层进行保护；增加杀菌层的设计，结合通过多层过滤和吸附作用，有效地实现了阻隔PM2.5颗粒的目的，采用吸附能力强的椰壳型活性炭、核桃壳活性炭或桃核活性炭，能够有效吸附空气中的微小颗粒以及化学物质，使过滤后的空气更加干净、清新。
附图说明：
图1为PM2.5复合过滤材料结构示意图。
图中：1.迎风层、2.初过滤层、3.杀菌层、4.活性炭过滤层、5.精细过滤层。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。下面对本发明的内容进行详细的说明。
实施例1：见图1，一种抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，依次由迎风层1、初过滤层2、杀菌层3、活性炭过滤层4、精细过滤层5组成，其中初过滤层2和精细过滤层5均为核孔膜。
所述迎风层1为自沾性纤维掺杂1％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布。
所述初过滤层2为PET核孔膜，膜厚度为0.02mm，孔径为10μm，孔密度为0.5×105cm-2。
所述的杀菌层3为天然植物纤维和自沾性纤维的混抄无纺布，无纺布基重为2g/m2。
所述的活性炭过滤层4为椰壳型活性炭，活性炭粒径为20μm。
所述的精细过滤层5为PET核孔膜，膜厚度为0.01mm，孔径为0.5μm，孔密度为5×106cm-2。
实施例2：见图1，一种抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，依次由迎风层1、初过滤层2、杀菌层3、活性炭过滤层4、精细过滤层5组成，其中初过滤层2和精细过滤层5均为核孔膜。
所述迎风层1为自沾性纤维掺杂3％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布。
所述初过滤层2为PP核孔膜，膜厚度为0.03mm，孔径为20μm，孔密度为1.5×105cm-2。
所述的杀菌层3为天然植物纤维和自沾性纤维的混抄无纺布，并且浸渍有质量百分比为3％的纳米银颗粒，无纺布基重为10g/m2。
所述的活性炭过滤层4为核桃壳活性炭，活性炭粒径为30μm。
所述的精细过滤层5为PP核孔膜，膜厚度为0.02mm，孔径为1.5μm，孔密度为5×107cm-2。
实施例3：见图1，一种抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，依次由迎风层1、初过滤层2、杀菌层3、活性炭过滤层4、精细过滤层5组成，其中初过滤层2和精细过滤层5均为核孔膜。
所述迎风层1为自沾性纤维掺杂5％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布。
所述初过滤层2为PET核孔膜，膜厚度为0.05mm，孔径为30μm，孔密度为3×105cm-2。
所述的杀菌层3为天然植物纤维和自沾性纤维的混抄无纺布，并且浸渍有质量百分比为5％的纳米银颗粒，无纺布基重为15g/m2。
所述的活性炭过滤层4为桃核活性炭，活性炭粒径为40μm。
所述的精细过滤层5为PP核孔膜，膜厚度为0.03mm，孔径为2μm，孔密度为1×108cm-2。
实施例4：见图1，一种抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，由上到下依次由迎风层1、初过滤层2、杀菌层3、活性炭过滤层4、精细过滤层5构成，迎风层为自沾性纤维掺杂5％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布，基重为20g/m2；初过滤层为PET核孔膜，膜厚度为0.3mm，孔径为15μm，孔密度为2×105/cm2，杀菌层为天然植物纤维和自沾性纤维的混抄的无纺布，基重为15g/m2，浸渍有纳米银颗粒，纳米银颗粒粒径10-20nm，活性炭过滤层有椰壳型活性炭，活性炭粒径为40μm；精细过滤层为PET核孔膜，膜厚度为0.15mm，孔径为1.0μm，孔密度为1×107个/cm2。
所得过滤材料的过滤效率＞99.98％、透气率＞8.0cm/s，过滤阻力＜200Pa，过滤效率、透气率和过滤阻力均参照GB2626-2006测试。
实施例5：见图1，一种抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，PM2.5复合过滤材料的结构和组成与实施例1类似，不同的是：初过滤层2为PP核孔膜，膜厚度为0.5mm，孔径为20μm，孔密度为1×105/cm2，活性炭过滤层有桃核型活性炭，活性炭粒径为30μm；精细过滤层为PET核孔膜，膜厚度为0.3mm，孔径为2.0μm，孔密度为5×106个/cm2。
所得过滤材料的过滤效率＞99.98％、透气率＞10.0cm/s，过滤阻力＜180Pa，过滤效率、透气率和过滤阻力均参照GB2626-2006测试。
实施例6：实施例1中抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料的制备方法，
步骤一、将作为迎风层1的自沾性纤维掺杂5％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布、PP核孔膜初过滤层2叠加在一起，采用针刺的方式结合在一起获得复合层一；
迎风层1为自沾性纤维掺杂5％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布，基重为20g/m2；初过滤层2为PET核孔膜，膜厚度为0.3mm，孔径为15μm，孔密度为2×105/cm2。
步骤二、将杀菌层3的混抄无纺布、椰壳型活性炭层、PP核孔膜精细过滤层5依次叠加在一起，采用热压的方式，将三层的四周热压密封固定，其中热压温度为150℃制得复合层二；杀菌层3为天然植物纤维和自沾性纤维的混抄的无纺布，基重为15g/m2，浸渍有纳米银颗粒，纳米银颗粒粒径10-20nm，活性炭过滤层4有椰壳型活性炭，活性炭粒径为40μm；精细过滤层5为PET核孔膜，膜厚度为0.15mm，孔径为1.0μm，孔密度为1×107个/cm2。
步骤三、将复合层一置于复合层二之上，采用针刺工艺将两个复合层复合在一起，最终制得抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料。
实施例7：实施例1中抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料的制备方法，
步骤一、将作为迎风层1的自沾性纤维掺杂3％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布、PP核孔膜初过滤层2叠加在一起，采用针刺的方式结合在一起获得复合层一；
迎风层1为自沾性纤维掺杂5％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布，基重为20g/m2，初过滤层2为PP核孔膜，膜厚度为0.5mm，孔径为20μm，孔密度为1×105/cm2。
步骤二、将杀菌层3的混抄无纺布、椰壳型活性炭层、PP核孔膜精细过滤层5依次叠加在一起，采用热压的方式，将三层的四周热压密封固定，其中热压温度为180℃制得复合层二；杀菌层3为天然植物纤维和自沾性纤维的混抄的无纺布，基重为15g/m2，浸渍有纳米银颗粒，纳米银颗粒粒径20nm，活性炭过滤层4有桃核型活性炭，活性炭粒径为30μm；精细过滤层5为PET核孔膜，膜厚度为0.3mm，孔径为2.0μm，孔密度为5×106个/cm2。
步骤三、将复合层一置于复合层二之上，采用针刺工艺将两个复合层复合在一起，最终制得抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料。
实施例8：实施例1中抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料的制备方法，
步骤一、将作为迎风层1的自沾性纤维掺杂1％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布、PP核孔膜初过滤层2叠加在一起，采用针刺的方式结合在一起获得复合层一；
步骤二、将杀菌层3的混抄无纺布、椰壳型活性炭层、PP核孔膜精细过滤层5依次叠加在一起，采用热压的方式，将三层的四周热压密封固定，其中热压温度为210℃制得复合层二；
步骤三、将复合层一置于复合层二之上，采用针刺工艺将两个复合层复合在一起，最终制得抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料。
应用例1：所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料在抗菌型PM2.5空气净化器滤芯上的应用。将实施例1到实施例5的材料应用在空气净化器滤芯上，有上述的实验效果。
应用例2：所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料在抗菌型防雾霾口罩上的应用。
将实施例1到实施例3的材料应用在抗菌型防雾霾口罩上，有上述的实验效果。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，其特征在于：依次由迎风层、初过滤层、杀菌层、活性炭过滤层、精细过滤层组成，其中初过滤层和精细过滤层均为核孔膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，其特征在于：所述迎风层为自沾性纤维掺杂质量百分比为1-5％的金属加强纤维制成的无纺布。
3.如权利要求1所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，其特征在于：所述初过滤层为PET或PP核孔膜，膜厚度为0.02-0.05mm，孔径为10-30μm，孔密度为0.5×105cm-2-3×105cm-2。
4.如权利要求1所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述的杀菌层为天然植物纤维和自沾性纤维的混抄无纺布，并且浸渍有质量百分比为3-8％的纳米银颗粒，无纺布基重为2g/m2-15g/m2。
5.如权利要求1所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述的活性炭过滤层为椰壳型活性炭、核桃壳活性炭或桃核活性炭，活性炭粒径为20-40μm。
6.如权利要求1所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料，其特征在于，所述的精细过滤层为PET或PP核孔膜，膜厚度为0.01-0.03mm，孔径为0.5-2μm，孔密度为5×106cm-2-1×108cm-2。
7.如权利要求1所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤为：
步骤一、将迎风层、初过滤层之间采用针刺的方式结合在一起获得复合层一；
步骤二、将杀菌层、活性炭过滤层、精细过滤层依次叠加在一起，采用热压的方式，将杀菌层、活性炭过滤层、精细过滤层三层四周热压密封固定，其中热压温度为150-210℃制得复合层二；
步骤三、将复合层一置于复合层二之上，采用针刺工艺将两个复合层复合在一起，则最终制得抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料。
8.如权利要求1所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料在抗菌型PM2.5空气净化器滤芯上的应用。
9.如权利要求1所述的抗菌型PM2.5复合过滤材料在抗菌型防雾霾口罩上的应用。
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