CN106614377B - 一种杂交猪的生态养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种杂交猪的生态养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106614377B CN106614377B CN201710000382.1A CN201710000382A CN106614377B CN 106614377 B CN106614377 B CN 106614377B CN 201710000382 A CN201710000382 A CN 201710000382A CN 106614377 B CN106614377 B CN 106614377B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种猪的生态养殖方法，特别涉及一种杂交猪的生态养殖方法。利用优良的地方品种与国外品种进行杂交得到杂交后代，并对杂交仔猪进行饲养，使用了降低腹泻率的乳猪教槽料，该教槽料不添加血浆蛋白粉、鱼粉、乳清粉、玉米等高成本原料，降低了饲料成本，并首次在教槽料中添加醋糟、生物碱、黄粉虫粉、芝麻饼粕、椰子饼粕、向日葵饼粕等新型饲料，非药物控制腹泻，使其克服现有教槽料缺陷，提高仔猪的免疫力，提高仔猪采食量、生长速度，降低仔猪腹泻率，减少断奶仔猪的应激反应，避免生长停滞，适口性好，且更健康安全。同时，提供了一种确保仔猪的保温的设备与方法，且废气处理方法能使气体充分循环利用，为猪舍供暖的同时能改善猪舍内的环境。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种猪的养殖方法，特别涉及一种杂交猪的生态养殖方法。
背景技术
目前，国内外优良猪种资源日渐缺少，很少的几个经培育的猪种品系、占据着我国养猪生产的主导地位，近年来，个别地方盲目引种和无序繁殖现象严重，造成国内地方品种的优良品质锐减，南塘猪、陆川猪、梅山猪等都是我国优良的地方品种，汉普夏、杜洛克等都是非常优良的国外猪品种，如何将各种优良品种的优良特征遗传下来，提高猪品种的繁殖率、抗病能力、生长速度，改善其肉品质，增进养猪效率，让消费者能吃上放心安全优质的猪肉产品是养殖业的当务之急。
同时，随着科技发展，各种饲料添加剂蓬勃发展，绿色安全的健康猪也越来越少，养殖户为了获取更高的收益，往往选择使用药物来提高猪的成活率，特别是仔猪断奶阶段，为防止腹泻添加的药物更是不胜枚举，仔猪的生长发育快、消化系统发育不全、免疫力低下、体温调节能力差等生理特点，限制了对母乳以外的营养原料选择，故在使用或配制仔猪料时要根据猪品种及仔猪的消化道生理特点，结合仔猪营养标准、营养师配方、原料的来源及品质等，配制合理的仔猪饲料，教槽料俗称代乳料、人工料，是一种为代替全乳而配制的饲料，其主要原料是乳业副产品，其可教会出生仔猪食用植物性的饲料，出生仔猪先天性行为吃母乳，而断奶后的饲料跟母乳有差别，所以需要好的饲料来过渡，教槽料一般是指猪出生开始补饲时至断奶后10天内所使用的饲料，使用教槽料可提高仔猪断奶体重，还可以帮助乳猪克服断奶应激，而目前市场上的断奶料产品很难解决断奶仔猪存在的上述问题，猪场经营者、技术员、饲养员等都迫切需要一种更加合适的高端产品来解决断奶仔猪的营养问题。
另外，仔猪的保温工作也是养殖业中的重中之重，要想提高仔猪的成活率，猪舍的保温工作是必不可少的一部分，如何确保仔猪的温度，也是养殖业成待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种杂交猪的生态养殖方法，利用优良的地方品种与国外品种进行杂交得到杂交后代，并对杂交仔猪进行饲养，使用了降低腹泻率的乳猪教槽料，该教槽料不添加血浆蛋白粉、鱼粉、乳清粉、玉米等高成本原料，降低了饲料成本，并首次在教槽料中添加醋糟、生物碱、黄粉虫粉、芝麻饼粕、椰子饼粕、向日葵饼粕等新型饲料，非药物控制腹泻，使其克服现有教槽料缺陷，提高仔猪的免疫力，提高仔猪采食量、生长速度，降低仔猪腹泻率，减少断奶仔猪的应激反应，避免生长停滞，适口性好，且更健康安全。同时，提供了一种确保仔猪的保温的设置与方法，且废气处理方法能使气体充分循环利用，为猪舍供暖的同时能改善猪舍内的环境。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种杂交猪的生态养殖方法，包括杂交猪的繁育、仔猪的饲养等方面，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）杂交猪的繁育
a、选育没有血缘关系，具有不同优势基因遗传性状的纯正南塘猪为父本，纯正陆川猪为母本，杂交出二元杂交父本，将二元杂交父本继续进行培育至100kg以上；
b、选用纯正的汉普夏猪为母本，纯正梅山猪为父本，杂交出二元杂交母本，将该二元杂交母本继续培育至90kg以上；
c、采用二元正交法，将步骤a中二元杂交父本与步骤b中的二元杂交母本进行杂交，繁育出子一代杂交猪，继续培育至100kg以上。
d、选用步骤c中子一代杂交猪公猪与纯正南塘猪母猪交配，繁育出子二代杂交猪，选择该子二代杂交猪的优良母猪进行继续培育至90kg以上，同时，选用步骤c中子一代杂交猪母猪与纯正梅山猪公猪交配，同样繁育出子二代杂交猪，选择该子二代杂交猪的优良公猪进行继续培育至100kg以上；
e、将步骤d中的子二代杂交母猪与公猪进行交配，繁育出子三代杂交猪；
（2）仔猪的饲养
所述步骤e中的子三代杂交仔猪出生后要及时用纸巾擦去抠鼻外的粘液，使其能正常呼吸，再用毛巾擦净全身，出生后5min钟内剪断脐带，将其放入保温箱中，注意保暖，新生仔猪最适宜的温度为1-4日龄33℃，5-6日龄31℃，7-12日龄26-27℃，13-28日龄23-24℃，29日龄后保持在22℃，在8-9日龄时，给仔猪料槽中放入教槽料进行诱食，诱食次数要多，每天5-6次，每次进食不宜过多；仔猪55-75日龄时开始喂小猪饲料，每隔7-9天为仔猪圈舍清洗消毒一次，并随时观察仔猪的发育、吃奶、吃料、粪便等情况；
仔猪舍为菱镁材料复合板围成的保温猪舍，所述的保温箱包括温湿度传感器、氨气浓度传感器、通风机、供暖机、控制主板，温湿度传感器和氨气浓度传感器的信号输出端与控制主板的输入端相连接，控制主板接收到信号后控制通风机、供暖机的工作，从而保证保温箱的温湿度，保温箱底部还包括保温板，保温板下部设置有发热丝，发热丝与控制主板电连接。
仔猪断奶后将其分栏饲养，饲养栏底部为漏粪板，漏粪板下部为粪池，粪池上部设置有废气帽，废气帽顶端设置有排气管，排气管与主管道连通，主管道与燃烧室连通，燃烧室的出口连接有排气管，排气管接有热交换器，与外部空气管道进行热交换。
本发明提供了一种杂交猪的生态养殖方法，其主要的有益效果为：该发明的方法能选育优良品种的杂交猪种，能提高猪的繁殖率、抗病能力、生长速度，改善其肉品质，增进养猪效率，同时饲喂的乳猪教槽料以及保温设备的使用能提高了仔猪免疫力、控制腹泻等疾病的发生，仔猪的抗病能力明显增强，其死亡率显著降低，为仔猪以后快速生长打好了坚实的基础，且废气处理方法能使气体充分循环利用，为猪舍供暖的同时能改善猪舍内的环境。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及有点更加清楚明白，以下结合是实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1：
一种杂交猪的生态养殖方法，包括杂交猪的繁育、仔猪的饲养等方面，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）杂交猪的繁育
a、选育没有血缘关系，具有不同优势基因遗传性状的纯正南塘猪为父本，纯正陆川猪为母本，杂交出二元杂交父本，将二元杂交父本继续进行培育至100kg以上；
b、选用纯正的汉普夏猪为母本，纯正梅山猪为父本，杂交出二元杂交母本，将该二元杂交母本继续培育至90kg以上；
c、采用二元正交法，将步骤a中二元杂交父本与步骤b中的二元杂交母本进行杂交，繁育出子一代杂交猪，继续培育至100kg以上。
d、选用步骤c中子一代杂交猪公猪与纯正南塘猪母猪交配，繁育出子二代杂交猪，选择该子二代杂交猪的优良母猪进行继续培育至90kg以上，同时，选用步骤c中子一代杂交猪母猪与纯正梅山猪公猪交配，同样繁育出子二代杂交猪，选择该子二代杂交猪的优良公猪进行继续培育至100kg以上；
e、将步骤d中的子二代杂交母猪与公猪进行交配，繁育出子三代杂交猪；
（2）仔猪的饲养
所述步骤e中的子三代杂交仔猪出生后要及时用纸巾擦去抠鼻外的粘液，使其能正常呼吸，再用毛巾擦净全身，出生后5min钟内剪断脐带，将其放入保温箱中，注意保暖，新生仔猪最适宜的温度为1-4日龄33℃，5-6日龄31℃，7-12日龄26-27℃，13-28日龄23-24℃，29日龄后保持在22℃，在8-9日龄时，给仔猪料槽中放入教槽料进行诱食，诱食次数要多，每天5-6次，每次进食不宜过多；仔猪55-75日龄时开始喂小猪饲料，每隔7-9天为仔猪圈舍清洗消毒一次，并随时观察仔猪的发育、吃奶、吃料、粪便等情况；
仔猪舍为菱镁材料复合板围成的保温猪舍，所述的保温箱包括温湿度传感器、氨气浓度传感器、通风机、供暖机、控制主板，温湿度传感器和氨气浓度传感器的信号输出端与控制主板的输入端相连接，控制主板接收到信号后控制通风机、供暖机的工作，从而保证保温箱的温湿度，保温箱底部还包括保温板，保温板下部设置有发热丝，发热丝与控制主板电连接。
仔猪断奶后将其分栏饲养，饲养栏底部为漏粪板，漏粪板下部为粪池，粪池上部设置有废气帽，废气帽顶端设置有排气管，排气管与主管道连通，主管道与燃烧室连通，燃烧室的出口连接有排气管，排气管接有热交换器，与外部空气管道进行热交换。
所述乳猪教槽料，其组分按重重量份数配比为：醋糟44，生物碱30，黄粉虫粉39，向日葵饼粕16，芝麻饼粕12，膨化去皮大豆7，含47%的发酵豆粕7，大麦粉9，椰子饼粕8，脱脂米糠9，肠膜蛋白8，酵母β-葡聚糖5，脱色全血蛋白肽5，血粉8，大豆卵磷脂8，豆腐渣6，花生油6，椰子油3，饲料级小肽7，芜菁甘蓝5，萝卜秧5，土豆8，红薯叶12，青贮胡萝卜16，燕麦粉9，粟谷粉5，活性免疫抗体5，酵母核酸7，甜叶菊渣9，棕榈油4，紫苏叶粉7，微囊丁酸钠6，黄氏多糖10，赖氨酸盐6，苏氨酸4，蛋氨酸2，精氨酸1，氯化胆碱9，乙氧基喹啉1，富马酸亚铁5，缓释氧化锌2，石灰石粉8，磷酸二氢钙3，维生素A 3，维生素D3 2，维生素E 2，烟酰胺1，叶酸1。
所述教槽料的制备方法按如下步骤进行：
（1）按比例称取各成分，将上述组分中所有固体原料混合均匀，利用两个表面有齿而转速不同的磨辊将物料切碎，粉碎后的粒径小于0.7mm，备用；
（2）将组分中的液体原料与步骤1中粉碎的原料加入到混合机内，混合均匀，混合变异系数≤5%；
（3）将经步骤2后的混合料送入调质器，用88℃蒸汽进行250秒熟化并提高混合物均匀度；
（4）将步骤3中混合物送入造粒机进行制粒，制成的颗粒料尺寸为：直径2mm，长度1.2cm，硬度为1.6kg，制备好的颗粒料用逆流冷却器进行冷却，使高温颗粒快速冷却到室温以下；
（5）将步骤4得到的颗粒料称量后用袋包装，即完成其制备方法。
实施例2：
所述乳猪教槽料，其组分按重量份数配比为：醋糟38，生物碱25，黄粉虫粉35，向日葵饼粕15，芝麻饼粕10，膨化去皮大豆5，含47%的发酵豆粕4，大麦粉8，椰子饼粕6，脱脂米糠7，肠膜蛋白7，酵母β-葡聚糖4，脱色全血蛋白肽3， 血粉6，大豆卵磷脂7，豆腐渣5，花生油4，椰子油2，饲料级小肽2，芜菁甘蓝3，萝卜秧3，土豆7，红薯叶10，青贮胡萝卜15，燕麦粉6，粟谷粉4，活性免疫抗体4，酵母核酸5，甜叶菊渣3，棕榈油2，紫苏叶粉3，微囊丁酸钠5，黄氏多糖10，赖氨酸盐4，苏氨酸2，蛋氨酸1，精氨酸1，氯化胆碱8，乙氧基喹啉1，富马酸亚铁4，缓释氧化锌1，石灰石粉7，磷酸二氢钙2，维生素A 1，维生素D3 1，维生素E 2，烟酰胺1，叶酸1。
实施例3：
所述乳猪教槽料，其组分按重量份数配比为：醋糟:40，生物碱28，黄粉虫粉38，向日葵饼粕17，芝麻饼粕13，膨化去皮大豆7，含47%的发酵豆粕6，大麦粉9，椰子饼粕8，脱脂米糠8，肠膜蛋白8，酵母β-葡聚糖4，脱色全血蛋白肽3， 血粉7，大豆卵磷脂7，豆腐渣6，花生油5，椰子油2，饲料级小肽6，芜菁甘蓝4，萝卜秧4，土豆8，红薯叶13，青贮胡萝卜17，燕麦粉8，粟谷粉7，活性免疫抗体5，酵母核酸7，甜叶菊渣7，棕榈油4，紫苏叶粉6，微囊丁酸钠8，黄氏多糖11，赖氨酸盐6，苏氨酸3，蛋氨酸2，精氨酸1.5，氯化胆碱11，乙氧基喹啉1.5，富马酸亚铁6，缓释氧化锌2，石灰石粉8，磷酸二氢钙3，维生素A 3，维生素D3 2，维生素E 2.5，烟酰胺1.5，叶酸1.5。
试验检测数据
选择初生健康仔猪16窝，依窝别、体重分为4组，每组4窝，每组36头，实验阶段为使用教槽料至断奶后（27日龄断奶），饲养方式为自由采食和饮水，围栏圈养，3组为实验组，饲喂根据本发明实施例1-3配制的乳猪教槽料，另一组为对照组，饲喂市售的含有乳清粉、血浆蛋白粉等常规的乳猪教槽料，试验期为30天，实验结束时得到的数据采用APSS19.0统计软件进行统计分析，结果如下表所示：
日采食量（ADFI）：准确记录各栏试验猪的喂料量与余料量，计算每头猪每周的平均日采食量及全期日采食量；
日增重（ADG）：试验猪每周开始及结束早上空腹称重，计算每头猪每周的平均日增重及全期平均日增重；
料重比（F/G）：根据采食量和增重计算，料重比=消耗饲料总量（KG）/增重总量（KG）。
以上试验数据表明，试验组饲喂本发明的乳猪教槽料能够有效提高乳猪生产性能，降低料重比，并降低了腹泻率，最为关键的是，比常规的教槽料成本低，远远降低了饲料成本，同时，本发明采用非常规的低成本的醋糟和能中和有机酸的新型饲料原料生物碱弱化醋糟的酸性，从而能增加乳猪食欲、缓解因乳猪胃酸分泌不足而引起的消化不良、食欲不振、腹泻等问题的醋糟，再利用健康，生物碱可以是从茄子、萝卜、辣椒等植物中提取出的生物碱，能改善其口感和质量的同时还保证了教槽料的安全性，另外，本发明还选用了高蛋白黄粉虫粉，可以作为高蛋白质原料补充仔猪所需的蛋白质等等，本发明在制备乳猪教槽料方面可谓是开创了很多的先河，并且能取得很好的饲喂效果。
该发明的方法能选育优良品种的杂交猪种，能提高猪的繁殖率、抗病能力、生长速度，改善其肉品质，增进养猪效率，同时饲喂的乳猪教槽料以及保温设备的使用能提高了仔猪免疫力、控制腹泻等疾病的发生，仔猪的抗病能力明显增强，其死亡率显著降低，为仔猪以后快速生长打好了坚实的基础，且废气处理方法能使气体充分循环利用，为猪舍供暖的同时能改善猪舍内的环境。
上述实施例仅为本发明若干实施方式中的一种，并非对本发明构思的限定，在不脱离本发明涉及思想的前提下，本领域中的工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变型和改进，均应落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种杂交猪的生态养殖方法，包括杂交猪的繁育、仔猪的饲养两方面，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）杂交猪的繁育
a、选育没有血缘关系，具有不同优势基因遗传性状的纯正南塘猪为父本，纯正陆川猪为母本，杂交出二元杂交父本，将二元杂交父本继续进行培育至100kg以上；
b、选用纯正的汉普夏猪为母本，纯正梅山猪为父本，杂交出二元杂交母本，将该二元杂交母本继续培育至90kg以上；
c、采用二元正交法，将步骤a中二元杂交父本与步骤b中的二元杂交母本进行杂交，繁育出子一代杂交猪，继续培育至100kg以上；
d、选用步骤c中子一代杂交猪公猪与纯正南塘猪母猪交配，繁育出子二代杂交猪，选择该子二代杂交猪的优良母猪进行继续培育至90kg以上，同时，选用步骤c中子一代杂交猪母猪与纯正梅山猪公猪交配，同样繁育出子二代杂交猪，选择该子二代杂交猪的优良公猪进行继续培育至100kg以上；
e、将步骤d中的子二代杂交母猪与公猪进行交配，繁育出子三代杂交猪；
（2）仔猪的饲养
所述步骤e中的子三代杂交仔猪出生后要及时用纸巾擦去抠鼻外的粘液，使其能正常呼吸，再用毛巾擦净全身，出生后5min钟内剪断脐带，将其放入保温箱中，注意保暖，新生仔猪最适宜的温度为1-4日龄33℃，5-6日龄31℃，7-12日龄26-27℃，13-28日龄23-24℃，29日龄后保持在22℃，在8-9日龄时，给仔猪料槽中放入教槽料进行诱食，诱食次数要多，每天5-6次，每次进食不宜过多；仔猪55-75日龄时开始喂小猪饲料，每隔7-9天为仔猪圈舍清洗消毒一次，并随时观察仔猪的发育、吃奶、吃料、粪便的情况；仔猪舍为菱镁材料复合板围成的保温猪舍，所述的保温箱包括温湿度传感器、氨气浓度传感器、通风机、供暖机、控制主板，温湿度传感器和氨气浓度传感器的信号输出端与控制主板的输入端相连接，控制主板接收到信号后控制通风机、供暖机的工作，从而保证保温箱的温湿度，保温箱底部还包括保温板，保温板下部设置有发热丝，发热丝与控制主板电连接；仔猪断奶后将其分栏饲养，饲养栏底部为漏粪板，漏粪板下部为粪池，粪池上部设置有废气帽，废气帽顶端设置有排气管，排气管与主管道连通，主管道与燃烧室连通，燃烧室的出口连接有排气管，排气管接有热交换器，与外部空气管道进行热交换。
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