CN106614165A - Retaining agent capable of improving adaptability of juvenile ostrea rivularis on seawater with large salinity difference - Google Patents
Retaining agent capable of improving adaptability of juvenile ostrea rivularis on seawater with large salinity difference Download PDFInfo
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- CN106614165A CN106614165A CN201611245138.3A CN201611245138A CN106614165A CN 106614165 A CN106614165 A CN 106614165A CN 201611245138 A CN201611245138 A CN 201611245138A CN 106614165 A CN106614165 A CN 106614165A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
- B02C19/186—Use of cold or heat for disintegrating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a retaining agent capable of improving the adaptability of juvenile ostrea rivularis on seawater with large salinity difference. The retaining agent is prepared according to preparation method which comprises the following steps of (1) washing completely: washing waste shrimp and crab shells with clean water completely and removing silt and impurities from the surfaces of the shrimp and crab shells; (2) drying: drying and crushing the shrimp and crab shells obtained in the step (1) to obtain shrimp and crab shell crude powder; (3) crushing at low temperature: performing low-temperature freezing and low-temperature sublimation and drying on the shrimp and crab shell crude powder obtained in the step (2), and crushing at low temperature by an ultralow-temperature crushing machine at -80 to -120 DEG C by taking liquid nitrogen as a grinding medium; and (4) performing high-pressure homogenization: adding pure water into the materials obtained in the step (3), mixing uniformly, adding the mixture into a high-pressure homogenizer to perform treatment and centrifugation, adding pure water into the obtained residue, performing high-pressure homogenization, centrifuging, combining with supernate and drying to obtain the retaining agent. The juvenile oysters treated by the method enhance the activity and the adaptability and can adapt to the seawater with large salinity difference, and convenience is improved for a cultivation base and a juvenile oyster base.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, more particularly to a kind of raising Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling is big to salinity difference
The retention agent that seawater is adapted to.
Background technology
Crassostrea rivularis, also known as big oyster, raw oyster, are one of big famous and precious marine products of Guangxi Qinzhou four, and meat can be eaten raw, also can be processed into
Dried oyster, oyster sauce.Big oyster oyster meat is the aquatic products with very high nutrition and health care of high protein, low fat, delicious flavour, oyster
Meat protein content is nutritious more than 40%, delicious flavour, have the title of " marine milk ", while can also be used as medicine.Big oyster meat
Rich in taurine, human brain development can be promoted.Crassostrea rivularis is nutritious, and it is propagated artificially and is concentrated mainly on Guangdong, Guangxi and good fortune
Build a band.It is precious that Crassostrea rivularis is whole body, and except eating something rare, it may also be used for be processed into oyster sauce, dried oyster, shell can also be fired
Lime or the calcium source as feed.In recent years charcoal burns raw oyster and is seen everywhere in streets and lanes, and sashimi oyster is also constantly sold well dining table, depth
Liked by consumers in general, this undoubtedly also upsurge of the raw oyster of boosting cultivation.In Guangdong, Yangjiang, Zhanjiang, the Taishan, Shanwei and
The ground such as Zhuhai are all the main producing regions of raw oyster.Raw oyster cultured area constantly expanding, yield constantly rising, but, finished product oyster is still
So every year supply falls short of demand.
Oyster belongs to natural marine product, and mainly by the algae job in filter food seawater, cultivation risk is relatively low, production is easy to pipe
Reason, technology are easy to grasp.In recent years, raw oyster cultivation is developed from beach toward shallow sea, is supported toward hanging culture mode development, finished product oyster mu from inserting
Yield constantly rises, and becomes the pillar industry of China's Coastal Areas, has effectively driven coastal fisherman's increased income to get rich.Always
Since, the seed that raw oyster is propagated artificially picks up from natural marine site.Guangdong and ALONG GUANGXI COAST have abundant natural Crassostrea rivularis money
Source, annual 5 to August part is the egg-laying season of Crassostrea rivularis.For a long time Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces area defines Yangjiang, Zhuhai, Zhanjiang, platform
The oyster kind of the natural base of collecting seedling of several big Crassostrea rivularis such as mountain, Shenzhen, Qiezhou, Guangdong and ALONG GUANGXI COAST cultivation is all by these fields of collecting seedling
Supply.In the recent period, reflect according to many insiders, oyster seedling industry allows of no optimist, many places are all difficult to adopt seedling.In investigation
It was found that, several big natural oyster seedling collection fields such as Yangjiang, Zhanjiang, the Shenzhen in Guangdong are just on the verge of to disappear, at present the oyster seedling of cultivation portion big absolutely
Point picking up from Zhuhai and the Taishan, the Qiezhou in Guangxi can still supply at present oyster seedling, but fry quality also occurs in that unstable situation.
Big oyster cultivation base is distributed in the ground such as Guangxi Qinzhou, the North Sea, Port of Fangcheng, Zhuhai, the Taishan, Yangjiang, the Huizhou in Guangdong,
The each cultivation base salinity of contemporaneity has difference, and seawater salinity is between 6.5-32 ‰, and seawater salinity difference is too big, for
The growth of oyster seedling is unfavorable, so, now, purchase oyster seedling when, can by the seawater salinity of cultivation base with oyster seedling base seawater salt
Degree is compared, and selects the oyster seedling in the oyster seedling base that salinity is closer to.Such operation, the seawater salinity of two places is not necessarily
Can match, it is all pretty troublesome for cultivation base and oyster seedling base.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of improve the retention agent that the Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling seawater big to salinity difference is adapted to, processed
Oyster seedling, vigor strengthens, and survival rate is high, the big seawater of salinity difference is adapted to, for cultivation base and oyster seedling base all increase
Convenience is added.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
It is a kind of to improve the retention agent that the Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling seawater big to salinity difference is adapted to, obtained using following preparation method
Arrive：
1. washing：Discarded shrimp and crab shells are cleaned with clear water, the silt and impurity on shrimp and crab shells surface is removed；
2. it is dried：The shrimp and crab shells that 1. step is obtained are dried, crush to obtain shrimp and crab shells meal；
3. low-temperature grinding：The shrimp and crab shells meal that 2. step is obtained, after cryogenic freezing and low-temperature distillation drying are carried out successively
With liquid nitrogen as abrasive media, low-temperature grinding is carried out with super-low temperature pulverizator at -80--120 DEG C；
4. it is high-pressure homogeneous：The material that 3. step is obtained adds pure water to be well mixed, and is subsequently adding at high pressure homogenizer
Reason, centrifugation, the slag for obtaining adds pure water high-pressure homogeneous again, and centrifugation merges supernatant, is dried to obtain retention agent.
Oyster seedling of the present invention, is attached with string of restricting, and often string rope attachment 2-3 rolls into a ball oyster seedling, and there are 8-12 oyster seedling, oyster in each group
The long 10-12cm of seedling shell.
The 2. described crushing of step of the present invention, is preferably crushed to granularity in 80-100 mesh with ball mill；
The 3. described cryogenic freezing of step, preferable temperature 0--18 DEG C, more preferably -10--18 DEG C；
The 4. described addition pure water of step, is preferably added to the pure water of 5-6 times of weight；Described is high-pressure homogeneous,
10000-18000psi、10-20min；Described centrifugation, 8000-10000r/min, 5-10min.
Retention agent of the present invention, when in use, oyster seedling is put in transhipment pond, with seawater immersion, adds sea
The retention agent of the 0.1-0.5% of water weight, soaks 6-8 hours, and oyster seedling is pulled out, vanning transport.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention：
1st, freeze grinding technology, because the price of refrigerant is higher, is restricted, the now in actual industrial production
Succeeded using useless cold liquid nitrogen of producing during natural gas gasifying, liquid nitrogen prices, freeze grinding technology is just developed, but
The technology application aquaculture has not been reported.Ultralow temperature crushing technology is present invention employs, shrimp and crab shells are carried out successively low temperature
With liquid nitrogen as abrasive media after freezing, low-temperature distillation drying, low temperature powder is carried out with super-low temperature pulverizator at -80-120 DEG C
It is broken, using low temperature brittleness characteristic, the material for being difficult to crush in thermal sensitivity or normal temperature can be crushed, prevent rotten when crushing.
2nd, the present invention processes the shrimp and crab shells raw material for obtaining using high pressure homogenization method, not using adventitious solvent, by high pressure
Material can be directly crushed to the powerful shearing force and impulsive force that homogeneous method is produced cellular level, inorganic by what is contained in shrimp and crab shells
Matter and organic matter are crushed, the molecule such as the solvable or insoluble trace element of formation and amino acid, and being added to cultivation has oyster seedling
Seawater in, beneficial to the absorption of oyster seedling, enhance the nutrition of oyster seedling, enhance the adaptability of the environment of oyster seedling.
3rd, the transport of oyster seedling does fortune, from base to cultivation base of collecting seedling, haulage time meeting typically in the 5-8 months using from water
Lasted for a few hours to for ten a few houres, temperature is too high to cause oyster seedling stem dead according to shining to avoid because of the sun, select cloudy cloudy weather or
Night is transported, because weather, greatly restriction is generated to transport.Using the method for the present invention, the oyster seedling for processing is living
Power strengthens, and survival rate is high, resists the ability of high temperature and also strengthens, even if in hot weather, it is also possible to transport, greatly strengthen transport
Flexibility.
4th, by the method for the present invention, the oyster seedling for processing, vigor strengthens, and adaptability also strengthens, and is adapted to salinity
The big seawater of difference, for cultivation base and oyster seedling base both increase convenience.
Specific embodiment
Below with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the invention is not limited in these embodiments.
Embodiment 1：
It is a kind of to improve the retention agent that the Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling seawater big to salinity difference is adapted to, obtained using following preparation method
Arrive：
1. washing：Discarded shrimp and crab shells are cleaned with clear water, the silt and impurity on shrimp and crab shells surface is removed；
2. it is dried：The shrimp and crab shells that 1. step is obtained are dried, crush to obtain 80 mesh shrimp and crab shells meal with ball mill；
3. low-temperature grinding：The shrimp and crab shells meal that 2. step is obtained, carries out successively 0 DEG C of cryogenic freezing and low-temperature distillation is dried
Afterwards with liquid nitrogen as abrasive media, low-temperature grinding is carried out with super-low temperature pulverizator at -80 DEG C；
4. it is high-pressure homogeneous：The material that 3. step is obtained adds the pure water of 5 times of weight to be well mixed, and is subsequently adding high pressure
Homogenizer process, 10000psi, 20min, centrifugation, 8000r/min, 10min, the slag for obtaining adds the pure water of 5 times of weight again
High-pressure homogeneous, 10000psi, 20min, centrifugation, 8000r/min, 10min merge supernatant, are dried to obtain retention agent.
Embodiment 2：
It is a kind of to improve the retention agent that the Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling seawater big to salinity difference is adapted to, obtained using following preparation method
Arrive：
1. washing：Discarded shrimp and crab shells are cleaned with clear water, the silt and impurity on shrimp and crab shells surface is removed；
2. it is dried：The shrimp and crab shells that 1. step is obtained are dried, crush to obtain 100 mesh shrimp and crab shells meal with ball mill；
3. low-temperature grinding：The shrimp and crab shells meal that 2. step is obtained, carries out successively -10 DEG C of cryogenic freezings and low-temperature distillation is dry
With liquid nitrogen as abrasive media after dry, low-temperature grinding is carried out with super-low temperature pulverizator at -100 DEG C；
4. it is high-pressure homogeneous：The material that 3. step is obtained adds the pure water of 6 times of weight to be well mixed, and is subsequently adding high pressure
Homogenizer process, 15000psi, 15min, centrifugation, 10000r/min, 5min, the slag for obtaining adds the pure water of 6 times of weight again
High-pressure homogeneous, 15000psi, 15min, centrifugation, 10000r/min, 5min merge supernatant, are dried to obtain retention agent.
Embodiment 3：
It is a kind of to improve the retention agent that the Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling seawater big to salinity difference is adapted to, obtained using following preparation method
Arrive：
1. washing：Discarded shrimp and crab shells are cleaned with clear water, the silt and impurity on shrimp and crab shells surface is removed；
2. it is dried：The shrimp and crab shells that 1. step is obtained are dried, crush to obtain 100 mesh shrimp and crab shells meal with ball mill；
3. low-temperature grinding：The shrimp and crab shells meal that 2. step is obtained, carries out successively -18 DEG C of cryogenic freezings and low-temperature distillation is dry
With liquid nitrogen as abrasive media after dry, low-temperature grinding is carried out with super-low temperature pulverizator at -120 DEG C；
4. it is high-pressure homogeneous：The material that 3. step is obtained adds the pure water of 5 times of weight to be well mixed, and is subsequently adding high pressure
Homogenizer process, 18000psi, 10min, centrifugation, 10000r/min, 5min, the slag for obtaining adds the pure water of 5 times of weight again
High-pressure homogeneous, 18000psi, 10min, centrifugation, 10000r/min, 5min merge supernatant, are dried to obtain retention agent.
Comparative example 1：
The seawater in oyster seedling base.
Comparative example 2：
Retention agent, is obtained using following preparation method：
1. washing：Discarded shrimp and crab shells are cleaned with clear water, the silt and impurity on shrimp and crab shells surface is removed；
2. it is dried：The shrimp and crab shells that 1. step is obtained are dried, crush to obtain 100 mesh shrimp and crab shells meal with ball mill；
3. low-temperature grinding：The shrimp and crab shells meal that 2. step is obtained, carries out successively -18 DEG C of cryogenic freezings and low-temperature distillation is dry
With liquid nitrogen as abrasive media after dry, low-temperature grinding is carried out with super-low temperature pulverizator at -120 DEG C；
4. heating extraction：The material that 3. step is obtained adds the pure water of 5 times of weight to be well mixed, and heating extraction, carries
Liquid centrifugation is taken, 10000r/min, 5min, the slag for obtaining adds the pure water of 5 times of weight heating extraction, extract centrifugation,
10000r/min, 5min, merge supernatant, are dried to obtain retention agent.
Comparative example 3：
Retention agent, is obtained using following preparation method：
1. washing：Discarded shrimp and crab shells are cleaned with clear water, the silt and impurity on shrimp and crab shells surface is removed；
2. it is dried：The shrimp and crab shells that 1. step is obtained are dried, crush to obtain 100 mesh shrimp and crab shells meal with ball mill；
3. low-temperature grinding：The shrimp and crab shells meal that 2. step is obtained, carries out successively -18 DEG C of cryogenic freezings and low-temperature distillation is dry
With liquid nitrogen as abrasive media after dry, low-temperature grinding is carried out with super-low temperature pulverizator at -120 DEG C, be maintained agent.
Comparative example 4：
Retention agent, is obtained using following preparation method：
1. washing：Discarded shrimp and crab shells are cleaned with clear water, the silt and impurity on shrimp and crab shells surface is removed；
2. it is dried：The shrimp and crab shells that 1. step is obtained are dried, crush to obtain 100 mesh shrimp and crab shells meal with ball mill；
3. it is high-pressure homogeneous：The material that 2. step is obtained adds the pure water of 5 times of weight to be well mixed, and is subsequently adding high pressure
Homogenizer process, 18000psi, 10min, centrifugation, 10000r/min, 5min, the slag for obtaining adds the pure water of 5 times of weight again
High-pressure homogeneous, 18000psi, 10min, centrifugation, 10000r/min, 5min merge supernatant, are dried to obtain retention agent.
Experimental example 1：
Select aufwuch on oyster seedling shell few, often string rope attachment 2-3 groups oyster seedling, there are 8-12 oyster seedling, oyster seedling shell in each group
Long 10-12cm；Oyster seedling is put in transhipment pond, with seawater immersion, according to the 0.3% of seawater weight retention agent is added；Soak 8 little
Shi Hou, oyster seedling is pulled out, vanning transport.
In July, 2016, from the river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi marine site of Qiezhou gantry 72 oyster seedling that nearby (salinity 25 ‰) is obtained, in being transported to Guangdong
Mountain city Nan Lang Zhenghai domain is nearby (salinity 14 ‰).
Each way chooses at random 5 string ropes, there are about oyster seedling 90-160, counts the dead number after oyster seedling to cultivation base.
(dead number/sum)
Conclusion：The sample result of embodiment 3 is better than comparative example.
Experimental example 2：
In August, 2016, from the river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi marine site of Qiezhou gantry 72 oyster seedling that nearby (salinity 25 ‰) is obtained, is transported to Guang Donghui
State marine site is nearby (salinity 11 ‰).
Each way chooses at random 5 string ropes, there are about oyster seedling 90-160, counts the dead number after oyster seedling to cultivation base.
(dead number/sum)
Conclusion：The sample result of embodiment 3 is better than comparative example.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of to improve the retention agent that the Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling seawater big to salinity difference is adapted to, it is characterised in that using as follows
Preparation method is obtained：
1. washing：Discarded shrimp and crab shells are cleaned with clear water, the silt and impurity on shrimp and crab shells surface is removed；
2. it is dried：The shrimp and crab shells that 1. step is obtained are dried, crush to obtain shrimp and crab shells meal；
3. low-temperature grinding：The shrimp and crab shells meal that 2. step is obtained, is carried out successively after cryogenic freezing and low-temperature distillation drying with liquid
Nitrogen is abrasive media, and low-temperature grinding is carried out with super-low temperature pulverizator at -80--120 DEG C；
4. it is high-pressure homogeneous：The material that 3. step is obtained adds pure water to be well mixed, and is subsequently adding high pressure homogenizer process, from
The heart, the slag for obtaining adds pure water high-pressure homogeneous again, and centrifugation merges supernatant, is dried to obtain retention agent.
2. the retention agent that a kind of raising Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling according to claim 1 seawater big to salinity difference is adapted to,
It is characterized in that：Described oyster seedling, is attached with string of restricting, and often string rope attachment 2-3 rolls into a ball oyster seedling, and there are 8-12 oyster seedling, oyster seedling in each group
The long 10-12cm of shell.
3. the retention agent that a kind of raising Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling according to claim 1 seawater big to salinity difference is adapted to,
It is characterized in that：The 2. described crushing of step, is to be crushed to granularity in 80-100 mesh with ball mill.
4. the retention agent that a kind of raising Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling according to claim 1 seawater big to salinity difference is adapted to,
It is characterized in that：The 3. described cryogenic freezing of step, temperature is 0--18 DEG C.
5. the retention agent that a kind of raising Crassostrea rivularis oyster seedling according to claim 1 seawater big to salinity difference is adapted to,
It is characterized in that：The 4. described addition pure water of step, is the pure water for adding 5-6 times of weight；Described is high-pressure homogeneous,
10000-18000psi、10-20min；Described centrifugation, 8000-10000r/min, 5-10min.
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Cited By (1)
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