CN106612695A - Method for repairing mining area vegetation and soil by using Ficus tikoua bur - Google Patents
Method for repairing mining area vegetation and soil by using Ficus tikoua bur Download PDFInfo
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- CN106612695A CN106612695A CN201610854593.7A CN201610854593A CN106612695A CN 106612695 A CN106612695 A CN 106612695A CN 201610854593 A CN201610854593 A CN 201610854593A CN 106612695 A CN106612695 A CN 106612695A
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- cuttage
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- country melon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repairing mining area vegetation and soil by using Ficus tikoua bur and belongs to the field of vegetation repair. The method comprises the following steps that the Ficus tikoua bur is subjected to greenhouse seedling growing in a cutting manner; Ficus tikoua bur seedlings which survive after seedling growing are planted to the mining area, and early stage growth management of the Ficus tikoua bur is done; or cutting or stem burying of the Ficus tikoua bur is directly performed in the mining area, and the purpose of growing the Ficus tikoua bur in the mining area can be realized as well; after the mining area is covered with the Ficus tikoua bur, Lolium perenne seeds and/or ciliate desert-grass spores are sown. According to the method for repairing the mining area vegetation and soil by using the Ficus tikoua bur, the repair effect to the vegetation and heavy metal contaminated soil is excellent, and great social benefits and economic benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the side of vegetation repair field, more particularly to a kind of utilization wild country melon reparation mining area vegetation and soil
Method.
Background technology
Wild country melon, is called pachyrhizus bubble, and complete stool has milk, up to more than 10 rice, crawl ground and give birth to, contact to earth it is easily raw must shape adventitious root,
Huge centipede is similar to, therefore also known as crawl ground centipede.Wild country melon has cold-resistant, drought-enduring, resistance to shade, impoverishment tolerant, the water-fast characteristic such as wet, even if
Plant in the sandstone or slabstone gap that not even a blade of grass grows, also can be flourishing, it is full of green；Either the summer of broiling sun is still
In the winter in the world of ice and snow, still it is grown on the hummock of burning sun exposure or long under ancient forest, leaf color always bule,
Life is flourishing, on depression or the mountain ridge of arid, also can make the best of things, evergreen when four.Wild country melon is suitable for park or is subject to trip
The place greening that people tramples on, can bear numerous visitors and trample on.Wild country melon is because this tough and tensile and in great numbers vines are always handed in length and breadth
Grow wrongly, thus naturally " can knit " into one " huge fishing net ", surface can be loosened the soil, sandy soil firmly " are caught ",
Along with there is dense leaf " front cover " all the year round, exactly like and added a cover a permanent green carpet, the spy of the solid soil of this sand prevention
Distinguished service effect be other cover plants be unable to and, can be rated as the superfine product of the solid soil of sand prevention, and also with certain heavy metal pollution
The repair of soil.
Often environment is more severe in mining area, and particularly Tailings Dam typically all has higher heavy metal concentration, and this is for ore deposit
The reparation of area's vegetation repair and heavy metal polluted soil in mine field has certain difficulty with protection.At present also without a kind of efficient
And preferable restorative procedure.The habit for utilizing wild country melon of the invention and the reparation characteristic for carrying, it is proposed that one kind is using wild
The method that pachyrhizus repairs mining area vegetation and soil.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problem of the prior art, embodiments provide it is a kind of using wild country melon repair mining area vegetation with
The method of soil.The technical scheme is as follows：
The method that a kind of utilization wild country melon repairs mining area vegetation and soil, comprises the following steps：
S100 is nursed young plants in hothouses by the way of cuttage to wild country melon；
The wild country melon seedling that S200 survives nursery is planted to mining area, carries out the management that wild country melon seedling grows early stage；
S300 is either direct to carry out the cuttage of wild country melon or buries stem in mining area, is equally reached and plants wild country in mining area
The purpose of melon；
S400 sows ryegrass seed and/or ciliate desert-grass spore after mining area is covered by wild country melon.
Alternatively, step S100 is concretely comprised the following steps：
Cuttage is carried out from tendril of the annual and length in 5cm or so, to prevent white slurry from flowing out, cuttings will be dipped in after cutting
Plant ash；
Poured with root-growing agent after soaking half an hour or cuttage with root-growing agent before cuttage；
Cuttage is not directly carried out during cuttage, cuttage is aided in using the instrument such as waddy or little crooked chisel, it is to avoid during cuttage
Destruction to cuttage tendril, also needs to prune the blade of aerial part during cuttage, typically retains 1-2 blade, and ensures there is 1-2
Individual site of taking root is under soil；
Pour permeable after cuttage, and cover sunshade net；
For promote cuttage seeding growth, after cuttage 2-3 is all, the wild country melon seedling to surviving carry out it is certain topdress, typically
2-3 is all after cuttage, and tendril survives for cuttage, you can standby.
Alternatively, in husky, vermiculite or perlite, temperature is kept for 25～30 DEG C for the tendril cuttage.
Alternatively, step S200 is concretely comprised the following steps：
The wild country melon seedling that nursery is survived is planted to behind mining area, in two weeks interior water managements of focusing on to ensure ground moistening,
Promote surviving and growth after the plantation of wild country melon, growth early stage is periodically patrolled, and according to circumstances moisturizing supplementary fertilizer.
Alternatively, in step S300, the cuttage for carrying out wild country melon in mining area is concretely comprised the following steps：
Cuttage is carried out under the Cutting conditions of mining area periphery relative adaptation, or one is voluntarily built in mining area to fit relatively
The cutting plot answered；
Cuttage is not directly carried out during cuttage, cuttage is aided in using the instrument such as waddy or little crooked chisel, it is to avoid during cuttage
Destruction to cuttage tendril, also needs to prune the blade of aerial part during cuttage, typically retains 1-2 blade, and ensures there is 2-3
Individual site of taking root is under soil；
Water is poured after cuttage, and carries out sun-shading；
After cuttage 2-3 is all, the wild country melon seedling to surviving carries out certain topdressing.
Alternatively, the cutting plot that a relative adaptation is voluntarily built in mining area is concretely comprised the following steps：
A wide and deep cuttage no less than 10cm is dug in mining area to cheat, and the cuttage of suitable cuttage is filled in cuttage hole
Matrix, and cuttage hole is simply processed, it is to avoid the too fast loss of soil in cuttage hole.
Alternatively, in step S300, the stem that buries for carrying out wild country melon in mining area is concretely comprised the following steps：
Wild country melon stem is cut into the segment of 5-10cm；
The breeding area for adapting to is selected, length and width, the deep breeding pitting for being respectively 10cm or so is then dug；
The soil dug out from breeding pitting is broken into pieces, the soil of backfill 2/3 is to breeding pitting；
Wild country melon stem is placed in the breeding pitting of 2/3 soil of backfill, the good remaining soil of backfill, and pours water；
Branch or grass are covered on the breeding pitting for having buried wild country melon stem, certain sun-shading is done.
Alternatively, step S400 is concretely comprised the following steps：
First pass through wild country melon to repair mining area, after mining area is covered by wild country melon, using rye grass and/or ciliate desert-grass
Repaired Deng the enriching plant for adapting to mining area growth；
Ryegrass seed and/or ciliate desert-grass spore are sufficiently mixed with fine earth, then will contain ryegrass seed and/or centipede
The fine earth of careless spore is sprinkling upon the region for being covered by wild country melon, and waters.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is：
Mining area vegetation is repaired with heavy-metal contaminated soil using wild country melon, while using plantation rye grass etc.
Plant carries out further combine d bioremediation to vegetation and soil, good to vegetation repair and heavy-metal contaminated soil repairing effect
It is good, with huge Social benefit and economic benefit.
Description of the drawings
Technical scheme in order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention, below will be to making needed for embodiment description
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, additionally it is possible to obtain other according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram that a kind of utilization wild country melon provided in an embodiment of the present invention repairs mining area vegetation and soil.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
The method that a kind of utilization wild country melon repairs mining area vegetation and soil, referring to Fig. 1, comprises the following steps：
S100 is nursed young plants in hothouses by the way of cuttage to wild country melon.
The wild country melon seedling that S200 survives nursery is planted to mining area, carries out the management that wild country melon seedling grows early stage.
S300 is either direct to carry out the cuttage of wild country melon or buries stem in mining area, is equally reached and plants wild country in mining area
The purpose of melon.
S400 sows ryegrass seed and/or ciliate desert-grass spore after mining area is covered by wild country melon.
In the present embodiment, step S100 is concretely comprised the following steps：
Cuttage is carried out from tendril of the annual and length in 5cm or so, to prevent white slurry from flowing out, cuttings will be dipped in after cutting
Plant ash.
Poured with root-growing agent after soaking half an hour or cuttage with root-growing agent before cuttage.
Cuttage is not directly carried out during cuttage, cuttage is aided in using the instrument such as waddy or little crooked chisel, it is to avoid during cuttage
Destruction to cuttage tendril, also needs to prune the blade of aerial part during cuttage, typically retains 1-2 blade, and ensures there is 1-2
Individual site of taking root is under soil.
Pour permeable after cuttage, and cover sunshade net.
For promote cuttage seeding growth, after cuttage 2-3 is all, the wild country melon seedling to surviving carry out it is certain topdress, typically
2-3 is all after cuttage, and tendril survives for cuttage, you can standby.
Specifically, wild country melon is grown up and fertility is stronger, and cuttage is easily survived, in view of the characteristic environment in mining area, is guarantor
The survival rate of card wild country melon plantation carries out nursery to wild country melon in advance.The mode of nursery enter by the way of stem using cuttage or is buried
OK, nurse young plants in hothouses little by seasonal effect, but spring is optimum cuttage season.
In the present embodiment, in husky, vermiculite or perlite, temperature is kept for 25～30 DEG C for the tendril cuttage.
In the present embodiment, step S200 is concretely comprised the following steps：
The wild country melon seedling that nursery is survived is planted to behind mining area, in two weeks interior water managements of focusing on to ensure ground moistening,
Promote surviving and growth after the plantation of wild country melon, growth early stage is periodically patrolled, and according to circumstances moisturizing supplementary fertilizer.
In the present embodiment, in step S300, the cuttage for carrying out wild country melon in mining area is concretely comprised the following steps：
Cuttage is carried out under the Cutting conditions of mining area periphery relative adaptation, or one is voluntarily built in mining area to fit relatively
The cutting plot answered.
Cuttage is not directly carried out during cuttage, cuttage is aided in using the instrument such as waddy or little crooked chisel, it is to avoid during cuttage
Destruction to cuttage tendril, also needs to prune the blade of aerial part during cuttage, typically retains 1-2 blade, and ensures there is 2-3
Individual site of taking root is under soil.
Water is poured after cuttage, and carries out sun-shading.
After cuttage 2-3 is all, the wild country melon seedling to surviving carries out certain topdressing.
In the present embodiment, the cutting plot that a relative adaptation is voluntarily built in mining area is concretely comprised the following steps：
A wide and deep cuttage no less than 10cm is dug in mining area to cheat, and the cuttage of suitable cuttage is filled in cuttage hole
Matrix, and cuttage hole is simply processed, it is to avoid the too fast loss of soil in cuttage hole.
In the present embodiment, in step S300, the stem that buries for carrying out wild country melon in mining area is concretely comprised the following steps：
Wild country melon stem is cut into the segment of 5-10cm.
The breeding area for adapting to is selected, length and width, the deep breeding pitting for being respectively 10cm or so is then dug.
The soil dug out from breeding pitting is broken into pieces, the soil of backfill 2/3 is to breeding pitting.
Wild country melon stem is placed in the breeding pitting of 2/3 soil of backfill, the good remaining soil of backfill, and pours water.
Branch or grass are covered on the breeding pitting for having buried wild country melon stem, certain sun-shading is done.
In the present embodiment, step S400 is concretely comprised the following steps：
First pass through wild country melon to repair mining area, after mining area is covered by wild country melon, using rye grass and/or ciliate desert-grass
Repaired Deng the enriching plant for adapting to mining area growth.
Ryegrass seed and/or ciliate desert-grass spore are sufficiently mixed with fine earth, then will contain ryegrass seed and/or centipede
The fine earth of careless spore is sprinkling upon the region for being covered by wild country melon, and waters.
It is general after mining area " bare area " is covered by wild country melon, under " protection " of pachyrhizus out of office, and under field conditions (factors) can be compared with
Other plants are generated soon.But preferable vegetation and soil remediation effect are generally reached, deliberately ryegrass seed can be sowed
And/or ciliate desert-grass spore.
Generally speaking, the region first relatively easily planted in mining area, or voluntarily build the growing area plantation of a small area
Wild country melon, after waiting wild country melon to survive, using the crisscross tough and tensile and in great numbers vines of wild country melon to being unfavorable for plant growth
Spread in region.Can the area sowing rye grass that covers of wild country melon and (or) ciliate desert-grass etc. other be easy to be grown in mining area
Enriching plant.Can faster be repaired " bare area " in mining area by the method, and there is certain repairing to contaminated soil in mining areas
Multiple effect.
Wild country melon first carries out unifying nursery in warm canopy, also in mining area cuttage or can bury stem and is bred, typically
The survival rate for burying stem is higher than cuttage.
In order to verify the repairing effect of wild country melon, inventor has carried out following simulation mining area vegetation reparative experiment.
First with river course sandstone not of uniform size, build a thickness and be not less than 50m not less than 1m, area2Simulation
Mining area, for the selection of mining area pioneer vegetation.The simulation mining area is an open environment, is conducive to broadcasting naturally for various plants
Kind, artificial sowing wild country melon and English ryegrass in simulation mining area, wherein, wild country melon planted by the way of stem using being buried
Plant, English ryegrass is planted by the way of sowing.After simulation mining area sowing wild country melon and English ryegrass, no
Again human intervention is carried out to simulating mining area, the vegetation after 5 years to simulating mining area is investigated, and to the heavy metal in main plant
Content is measured.
5 years afterwards, and inventor commission third party (mark detection Qingdao inspection center of section) is to the weight in plant in simulation mining area
Tenor is detected that test content is as follows：
Test event：Cadmium, lead, chromium, copper, zinc, mercury, arsenic.
Test equipment：AFS, ICP-OES etc..
Test foundation：DB53/T 288-2009 Pb in food, arsenic, iron, calcium, zinc, aluminium, sodium, magnesium, boron, manganese, copper, barium, titanium,
Strontium, tin, cadmium, chromium, the measure of content of vanadium；Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrum (ICP-AES) method；GB 5009.11-
2014 national food safety standard：The measure of total Arsenic in Food and inorganic arsenic；GB 5009.17-2014 food securities country mark
It is accurate：Total mercury and organomercurial measure in food.
Test experiments step is as follows：
Gather in a certain amount of wild country melon (1Kg) and English ryegrass (1Kg).
Harvested wild country melon and English ryegrass are wrapped with brown paper, being placed in 105 DEG C of drying box is carried out
The process that completes of 30min, is processed in the drying box that wild country melon and English ryegrass are placed on again 75 DEG C after completing and processing
24h。
Mark detection (Qingdao) inspection center of the sample section of being addressed to is carried out into heavy metal in wild country melon and English ryegrass to contain
The third party of amount determines.
Content of beary metal is as shown in table 1 below in wild country melon and English ryegrass aerial part.
The wild country melon of table 1 contrasts (mg/Kg) with rye grass aerial part content of beary metal
The result of detection shows：Wild country melon and rye grass can be used in mining soil reparation.From 7 indexs for detecting
According to the cadmium (0.30mg/Kg ＞ 0.00mg/Kg), arsenic (the 0.09mg/Kg ＞ 0.04mg/ that see beyond copper removal in wild country melon aerial part
Kg), lead (0.79mg/Kg ＞ 0.50mg/Kg), zinc (26.8mg/Kg ＞ 18.6mg/Kg) are above rye grass, mercury content and black
Wheat straw is consistent (0.10mg/Kg), and chromium is not detected.
From data in terms of wild country melon rye grass is better than for the reparation of Compound Heavy Metals, its suitable reparation
The diversity in mining area is wider.As can be seen here, wild country melon not only has preferable mining area vegetation repair function, dirty to heavy metals mining area
Dye also has certain phytoremdiation.
Meanwhile, with the environment of mining area that sandstone are simulated, the heavy metal background that can be utilized in this context is less, in rye grass
Aerial part is not detected under conditions of cadmium, and wild country melon aerial part still has higher cadmium content, and this also illustrates wild country melon pair
There is potential using value in the phytoremediation of cadmium pollution soil.
Also, it should be noted that term " including " or its any other variant are intended to including for nonexcludability, from
And cause to include the commodity or system of a series of key elements not only including those key elements, but also including be not expressly set out its
His key element, or also include the key element intrinsic for this commodity or system.In the absence of more restrictions, by language
The key element that sentence "including a ..." is limited, it is not excluded that also exist in the commodity or system including key element other identical
Key element.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to limit the present invention, all spirit in the present invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method that a kind of utilization wild country melon repairs mining area vegetation and soil, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S100 is nursed young plants in hothouses by the way of cuttage to wild country melon；
The wild country melon seedling that S200 survives nursery is planted to mining area, carries out the management that wild country melon seedling grows early stage；
S300 is either direct to carry out the cuttage of wild country melon or buries stem in mining area, is equally reached and plants wild country melon in mining area
Purpose；
S400 sows ryegrass seed and/or ciliate desert-grass spore after mining area is covered by wild country melon.
2. the method that a kind of utilization wild country melon according to claim 1 repairs mining area vegetation and soil, it is characterised in that institute
State step S100 to concretely comprise the following steps：
Cuttage is carried out from tendril of the annual and length in 5cm or so, to prevent white slurry from flowing out, cuttings will dip in vegetation after cutting
Ash；
Poured with root-growing agent after soaking half an hour or cuttage with root-growing agent before cuttage；
Cuttage is not directly carried out during cuttage, cuttage is aided in using the instrument such as waddy or little crooked chisel, it is to avoid to skewer during cuttage
The destruction of slotting tendril, also needs to prune the blade of aerial part during cuttage, typically retains 1-2 blade, and ensures there be 1-2 life
Root site is under soil；
Pour permeable after cuttage, and cover sunshade net；
For promote cuttage seeding growth, after cuttage 2-3 is all, the wild country melon seedling to surviving carry out it is certain topdress, general cuttage
Afterwards 2-3 is all, and tendril survives for cuttage, you can standby.
3. the method that a kind of utilization wild country melon according to claim 2 repairs mining area vegetation and soil, it is characterised in that institute
Tendril cuttage is stated in husky, vermiculite or perlite, temperature is kept for 25～30 DEG C.
4. the method that a kind of utilization wild country melon according to claim 1 repairs mining area vegetation and soil, it is characterised in that institute
State step S200 to concretely comprise the following steps：
The wild country melon seedling that nursery is survived is planted to behind mining area, in two weeks interior emphasis water managements to ensure ground moistening, is promoted
Surviving and growth after the melon plantation of wild country, growth early stage is periodically patrolled, and according to circumstances moisturizing supplementary fertilizer.
5. the method that a kind of utilization wild country melon according to claim 1 repairs mining area vegetation and soil, it is characterised in that institute
In stating step S300, the cuttage for carrying out wild country melon in mining area is concretely comprised the following steps：
Cuttage is carried out under the Cutting conditions of mining area periphery relative adaptation, or relative adaptation is voluntarily built in mining area
Cutting plot；
Cuttage is not directly carried out during cuttage, cuttage is aided in using the instrument such as waddy or little crooked chisel, it is to avoid to skewer during cuttage
The destruction of slotting tendril, also needs to prune the blade of aerial part during cuttage, typically retains 1-2 blade, and ensures there be 2-3 life
Root site is under soil；
Water is poured after cuttage, and carries out sun-shading；
After cuttage 2-3 is all, the wild country melon seedling to surviving carries out certain topdressing.
6. the method that a kind of utilization wild country melon according to claim 5 repairs mining area vegetation and soil, it is characterised in that institute
State and the cutting plot of a relative adaptation is voluntarily built in mining area concretely comprise the following steps：
A wide and deep cuttage no less than 10cm is dug in mining area to cheat, and the cuttage base of suitable cuttage is filled in cuttage hole
Matter, and cuttage hole is simply processed, it is to avoid the too fast loss of soil in cuttage hole.
7. the method that a kind of utilization wild country melon according to claim 1 repairs mining area vegetation and soil, it is characterised in that institute
In stating step S300, the stem that buries for carrying out wild country melon in mining area is concretely comprised the following steps：
Wild country melon stem is cut into the segment of 5-10cm；
The breeding area for adapting to is selected, length and width, the deep breeding pitting for being respectively 10cm or so is then dug；
The soil dug out from breeding pitting is broken into pieces, the soil of backfill 2/3 is to breeding pitting；
Wild country melon stem is placed in the breeding pitting of 2/3 soil of backfill, the good remaining soil of backfill, and pours water；
Branch or grass are covered on the breeding pitting for having buried wild country melon stem, certain sun-shading is done.
8. the method that a kind of utilization wild country melon according to claim 1 repairs mining area vegetation and soil, it is characterised in that institute
State step S400 to concretely comprise the following steps：
First pass through wild country melon to repair mining area, it is suitable using rye grass and/or ciliate desert-grass etc. after mining area is covered by wild country melon
The enriching plant that mining area grows is answered to be repaired；
Ryegrass seed and/or ciliate desert-grass spore are sufficiently mixed with fine earth, then will contain ryegrass seed and/or ciliate desert-grass spore
The fine earth of son is sprinkling upon the region for being covered by wild country melon, and waters.
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| CN201610854593.7A CN106612695A (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2016-09-27 | Method for repairing mining area vegetation and soil by using Ficus tikoua bur |
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