CN106596679A - 一种碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,主要通过将制备的二胺三缩水杨醛作为中性载体,与增塑剂、PVC粉末一起溶解在四氢呋喃中,制成PVC膜,进一步制成碘三离子选择性电极。通过本发明的制备方法所制得的碘三离子选择性电极,对碘三离子具有良好的电位响应,在较宽的浓度范围符合能斯特响应,且该选择性电极具有较好的稳定性与重现性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电极领域,尤其涉及一种碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法。
背景技术
在化学与药物分析中,碘量法是最简单、最快速以及最准确的分析方法,一般采用淀粉指示剂或铂电极作为指示电极用于碘量法的终点判断。但是淀粉在视觉滴定中作为指示剂存在着诸多缺点,例如:在有色溶液中不容易指示终点,淀粉在冷水中的不稳定性,以及易与碘形成不溶物,这都将影响低浓度溶液的终点判断,降低检测结果的准确性。铂电极作为指示电极进行碘量法电位滴定,灵敏度较低,在低浓度样品中使用受限。
碘三离子主要指三碘阴离子I3 -,是一种由3个碘原子构成的多碘性离子。三碘阴离子常被用作标准溶液滴定还原性物质,例如,砷(III)、抗坏血酸、甲醛、葡萄糖等,并被作为目标离子测定氧化剂(如过氧化氢、氯等)。在测定一系列重要的化学及药物的有机分子方面,碘三离子传感器具有较高的准确性。此外,在类似于三碘化物离子其他氧化还原试剂的存在下,碘三离子传感器可直接测定溶液中三碘阴离子的活动能力,使其不仅可在碘量滴定法中作为指示电极检测终点,而且可用于检测三碘阴离子和不同试剂间络合作用的热力学和动力学参数,如离子配对反应。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述问题,提供一种碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,对碘三离子具有良好的电位响应。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
步骤1)制备二胺三缩水杨醛;
步骤2)制备PVC膜:
将制备得的二胺三缩水杨醛作为载体、与增塑剂、PVC粉末一起溶解在四氢呋喃中,充分混匀后倾倒于玻璃板上,室温下干燥,即得到PVC膜;
步骤3)制备碘三离子选择性电极:
将上述PVC膜切成圆片,用含PVC的四氢呋喃溶液粘于PVC管上,加入KCl溶液作为内充液,插入参比电极,即制成了碘三离子选择性电极。
进一步的,步骤2)中所述的增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯及邻硝基苯基辛基醚中的一种。
进一步的,步骤2)中所述载体、增塑剂、PVC的质量比分别为3.2-3.9%、30.1-32.8%、65%-66%。
进一步的,步骤2)中所述载体、增塑剂、PVC的质量比分别为3.87%、30.93%、65.2%。
进一步的,步骤2)中所制得的PVC膜的厚度在0.3-0.5mm之间。
进一步的,步骤3)中所述含PVC的四氢呋喃溶液的为含5%PVC(质量比)的四氢呋喃溶液。
进一步的,步骤2)中所述PVC管的内径为9mm,外径为10mm、长为10cm。
进一步的,步骤2)中所述内充液为0.1mol/L的KCl溶液.
进一步的,步骤2)中所述参比电极包括内参比电极和外参比电极,所述内参比电极和外参比电极分别为Ag/AgCl电极和饱和甘汞电极。
进一步的,步骤1)中,制备二胺三缩水杨醛的方法为:将水杨醛溶于无水乙醇,滴加浓氨水至有黄色物质析出,再用三氯甲烷重结晶即得到二胺三缩水杨醛。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优势在于:通过本发明的制备方法所制得的碘三离子选择性电极,以二胺三缩水杨醛为载体,对碘三离子具有良好的电位响应,在较宽的浓度范围符合能斯特响应,且该选择性电极具有较好的稳定性与重现性。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,构成本发明的一部分,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明实施例中的二胺三缩水杨醛的化学方程式;
图2为本发明实施例提供的以二胺三缩水杨醛为载体的碘三离子选择性电极对I3 -的校正曲线;
图3为本发明实施例提供的以二胺三缩水杨醛为载体的碘三离子选择性电极对抗坏血酸样品滴定的电位曲线。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明具体实施例及相应的附图对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种碘三离子选择性电极的制备,其以二胺三缩水杨醛为中性载体,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)制备二胺三缩水杨醛:
常温下将水杨醛溶于无水乙醇,慢慢滴加浓氨水至有黄色物质析出,再用三氯甲烷重结晶即可得到二胺三缩水杨醛,其化学式如图1所示。
2)制备PVC膜:
将制备得的二胺三缩水杨醛作为载体与邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(作为增塑剂)、PVC粉末一起溶解在四氢呋喃中,其中,载体、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、PVC的质量比分别为3.87%、30.93%、65.20%。充分混匀后将其倾倒于一片干净的玻璃板上,室温下干燥一天以上,即得到所需的PVC膜,该PVC膜的厚度一般在0.3-0.5mm之间;
3)制备碘三离子选择性电极:
将PVC膜切成圆片,用含5%(质量比)PVC的四氢呋喃溶液粘于内径为9mm,外径为10mm、长为10cm的PVC管上,加入内充液,内充液为0.1mol/L的KCl溶液,插入参比电极,即制成了碘三离子选择性电极。其中,内参比电极和外参比电极分别为Ag/AgCl电极和饱和甘汞电极。
步骤2)中,载体、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、PVC的质量比是以PVC膜电极对I3 -线性响应范围为优化目标函数,得到的I3 -的最佳电极膜组成。
另外,需要注意的是,制备好的碘三离子选择性电极在使用前需要在pH=3.0的磷酸盐溶液中活化24h,并且电极电位由下列电池测定:
Ag,AgCl||KCl(0.1mol/L)|PVC膜|测试液||KCI(饱和),Hg2Cl2,Hg
关于制备得的基于二胺三缩水杨醛为载体的碘三离子选择性电极的电极电位的响应性能:
如图2所示,其呈现了以二胺三缩水杨醛为载体的电极对I3 -的电位响应特性,可见以二胺三缩水杨醛为载体的碘三离子选择性电极在pH=3.0的0.01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液条件下对I3 -在1.0×10-1~1.0×10-6mol/L浓度范围内呈现能斯特响应,由图2可知斜率为-59.771mV/dec,相关系数为0.9967,接近于理论值(根据能斯特公式,对于一价离子,斜率为59mv)。且由图2计算可知该碘三离子选择性电极对I3 -浓度的检测下限为6.3×10-7mol/L(25℃)。
关于制备得的基于二胺三缩水杨醛为载体的碘三离子选择性电极的选择性:
在相同的浓度下,由公式1-1可知,可以表示为
S为斜率。用分别溶液法测定了常见离子对I3 -的干扰,即不同离子的电势E,计算电极的选择性系数(其中,j表示干扰离子)结果如表1所示。系数越小,表明电极对离子i的选择性越好,即干扰离子j对电极的干扰越小。反之则相反。该碘三离子选择性电极的选择性大小依次为:I->Sal->CO3 2->SCN->NO3 ->Br->Cl->SO4 2-,一些常见阴离子如Cl-,SO4 2-等对电极的干扰较小。
表3.2电极的选择性系数logki,j pot
关于制备得的基于二胺三缩水杨醛为载体的碘三离子选择性电极的应用:
以二胺三缩水杨醛为载体的碘三离子选择性电极作为指示电极的电位滴定法测定抗坏血酸样品溶液。
首先,用硫代硫酸钠标准溶液标定三碘阴离子溶液(即I3 -溶液),可得出所配置的I3 -溶液的浓度为8.945×10-3mol/L。
其次,使用该碘三离子选择性电极作为指示电极,用三碘阴离子溶液对抗坏血酸样品进行电位滴定,曲线如图3所示,显示了碘三离子选择性电极作为指示电极的一个典型的滴定曲线,溶液中的抗坏血酸的量可以从滴定曲线中尖锐的突跃来判断滴定终点,精确测定抗坏血酸的含量。利用电位滴定法和《中国药典》2015版提供的方法-直接碘量法测定抗坏血酸浓度进行比较,结果类似,所得到的数据总结在表2,表明该电极可用于维生素C浓度的测定。
表2抗坏血酸浓度的测定
电位滴定法 | 中国药典方法 | |
抗坏血酸[c] | 4.1862×10-3mol/L | 4.1898×10-3mol/L |
综上所述,通过本发明的制备方法所制得的碘三离子选择性电极,以二胺三缩水杨醛为载体,对碘三离子具有良好的电位响应,在较宽的浓度范围符合能斯特响应,且该选择性电极具有较好的稳定性与重现性。并且该碘三离子选择性电极,具有制备简单、灵敏度高、数据稳定、能够实现持续动态快速痕量监测等的优点。
以上所述的具体实例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1)制备二胺三缩水杨醛;
步骤2)制备PVC膜:
将制备得的二胺三缩水杨醛作为载体、与增塑剂、PVC粉末一起溶解在四氢呋喃中,充分混匀后倾倒于玻璃板上,室温下干燥,即得到PVC膜;
步骤3)制备碘三离子选择性电极:
将上述PVC膜切成圆片,用含PVC的四氢呋喃溶液粘于PVC管上,加入KCl溶液作为内充液,插入参比电极,即制成碘三离子选择性电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述的增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯及邻硝基苯基辛基醚中的一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述载体、增塑剂、PVC的质量比分别为3.2-3.9%、30.1-32.8%、65%-66%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述载体、增塑剂、PVC的质量比分别为3.87%、30.93%、65.2%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中所制得的PVC膜的厚度在0.3-0.5mm之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述含PVC的四氢呋喃溶液为含5%PVC(质量比)的四氢呋喃溶液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述PVC管的内径为9mm,外径为10mm、长为10cm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述内充液为0.1mol/L的KCl溶液。
9.根据权利要求1所述的碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述参比电极包括内参比电极和外参比电极,所述内参比电极和外参比电极分别为Ag/AgCl电极和饱和甘汞电极。
10.根据权利要求1所述的碘三离子选择性电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,制备二胺三缩水杨醛的方法为:将水杨醛溶于无水乙醇,滴加浓氨水至有黄色物质析出,再用三氯甲烷重结晶即得到二胺三缩水杨醛。
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