CN106590286A - 一种超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法和涂装工艺 - Google Patents

一种超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法和涂装工艺 Download PDF

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CN106590286A
CN106590286A CN201611198729.XA CN201611198729A CN106590286A CN 106590286 A CN106590286 A CN 106590286A CN 201611198729 A CN201611198729 A CN 201611198729A CN 106590286 A CN106590286 A CN 106590286A
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黄林德
徐保峰
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Abstract

本发明涉及涂料技术领域,具体公开了一种超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法和涂装工艺。所述防火涂料包含如下重量百分比的组分:纯丙乳液20~30%,聚磷酸铵20~30%,季戊四醇10~20%,三聚氰胺10~20%,氢氧化铝0.5~2%,水10~30%,助剂0.5~2%。所述涂装工艺包含如下步骤:S1. 在钢结构表面涂刷底漆和中间漆;S2. 待底漆和中间漆实干后涂刷三道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料;S3. 待超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料表干后,涂刷水性丙烯酸面漆即可。通过本发明所述涂装工艺得到的防火涂层耐候性好,绿色环保,耐火极限达到了溶剂型防火涂料的耐火水平。

Description

一种超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法和涂装工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料技术领域,具体涉及一种超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法和涂装工艺。
背景技术
钢结构兼具高轻度、质量轻、装配简单、施工速度快、抗震性好等优异特性,被越来越广泛地应用在公共建筑及民用建筑中,特别是在一些超高层或者较大跨度的公共建筑上显示除了极大的优势,目前装配式的钢结构建筑也得到了广泛的发展。不可忽视的是钢结构的耐火性能,由于钢结构在自身温度达到538℃时,其机械强度迅速下降,极易垮塌。大量实验表明,无外在防火措施的情况下,钢结构仅能在发生火灾后的15-20分钟内保证其承载能力,因此必须对钢结构表面进行防火保护措施。
目前常用的方式是在钢结构表面涂刷防火涂料,起到防火隔热的效果,可在30-180min内保证钢结构的承载能力。目前主要有非膨胀型和膨胀型防火涂料,膨胀型防火涂料在未受热时状态正常,受热时被动膨胀,起到保护钢结构的作用。早期人们主要采用溶剂型的膨胀型防火涂料,随着世界各国对环境问题的重视,水性膨胀型防火涂料被应用到更多的工程实例中。
中国专利CN103805058《一种用于钢结构建筑的防火涂料及其制作方法和涂装工艺》提供了一种具备高性能、附着力强、耐候性好等优点的超薄型钢结构防火涂料。其中该防火涂料选用了有机硅树脂作为主要成膜物,以苯丙乳液作为次成膜物;选用了聚磷酸铵、双季戊四醇、三聚氰胺和膨胀湿膜作为成碳系统,以及其他助剂。该防火涂料在涂层厚度为2.0mm时,耐火极限为85min。同时该发明还涉及了一种涂装工艺,包括:(1)涂装前的表面处理;(2)无机富锌底漆的喷涂;(3)环氧云铁中间漆的喷涂;(4)防火涂料的涂刷;(5)双组份聚氨基甲酸乙酯面漆喷涂;(6)氟碳金属面漆涂刷。该技术存在如下不足:(1)由于水性防火涂料中的成膜物分子量普遍较小,因此耐火极限低于相同厚度的溶剂型防火涂料,例如该发明中2mm防火涂料仅能提供85min的耐火极限,而市面上的溶剂型防火入料2mm涂层厚度普遍可以提供120min的耐火极限;(2)在涂装工艺过程中面漆选用了聚氨基甲酸乙酯面漆,属于溶剂型油漆,如考虑到施工过程中稀释剂的使用,VOC远远超过150g/L,对环境造成了污染,只适合用于开放式的厂房等建筑中;(3)在涂装工艺中防火涂料层涂刷完毕后实干6天方能喷涂面漆,间隔时间过长,在实际应用会大大延长工期。
因此,开发一种高耐火极限、耐水性能好、施工方便、绿色环保的水性防火涂料具有重要的市场前景。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的首要技术问题是,为了克服现有水性防火涂料存在的上述不足,本发明提供一种高耐火极限、耐水性能好、施工方便、绿色环保的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料。
本发明还提供了一种上述防火涂料的制备方法。
此外,本发明还同了一种上述水性防火涂料具体涂装工艺。
本发明所要解决的上述技术问题通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料,包含如下重量百分比的组分:纯丙乳液20~30%,聚磷酸铵20~30%,季戊四醇10~20%,三聚氰胺10~20%,氢氧化铝0.5~2%,水10~30%,助剂0.5~2%。
优选地,所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料,包含如下重量百分比的组分:纯丙乳液20~25%,聚磷酸铵20~25%,季戊四醇10~15%,三聚氰胺15~20%,氢氧化铝1~2%,水20~30%,助剂1~2%。
最优选地,所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料,包含如下重量百分比的组分:纯丙乳液25%,聚磷酸铵24%,季戊四醇14%,三聚氰胺15%,氢氧化铝1%,水20%,助剂1%。
优选地,所述的水为蒸馏水;所述的助剂包括消泡剂,表面活性剂,杀菌剂和/或成膜助剂。
上述超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的制备方法,包含如下步骤:首先将聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺、氢氧化铝、和水混合后进行研磨至原料细度≤100μm;然后加入纯丙乳液和助剂继续研磨0.5~2h,即得所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料。
优选地,所述的水为蒸馏水;所述的助剂包括消泡剂,表面活性剂,杀菌剂和/或成膜助剂。
一种由上述制备方法制备得到的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料。
一种钢结构表面涂装工艺,包含如下步骤:
S1. 在钢结构表面涂刷底漆和中间漆;
S2. 待底漆和中间漆实干后涂刷三道权利要求7所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料;
S3. 待超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料表干后,涂刷水性丙烯酸面漆即可。
优选地,步骤S2中第一道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的厚度为450~550μm,第二道和第三道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的厚度为700~800μm;步骤S3中所述的水性丙烯酸面漆的涂膜厚度为60-100μm。
优选地,步骤S1所述的底漆和中间漆为防锈底漆和防中间漆;步骤S2和S3中所述的涂刷采用手工刷漆或者无气喷涂的方式。
有益效果:(1)本发明提供了一种全新配方的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料,在上述配方下制备得到的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料具有高耐火极限,试验证明防火涂层厚度2mm时,耐火极限大于110min,其耐火性能远远大于现有的水性防火涂料,达到了溶剂型防火涂料的标准;(2)本发明制备得到的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料与水性丙烯酸面漆具有非常好的相容性,使得在具体涂装过程中在超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料表面可以顺利涂刷水性丙烯酸面漆,使得VOC含量接近于0,从而有效避免使用溶剂型面漆导致VOC含量过高造成的环境污染;(3)在具体的涂装过程中,涂刷本发明制备得到的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料后只需等到防火涂料表干(6~24h)后即可涂刷面漆;避免现有水性防火涂料需要等待6天以上才能涂刷面漆的缺陷,大大缩短了施工工期。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例来进一步解释本发明,但实施例对本发明不做任何形式的限定。
实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。其中,所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
以下实施例中耐火极限的测试方法参照GB14907-2002。
以下实施例中VOC的检测方法参照美国标准ASTM D2369-2010e1。
实施例1 超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的制备以及涂装工艺
重量比配方:纯丙乳液25%,聚磷酸铵24%,季戊四醇14%,三聚氰胺15%,氢氧化铝1%,蒸馏水20%,助剂1%(其中消泡剂占0.2 %,表面活性剂占0.5%,杀菌剂占0.1%,成膜助剂占0.2%)。
制备方法:首先将聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺、氢氧化铝、和蒸馏水混合后放入球磨机中进行研磨至原料细度≤100μm;然后加入纯丙乳液和助剂继续研磨1h,即得所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料。
涂装工艺:
S1. 在钢结构表面涂刷防锈底漆和防锈中间漆;
S2. 待底漆和中间漆实干后涂刷三道上述超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料;
S3. 待超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料表干后(12h后),涂刷水性丙烯酸面漆即可;
步骤S2中第一道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的厚度为500μm,第二道和第三道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的厚度为750μm;步骤S3中所述的水性丙烯酸面漆的涂膜厚度为80μm;步骤S2和S3中所述的涂刷采用手工刷漆或者无气喷涂的方式。
经检测,涂装本发明所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的钢结构,耐火极限达到了126min,涂层耐候性好,耐火极限也基本达到了溶剂型防火涂料的耐火水平;VOC含量接近于0,绿色环保;此外,步骤S3中喷涂超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料12h即可喷涂水性丙烯酸面漆,大大缩短了施工工期,成功克服了现有水性防火涂料不能及时涂刷面漆的工程应用难题。
实施例2 超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的制备以及涂装工艺
重量比配方:纯丙乳液25%,聚磷酸铵20%,季戊四醇13%,三聚氰胺20%,氢氧化铝1%,蒸馏水20%,助剂1%(其中消泡剂占0.2 %,表面活性剂占0.5%,杀菌剂占0.1%,成膜助剂占0.2%)。
制备方法:首先将聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺、氢氧化铝、和蒸馏水混合后放入球磨机中进行研磨至原料细度≤100μm;然后加入纯丙乳液和助剂继续研磨1h,即得所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料。
涂装工艺:
S1. 在钢结构表面涂刷防锈底漆和防锈中间漆;
S2. 待底漆和中间漆实干后涂刷三道上述超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料;
S3. 待超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料表干后(24h后),涂刷水性丙烯酸面漆即可;
步骤S2中第一道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的厚度为500μm,第二道和第三道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的厚度为750μm;步骤S3中所述的水性丙烯酸面漆的涂膜厚度为80μm;步骤S2和S3中所述的涂刷采用手工刷漆或者无气喷涂的方式。
经检测,涂装本发明所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的钢结构,耐火极限达到了110min,涂层耐候性好,耐火极限也基本达到了溶剂型防火涂料的耐火水平;VOC含量接近于0,绿色环保;此外,步骤S3中喷涂超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料24h即可喷涂水性丙烯酸面漆,大大缩短了施工工期,成功克服了现有水性防火涂料不能及时涂刷面漆的工程应用难题。
实施例3 超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的制备以及涂装工艺
重量比配方:纯丙乳液20%,聚磷酸铵25%,季戊四醇13%,三聚氰胺15%,氢氧化铝1%,蒸馏水25%,助剂1%(其中消泡剂占0.2 %,表面活性剂占0.5%,杀菌剂占0.1%,成膜助剂占0.2%)。
制备方法:首先将聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺、氢氧化铝、和蒸馏水混合后放入球磨机中进行研磨至原料细度≤100μm;然后加入纯丙乳液和助剂继续研磨1h,即得所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料。
涂装工艺:
S1. 在钢结构表面涂刷防锈底漆和防锈中间漆;
S2. 待底漆和中间漆实干后涂刷三道上述超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料;
S3. 待超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料表干后(24h后),涂刷水性丙烯酸面漆即可;
步骤S2中第一道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的厚度为500μm,第二道和第三道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的厚度为750μm;步骤S3中所述的水性丙烯酸面漆的涂膜厚度为80μm;步骤S2和S3中所述的涂刷采用手工刷漆或者无气喷涂的方式。
经检测,涂装本发明所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的钢结构,耐火极限达到了116min,涂层耐候性好,耐火极限也基本达到了溶剂型防火涂料的耐火水平;VOC含量接近于0,绿色环保;此外,步骤S3中喷涂超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料24h即可喷涂水性丙烯酸面漆,大大缩短了施工工期,成功克服了现有水性防火涂料不能及时涂刷面漆的工程应用难题。

Claims (10)

1.一种超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料,其特征在于,包含如下重量百分比的组分:纯丙乳液20~30%,聚磷酸铵20~30%,季戊四醇10~20%,三聚氰胺10~20%,氢氧化铝0.5~2%,水10~30%,助剂0.5~2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料,其特征在于,包含如下重量百分比的组分:纯丙乳液20~25%,聚磷酸铵20~25%,季戊四醇10~15%,三聚氰胺15~20%,氢氧化铝1~2%,水20~30%,助剂1~2%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料,其特征在于,包含如下重量百分比的组分:纯丙乳液25%,聚磷酸铵24%,季戊四醇14%,三聚氰胺15%,氢氧化铝1%,水20%,助剂1%。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料,其特征在于,所述的水为蒸馏水;所述的助剂包括消泡剂,表面活性剂,杀菌剂和/或成膜助剂。
5.一种由权利要求1~3任一项所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包含如下步骤:首先将聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺、氢氧化铝、和水混合后进行研磨至原料细度≤100μm;然后加入纯丙乳液和助剂继续研磨0.5~2h,即得所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的水为蒸馏水;所述的助剂包括消泡剂,表面活性剂,杀菌剂和/或成膜助剂。
7.一种由权利要求5或6所述的制备方法制备得到的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料。
8.一种钢结构表面涂装工艺,其特征在于,包含如下步骤:
S1. 在钢结构表面涂刷底漆和中间漆;
S2. 待底漆和中间漆实干后涂刷三道权利要求7所述的超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料;
S3. 待超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料表干后,涂刷水性丙烯酸面漆即可。
9.根据权利要求7所述的钢结构表面涂装工艺,其特征在于,步骤S2中第一道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的厚度为450~550μm,第二道和第三道超薄型水性钢结构防火涂料的厚度为700~800μm;步骤S3中所述的水性丙烯酸面漆的涂膜厚度为60-100μm。
10.根据权利要求7所述的钢结构表面涂装工艺,其特征在于,步骤S1所述的底漆和中间漆为防锈底漆和防中间漆;步骤S2和S3中所述的涂刷采用手工刷漆或者无气喷涂的方式。
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