CN106589294A - 用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,具体涉及一种用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物及其制备方法。用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物由A组分和B组分组成,A组分:聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚合物多元醇、扩链剂、交联剂、催化剂、发泡剂、抗氧剂、泡孔稳定剂;B组分为异氰酸酯。本发明制成的浮球为发泡的实心球体,壁壳结皮厚,显著提高湖海水的抗压能力,同时浮球密度低、浮力好,耐腐蚀强、延长使用寿命,具有良好的应用前景;工艺简单、一次成型、无需后期硫化,极大的提高生产效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,具体涉及一种用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着湖海等地水产养殖业的发展,浮球越来越受到渔民的青睐。市场上浮球主要分为金属空心球、玻璃空心球、塑料空心球、塑料实心球等,生产工艺复杂且繁琐,制品在实际应用中存在抗压能力低、浮力不够、容易进水等问题。例如,PE材料制成的浮球需要加厚壳体的壁厚才能达到特定的耐冲击强度,但自身质量很重,浮力减小,并且这种材料的抗老化程度低,经过长时间的海水冲击,容易使得球体发生破埙。PET材料制成的浮球虽然一体成型,但需要经过高压充气才能正常使用,这种浮球受到水的冲击和腐蚀,也容易使壳体破损,存在密封性不好而漏气的问题,导致球体内部进水,浮力下降。所以,选择一种浮力优良、抗压能力好且球体内部不进水的浮球就会非常重要。
CN 201602055U公开了一种浮球,浮球壳体是由聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚氯乙烯硬质塑料制成,壳体内部是聚乙烯泡沫或聚苯乙烯泡沫材料的填充物。在外部壳体损坏的情况下,虽然能保证浮球内部不进水,延长使用寿命,但是壳体表面密度高,重量大,使浮球的整体密度增加,浮力下降。
CN 104761817A公开了一种以聚丙烯为主要成分的发泡浮球,制品具备较强的浮力及抗压能力,但生产过程经过注塑、模压和挤压等环节,工艺复杂,成型温度高于150℃,后期还需要进行降温冷却,造成极大的能源浪费,使得制造成本增加。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物,用其制成的产品为发泡实心球体,壁壳结皮厚、球体密度低、浮力好,具有优良的抗压能力;本发明同时提供了用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物的制备方法,工艺简单,一次成型,易实施,显著提高生产效率,降低生产成本。
本发明所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物由A组分和B组分以重量比A:B=100:50-70组成,其中,
A组分,以重量百分比计:
B组分为异氰酸酯。
所述的聚醚多元醇1是以甘油为起始剂,伯羟基含量≥65%,数均分子量为4500-7000,用氧化乙烯封端的聚氧化丙烯三元醇;优选EP-330NG(山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司)、EP-3600(山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司)或FA-703(可利亚多元醇南京有限公司)中的一种。
所述的聚醚多元醇2是官能度为2-4,数均分子量200-800的聚醚多元醇;优选MN-500(山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司)、DL-400(山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司)或DV-125(山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司)中的一种或多种。
所述的聚合物多元醇是以乙烯基聚醚三醇为基础聚醚,用苯乙烯或丙烯腈接枝共聚,固含量≥25%的高活性聚合物多元醇;优选POP45(山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司)、POP40(山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司)、POP36/30(山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司)、POP36/28(山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司)或CHP-H45(江苏长华聚氨酯科技有限公司)中的一种。
所述的扩链剂为乙二醇(EG)、一缩二乙二醇(DEG)、1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BG)、1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PG)或一缩二丙二醇(DPG)中的一种或多种。
所述的交联剂为三乙醇胺(TEA)、二乙醇胺(DEOA)、甘油或三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)中的一种或多种。
所述的催化剂为叔胺类催化剂和金属类催化剂以任意比混合而成,其中叔胺类催化剂优选A-33(市售)、A-1(市售)、C-225(美国气体公司),金属类催化剂优选T-12(市售)。
所述的发泡剂为H2O。
所述的抗氧剂为2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(抗氧剂-264)或吩噻嗪中的一种或两种。
所述的泡孔稳定剂为聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物,优选AK-7703(南京德美世创化工有限公司),DC193(美国空气化工产品有限公司)、DC2525(美国空气化工产品有限公司)。
所述的异氰酸酯为碳化二亚胺改性MDI、纯MDI、MDI-50、聚合MDI或NCO封端的改性MDI中的一种或多种,优选MDI-100(万华化学公司)、MDI-50(万华化学公司)、PM200(万华化学公司)或0129M(亨斯曼公司)、44V20(拜耳公司)、44C(拜耳公司)、M20S(巴斯夫公司)。NCO封端的改性MDI是MDI与聚醚多元醇预聚反应得到的,NCO含量为20%-30%,优选DG5082(山东一诺威聚氨酯股份有限公司,市售)、2082(亨斯曼公司,市售)。
本发明所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)制备A组分:将称量好的聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚合物多元醇投入反应釜中搅拌,然后加入计量准确的扩链剂、催化剂、泡孔稳定剂、抗氧剂、发泡剂和交联剂,常温下搅拌2-3小时,取样合格即得A组分;
(2)制备B组分:将配方量的异氰酸酯加入到搅拌釜中,室温条件下,转速为30-60r/min,搅拌1-2h,检测合格即得B组分。
使用时,将上述制备的A组分与B组分分别注入低压浇注机料罐中,加热至35-45℃,按A:B=100:50-70的重量比混合均匀后注入模温为45-55℃的浮球模具,3.0-6.0分钟熟化脱模即得到本发明的发泡浮球制品。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
(1)制成的浮球为发泡的实心球体,壁壳结皮厚,显著提高湖海水的抗压能力,同时浮球密度低、浮力好,耐腐蚀强、延长使用寿命,具有良好的应用前景。
(2)配方设计不含TDI等有毒物质,避免了可能的安全隐患。同时采用全水发泡替代氟烃化合物发泡剂,保护了自然环境。
(3)组合物A、B组分常温下均为液体状态,方便储存和运输,既可降低能耗、减少繁琐的操作,又可以降低生产成本。
(4)提供的制备方法,工艺简单、一次成型、无需后期硫化,极大的提高生产效率。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。以下实施例中所用原料均为市售产品,各组分重量单位为kg。
实施例1
A组分:
B组分:
碳化二亚胺改性MDI 30kg
MDI-50 40kg
M20S 30kg
A组分料:将称量好的FA-703、DV125、POP45依次投入反应釜中搅拌,然后加入计量准确的1,4-BG、TEA、A33、A-1、H2O、抗氧剂-264、AK-7703,常温搅拌2小时,检测合格即得A组分。
B组分料:将配方量的碳化二亚胺改性MDI、M20S、MDI-50依次加入到搅拌釜中,室温条件下,转速为35r/min,搅拌2h,检测合格即得B组分。
使用时,将上述制备的A组分与B组分分别注入低压浇注机料罐中,加热至40℃,按A:B=100:55的重量比混合均匀后注入模温为45℃的浮球模具,5分钟熟化脱模,即得到本发明的发泡浮球制品。
实施例2
A组分:
B组分:
碳化二亚胺改性MDI 35kg
MDI-100 45kg
PM-200 20kg
A组分料:将称量好的330N、MN-500、POP36/28依次投入反应釜中搅拌,然后加入计量准确的EG、DEG、DEOA、A33、C-225、H2O、抗氧剂-264、DC2525等,常温搅拌3小时,取样合格即得A组分。
B组分料:将配方量的碳化二亚胺改性MDI、MDI-100、PM-200依次加入到搅拌釜中,室温条件下,转速为40r/min,搅拌1.5h,检测合格即得B组分。
使用时,将上述制备的A组分与B组分分别注入低压浇注机料罐中,加热至45℃,按A:B=100:60的重量比混合均匀后注入模温为50℃的浮球模具,4分钟熟化脱模,即得到本发明的发泡浮球制品。
实施例3
A组分:
B组分:
A组分料:将称量好的330N、DV125、CHP-H45依次投入反应釜中搅拌,然后加入计量准确的1,4-BG、DPG、甘油、A33、T-12、H2O、抗氧剂-264、AK-7703,常温搅拌2.5小时,取样合格即得A组分。
B组分料:将配方量的DG5082、碳化二亚胺改性MDI、0129M、44V20依次加入到搅拌釜中,室温条件下,转速为50r/min,搅拌1.5h,检测合格即得B组分。
使用时,将上述制备的A组分与B组分分别注入低压浇注机料罐中,加热至35℃,按A:B=100:70的重量比混合均匀后注入模温为45℃的浮球模具,6分钟熟化脱模,即得到本发明的发泡浮球制品。
实施例4
A组分:
B组分:
A组分料:将称量好的EP-3600、DV125、POP36/30依次投入反应釜中搅拌,然后加入计量准确的1,4-BG、DEOA、A33、A-1、T-12、H2O、抗氧剂-264、DC193,常温搅拌2小时,取样合格即得A组分。
B组分料:将配方量的2082、碳化二亚胺改性MDI、44C、M20S依次加入到搅拌釜中,室温条件下,转速为55r/min,搅拌1h,检测合格即得B组分。
使用时,将上述制备的A组分与B组分分别注入低压浇注机料罐中,加热至40℃,按A:B=100:50的重量比混合均匀后注入模温为50℃的浮球模具,3分钟熟化脱模即得到本发明的发泡浮球制品。
实施例1-4所得的发泡浮球制品物理特性具体分析见表1。
表1实施例1-4所得的发泡浮球制品的物理特性
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 |
密度(kg/m3) | 300 | 296 | 303 | 307 |
壁壳硬度(A) | 65 | 70 | 75 | 55 |
壁壳百分比(%) | 7 | 5 | 6 | 8 |
浮力指标 | 4 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 4.2 |
注:1.壁壳百分比为壁壳的结皮厚度与浮球半径厚度的百分比,比值越高,结皮越好,相同条件下耐湖海水的腐蚀越好,使用寿命越长。
2.浮力指标为球体全部浸没水中需要的外力与球体重力的比值,在相同抗压能力下,浮力指标越高,浮力越好。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物,其特征在于由A组分和B组分以重量比A:B=100:50-70组成,其中,
A组分,以重量百分比计:
B组分为异氰酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物,其特征在于所述的聚醚多元醇1是以甘油为起始剂,伯羟基含量≥65%,数均分子量为4500-7000,用氧化乙烯封端的聚氧化丙烯三元醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物,其特征在于所述的聚醚多元醇2是官能度为2-4,数均分子量200-800的聚醚多元醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物,其特征在于所述的聚合物多元醇是以乙烯基聚醚三醇为基础聚醚,用苯乙烯或丙烯腈接枝共聚,固含量≥25%的高活性聚合物多元醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物,其特征在于所述的扩链剂为乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇或一缩二丙二醇中的一种或多种,交联剂为三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、甘油或三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物,其特征在于所述的催化剂为叔胺类催化剂和金属类催化剂以任意比混合而成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物,其特征在于所述的发泡剂为H2O,抗氧剂为2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚或吩噻嗪中的一种或两种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物,其特征在于所述的泡孔稳定剂为聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物,其特征在于所述的异氰酸酯为碳化二亚胺改性MDI、纯MDI、MDI-50、聚合MDI或NCO封端的改性MDI中的一种或多种。
10.一种权利要求1-9任一所述的用于发泡浮球的聚氨酯微孔弹性体组合物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)制备A组分:将称量好的聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚合物多元醇投入反应釜中搅拌,然后加入计量准确的扩链剂、催化剂、泡孔稳定剂、抗氧剂、发泡剂和交联剂,常温下搅拌2-3小时,取样合格即得A组分;
(2)制备B组分:将配方量的异氰酸酯加入到搅拌釜中,室温条件下,转速为30-60r/min,搅拌1-2h,检测合格即得B组分。
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