CN106588988B - 制备检测样品中汞离子的高选择性比色探针的方法 - Google Patents
制备检测样品中汞离子的高选择性比色探针的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/655—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6552—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a six-membered ring
- C07F9/65522—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a six-membered ring condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备检测样品中汞离子的高选择性比色探针的方法。具体地,将7‑羟基香豆素溶于THF中,在氮气保护的条件下慢慢滴加硒粉的THF溶液,室温搅拌,加入溶于三乙胺和THF混合溶液的二苯基氯化膦,氮气保护下搅拌反应,旋干溶剂,加入甲苯用分水器回洗,除去固体,将有机相旋干,用柱层析分离提纯目标产物。本发明所合成的探针对汞离子特异性响应,并不受共存离子K+、Na+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+的干扰,对Hg2+的选择性很好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备比色探针的方法,该比色探针可用于检测样品中汞离子的浓度或含量。
技术背景
汞是一种易挥发且具有严重毒性的元素,汞元素一旦进入水体,环境中的汞离子就会被细菌转化为有机汞(如甲基汞等),并且会一直累积在生物体内,经食物链富集作用,最后被人类以及其他动物例如鸟类吸收产生危害。汞和它的衍生物会破坏生物体分子结构,这是由于汞离子可以和蛋白质、酶中的含硫的基团结合。尤其是甲基汞,会严重毒害动物的神经,造成动物的行为感知紊乱,毒害神经和肾脏,对人类以及其他动物例如鸟类的产生很大威胁。
鸟的羽毛和卵对汞富集程度高,水源中汞离子含量对鸟类群落结构或者种群的影响是显而易见的,另外鸟类是环境的指示剂。所以政府部门监测水环境中汞的含量是至关重要的。因此,研究和开发更具高选择性、更加快速、更高灵敏度的可以在自然水体等环境中实时汞离子含量检测的方法是非常重要的,因为如此一来可以追踪水源中汞离子含量或其变化对鸟类群落结构或者种群的影响。
目前,常见的汞元素检测手段主要是传统的双硫腙法比色法、阳极溶出伏安法、氧化还原电位法、电感耦合等离子体-质谱、原子吸收/发射光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法等。但在实际应用中,这些检测方法费用高且操作复杂。而荧光探针检测法由于具有便捷性好、选择性、灵敏度高等优点而极为引人注目。近年来,正是处于上述的种种背景下才使得汞离子荧光探针的研究得到越来越多的学者的关注。
中国专利申请201610463837.9公开了一种基于萘酰亚胺的汞离子荧光探针及其制备方法和应用,所制备的汞离子荧光探针是以1,8-萘酰亚胺为荧光母体,依次通过与正丁胺反应,得到强荧光性的中间体N-丁基-4-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺,所得中间体与2-甲氧基苄胺反应引入氮原子和氧原子,增强该化合物和金属离子的配位能力,检测过程中发明的该小分子传感器上的氮原子和氧原子能很快地和汞离子发生配位,使荧光迅速增强,从而实现对汞离子的检测。
中国专利申请201610397020.6公开了一种柠檬酸酯类荧光化合物,以二环己基碳二亚胺作为催化剂,不仅可以活化羧基,起到活化作用,还可以作为缚水剂,吸收酯化反应过程中产生的水,使得反应向生成酯的方向进行;通过简单的制备方法、较低的温度和较短的时间就可以得到荧光强度较高的黄绿色的柠檬酸酯类荧光化合物,荧光量子产率可达5.0%。
中国专利申请201610112770.4公开了一种检测汞离子的新型罗丹明荧光探针及其制备方法,属于荧光探针及其制备方法技术领域。该申请除了公开了罗丹明荧光探针的结构,还公开了罗丹明荧光探针的制备方法:将罗丹明B与水合肼在乙醇中回流反应生成罗丹明酰肼;然后与苯基乙二醛在乙醇中回流反应,经重结晶得到席夫碱;再经硼氢化钠还原生成荧光探针。
中国专利申请201511031104.X公开了一种汞离子荧光探针化合物、制备方法及应用,涉及分析化学技术领域。该汞离子荧光探针的化学分子式为,是由2-(2’-羟苯基)苯并咪唑为母体结构,经过衍生化得到的。此探针对汞离子选择性好、灵敏度高且易于制备,是一种理想的汞离子传感分子。
根据汞离子与探针分子的作用类型,可以将汞离子荧光探针分为配位型和反应型两大类,配位型的荧光探针通过非共价键的形式将荧光探针和汞离子相络合,但是这种络作用力在应用于汞离子识别时,专一选择性并不高,而反应型的探针是基于二者之间的化学反应,会生成新的反应产物,进而引起体系的荧光或紫外吸收光谱发生改变,有很强的专一选择性,所以这种类型的探针具备更高的灵敏度和良好的抗阳离子干扰能力。
发明内容
本领域急需一种制备简单的高选择性比色比率测定Hg2+的方法,从而能够有效检测特别是能够检测环境中(例如鸟类栖息地中水源)的Hg2+。本发明的发明人设计合成了一种脱硒作用来识别汞离子的探针,建立了一种可以用于汞离子含量检测的方法。为此,本发明提出了一种制备新颖的高选择性比色比率检测Hg2+的探针的方法,该探针的制备简单,和/或选择性高,并利用该探针能够测定样品中的Hg2+浓度。
本发明提供了制备检测样品中(例如鸟类栖息地中水源)的Hg2+的高选择性比色探针的方法,其合成路线如下:
示例性地,本发明中所述的环境是指水源地,例如鸟类栖息地中水源。所述水源的存在形式可以为河流,湖泊,沟渠等。
具体地,将7-羟基香豆素溶于THF中,在氮气保护的条件下慢慢滴加硒粉的THF溶液,室温搅拌,加入溶于三乙胺和THF混合溶液的二苯基氯化膦,氮气保护下搅拌反应,旋干溶剂,加入甲苯用分水器回洗,除去固体,将有机相旋干,用柱层析分离提纯目标产物。
更具体地,将7-羟基香豆素(0.49g,3mmol)溶于THF(2mL)中,在氮气保护的条件下慢慢滴加硒粉(0.19g,24mmol)THF(5mL)溶液,室温搅拌10min,加入溶于三乙胺(2mL)和THF(20mL)混合溶液的二苯基氯化膦(0.53g,24mmol),氮气保护下搅拌反应24h,旋干溶剂,加入25mL甲苯用分水器回洗4h,除去固体,将有机相旋干,用柱层析分离提纯目标产物。
附图说明
图1:探针(5μmol/L)在pH 7.4PBS乙醇/水(5:5)的缓冲溶液中随汞离子浓度(0-10μmol/L)改变的荧光发射光谱图,插入图表示探针(5μmol/L)456nm处的荧光强度随汞离子浓度(0-10μmol/L)的改变。汞离子的浓度从下到上分别为0,0.5,1,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5,6,7,8,9,10μmol/L。
图2:探针对汞离子响应的工作曲线。
图3:探针(5μmol/L)在pH 7.4PBS乙醇/水(5:5)的缓冲溶液中对汞离子(2.5μmol/L)响应随时间变化关系。
图4:在pH 7.4PBS乙醇/水(5:5)的缓冲溶液中不同金属离子(3μmol/L)对探针(5μmol/L)荧光强度的影响。F:加入不同金属离子的荧光强度;F0:不加金属离子的荧光强度。
图5:不同金属离子共存对探针荧光强度的影响。1:空白;2:汞离子;3:汞离子+镍离子;4:汞离子+镁离子;5:汞离子+钠离子;6:汞离子+铬离子;7:汞离子+锌离子;8:汞离子+铅离子;9:汞离子+铜离子;10:汞离子+钾离子;11:汞离子+镉离子。
实施例1:荧光探针的合成
本发明的汞离子荧光探针的合成路线和方法如下所示:
具体地,将7-羟基香豆素(0.49g,3mmol)溶于THF(2mL)中,在氮气保护的条件下慢慢滴加硒粉(0.19g,24mmol)THF(5mL)溶液,室温搅拌10min,加入溶于三乙胺(2mL)和THF(20mL)混合溶液的二苯基氯化膦(0.53g,24mmol),氮气保护下搅拌反应24h,旋干溶剂,加入25mL甲苯用分水器回洗4h,除去固体,将有机相旋干,用柱层析分离提纯目标产物(二氯甲烷:石油醚=1:1),得到1.01g红色粉末状荧光探针,产率52%。1H NMR(400MHz,D2O)δ7.77-7.68(m,6H),7.62(dd,J=10.9,4.0Hz,1H),7.55-7.43(m,8H).[M+H]+C21H16O3PSe427.0,发现427.0。
实施例2:反应试剂的配制
探针储备液和探针测试液:准确称取4.26mg的实施例1中所合成的探针,先用少量二氯甲烷溶解,然后将其移入10mL容量瓶,用乙醇定容至刻度,混匀,此时得到浓度为1mmol/L的探针储备液液。并取1mL的储备液加入到100mL的乙醇中,先加一些去离子水,再加入5mL的PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4),继续加去离子水定容至200mL,得到5μmol/L的探针测试液。
汞离子储备液:准确称取32.46mg硝酸汞(Hg(NO3)2),加入去离子水进行溶解,待样品完全溶解后,全部移入10mL容量瓶中,定容至刻度,混匀,此溶液的浓度为10mmol/L。取1mL上述溶液将其稀释到1mmol/L。
实施例3:探针荧光光谱的测定
分别取15个10mL的比色管,然后进行编号,分别加入5μmol/L的探针测试液5mL、然后分别加入1mmol/L的汞离子依次为0μL,2.5μL,5μL,10μL,12.5μL,15μL,17.5μL,20μL,22.5μL,25μL,30μL,35μL,40μL,45μL,50μL,摇匀。分别取上述15个比色管中溶液4mL于比色皿,在456nm处进行荧光光谱测定。
实施例1中所合成的探针中加入不同浓度汞离子荧光强度的变化,如图1所示。随着汞离子浓度的增加,其荧光强度也在增加,当汞离子的浓度大于4μmol/L时,实施例1中所合成的探针的荧光强度基本稳定,而且可以看出,汞离子浓度在0~4μmol/L时,汞离子浓度与荧光强度值呈现一定的线性关系。
以汞离子浓度(0~4μmol/L)为横坐标,在456nm处的荧光强度值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,结果见图2所示。
由图2可以看出,当汞离子浓度在0~4μmol/L内,汞离子的浓度和荧光强度成较好的线性关系,回归方程为:y=107305x+99254(R2=0.9875),检出限为0.07μmol/L。因此,本发明所设计的汞离子探针能利用荧光光谱确定待测汞离子的含量。
检出限的计算:测定20次空白溶液在456nm处的荧光强度值,然后计算出σ,且由工作曲线可知工作曲线的斜率K=107305代入图2中的公式中得出,计算出该方法的检出限为0.07μmol/L。
以上实验结果表明,实施例1中所合成的探针与汞离子可以在水溶液中响应,可以用荧光信号对水中的汞离子进行检测。
实施例4:反应时间的确定
取出一个10mL的比色管,加入1mmol/L的探针储备液5mL、然后加入1mmol/L的汞离子储备液12.5μL,摇匀。取上述溶液4mL于比色皿,检测456nm处的荧光强度在30min内随时间的变化。记录荧光强度值随着时间发生变化的情况,从而确定反应的最佳时间。
以同一浓度的含汞溶液在不同的反应时间条件下测定荧光强度值,绘制在不同的反应时间条件下的荧光强度值的变化曲线,结果如图3所示。从图3中可以看出,汞离子与实施例1中所合成的探针反应1min内荧光强度急剧增加并达到稳定,说明该反应为瞬时反应。
实施例5:离子干扰试验
考虑在汞离子测定方法的实际应用中,可能会受到一些其它的金属离子的干扰,因此,需要探讨不同类型的常见的金属离子对汞离子测定结果的影响。测试的离子包括:K+、Na+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cd2+、Cr3+、Pb2+、Cu2+。
取10个10mL比色管进行编号,分别加入5μmol/L的探针测试液5mL、然后分别不同离子:K+、Na+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Hg2+(浓度为1mmol/L)溶液15μL,摇匀。分别取上述10个比色管中溶液4mL于比色皿,在456nm处进行荧光光谱测定。
研究实施例1中所合成的探针对汞离子的选择性,不同测试离子对探针荧光强度值的影响。测试的离子包括:K+、Na+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+,结果如图4。从图4可以看出,由于汞和硒的专一反应,加入汞离子,在456nm处荧光强度值有明显变化,而加入镍离子、镁离子、钠离子、锌离子、铅离子、钾离子、镉离子和铬离子对实施例1中所合成的探针的荧光强度基本无影响,相对而言,铜离子有较弱的响应,这可能是由于铜和汞属于同一主族,铜离子能发生汞离子的反应,但和加入汞离子相比,其影响很小可以忽略。实验表明,实施例1中所合成的探针能够专一性地和汞离子进行反应,对汞离子具有较高的选择性。
继续考察离子共存对荧光强度的影响。取9个10mL比色管进行编号,分别加入1mmol/L的实施例1中所合成的探针测试液5mL、15μL的1mmol/L汞离子、然后分别不同离子:K+、Na+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+、(浓度为1mmol/L)溶液15μL,摇匀。分别取上述9个比色管中溶液4mL于比色皿,在456nm处进行荧光光谱测定。结果如图5所示。由图5可知,其它金属离子的加入不会干扰汞对硒的特征反应,与单独加入汞离子的荧光强度差别不大,说明本文所探讨的上述共存金属离子对检测汞离子的干扰比较小,可知该探针对汞离子具有较好的选择性。
总之,基于硒与汞的强亲和性,成功设计并合成了一个新型的荧光增强的香豆素类探针,建立了一种用于检测汞离子含量的方法。在乙醇/水(1/1,v/v)体系(pH=7.4,PBS缓冲液)中,探针可以实现对汞离子的检测。探针对汞离子的响应不受共存离子K+、Na+、Mg2 +、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+的干扰,对Hg2+的选择性很好。当汞离子浓度在0-4μmol/L范围内,汞离子的浓度和荧光强度成良好的线性关系,回归方程为:y=107305x+99254(R2=0.9875),检出限为0.07μmol/L。
虽然用上述实施方式描述了本发明,应当理解的是,在不背离本发明的精神的前提下,本发明可进行进一步的修饰和变动,且这些修饰和变动均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.制备比色探针的方法,其通过如下的合成路线合成:
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将7-羟基香豆素溶于THF中,在氮气保护的条件下慢慢滴加硒粉的THF溶液,室温搅拌,加入溶于三乙胺和THF混合溶液的二苯基氯化膦,氮气保护下搅拌反应。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中7-羟基香豆素与二苯基氯化膦的摩尔比为1:12。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中7-羟基香豆素与二苯基氯化膦的摩尔比为1:8。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中反应完成后,旋干溶剂,加入甲苯用分水器回洗,除去固体,将有机相旋干,提纯目标产物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中用柱层析提纯目标产物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中柱层析所使用的洗脱剂为二氯甲烷和石油醚的1:1v/v混合物。
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