CN106588775A - 一种吲唑衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种吲唑衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106588775A CN106588775A CN201611062317.3A CN201611062317A CN106588775A CN 106588775 A CN106588775 A CN 106588775A CN 201611062317 A CN201611062317 A CN 201611062317A CN 106588775 A CN106588775 A CN 106588775A
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- indazole
- methyl
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- nitro
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种吲唑衍生物,该衍生物的分子结构如下式(Ⅰ)所示。本发明所述的化合物可抑制tau蛋白的活性,降低其磷酸化水平,阻止神经元凋亡,防治神经退行性疾病的效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及与碳环稠合的1,2二唑,具体涉及一种吲唑衍生物,该吲唑衍生物适用于防治帕金森病。
背景技术
神经退行性疾病是指人体的神经元发生退行性变化而引起的一系列病症,多发于老年人群,大大影响了人们的生活质量。其中帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)和老年性痴呆症(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是最为常见的两种神经退行性疾病。神经元凋亡并导致神经元丢失是神经退行性疾病的主要病理特征;但长期以来,由于找不到明确的药物作用靶点,人们只能采用“治标”的方法来治疗这类疾病,通过服用或静脉注射化学药物来补充病人大脑神经元中匮乏的物质。例如PD的症状和体征能够被提高多巴胺功能的药物缓解,其中最有效的药物是左旋多巴。但是,左旋多巴不能有效地控制PD的自然病变进程,而且还有不良的副作用,例如开关现象和运动障碍。更令人失望的是,左旋多巴的治疗作用只能维持两年左右。但长期使用左旋多巴会导致神经元损伤,加速神经元的凋亡;又如,针对AD脑内乙酰胆碱不足,用胆碱酯酶抑制剂提高其浓度。但是,同样地,由于不能阻止神经元的丢失,所以也无法控制疾病的发展。因此,在防治神经退行性疾病方面,找到一种作用靶点明确、能有效阻止神经元丢失、有效控制疾病发展的药物是人们长期以来所追求的目标。本发明人发现6-硝基-1氢-吲唑具有一定的预防和治疗神经退行性疾病的新用途,但6-硝基-1氢-吲唑在预防和治疗帕金森病的药效学筛选中显示其起效浓度高、溶解性能差、有一定的细胞毒性的缺点。在此基础上,本发明对6-硝基-1氢-吲唑进行了结构改造和修饰,合成出6-羟基-1氢-吲唑(CN 104523682A)和5-羟基-1-氢-吲唑(徐圆圆,梁小凤,朱雯婷,饶进军,王文雅.5-羟基-1-氢-吲唑对SH-SY5Y细胞的保护作用及其机制研究[J].中国药理学通报,2016Mar;32(3):378~384.)。本发明人进一步研究结果显示,6-羟基-1氢-吲唑和5-羟基-1-氢-吲唑对SH-SY5Y细胞均具有保护作用,且毒度低,溶解性能较好。但上述两种化合物防治神经退行性疾病的效果还不十分理想。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种吲唑衍生物,该衍生物防治神经退行性疾病的效果显著。
本发明解决上述问题的技术方案如下:
一种吲唑衍生物,该衍生物的分子结构如下式(Ⅰ)所示:
上式(Ⅰ)所示吲唑衍生物的化学名称为6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑。
上述6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑可用于制备防治神经退行性疾病的药物,该药物的有效成分为6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑。
上述神经退行性疾病具体是帕金森病与老年性痴呆症。
上述6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑的具体制备方法如下:
取6-硝基-1H-吲唑,加入适量DMF溶解,然后按6-硝基-1H-吲唑︰碘甲烷︰氢化钠=1︰2︰2的摩尔比加入碘甲烷和氰化钠,搅拌反应24h,过滤,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,柱色谱分离,得6-硝基-甲基-吲唑;取6-硝基-甲基-吲唑溶解于甲醇,加入钯碳做催化剂,通氢气反应4h,过滤,柱色谱分离,得到6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑;其中,分离6-硝基-甲基-吲唑的色谱条件为:色谱柱为200目的硅胶柱,洗脱剂由石油醚和乙酸乙酯组成,且二者的体积比为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1;分离6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑的色谱条件为:色谱柱为200目的硅胶柱,洗脱剂由石油醚和乙酸乙酯组成,且二者的体积比为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1。
上述制备方法的反应式为:
本发明所述的6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑可抑制tau蛋白的活性,降低其磷酸化水平,阻止神经元凋亡,防治神经退行性疾病的效果显著。
附图说明
图1A为6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑碳谱图;图1B为6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑氢谱图。
图2为6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑质谱图。
图3为6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑对MPP+诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的抑制作用效果图,图中a为溶剂对照组的显微照片,b为200μM MPP+处理组的显微照片,c、d和e为1μM,10μM和100μM 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑挽救了TH阳性细胞(×200)的显微照片,f为6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑对TH-阳性细胞保护作用的量效柱形图。
图4为利用MTT检测6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑、6-羟基-1氢-吲唑和5-羟基-1-氢-吲唑对SY5Y细胞保护作用的量效柱形图。
图5为6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑降低了MPP+诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞内Tau蛋白的过磷酸化的显微照片(放大倍数:200×)。
图6为6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑对MPTP诱导的黑质多巴胺能神经元的丢失的抵抗作用效果图,其中(a)为溶剂对照组的显微照片(放大:40×),(b)为MPTP处理组的显微照片(放大:40×),(c)为MPTP和1mg/kg 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑处理组的显微照片(放大:40×),(d)为MPTP和5mg/kg 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑处理组的显微照片(放大:40×),(e)为黑质多巴胺能神经元计数的柱状图;
图7为MPTP末次注射后第十天进行实验鼠的爬杆测试结果的柱状图
图8为MPTP末次注射后第十天进行实验鼠的悬挂测试结果的柱状图。
具体实施方式
例1(制备6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑)
1、6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑的合成:
称取6-硝基-1H-吲唑2.5g,加入适量DMF溶解,加入碘甲烷2ml和氰化钠0.8g,搅拌反应24h,过滤,50ml乙酸乙酯萃取三次,旋蒸仪蒸干溶剂,柱色谱分离中间产物6-硝基-甲基-吲唑;取中间产物溶解于甲醇,加入钯碳做催化剂,通氢气反应4h,过滤,得到黄棕色粉末;其中,
所述柱色谱分离6-硝基-甲基-吲唑的方法为:硅胶柱柱层析(200mesh)进行分离,按石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1的体积比配置洗脱剂,分离提纯后得到黄色固体,即为6-硝基-甲基-吲唑(回收率:78.2%);
所述柱色谱分离6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑的方法为:硅胶柱柱层析(200mesh)进行分离,按石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1的体积比配置洗脱剂,分离提纯后得到黄棕色固体,即为6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑(回收率:57.6%)。。
上述合成方法中所用原料6-硝基-1H-吲唑购于百灵威科技有限公司(批号:N0399,纯度=98%),具体合成方法参照Andrew J.Souers等有关6-硝基-1H-吲唑的合成方法。
参考文献:Andrew J.Souers,Ju Gao,Dariusz Wodka,et al.Synthesis andevaluation of urea-based indazoles as melanin-concentrating hormone receptor1antagonists for the treatment of obesity.Bioorganic&Medicinal ChemistryLetters,2005,15:2752-2757.
2、化合物的鉴定:
上述黄棕色粉末,微溶于氯仿,溶于甲醇。
上述黄棕色结晶,经检测得到如图1A所示的碳谱图,图1B所示的氢谱图和图2所示的质谱图,1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.75(s,1H),7.45(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.6(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),6.62(s,1H),3.88(t,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,MeOD)δ149.24,143.39,133.77,122.70,118.66,114.60,92.32,35.15.ESI-MS(m/z):148.4([M+H]+).
例2(药物制备例)
1、注射液剂
称取10克6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑,溶于1000毫升注射用水中,溶解、超微滤膜过滤,即制成浓度为1克/100毫升(1%)的注射液,灭菌、分装。
对帕金森病患者和老年性痴呆症患者:皮下注射、肌注、缓慢静注的给药剂量均相同,一次50~100mg,一日2~3次。
2、片剂
组方:6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑20g,淀粉6g,枸椽酸0.2g,10%淀粉浆适量,1%硬脂酸镁适量。
制备方法:
将0.2g枸椽酸溶于20ml的10%淀粉浆中。取配比量6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑、淀粉混合均匀,加适量含枸橼酸的10%淀粉浆制软材,过16目筛制粒,将湿颗粒于40-60℃干燥;16目筛整粒,加入适量1%硬脂酸镁后压片形成每片含100mg 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑的片剂。
对帕金森病患者和老年性痴呆症患者:口服1日0.5~1.0g,分2~4次给予。
3、缓释胶囊剂
组方:
6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑10g,磷酸氢钙10g,HPMC4000cp 2g,HPMC100cp 2g,EC100cp0.5g,硬脂酸镁0.25g,滑石粉0.25g。
制备方法:
将配比量6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑、磷酸氢钙、HPMC4000cp、HPMC 100cp和EC 100cp分别过60目~100目筛,置混合机混匀,加入浓度为50%~75%乙醇作为润湿剂并搅拌制成软材,过14目~20目筛制粒,颗粒50℃~60℃干燥,14目~20目筛整粒,再加入硬脂酸镁和滑石粉,混匀、装胶囊、分装即得每个含100mg 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑的胶囊剂。
对帕金森病患者和老年性痴呆症患者:口服1日0.5~1.0g,分2~4次给予。
4、乳剂
组方:
6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑50g,硬脂酸150g,白凡士林100g,单硬脂酸甘油酯85g,甘油75g,吐温-80 30g,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯1g,蒸馏水适量补足1000g。
制备方法
将6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑、硬脂酸、白凡士林和单硬脂酸甘油酯置容器内加热熔化,另将甘油、吐温-80、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯与蒸馏水加热至全部溶解。在保持温度70℃左右,两相混合,搅至冷凝,即得含量5%的乳剂。
对帕金森病患者和老年性痴呆症患者:外用,适量,每日2~4次。
制备方法:
将0.2g枸椽酸溶于20ml的10%淀粉浆中。取处方量6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑、左旋多巴、淀粉混合均匀,加适量含枸橼酸的10%淀粉浆制软材,过16目筛制粒,将湿颗粒于40-60℃干燥;16目筛整粒,加入适量1%硬脂酸镁后压片形成每片含50mg 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑和100mg左旋多巴的片剂。
对帕金森病患者和老年性痴呆症患者:口服1日0.75~1.5g,分2~4次给予。
例3(效果验证)
一、药效实验
实验一 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑通过抑制Tau蛋白磷酸化缓解了MPP+对体外SH-SY5Y细胞的促凋亡作用
MPP+(1-甲基-4-苯基-吡啶离子),MPP+是MPTP经单胺氧化酶B转变成的具有毒性的代谢产物,经多巴胺载体转运至多巴胺能神经元内,它对黑质多巴胺能神经元具有高亲和力、选择性毒害的作用。
1.SH-SY5Y细胞用含有10%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM培养基在37℃,5%CO2、饱和湿度的培养箱中培养。常规换液,2~3天用0.25%柠檬酸胰酶消化传代。所有相关制剂均购自Sigma公司。
处于对数生长期的SH-SY5Y细胞,用0.25%柠檬酸胰酶消化后加入含10%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM培养基吹打成细胞悬液,调整细胞数为1×104个/孔,然后接种到96孔细胞培养板,每孔体积180μl。待细胞贴壁后,换液,加入各浓度梯度的MPP+,各浓度平行5孔,37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养24h,然后每孔加入20μl四氮唑盐(MTT)液(5mg/ml),使MTT的终浓度为0.5mg/ml,继续培养4h,吸尽含MTT的培养液,终止反应。每孔加入150μl的DMSO溶解结晶甲瓒,平放在震荡仪上震荡10min,用酶联免疫检测仪测定每孔OD值,波长定于570nm。按下列公式计算存活率:存活率%=(加药组平均OD值/对照组平均OD值)×100%。
2.将体外培养的多巴胺能神经元分成3个实验组(MPP+组、6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑组和空白对照组),6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑实验组又分成7个浓度组,分别加入0.5μl 1000倍6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑储存液,使终浓度分别为1nM、10nM、100nM、1μM、10μM、100μM和1mM;MPP+组和空白对照组加入等体积(0.5μl)的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)。2小时后,MPP+组和6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑组加入0.5μl 300mM的MPP+(终浓度为300μM),对照组加入等体积溶剂。48h后,细胞固定作酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的免疫细胞化学染色,观察多巴胺能神经元的数量。结果发现,MPP+组中多巴胺能神经元数量显著减少,而6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑组中,1、10和100μM浓度组TH-阳性细胞明显增多,说明6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑对MPP+诱导体外多巴胺能神经元凋亡具有很强的抵抗作用(见图3)。将图1a与b进行对比可以看出:MPP+使用后,TH阳性细胞明显减少,而从图1c-e看出:6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑可增加TH-阳性细胞数。。
3.将SH-SY5Y细胞接种到24孔细胞培养板,每孔体积500μl。待细胞贴壁后,换液,分别加入含有6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑溶度为10μM的DMEM培养基,2h之后加入终浓度为300μM的MPP+作用8h。在室温,用4%的多聚甲醛固定细胞30min,用TBS/Triton洗两次,每次5分钟后,用溶于TBS/Triton的3%驴血清封闭非特异结合位点室温1h。用溶于TBS的3%BSA稀释的第一个一抗(特异的兔抗p-Tau(Ser396)抗体)4℃孵育过夜。第二天,室温下用TBS/Triton洗两次,每次5min,然后用溶于含3%BSA的TBS液中的第二个一抗(与第一个一抗的种属来源不同,鼠抗TH的单克隆抗体,1:100)37℃孵育2小时。室温下用TBS/Triton洗两次,每次5min,然后用TBS洗5min;用以1:200的稀释度稀释于含1%BSA的TBS中的二抗混合液【包括针对第一个一抗的荧光素标记的二抗(如荧光素标记的抗兔抗体,Donkey antirabbit,FITC标记)和针对第二个一抗的荧光素标记的二抗(如荧光素标记的抗鼠抗体,Donkey anti mouse,carbocyanine-3标记)】室温下孵育切片1小时。孵育盒用锡箔覆盖避光。室温下用TBS洗两次,每次10min后,荧光显微镜下观察分析拍照,最后置于4℃避光保存。
免疫荧光双染发现在溶剂对照组中TH-阳性细胞内有微弱p-Tau(Ser 396)的表达,双染的SH-SY5Y细胞呈现黄色;MPP+处理8h后,TH-阳性细胞内p-Tau(Ser396)水平明显升高,双染细胞显示橙红色;10μmol·L-1 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑预处理2h后,细胞内p-Tau(Ser396)水平明显下降,双染细胞显示黄色(图5)。
实验二 6-羟基-1氢-吲唑通过抑制Tau蛋白磷酸化缓解了MPP+对体外SH-SY5Y细胞的促凋亡作用
将体外培养的多巴胺能神经元分成3个实验组(MPP+组、6-羟基-1氢-吲唑组和空白对照组),6-羟基-1氢-吲唑组实验组又分成7个浓度组,分别加入0.5μl 1000倍6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑储存液,使终浓度分别为1nM、10nM、100nM、1μM、10μM、100μM和1mM;MPP+组和空白对照组加入等体积(0.5μl)的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)。其余实验处理步骤同6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑(药效实验实验一)。本部分实验结果已发表于安徽医科大学学报(梁小风,朱文婷,饶进军,王文雅.6-羟基-1H-吲唑抑制Tau磷酸化对MPP+诱导凋亡的SH-SY5Y细胞保护作用的研究[J].安徽医科大学学报,2015May:50(5):585-588.)。并申请了相关专利,专利号为(CN104523682A)。
实验三 5-羟基-1-氢-吲唑通过抑制Tau蛋白磷酸化缓解了MPP+对体外SH-SY5Y细胞的促凋亡作用
将体外培养的多巴胺能神经元分成3个实验组(MPP+组、5-羟基-1-氢-吲唑组和空白对照组),5-羟基-1-氢-吲唑组实验组又分成7个浓度组,分别加入0.5μl 1000倍6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑储存液,使终浓度分别为1nM、10nM、100nM、1μM、10μM、100μM和1mM;MPP+组和空白对照组加入等体积(0.5μl)的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)。其余实验处理步骤同6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑(药效实验实验一)。本部分实验结果已发表于中国药理学通报(徐圆圆,梁小凤,朱雯婷,饶进军,王文雅.5-羟基-1-氢-吲唑对SH-SY5Y细胞的保护作用及其机制研究[J].中国药理学通报,2016Mar;32(3):378~384.)。
由上述的实验结果可知,6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑通过抑制Tau蛋白磷酸化缓解了MPP+对体外SH-SY5Y细胞的促凋亡作用强度高于6-羟基-1氢-吲唑和5-羟基-1-氢-吲唑,具有起效浓度小、毒性作用弱、溶解度高的优点。MTT检测6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑(图4A)、6-羟基-1氢-吲唑(图4B)和5-羟基-1-氢-吲唑(图4C)对SY5Y细胞保护作用的量效柱形图如图4所示。
实验四 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑对MPTP诱导的帕金森氏病的治疗作用
1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)是一种白色粉末状神经毒素,可特异地破坏多巴胺能神经细胞,从而损害大脑内黑质纹状体通路,使人与动物出现帕金森氏病的症状。
1.选取雄性C57BL型小鼠100只,随机分为生理盐水组(NS组)、MPTP组和两个MPTP+6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑(1和5mg/kg)剂量组,每组20只。用生理盐水配成浓度为6mg/ml的MPTP溶液。实验第一天,AR组分别腹腔注射0.1mg/ml、0.5mg/ml 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑10ml/kg,NS组和MPTP组均腹腔注射3%DMSO 10ml/kg;第二天AR组先腹腔注射6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑(剂量均同第一天),其余组腹腔注射3%DMSO 10ml/kg。30min后AR组和MPTP组一起腹腔注射6mg/ml MPTP 5ml/kg,NS组腹腔注射等容量的生理盐水,连续5天(共6天)。
2.在MPTP末次注射后第7天,每实验组取两只小鼠,用10%水合氯醛麻醉,从左心室进针入主动脉,依次灌注血管冲洗液和4%PFA各50ml。血管冲洗液成分为:PBS 1000ml,1%NaNO2 2ml,肝素0.02g和NaCl 9g;
3.小鼠断头取全脑,在4%PFA中室温浸泡2小时,转移至30%蔗糖溶液中,4℃条件下静置12小时;
4.用冰冻切片机于黑质致密部切取35μm的脑片,悬浮于24孔板内的PBS液中。每隔5片取一片做酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的免疫组化,观察黑质内残余多巴胺能神经元的情况。在MPTP末次注射后第10天,各实验组的小鼠在完成了行为学的检测后,颈椎脱臼致死。取全脑,沸水中煮2分钟后小心地剥离纹状体,称重,保存于-70℃,准备利用高效液相分析纹状体内多巴胺含量。
观察指标:黑质残存多巴胺能神经元计数、行为学的评分和纹状体多巴胺含量。
(1)6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑对MPTP诱导黑质多巴胺能神经元的丢失具有很强的对抗作用
在MPTP末次注射后第7天,用ABC法检测黑质内残余多巴胺能神经元的数目。结果表明:与溶剂组对照,MPTP注射后,黒质TH阳性细胞明显减少,说明MPTP导致黑质内多巴胺能神经元的大量丢失(即图6(a)与(b)对比),大约只残留对照组的50.10±1.17(P<0.01)(见图5),而6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑明显减少了因MPTP毒性所引起的多巴胺能神经元的丢失,增加黒质TH-阳性细胞数(见图6(c)、(d))。在6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑的5mg/kg剂量组,黑质内多巴胺能神经元的数目与生理盐水组的相近,即达到了正常水平(见图6e)。图6表明6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑在1和5mg/kg的浓度时可以明显保护MPTP诱导死亡的TH-阳性细胞(P<0.01,6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑组与MPTP组相比)。
(2)6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑提高了被MPTP降低的纹状体多巴胺的水平
在MPTP末次注射后第十天,检测纹状体内多巴胺的浓度。与生理盐水组(13.16±0.27ng/mg)相比,MPTP引起了纹状体多巴胺浓度的大幅度下降,只有3.75±0.16ng/mg(P<0.01);而6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑却能提高纹状体多巴胺的含量(表1),6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑1、5mg/kg分别使多巴胺浓度上升至4.77±0.15(P<0.05)和5.54±0.13(P<0.01)。
表1 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑提高了MPTP降低的纹状体多巴胺浓度
在MPTP末次注射后第十天,用高效液相测定纹状体多巴胺浓度,数据以平均值±标准误的形式表达,与溶剂对照组相比,P<0.01;与MPTP处理组相比,P<0.05,P<0.01。
(3)6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑改善了PD小鼠的行为学异常
在MPTP末次注射后第十天,对PD小鼠实施行为学检查。检查内容为爬杆试验(poletest)和悬挂实验(traction test)。
①爬杆试验(pole test):
目的:检测小鼠肢体运动协调情况。
方法:将一直径为2.5厘米的软木小球固定于一根长50厘米直径1厘米的木杆顶端,木杆上缠上纱布以防打滑,然后将被测小鼠放到小球上,并记录以下几个时间:小鼠在顶球上停留的时间;小鼠爬完杆子的上半部分所用的时间;小鼠爬完杆子的下半部分所用的时间。然后按以下标准计分:3秒内完成上述某一动作的记3分;6秒内完成的记2分;超过6秒的记1分。最后计算三项累计得分情况,并作统计学分析。爬杆实验的实施和评分按照方法学介绍的进行,数据以平均值±标准误的形式表示。与溶剂对照组相比:P<0.01;与MPTP实验组相比:P<0.01。
②悬挂实验(traction test):
目的:检测小鼠肢体运动协调情况。
方法:将受试小鼠两前爪悬于一水平电线上,如小鼠用两后爪抓住电线则记3分;如用一后爪抓住电线则记2分。如果小鼠两后爪均抓不住电线则记1分,最后计算得分情况,并作统计学分析。
实验结果:在爬杆试验中,对照组小鼠行动自如,爬完杆子的上半部分和下半部分所用的时间较少,得分较高,为:8.50±0.31;而MPTP组小鼠行动迟缓,完成动作所用的平均时间较长,获得较低的分数,为4.13±0.41(P<0.01)。与MPTP组相比,6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑+MPTP组使所用时间明显要少,分别为:6.32±0.29和7.25±0.28。其中5mg/kg剂量组所用的时间与对照组十分相近(见图7)。在悬挂试验中,对照组小鼠用四肢抓住电线,得分为:2.75±0.26而MPTP组小鼠却只能用前爪抓住电线,后爪无力,得分较低,为1.55±0.23;1mg/kg和5mg/kg6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑处理的小鼠虽然有的后爪仍然运动受阻,但至少可以用一只后爪抓住电线,得分较高,分别为:2.21±0.31、2.58±0.28。表明后肢运动有所改善(见图8)。
本发明所述的防治神经退行性疾病药物的作用机理为:6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑抑制Tau蛋白的磷酸化过程,缓解Tau蛋白的过磷酸化状态,阻止神经元凋亡,达到防治神经退行性疾病的目的。
二、毒性实验
实验一 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑的急性毒性实验:
按国家药政管理规定,用昆明种封闭群健康小白鼠,体重20.0±0.5g,雌雄各25只,南方医科大学动物中心提供。随机分为5组,雌雄各5只,经口服灌胃一次性给药,剂量分别为1、10、100、1000、5000mg/kg,记录小鼠毒性反应情况和死亡动物分布,以Bliss统计法测定LD50值。LD50约为1876mg/kg,95%可信区间为1695~2057mg/kg。实验结果表明:6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑毒性低,安全性好。
实验二 6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑的慢性毒性实验:
实验动物:Wistar大白鼠,6周龄,100~120g,80只,雌雄各半。
实验方法:随机将大白鼠分成4组,每组各20只,雌雄各半,分为对照组及三个实验组(7mg/kg,21mg/kg,63mg/kg),灌胃连续观察210天。
检测方法:(1)动物一般表现。(2)血常规及血生化指标。血红蛋白,红细胞,白细胞及分类。转氨酶,尿素氮,肌酐,胆固醇,甘油三酯,血糖,总蛋白,白蛋白。(3)病理学检查:肝,肾,胃,睾丸,卵巢。
实验结果:
(1)对大白鼠食欲、生长发育无影响,与对照组一样,体重增加,生长曲线为递增状态,而且毛发光洁,无脱毛,皮肤健康,活动正常,与对照组比较,无组间差异(P>0.05)。
(2)大白鼠尿液、血液、生化等各项规定指标均在正常值范围内,与对照组比较,无组间差异(P>0.05)。
(3)对大白鼠的心、肝、脾、肺、肾等各器官未引起器质性改变。
慢性毒性实验结果表明:6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑毒性小,使用安全。
Claims (4)
1.一种吲唑衍生物,该衍生物的分子结构如下式(Ⅰ)所示:
2.一种制备权利要求1所述的一种吲唑衍生物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
取6-硝基-1H-吲唑,加入适量DMF溶解,然后按6-硝基-1H-吲唑︰碘甲烷︰氢化钠=1︰2︰2的摩尔比加入碘甲烷和氰化钠,搅拌反应24h,过滤,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,柱色谱分离,得6-硝基-甲基-吲唑;取6-硝基-甲基-吲唑溶解于甲醇,加入钯碳做催化剂,通氢气反应4h,过滤,柱色谱分离,得到6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑;其中,分离6-硝基-甲基-吲唑的色谱条件为:色谱柱为200目的硅胶柱,洗脱剂由石油醚和乙酸乙酯组成,且二者的体积比为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=6:1,分离6-氨基-1甲基-吲唑的色谱条件为:色谱柱为200目的硅胶柱,洗脱剂由石油醚和乙酸乙酯组成,且二者的体积比为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1。
3.权利要求1所述的吲唑衍生物在制备防治神经退行性疾病的药物中的应用,其中所述的神经退行性疾病为帕金森病或老年性痴呆症。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的药物的有效成分为权利要求1所述的吲唑衍生物。
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CN104876912A (zh) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-09-02 | 苏州云轩医药科技有限公司 | Wnt信号通路抑制剂及其应用 |
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